[HN Gopher] I was banned from the hCaptcha accessibility account...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       I was banned from the hCaptcha accessibility account for not being
       blind (2023)
        
       Author : blindgeek
       Score  : 319 points
       Date   : 2024-11-18 10:13 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (michaels.world)
 (TXT) w3m dump (michaels.world)
        
       | blindgeek wrote:
       | The author was essentially too smart to be blind.
        
         | yorwba wrote:
         | I wonder whether talking about "looking at the javascript
         | console" somehow made them think that this person cannot
         | possibly be blind, since how could a blind person "see" the
         | JavaScript console? (But "having my screen reader read the
         | content of the JavaScript console to me" is a bit of a
         | mouthful.)
        
           | blindgeek wrote:
           | You know, that's a good point, and it hadn't occurred to me.
           | For the overwhelming majority of blind people, language like
           | "looked at" is just metaphorical. I mean, all language is
           | symbolic anyway. The map is not the territory and the menu is
           | not the dinner. Some of us are taught very young to use
           | common terms like look in that kind of a metaphorical way.
           | Partially so that we fit in and are comfortable with the rest
           | of sighted culture. And then once in a great while, we get
           | condescended to for it. There's a really good example of this
           | in the second season episode of DS9, _The Alternate_.
           | 
           | ``` ODO It was a dilemma for me. I'd never seen anything like
           | these creatures either.                    MORA        "Seen"
           | isn't really an appropriate         description.  He had no
           | eyes per         se...               ODO        I was only
           | trying to describe it in         simple terms...
           | MORA         (ignoring that)        He had never perceived
           | anything like         us before... go on...
           | 
           | ```
           | 
           | I can pretty much guarantee that _every_ blind person has had
           | a condescending, patronizing douche canoe like Mora in their
           | life at least once.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Even as a sighted person, "look at" is often metamorphic -
             | you can interview an expert over the phone and say you
             | looked into the subject even though the only looking was
             | around the phone number.
        
               | lagadu wrote:
               | When someone recommends me an album or artist I "take a
               | look" at it: I listen to it. Though now that I think
               | about it, I wouldn't say that in my other languages.
        
             | pbronez wrote:
             | I suppose one could say "observed" as a sense-neutral
             | alternative to see / hear. Might be a worthwhile language
             | shift, similar to using "they" as a gender-neutral
             | alternative to "he" and "her".
             | 
             | We usually talk about the inclusion benefits of neutral
             | language. It can also be valuable by making specific terms
             | more meaningful when used appropriately. If I know you
             | usually say "they", then when you choose to say "he" I get
             | more information -- there's a clear gender expression.
             | Similarly, if you usually say "observe", then when you say
             | "see" I know we're specifically talking about vision.
             | 
             | Of course, it's an awkward transition. It's hard to get
             | used to "they/them" and saying "I observed a delicious
             | aroma" sounds like a robot impersonating a person.
        
               | blindgeek wrote:
               | It's notable that the majority of the people who would be
               | "included" by the change to "more inclusive" language
               | aren't offended in the first place. The sentence "I am
               | watching TV" literally offended no blind person, evah. It
               | is only sighted do-gooders who have the spoons to be
               | offended by nothingburgers on our behalf. We're too busy
               | dealing with stuff like, ... I dunno, landlords who
               | refuse to rent to us because all they have is second
               | story units and we might fall down the stairs. Yes this
               | actually happened to me in 2000 or so, and I don't have
               | enough faith in human intelligence to believe that it
               | isn't happening today. We're too busy being oppressed by
               | captchas and websites made by frontend devs who seem to
               | care more about chasing JavaScript framework du jour than
               | they care about accessibility. We're busy struggling
               | against a built physical environment which has been
               | designed for cars and not people. The supposedly non-
               | inclusive language of "I watched TV" or "I looked at my
               | browser's JS console" aren't even on our radar.
               | 
               | I coined the term "Sapir-Whorf Stalinists" a few weeks
               | ago to describe the sort of people who think that
               | monkeying with language will magically make things better
               | for marginalized groups.
               | 
               | Here's Lee Atwater talking about the Southern Strategy:
               | 
               | > You start out in 1954 by saying, "Nigger, nigger, >
               | nigger." By 1968 you can't say "nigger"--that hurts you,
               | backfires. > So you say stuff like, uh, forced busing,
               | states' rights, and all that stuff, > and you're getting
               | so abstract. Now, you're talking about cutting taxes, >
               | and all these things you're talking about are totally
               | economic things and a > byproduct of them is, blacks get
               | hurt worse than whites.... "We want to cut > this," is
               | much more abstract than even the busing thing, uh, > and
               | a hell of a lot more abstract than "Nigger, nigger."
        
