[HN Gopher] Illegally logged wood from Cambodia likely ending up...
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       Illegally logged wood from Cambodia likely ending up in U.S. homes
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 92 points
       Date   : 2024-11-18 17:31 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.mongabay.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.mongabay.com)
        
       | cj wrote:
       | If I just built a house, and if there were some definitive test
       | to know the wood came from somewhere illegally, who would I sue?
       | 
       | In the US, you would sue the person you paid (who would then sue
       | the middleman company who sold them the wood, and so on down the
       | chain until the chain eventually ends).
       | 
       | It's interesting to think what a market would look like if we
       | removed indemnity and limitation of liability from contracts
       | (which allows liability to easily be passed down to vendors) in
       | certain cases. I think that's how it works in certain other
       | countries.
       | 
       | E.g. what if the liability was solely with the person who sold me
       | the wood (even if they're actually "innocent" and simply bought
       | from a fraudulent distributor).
       | 
       | I can easily see how it would help to keep all liability at the
       | closest link to the consumer in the chain, but then again how
       | realistic is it that any home builder is going to (reasonably) be
       | able to do enough vetting of distributors and suppliers to know
       | exactly how and where everything was made.
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | You likely would not sue anybody, because you have not suffered
         | any loss. Unless you are being fined by the local building
         | department for having such materials in your home, or can
         | demonstrate some kind of loss of resale value, which would
         | probably be difficult.
         | 
         | Enforcement of this kind of stuff has to happen much higher in
         | the supply chain, e.g. by criminal prosecution of the importers
         | for breaking the law, not civil claims by homeowners.
        
           | cj wrote:
           | It was more of a thought exercise.
           | 
           | But yes, you could sue someone if there is false advertising
           | happening.
           | 
           | If I buy wood from someone saying everything is ethically
           | sourced, and it's not, that's more than enough for a lawsuit.
           | 
           | The "damage" I suffered is that now I need to rebuild my
           | house because it doesn't use the wood I thought I bought.
           | (Obviously no one would do that in practice, but that's how
           | these lawsuits work)
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Note that the linked website is about wood used for
             | flooring, so a house would not need to be rebuilt. Only
             | pointing it out because I was wondering how it could
             | possibly be economical for 2x4s used for construction to be
             | imported into the US from Asia when the US and Canada has a
             | robust timber industry.
             | 
             | I would also guess new wood flooring installations has long
             | constituted a very small proportion of flooring
             | installation, with the more common material being some kind
             | of plastic/laminate/synthetic or even tile.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | I would guess this stuff is laminate/plywood. That is the
               | typical wood floor these days. Only the top veneer is the
               | hardwood or exotic wood.
               | 
               | Actual solid wood plank floors would only be found in
               | high-end custom homes now (though it was common in even
               | middle-class tract/spec homes up until the 1970s or so,
               | when wall-to-wall carpet became popular. For example my
               | parent's suburban bi-level which was an extremely common
               | middle-class house built in the 1960s has solid oak
               | flooring except for the kitchen.)
        
               | ekidd wrote:
               | Solid oak was still surprisingly cheap as late as 2018.
               | We picked up a bedroom's worth for $300 or so, and it
               | will last as long the house stands. The installation is
               | more expensive than the material.
               | 
               | I know of at least one New England house with softwood
               | pine floors from the 1850s that still look gorgeous. They
               | needed a serious sanding about 50 years ago, and they
               | have been revarnished a few times the half century since.
               | Give 'em five good coats of varnish every 20 years, and
               | put rugs on the high-traffic walkways, and they'll last
               | for generations.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, linoleum starts looking sketchy after a decade
               | and carpet is just awful.
        
               | Kon-Peki wrote:
               | > The installation is more expensive than the material.
               | 
               | That's exactly the problem, isn't it? If any middle class
               | person can afford high-quality wood flooring for their
               | middle-class house, you need something exotic for your
               | mansion. Right?
               | 
               | You know what's crazy? I've got stacks of white oak and
               | black walnut _firewood_. No furniture maker or woodworker
               | will touch a felled tree in suburban or urban areas
               | because it might have a nail somewhere in it. People will
               | cut it into log lengths with a chainsaw and then beg
               | others to come take it - as much as you can fit in your
               | truck. For free.
               | 
               | PS - unless I'm missing something, solid oak flooring is
               | still in the same pricing ballpark as engineered wood
               | flooring, often times a bit cheaper. It's the labor cost
               | for installation and then finishing that makes it pricier
               | overall?
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | Only the trunk from a tree is useful for lumber. The
               | branches have more wood overall, but they are firewood
               | only because they twist so much.
        
