[HN Gopher] U of T computational imaging researchers harness AI ...
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       U of T computational imaging researchers harness AI to fly with
       light in motion
        
       Author : croes
       Score  : 44 points
       Date   : 2024-11-20 13:14 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (web.cs.toronto.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (web.cs.toronto.edu)
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Hmm, if AI is involved I'm always wondering whether what I see is
       | realistic or not.
        
         | juancn wrote:
         | In this case, they're basically using a neural network to
         | approximate a really tricky high dimensional function from a
         | lot of measurements from a scene, and use it to interpolate
         | values.
         | 
         | Think of it as "fancy (non)linear regression" or something like
         | that.
         | 
         | It's quite clever.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I'm now wanting to set up my magic bullet rig to try this!
           | 
           | Just thinking about consumer equipment, being able to shutter
           | release and fire a laser "burst" precisely enough would be a
           | challenge. If the shutter release is wired, does the time for
           | the signal to travel down the wire + the mechanics of the
           | shutter need to be compensated for the time of flight of the
           | "photon"? I could see this being one of those YouTube
           | channels with someone doing this in their garage.
           | 
           | All of that to say that the accuracy of what they've done is
           | impressive
        
         | godelski wrote:
         | Your suspicion is warranted, but it really depends on what "AI"
         | is being used (I'd rather call it ML. As a ML researcher
         | myself, and who publicly criticizes LLMs[0]).
         | 
         | The reasoning for this is that in essence, ML is curve fitting
         | data from high "polynomial" functions (approximately accurate).
         | But there are many things like density estimators which are
         | very good in statistical settings where you cannot access the
         | density function directly (called "intractable") and so all you
         | can deal with is samples (e.g. you can sample examples of human
         | faces, but we have no mathematical equation to describe all
         | variations and in what likelihood). This is not too different
         | from Monte Carlo Sampling and is often used in variational
         | inference. When you are doing density estimation you can have a
         | lot more confidence in your results as you can actually do
         | things like building proper confidence intervals and you can
         | test likelihood (how well does your model explain the data).
         | 
         | So yeah, keep the skepticism up. There's a lot of snake-oil in
         | ML and these days it is probably good to default to that
         | position. Especially since a lot of ML people are not well
         | versed in math and there's a growing sentiment of not needing
         | math (you'll even find that common around here. It is a
         | reliance upon empirical results and not understanding "Elephant
         | fitting"). FWIW here they're using NeRF and it looks like they
         | are using it to tune parameters of their physical model. I'd
         | have to take a deeper look but at a quick glance I'd let down
         | my guard a bit.
         | 
         | [0] Worth noting that "AI" used to be the typical signal that
         | some thing was snake oil. Now everything is called AI. I'll
         | leave it to the reader to determine if this is still a strong
         | signal or not.
        
       | Sporktacular wrote:
       | Why does the refraction appear instantly below the bottle rather
       | than taking time for the light to propagate there?
        
         | moralestapia wrote:
         | Great observation, however I do feel like it's not instant but
         | feels like it's following behind the main pulse, so should be
         | accurate.
        
           | donbox wrote:
           | To me it felt like its instant in the downwards direction
        
       | tablatom wrote:
       | I thought I could only see photons that hit my retina :)
        
       | sxp wrote:
       | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2404.06493 is the paper. If I'm
       | understanding it correctly, the camera isn't actually capturing a
       | pulse of light. Instead, it's recording single pixels from a
       | 10MHz series of pulses using a single pixel camera that rotates
       | around the object. Then uses this time-series of data to render a
       | video of a "single" virtual pulse via a NeRF.
       | 
       | The "AI" in the title appears to be click bait since the paper
       | doesn't mention AI, and a NeRF isn't really AI in the colloquial
       | sense even though it uses a DNN.
        
         | variadix wrote:
         | If you have something periodic in time you can get high time
         | resolution of what looks like a single event by taking multiple
         | periodic captures with tiny phase offsets. It's a neat
         | capability
        
           | dtgriscom wrote:
           | Periodic strobe light.
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | Did Coca-Cola sponser/fund this study? Why the need for the label
       | still being visible? Seems like you'd want to not obstruct the
       | view behind the label, you know, for science. There's zero
       | purpose for having a bottle with any label. The shape of the
       | bottle is part of their trade mark, so it would be obvious
       | anyways.
       | 
       | Apparently, I'm really sick of constant bombardment from
       | corporate branding.
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | Puzzling, I can see why a pop bottle, due to its shape, would
         | make this more fun to look at than say a boring cylinder but
         | why the free advertisement by leaving the label on?
         | 
         | It's not even that it's cola inside, obviously
         | 
         | > We use a collimated beam to illuminate a Coca-Cola bottle
         | filled with water and a small amount of milk
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | If there wasn't a label on this bottle it'd be so plain looking
         | that you'd think it was a 3D render and not real.
         | 
         | I think you should just remember you live in a society and
         | societies contain mass market brands that aren't going
         | anywhere.
         | 
         | In particular with sodas, most of the indie ones are worse for
         | you. Coke at least makes Coke Zero, all the indie ones with
         | 2010-hipster branding have 60g sugar in each can.
        
       | soulofmischief wrote:
       | For those curious, here is prior art from 12 years ago, capturing
       | light in a coke bottle with a single streak camera.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EtsXgODHMWk
       | 
       | https://web.media.mit.edu/~raskar/trillionfps/
       | 
       | I remember when this dropped and where I was when I watched it
       | and read the paper. One of the coolest things I'd ever seen.
       | 
       | This seems like a great extension of the work. I'm okay with
       | trading accuracy for crude usefulness as a model. Making this
       | interactive and putting it in the hands of curious minds is the
       | next step.
        
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