             | Lerc wrote:
             | This is how use of language concealed aphantasia for so
             | long. When you use a word in a context similar to how
             | another used it in that context there seems to be a
             | presumption that the subjective experience is the same in
             | that context.
             | 
             | Given how we learn languages and words based upon
             | encountering them in contexts, it makes sense that terms
             | that we use in outwardly similar contexts reflect the
             | subjective experience that each of us relate to those
             | terms. We don't have access to another's subjective
             | experience so I can see how it would encourage the
             | assumption that we all perceive things the same way.
             | 
             | There might be many undetected variances in perception akin
             | to aphantasia lurking in us waiting to be discovered.
        
               | blindgeek wrote:
               | Here's the thing. We're talking about people who are the
               | accessibility team for hCaptcha. They should at least
               | have a figleaf of an understanding of life for blind
               | people.
               | 
               | The other problem we have is that online companies tend
               | to be accountable to no one. Short of law suits, my
               | friend who got banned from hCaptcha for "not being blind"
               | has no recourse, because nobody is accountable.
        
               | rascul wrote:
               | Lawsuits are how that's solved in the physical world
               | also.
        
           | RandallBrown wrote:
           | I'd bet that's exactly what happened.
        
         | jesterswilde wrote:
         | Gwahahha, succinct. I run into this far too often. Being in
         | places or doing things I (blind guy) "shouldn't be", thus, am
         | not blind.
        
       | soraminazuki wrote:
       | The title kind of makes it appear far less of a problem than it
       | actually is, because according to the article, hCaptcha made
       | multiple rude and evidence-free accusations of lying despite the
       | author actually being blind.
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | Remember that from hCaptcha's point of view, by this point
         | they've probably dealt with hundreds of other people claiming
         | that they are blind when they really aren't, so their bots will
         | work.
         | 
         | This isn't a defense, just an explanation... but it is also an
         | explanation of why the entire idea of "we'll not give blind
         | people a way past the CAPTCHA but just give a pass to 'real'
         | blind people so we can pass ADA", which is that it should have
         | been transparently obvious that this approach is completely
         | infeasible and unscalable. As big as Google, Facebook, or
         | Amazon are, _they_ would struggle under the load of trying to
         | create a system for determining who is  "truly" blind... and
         | that's still true if we ignore questions like exactly what
         | "blind" is anyhow.
         | 
         | This shouldn't have gotten deployed and then become a problem;
         | it should have been a 5 minute diversion in the meeting where
         | it was proposed to analyze it's completely infeasible and never
         | made it to so much as the design phase, let alone the
         | deployment phase.
         | 
         | If you had a system for completely accurately identifying
         | characteristics like "who is blind" in the presence of
         | _extremely hostile_ attacks on the system, you 'd have
         | something far more valuable than the CAPTCHA system itself! The
         | whole idea intrinsically depends on having a stronger solution
         | to the problems CAPTCHAs are meant to solve than the CAPTCHA
         | system itself provides... it's fundamentally a logically
         | unsound idea.
        
           | anotherhue wrote:
           | > If you had a system for completely accurately identifying
           | characteristics like "who is blind" in the presence of
           | extremely hostile attacks on the system, you'd have something
           | far more valuable than the CAPTCHA system itself!
           | 
           | You are unfortunately describing worldcoin.
        
             | KETHERCORTEX wrote:
             | Worldcoin? Government issued auth service is a viable
             | option too. Just get some flag like "isBlind" in it.
             | Disabled status is granted by the government after all.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | > something far more valuable than the CAPTCHA system itsel
           | 
           | In terms of CAPTCHAs being valuable - the other day I
           | couldn't for the life of me solve a captcha. It was one of
           | those "Solve the implicit question in the picture" kind where
           | it can be hard to tell what it's even asking you to do.
           | 
           | So I took a screenshot and put it in chatgpt. Got it right
           | immediately.
           | 
           | The real detection mechanism is that you're moving your
           | mouse, thinking, and generally being slower than a bot
           | anyway. The captcha itself is just a pointless annoyance.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | This is a problem so chronic across so many fields that I
           | wish there was single term to describe it.
           | 
           | User POV :"Wow, provider is a really shitty entity and had no
           | respect for my legitimate problem."
           | 
           | Provider POV: "We get a huge number of illegitimate claims
           | identical to legitimate ones regularly, the system would
           | collapse if we didn't do heavy triage, the problem is the
           | level of abuse, not a moral bankruptcy on our part."
           | 
           | I suppose "this is why we can't have nice things" captures
           | some of it.
        
             | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
             | The actual problem is that Provider real POV is actually:
             | "We already do the bare minimum required by the law and you
             | are too insignificant to damage our reputation. It would
             | actually cost our shareholders money to do more so please
             | go die in silence somewhere else and stop bothering us.
             | Replying to you costs us money too."
             | 
             | This kind of article is actually useful because it raises
             | the risk of actual reputational damage thus encouraging
             | companies to do more.
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | This is just an indication that their process is wrong. (Or
             | in this case, their entire reason to exist is wrong.)
        