               | 1-6 wrote:
               | We can live without exotic hardwood species splattering
               | our floors. The look and feel of laminate/engineered wood
               | can be quite good and it will only improve with time.
               | 
               | I'm not a conservationist but I don't think it's proper
               | to cut down trees only to waste it on flooring if the
               | replenishment of the tree species cannot be accomplished.
               | 
               | With that said, I think all floors should be made out of
               | bamboo.
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | > Meanwhile, linoleum starts looking sketchy after a
               | decade and carpet is just awful.
               | 
               | Linoleum is a high quality product made from natural
               | materials, you're thinking of vinyl flooring.
        
             | Marsymars wrote:
             | > If I buy wood from someone saying everything is ethically
             | sourced, and it's not, that's more than enough for a
             | lawsuit.
             | 
             | I don't expect most contractors to have any wording around
             | ethical sourcing, and I expect they'd balk at me trying to
             | add an ethical sourcing guarantee to our contract.
        
           | AlotOfReading wrote:
           | I would assume there'd be an actionable warranty of
           | merchantability attached to the sale. The wood can't be fit
           | for sale if the seller doesn't have a legal claim to the
           | product.
        
         | kbelder wrote:
         | If you sell your house, would the new owner be able to sue you,
         | then?
        
           | cj wrote:
           | In NYS, you can sue the seller mostly based on what
           | representations/disclosures they made at the time of sale [0]
           | 
           | If you disclose it as a material defect, then no they can't
           | sue you.
           | 
           | [0] https://dos.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2024/03/dos-161
           | 4-f...
        
         | tadfisher wrote:
         | From what I understand through cursory Googling, trading in
         | illegally-harvested timber is a federal crime in the United
         | States [1], and it's a strict liability, meaning everyone in
         | the chain is subject to penalty via law enforcement. I don't
         | know if unknowingly receiving illegal timber without penalty
         | gives you standing to sue.
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacey_Act_of_1900
        
           | BolexNOLA wrote:
           | I am no expert but I imagine "I hired a licensed contractor
           | to handle this" would provide decent coverage for the home
           | owner? Maybe I'm too naive.
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | Often times it isn't as that can be abused by bad actors
             | that attempt to insulate themselves from liability by
             | foisting it off on others. I think in a lot of cases
             | markers of intent may be useful here - if you specifically
             | request a class or species of wood that is restricted in
             | logging you'd likely be held liable - "Oh I had assumed
             | this specific rare tropical wood would be ethically
             | sourced"... while as if you'd just requested a hardwood and
             | contractor happened to source an illegally sourced wood the
             | liability would likely be lessened.
             | 
             | In this particular case it's actually particle board so end
             | customers were likely completely unaware it was illegally
             | sourced.
        
             | _heimdall wrote:
             | If I were on a federal jury attempting to convict a home
             | owner that had no direct knowledge of where the raw
             | materials were sourced from, there's no way in hell I'd
             | vote guilty.
        
           | jstanley wrote:
           | Doesn't that mean that even the end customer is subject to
           | liability via law enforcement?
           | 
           | So they're actively incentivised not to bring attention to
           | it.
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | Yes but there is an intent component so only if they didn't
             | exercise "due care." A consumer might be liable if they buy
             | something obviously illegally harvested like Cuban mahogany
             | (unless it's very old stock that predates the ban) from
             | some rando on Craigslist but if they're buying wood from a
             | lumberyard or hardware store, they're likely in the clear
             | (IANAL).
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | So if I find illegal wood used in my house, I shouldn't
           | report it because I'll be in big trouble? Yeah, okay. I'll
           | play dumb.
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | What were the damages you sustained? That's probably the key
         | question you must ask yourself. Whoever is responsible for
         | those damages would be the target you should go after.
        
         | doctorpangloss wrote:
         | Complex questions. Everyone intelligent has their own journey
         | to, "People have agency, and obeying laws is cultural."
        
         | jessetemp wrote:
         | > E.g. what if the liability was solely with the person who
         | sold me the wood (even if they're actually "innocent" and
         | simply bought from a fraudulent distributor).
         | 
         | Why would the liability stop with them and not you? If only the
         | last person in the chain is liable, the shouldn't it be you who
         | is sued by the people whose land was exploited for lumber?
        