             | cwillu wrote:
             | "Moral bankruptcy" seems like a quite apt description of
             | the state of affairs of being unable to afford to operate
             | morally at a given level of scale.
             | 
             | Scaling is not a right.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | > Scaling is not a right.
               | 
               | God I wish this could be plastered in letters 1000 feet
               | high above Silicon Valley.
        
             | account42 wrote:
             | In cases like this the provider is someone I don't want to
             | have any business with in the first place. I don't care how
             | hard reliable CAPTCHAs are to implement and as a user I
             | shouldn't have to.
        
             | dataflow wrote:
             | The problem is that this very problem also happens
             | simultaneously in the reverse direction. i.e. people have
             | to deal with so many awful entities screwing them over due
             | to sheer self-interest, negligence, or even malice, that
             | they have a hard time knowing which ones legitimately are
             | trying their best and genuinely don't have a better
             | solution.
             | 
             | That's what happens when trust erodes, and why we can't
             | have nice things.
             | 
             | If anyone should be be more understanding and absorb the
             | costs to appease the other, it's probably the big corp, not
             | the little guy.
        
             | miki123211 wrote:
             | What users don't see is that a single good actor will make,
             | at most, a dozen such claims in their life, while a
             | malicious one might literally make hundreds of them a day.
             | The scales are different, by orders of magnitude.
             | 
             | It's not unimaginable that just 0.001% of your users (in
             | terms of actual humans / entities physically using your
             | service) are fraudsters, but 99% of your signup or login
             | attempts / interactions with your service / "I'm not a
             | fraudster, pinky swear" support claims are fraudulent.
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | _> As big as Google, Facebook, or Amazon are, they would
           | struggle under the load of trying to create a system for
           | determining who is  "truly" blind... and that's still true if
           | we ignore questions like exactly what "blind" is anyhow._
           | 
           | In several countries, the government issues certificates of
           | blindness [1] which grant access to certain extra types of
           | support. We don't want severely vision-impaired people being
           | forced to drive, after all!
           | 
           | So there are legal standards for what exactly blind is, and
           | certificates.
           | 
           | The question is whether tech companies are inclined to hire
           | enough people to wrangle the paperwork involved in checking
           | such certificates, worldwide.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.mass.gov/info-details/benefits-for-people-
           | who-ar...
        
             | inetknght wrote:
             | > _So there are legal standards for what exactly blind is,
             | and certificates._
             | 
             | In the USA, people are not yet required to provide
             | identification when signing up for "free" services. There
             | are real concerns around privacy.
             | 
             | A certification of blindness is exactly one of those
             | privacy concerns, being a medical issue. You think it would
             | be a good idea to give that private information to the
             | criminal organizations of big tech?
        
               | Scarblac wrote:
               | These are already users that _want_ to let the company
               | know that they are blind in order to qualify for special
               | treatment. In that case showing the certificate doesn 't
               | seem to be much of an extra privacy issue to me.
        
               | RobMurray wrote:
               | Accessibility isn't special treatment! As I said before I
               | would never provide proof of identity to simply access a
               | website.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | > _Accessibility isn 't special treatment!_
               | 
               | Perhaps not in all cases, but it can be. This article is
               | literally about special treatment for accessibility
               | purposes.
               | 
               | It's of course debatable if this is how things _should_
               | be, but that 's another discussion.
        
               | soraminazuki wrote:
               | Nah, it's the companies that's demanding proof over
               | what's basically sane treatment rather than users wanting
               | to surrender their medical info.
        
             | jerf wrote:
             | If "having a government identity" was a solution to the
             | identity problem, it would be solved.
             | 
             | It is not solved.
             | 
             | That is at most the beginning of a solution to the problem.
             | 
             | And in practice, it is little more than the beginning of
             | the problem, as the government's definition of blindness is
             | very unlikely to be a precise match to "has problems
             | completing our visual CAPTCHA", and if multiple governments
             | have standards there is no chance they will match.
             | 
             | Do not underestimate the resilience and resourcefulness of
             | scammers. They aren't just some individuals here and there
             | who decide one day that they could make a couple extra
             | bucks spamming people, and just sort of start sending out
             | whatever scam strikes their fancy. They're international
             | businesses with engineering teams, and a constant feed of
             | low-level operatives who can scam governments about how
             | blind they are if the governments leave _any_ hole in their
             | system. They 're thousands of people dedicating their full
             | human-level intelligence to the task of defeating your
             | system and extracting the value from it. They are not as
             | easy to defeat as "let's just put the obvious certification
             | in place", for the same reason that the CAPTCHA problem
             | isn't solved with "Let's just issue everyone official
             | identities".
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | _> They 're international businesses with engineering
               | teams, and a constant feed of low-level operatives who
               | can scam governments about how blind they are if the
               | governments leave any hole in their system._
               | 
               | I don't know about your country, but in my country the
               | government is pretty keen on avoiding abuses of the
               | benefits system. After all, a blind person gets tax
               | breaks and cash benefits totalling about $5000/year.
               | 
               | So the existing system is used to dealing with
               | financially motivated adversaries. I doubt the additional
               | financial motivation of being able to bypass hCaptcha
               | would mean much, in comparison.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | This is a moot point anyways because the Americans with
             | Disabilities act bans businesses from asking people about
             | their specific disabilities. Asking for proof of blindness
             | will almost certainly be in contravention of that.
        
           | RobMurray wrote:
           | I am perfectly happy with having to prove that I am blind to
           | get my bus pass, but if It was necessary to access a website
           | I would just not use that site. Lets hope it never gets that
           | bad. There's always Anticaptcha to fall back on, but I hate
           | their business model.
        
           | miki123211 wrote:
           | What is your suggested alternative?
           | 
           | Audio captchas are inherently discriminatory to those with
           | hearing issues or those that don't speak the 5 supported
           | languages. They're also somewhat easy to solve with ASR
           | models now. Text captchas are incredibly easy to solve with
           | LLMs.
           | 
           | The only other alternative I see is some incredible tracking
           | / surveillance machine (think an actual non-browser app that
           | you have to run on your computer), but is that really what we
           | want?
        
             | jabroni_salad wrote:
             | I'm actually pretty okay with the zero click cloudflare
             | dealios and prosopo PoW captchas. You can make websites
             | that simply do not have visual puzzles on them at all.
             | 
             | Every now and then turnstile does get a little borked but I
             | can honestly say that I would rather just do without
             | whatever I was trying to do than click 7 motorcycles.
             | Hcaptcha and recaptcha are becoming my personal brown M&M
             | indicator for additional bad user experiences in a given
             | web property.
        
       | garbanz0 wrote:
       | That smells illegal.
        
       | Spivak wrote:
       | This has got to be an open-and-shut lawsuit if the author wants
       | to pursue it. T&C doesn't shield you from the ADA.
        
       | lupusreal wrote:
       | I hope AI stuff makes captchas completely obsolete soon. I am
       | sick of them. The cure is worse than the disease.
        
         | edm0nd wrote:
         | Captchas have been obsolete for the past decade plus.
         | 
         | With solving services like DeathByCaptcha and AntiCaptcha, it
         | takes seconds to solve them. It costs something like $1.90 per
         | 1,000 successfully solved captchas using human typers and OCR.
         | It can easily be rolled into your code with a few lines.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | AI stuff is why CAPTCHAs exist. It's also why they've gotten so
         | much worse the last few years.
         | 
         | CAPTCHAs are going to get much worse before they're replaced by
         | account paywalls or remote hardware attestation.
        
         | exe34 wrote:
         | AI are already much better at them than I am.
        
         | xdennis wrote:
         | But surely, it's only going to get worse: it will force the de-
         | anonymization of the internet. You already have to provide a
         | phone number for many services.
         | 
         | If websites can't trust that their users are authentic they
         | will probably institute even more intrusive checks.
         | 
         | I haven't been optimistic about the future of technology for a
         | while now. :'(
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | In the future I think we will again go to
           | "notarization"/"attestation" of the operating system /
           | hardware.
           | 
           | Essentially, the manufacturer of the device + operating
           | system will generate a unique signature per each device, and
           | web browsers will be able to access it.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_Environment_Integrity
        
             | slooonz wrote:
             | How does that works for, say, Chromium or Firefox on Linux
             | ?
        
               | rvnx wrote:
               | I believe the plan was to ask the TPM of the computer.
               | 
               | From what I understood, each TPM has a unique
               | private/public key pair (Endorsement Key (EK)), and then
               | this key is certified by the manufacturer of the TPM.
               | 
               | From there, you can generate a Attestation Keys, and
               | these keys are signed by the EK.
               | 
               | https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/235148/whats
               | -th...
               | 
               | So essentially, at the end of the day, Chromium would ask
               | the TPM for attestation, and it would act as a unique
               | Device ID.
               | 
               | Then they can allow only a selected list of TPM
               | manufacturers certificates, to prevent emulators for
               | example.
               | 
               | TL;DR: Chromium on Linux would ask the TPM chip for a
               | signature, and each TPM chip has a different signature
               | from the moment it is out of the factory.
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | I'm very grateful the WEI proposals were put down. It'd
             | have an enormous privacy impact on normal users, and not
             | give that much protection against bad actors using device
             | farms & similar tools.
        