           | sailfast wrote:
           | Because you didn't order the illegal Acacia?
           | 
           | It's not like elephant ivory - the wood can come from a
           | number of places and look about the same. As an end user you
           | asked for "wood floors" and you got wood floors, and it was
           | up to the supplier to select the wood used in the flooring,
           | while the supplier is also lying about the source so all
           | parties post-supplier have deniability here, no?
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | >If I just built a house, and if there were some definitive
         | test to know the wood came from somewhere illegally, who would
         | I sue?
         | 
         | Or: who could sue you, to return the wood?
        
           | efitz wrote:
           | Or, who could bust in your door with a dozen SWAT team
           | members at 5am some morning and drag your family out into the
           | front yard in their pajamas, terrified, making them sit for
           | hours. All because you tried to do the right thing.
        
         | efitz wrote:
         | IANAL but self-reporting would not likely benefit you; I would
         | try to be as ignorant as possible about the wood type and its
         | source. Knowing and not reporting might also be a crime.
         | Unfortunately much of the US federal bureaucracy is more
         | interested in prosecution than in justice.
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | In August (2024) the US increased the softwood tariff coming from
       | Canada from 8% to 15% so I'd say US wood corp buyers are
       | desperate for cheaper wood.
       | 
       | It's a big place here in Canada and the crown (aka the gov) owns
       | all the land not owned by private owners, First Nations peoples,
       | corporations do not. The US government hates that so they set a
       | tariff.
       | 
       | Funny there are no US tariffs on Canadian oil drilled for on
       | crown land though. Even Trump said no to that. lol
        
         | dessimus wrote:
         | We'd much rather give away our tax dollars to the military-
         | industrial complex to go get the oil than risk consumers having
         | to pay more at the pump on tariffs.
        
           | kspacewalk2 wrote:
           | >give away our tax dollars to the military-industrial complex
           | to go get the oil
           | 
           | Two problems with that line of thinking:
           | 
           | 1) US is a net exporter of oil, so why engage in dastardly
           | invasions to get it from elsewhere?
           | 
           | 2) Talk of military industrial complex is often backed u by
           | how much the US spends on defence. However, absolute dollar
           | amounts are a really dumb way to compare defence budgets.
           | They ignore country sizes, GDP sizes and purchasing power.
           | Now, if you compare defence spending per person as a
           | percentage of GDP, accounting for purchasing power parity,
           | you get a much less flawed way to compare between countries.
           | In other words, it's not enough to compare $100 of spending
           | between US and Russia, for example, without accounting for
           | the difference between what $100 buys in the US vs Russia,
           | and how much of a person's annual output that $100 amounts
           | to. US cracks the top 10 on that metric BTW, but just about.
        
             | _heimdall wrote:
             | If you want to go into that level of detail to compare
             | relative military spending, there are going to be other
             | factors to consider. Its a huge rabit hole trying to
             | normalize data between countries with entirely different
             | currencies, economics, political structures, etc.
             | 
             | For example, the US has the benefit of printing money in
             | ways that other countries don't. I'm not even sure how
             | you'd adjust military spending to account for the benefit
             | of printing fiat as the world reserve currency, its more
             | like you're playing a game that no other country is allowed
             | to play.
        
           | mlindner wrote:
           | This type of argument is frankly outdated. The US is net
           | exporters of crude. We only import because of structural
           | issues (for example for California it's cheaper to ship in
           | oil as they refused to allow a pipeline to be built, or for
           | example shipping in heavier crude that's cheaper and easier
           | to make margin on in more advanced US refining plants).
        
       | digitalsurgeonz wrote:
       | what isn't ending up in the west ?
        
         | bregma wrote:
         | The west's garbage?
        
           | ars wrote:
           | Not sure if you were being sarcastic, but garbage is handled
           | locally. Some garbage is sold to other countries, but they
           | pay for it because they want it, it's not dumped on them.
           | 
           | Zero garbage is just sent elsewhere to be dealt with in some
           | random way.
        
             | aorloff wrote:
             | Don't you mean we pay them to take it ?
        
               | ars wrote:
               | No, I don't mean that, because that does not happen. If
               | other countries want recycling they pay to buy it.
        