               | blindgeek wrote:
               | But the WEI proposals were never about protecting from
               | bad actors with device farms. They were always about
               | guaranteeing that a certain ad company who also makes
               | browsers can always push ads to users, thus maximizing
               | value for shareholders. Protecting from device farms was
               | just the bait.
        
               | marcosdumay wrote:
               | Oh, the really bad part of WEI is not the privacy impact.
               | 
               | The real thing is the gating of every kind of information
               | exchange and treatment in the hands of a few entities,
               | that get the power to say who will participate on those
               | activities and doing exactly what.
               | 
               | That is, the complete elimination of the freedom of
               | association and initiative from our society. At least
               | around any one of those that involve computers.
               | 
               | The lost of privacy is a rounding error.
        
         | remram wrote:
         | CAPTCHAs already don't work. If they are not annoying enough to
         | turn your customers away, they are very easy for an attacker to
         | pay people to solve.
        
       | Rastonbury wrote:
       | Some captchas are getting pretty discriminatory, not everyone
       | lives in the West and can identify the objects they are asking
       | you to. Another recent one sticks out where they asked me to pick
       | a shape as the same number of conoids on screen. If you ask
       | people on a street what a conoids I bet a significant amount will
       | give you blank looks
       | 
       | Also at least now I know some people call those markings
       | crosswalks
        
         | ta1243 wrote:
         | Sorry I live in the west, what's a "crosswalk"
         | 
         | Did you mean to say
         | 
         | > not everyone lives in the USA
         | 
         | Other things I don't have a clue about - a fire hydrant, yellow
         | taxis, yellow buses
         | 
         | (Obviously I do, because of American cultural imperialism
         | through things like Captchas which mean the world has to
         | understand American cultural touchstones)
        
           | slater wrote:
           | Please enter your five-digit ZIP code
        
             | bux93 wrote:
             | 90210
             | 
             | (Cue theme music in mind's ear)
        
               | thebruce87m wrote:
               | That's my zip code too, along with millions of others who
               | live outside the US. Haven't needed to use it for a
               | while.
        
             | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
             | Mandatory "state" field on forms - if it allows any string
             | I usually enter "mostly liquid"
        
               | OptionOfT wrote:
               | For me it is "constant despair".
        
             | croisillon wrote:
             | did you know that the ZIP code for both Paris Texas and
             | Paris France start with 75xxx
        
               | KETHERCORTEX wrote:
               | Well, France doesn't have Zone Improvement Plan codes. It
               | is somewhat annoying to fill forms on websites with "ZIP
               | code" in them for people outside US. They aren't called
               | this way anywhere else (except for one or two countries).
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Which you can then compress into a postcode file
             | 
             | #internationalisation
             | 
             | https://www.reddit.com/r/CasualUK/comments/12cwylk/microsof
             | t...
        
             | alex7o wrote:
             | SE1 9QN is my postcode what 5 number?
        
           | nmeofthestate wrote:
           | Don't have a cow dude.
        
           | zeroonetwothree wrote:
           | Ah yes those American imperialists with their cultural
           | touchstones of fire hydrants. Why are they always forcing
           | those fire hydrants into other cultures.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | In many countries fire hydrants are underground, under an
             | iron or concrete cover. There's very little to see on the
             | street.
             | 
             | There might or might not be a sign marking the location.
             | 
             | Sweden: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fire_hy
             | drants_in...
             | 
             | UK: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fire_hydran
             | ts_in...
             | 
             | It's also not necessarily relevant to worry about blocking
             | one when parking a car.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | Most UK hydrants are at junctions where its already
               | illegal to park... come to think of it, I think USA ones
               | are maybe mostly at junctions (in the media I've seen)?
               | Are you allowed to park at junctions in USA?
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Maybe the standard international signs are more easily
           | recognised by machines anyway, but if not it will be
           | interesting when Google and others start needing Captcha
           | help.
           | 
           | Americans will need to learn what speed limit, parking
           | prohibition and pedestrian crossing signs look like in the
           | rest of the world, as well as realizing buses and taxis come
           | in more colours.
        
             | reaperducer wrote:
             | _Americans will need to learn what speed limit, parking
             | prohibition and pedestrian crossing signs look like in the
             | rest of the world_
             | 
             | If you think this is a binary America/Rest of the World
             | problem, then you haven't visited very much of the "rest of
             | the world" and noticed that every place is full of
             | variations.
        
           | jstanley wrote:
           | You don't think you could identify yellow buses without
           | cultural knowledge?
           | 
           | I think simply knowing "yellow" and "buses" would suffice.
        
             | dkdbejwi383 wrote:
             | It's hard to really say objectively, as the strange yellow
             | American school bus is kind of an iconic image - perhaps
             | because it looks so different to a regular public transport
             | bus as seen around the rest of the world.
        
             | itishappy wrote:
             | Does DHL delivery via yellow busses?
        
               | wccrawford wrote:
               | Does anyone deliver anything except people via "busses"?
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Well yes, how else do you get the mail?
        
               | Toorkit wrote:
               | Those are called Vans.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | In the US.
               | 
               | And then there's "shuttle", I believe the US has at least
               | one kind of thing called "shuttle" for every possible
               | mode of transport, including orbital flight.
        
               | itishappy wrote:
               | Oh, vans! Of course, who could mistake those?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_van
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_utility_van
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Despite the name, you can't deliver people over the
               | Universal Serial Bus.
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | Don't they have postbuses in some countries that do all
               | types of delivery including people and mail, alpenhorns
               | and cheese and that kinda thing??
        
           | RobMurray wrote:
           | And audio Captchas are in English. I suppose blind people who
           | don't speak English or have any kind of hearing difficulty
           | don't deserve accessibility.
        
           | smitelli wrote:
           | I distinctly remember a captcha which asked me to identify
           | fire hydrants. Some of the pictures were hydrants, while
           | others were standpipes. These are different things, and I
           | answered accordingly.
           | 
           | The service refused to acknowledge my humanity until I
           | relented that a standpipe was a hydrant. If at some future
           | date any of us burn to death due to an automated fire truck
           | that misbehaved due to this, we'll know why.
        
             | seanhunter wrote:
             | Yup - I recognize this problem. I am a motorcyclist and I
             | frequently have to grit my teeth and misidentify scooters
             | as motorcycles if I want to get past captcha.
             | 
             | For non-bikers, a scooter has an automated gearbox and
             | small wheels etc. Think vespa.
             | 
             | In the UK at least they are generally a different category
             | of license, although that's because of the size of a
             | standard scooter engine.
        
               | jachee wrote:
               | It's a squares/rectangles issue.
               | 
               | Scooters are cycles that have motors, and are thus
               | motorcycles in the most-inclusive definition of such.
        
               | TeMPOraL wrote:
               | FWIW, I went out looking for a better category (something
               | more like "two-wheeler" but without the engine), and
               | discovered that Wikipedia _actually agrees that scooters
               | are motorcycles_.
        
               | bredren wrote:
               | Scooters are arguably more like traditional motorcycles
               | than ebikes.
               | 
               | Reminds me of this scene from Police Academy 3:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cil6HFXlccw
        
               | arcanemachiner wrote:
               | My rationale is that they're teaching cars what things
               | they shouldn't drive into, so I'm pretty liberal with
               | what constitutes a motorcycle, including the person on
               | top.
        
               | gsk22 wrote:
               | Except scooters are literally motorcycles? From
               | Wikipedia:
               | 
               | > A scooter (motor scooter) is a motorcycle with an
               | underbone or step-through frame, ....
               | 
               | Scooters are often legally motorcycles as well. For
               | example, I had to get a motorcycle endorsement on my
               | license for a scooter I owned, because the engine
               | displacement was too large for the extremely restrictive
               | "moped" category in my state.
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | They're not really considered as such by motorcycle
               | people, for decent reasons too. Scooters generally have
               | rather different ergonomics and controls, notably CVTs
               | rather than manual transmissions for "proper"
               | motorcycles. Overall a pretty different experience to
               | ride. There's not really a good umbrella term, either,
               | though.
        
             | jeltz wrote:
             | Fire hydrants in my country are virtually always in the
             | ground covered by a steel lid. The only reason I know the
             | answer is American popular culture.
             | 
             | https://fev.se/images/18.7ea68079182e95d391364a41/166366862
             | 7...
        
           | mapt wrote:
           | Unfortunately, even understanding these things, on a shared
           | connection it might take you literally two or three minutes
           | of captcha work before Google recognizes your personhood.
           | 
           | Am I identifying the boxes wrong? Am I doing it too fast?
           | Where do "Stairs" begin and end? Does a motorcycle include
           | its rider? Or is Google just fucking with me and failing me
           | on purpose?
           | 
           | My workplace had a period this year where captcha was put
           | into the cashier checkout process.
        
             | danaris wrote:
             | And while it's not quite the same kind of CAPTCHA, I've not
             | infrequently run into Cloudflare "prove you're human"
             | screens that just...never let me through. I click the box,
             | it loads for a second, turns into a nice checkmark, and
             | then...reloads the "prove you're human" page. Infinite loop
             | (as far as I can tell, anyway, not having infinite time).
        
               | alwayslikethis wrote:
               | Firefox RFP? That sometimes does it
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | I forget what extension was doing this for me, but I
               | _think_ this was down to an extension blocking autoload
               | /play. Try disabling your extensions down to ublock and
               | slowly adding them back.
        