         | hadlock wrote:
         | Cambodia is mostly exporting their sand to Singapore as part of
         | land reclamation projects. Environmentalists are super mad
         | about it because the easiest sand to harvest is from sensitive
         | Cambodian wetlands, which then gets shipped about 4 days south
         | to Singapore.
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | Somewhat related, I just listened to this series about Cambodian
       | art smuggling during the Khmer Rouge days.
       | https://dynamitedoug.com/
       | 
       | I hope to visit Cambodia someday (I was about to do it in 2 weeks
       | but then somehow I got tricked into taking a new job :-\\).
        
       | legitster wrote:
       | > "They [Nature Flooring] themselves don't know what it is that
       | they're selling," a timber industry insider told Mongabay, adding
       | that minimal testing is done to check the species or origin of
       | the wood.
       | 
       | > When contacted, AHF told Mongabay in an emailed response that
       | it "does not use any illegally harvested wood products." "We have
       | a rigorous supplier vetting and compliance program to verify all
       | wood products are legally sourced. Any inferences to the contrary
       | are simply not true," AHF said.
       | 
       | There's a bit of a he-said/she-said thing going on here. It seems
       | like it would be pretty easy to verify samples whether the wood
       | came from a plantation or not.
        
         | beambot wrote:
         | It's double-speak. Neither company cares; they're just relying
         | on plausible deniability while burying their heads in the sand.
         | They will change only if there's sufficient pressure
         | (financial, regulatory, social or some combination thereof).
        
       | luxuryballs wrote:
       | once the lumber becomes my house I'm calling it successfully
       | laundered
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | I could see importing some exotic hardwood from Cambodia (if they
       | have any), but why is is cost effective to make shitty plywood
       | with anything other than cheap locally sourced timber ?!
        
         | legitster wrote:
         | It's not construction plywood - it's manufactured flooring. So
         | you need fancy hardwoods for the veneer.
        
       | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
       | This reminds me of the rampant fraud in the labeling and sourcing
       | of seafood. See https://spu.edu/about-spu/press-
       | room/Press/delgado-salmon-mi... For a recent example
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | We pass all these struct labor and environmental rules in the US,
       | then just import goods made with far worse labor and
       | environmental treatment. This is why we need high tariffs.
        
         | TylerE wrote:
         | Doubling the price of everything we buy is gonna be just GREAT
         | for the economy. What do you mean my salary isn't also
         | doubling?
        
           | oceanplexian wrote:
           | Like the parent I have a hard time processing the narrative
           | that environmentalism is an existential issue except when we
           | need cheap Asian goods to undercut American workers.
           | 
           | I guess it's a dead horse though since clearly this kind of
           | cognitive dissonance has handed all branches of US government
           | to those advocating for tariffs and the same populist
           | sentiment is well on its way in the EU.
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | I don't see how doubling the price of a product that will
             | STILL be cheaper does anything except drive inflation.
        
               | oceanplexian wrote:
               | I have family in the furniture industry. Most of these
               | goods imported from overseas are only 10-20% than
               | American made with the side effect of trashing the
               | environment in the race to the bottom. 20 years ago it
               | was all made in the USA. Building a coffee table is not
               | like building a chip fab.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | People will buy less of it. This is literally the
               | degrowth approach for climate change mitigation put into
               | practice.
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | Maybe we need the political will to _credibly threaten_ with
         | high tariffs, but you could scratch the same itch by sequencing
         | the lumber 's genome on receipt and checking it against a
         | registry of plantation-grown species maintained by companies
         | known to have paid for whatever environmental auditing we
         | require of our lumber imports.
         | 
         | Trying to do that with tariffs creates a situation where only
         | domestic companies are able to break the rules--which of course
         | they're going to do domestically. I don't want to buy things
         | that are harming Cambodia, but substituting them with things
         | that are harming America is not any better.
        
       | greenavocado wrote:
       | I find it somewhat ironic and hilarious that Americans depend on
       | wood from across an ocean when Canada is right there and is
       | covered by trees on at least 80% of its land
        
         | vinay427 wrote:
         | Canada is the largest foreign source of wood for the US, so I'm
         | not sure where the irony is. They don't grow much acacia or
         | eucalyptus as far as I'm aware.
         | 
         | https://oec.world/en/profile/bilateral-product/wood-products...
        
       | nsxwolf wrote:
       | 10 years ago someone would be proposing how the blockchain could
       | solve this problem.
        
         | declan_roberts wrote:
         | Don't give them any ideas.
        
         | usrnm wrote:
         | That's clearly stupid. What we should do is use AI, this is a
         | much better idea
        
         | washadjeffmad wrote:
         | I just sold an NFT of this comment.
        
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