           | reaperducer wrote:
           | _Other things I don 't have a clue about - a fire hydrant_
           | 
           | Even within the United States, fire hydrants vary greatly
           | from city to city.
           | 
           | I remember the first time I moved to a city that had those
           | little squatty dark blue ones. I thought they were water main
           | access points.
           | 
           | It's interesting to see so many people on HN assessing that
           | captchas are biased toward American culture. Very frequently
           | I get captchas that include things I don't know, and when I
           | look them up, they turn out to be Indian in origin.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | Is a coach a bus? Honestly, I'm not sure what makes them
           | different, if you pressed me I think I'd say a coach has
           | luggage compartments underneath. A UK coach is not a bus...
           | although Megabus run mostly coaches, and Stagecoach run
           | mostly buses.
           | 
           | Is a scooter a motorcycle, what about a pedal-and-pop, an
           | ebike? Is the backbox (rear carrier) part of the motorcycle?
           | 
           | Is a single light at a junction, ahem intersection, a traffic
           | light? Is the outer-container part of the "light"? What about
           | the lights for pedestrians, are they part of the traffic
           | light?
           | 
           | Are house steps, that don't carry you to a different storey,
           | still stairs? Is a single step also stairs?
           | 
           | Are fire hydrants always red?
           | 
           | So, yeah, usually I just leave the website and come back to
           | HN.
        
         | joveian wrote:
         | Also, if you use a larger minimum font size often the text
         | describing the thing you are supposed to select is under the
         | image and unreadable. With hCaptcha it varies depending on the
         | size of the popup window with the captcha and Google seems to
         | reliably show just the top (barely enough to figure it out most
         | of the time).
        
         | croes wrote:
         | But on the internet the answer to ,,what is a conoid" is just a
         | web search away.
         | 
         | The bigger problem is when other options of a captcha fit in
         | another cultural context.
         | 
         | Taxi colors are an example for that.
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | >But on the internet the answer to ,,what is a conoid" is
           | just a web search away.
           | 
           | When I search, the whole first page of google is essentially
           | "things that are shaped like cones", I have no idea what that
           | would be in response to one of those image captchas that show
           | traffic and buildings.
        
           | rovr138 wrote:
           | > A conoid is a ruled surface whose rulings are parallel to a
           | plane (called the directrix plane) and intersect a fixed line
           | (called the axis of the conoid) (Gellert et al. 1989, p.
           | 202). Examples include the circular conoid, helicoid,
           | hyperbolic paraboloid, parabolic conoid, Plucker conoid,
           | right circular conoid, Wallis's conical edge, Whitney
           | umbrella, and Zindler conoid. If the axis is perpendicular to
           | the directrix plane, the conoid is called a right conoid
           | (Gray et al. 2006, p. 436).
           | 
           | https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Conoid.html
        
           | gus_massa wrote:
           | I got mathematical surfaces like
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conoid To get the correct image
           | I had to search _conoid street_. Anyway, I guessed they were
           | those red cone shaped things that people put on the street
           | and I 'm not sure how they are call even is Spanish (probably
           | _conos_ or _balizas_ ).
        
           | TeMPOraL wrote:
           | > _But on the internet the answer to ,,what is a conoid" is
           | just a web search away._
           | 
           | Not when it's your search engine that's asking you to
           | identify conoids.
        
         | Aardwolf wrote:
         | Also asking things about US traffic signs or markings in
         | countries with different looking traffic signs
        
         | dizhn wrote:
         | I routinely have problems with closeup images. To this day I
         | don't know how much of the object I should be selecting? Also
         | what is a traffic light? Is the pole part of it or not?
         | Motorcycles seem to be hard too.
         | 
         | Once it showed me a picture of steps nothing but steps. I think
         | I marked like 15 boxes.
        
           | Wowfunhappy wrote:
           | > To this day I don't know how much of the object I should be
           | selecting? Also what is a traffic light? Is the pole part of
           | it or not? Motorcycles seem to be hard too.
           | 
           | I have always assumed this was purposefully ambiguous. The
           | right answer is whatever a majority of humans will answer
           | when presented with the same picture.
        
             | sml156 wrote:
             | I don't think the majority of people on earth would base
             | all their captchas on things only found in America
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | The majority of people will still cluster around the same
               | best guesses, and that's all that matters to the
               | algorithm.
               | 
               | Yes, it's annoying, but that doesn't matter to the
               | algorithm.
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | If you think you're failing the captchas because you're doing
           | them wrong, think again. Google captcha _intentionally_ fails
           | you a couple times if they don 't have enough tracking info
           | to determine that you're legit. So you solve the captcha
           | correctly but are still lied to that "you've failed to solve
           | the captcha, try again".
           | 
           | That and the "fading images slowly to pretend like you have
           | bad internet" thing. Disgusting behaviour
        
             | oniony wrote:
             | Maybe they purposely load the images slowly to make it more
             | expensive for the bot owners.
        
               | reginald78 wrote:
               | Also just catches people they think might be bots.
               | 
               | I've definitely encountered captcha tarpit logins before
               | that could never be solved until I changed VPN endpoint.
               | I was never getting in.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | I kinda don't understand why we still have captchas.
               | We've solved the asymmetric problem with proof-of-work;
               | just make somebody solve something trivial so they spend
               | more resources than you do.
               | 
               | Like if a bot requests your page 1/day its not a problem;
               | but if they want to request it 1/ms then the proof-of-
               | work becomes too much for them and its transparent to a
               | person.
        
               | dizhn wrote:
               | It might be an incentive to make people stay logged into
               | their accounts. This wouldn't be hole reason but I am
               | sure it's part of it. I used another laptop with a VPN
               | for a few days and what used to be smooth experiences
               | turned into a shit ton of "log in to prove you're not a
               | robot". Both Reddit and Youtube did this.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | They don't. They load the images and then have js to fade
               | them slooooowly. It's pernicious precisely because of
               | that: its purpose is to annoy humans while being
               | completely useless to thwart bots.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I'm never that consistent and usually get through. I think
           | they are looking at things like mouse acceleration,
           | smoothness, etc. rather than the actual answer to the
           | questions.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | They don't let you pass if you don't answer roughly
             | correctly.
        
         | Suppafly wrote:
         | >conoids
         | 
         | Things that are shaped like cones?
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | I have lived in the West my whole life, and am reasonably well
         | educated, and have never heard the word conoids in my life.
        
           | mock-possum wrote:
           | Sure, but you can imagine pretty easily what a 'conoid' would
           | be, right? 'Sphereoid' would be something sphere-like,
           | 'mongoloid' is something mongol-like, 'freakazoid' is
           | something freaky...
           | 
           | it's pretty clear from context that 'conoid' means 'like a
           | cone' isn't it?
        
             | TylerE wrote:
             | But is it a geometrical cone, a conifer tree like thing, a
             | psuedo-control device, or what.
             | 
             | I consider my self pretty literate (I was assessed as
             | reading at a college level by the 4th grade), and I've
             | never heard that word.
             | 
             | More importantly, they can look _absolutely nothing like
             | cones_.
             | 
             | Would you identify this as "cone like" if it wasn't for the
             | URL?
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conoid#/media/File:Pluecker-
             | co...
        
         | jillyboel wrote:
         | I live in "the West" but English isn't my main language. I have
         | no idea what a conoid is.
        
           | rovr138 wrote:
           | > A conoid is a ruled surface whose rulings are parallel to a
           | plane (called the directrix plane) and intersect a fixed line
           | (called the axis of the conoid) (Gellert et al. 1989, p.
           | 202). Examples include the circular conoid, helicoid,
           | hyperbolic paraboloid, parabolic conoid, Plucker conoid,
           | right circular conoid, Wallis's conical edge, Whitney
           | umbrella, and Zindler conoid. If the axis is perpendicular to
           | the directrix plane, the conoid is called a right conoid
           | (Gray et al. 2006, p. 436).
           | 
           | https://mathworld.wolfram.com/Conoid.html
           | 
           | so, a surface with stripes - example
           | https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1366651
        
           | BenjiWiebe wrote:
           | I live in the US, English is my only language. I could
           | probably guess what a conoid is, but I don't actually know
           | (until reading these comments).
        
         | wing-_-nuts wrote:
         | I've just resorted to flipping over to the audio captcha. Yes,
         | solving the first one takes more time, but you pretty much get
         | it right the first time and you're not wasting your life
         | wondering if 2cm of a fire hydrant is enough to label a square
         | as having a fire hydrant.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I am Googling "conoid" right now and I still can't even imagine
         | what it's supposed to be.
         | 
         | The Google dictionary says it's a _zoological_ term
         | "approximately conical in shape".
         | 
         | The Wikipedia panel says "In geometry a conoid is a ruled
         | surface, whose rulings fulfill the additional conditions: All
         | rulings are parallel to a plane, the directrix plane. All
         | rulings intersect a fixed line, the axis." The graphics are...
         | nothing intuitive.
         | 
         | The M-W link in the search results says "a cone-shaped
         | structure; especially : a hollow organelle shaped like a
         | truncated cone that occurs at the anterior end of the
         | organism".
         | 
         | None of this seeming relevant, I clicked on the Image tab and
         | it's all these complicated Mathematica-style graphs of things
         | that are very much _not_ cones.
         | 
         | I see other people in the HN comments similarly have no idea.
         | 
         | Can you please explain what you saw on screen? What did the
         | captcha think was a conoid...? Like, traffic cones or
         | something?
        
           | ayewo wrote:
           | Using the touch pad to long-press on the text "conoid" in my
           | browser brought up the built-in dictionary definition on
           | macOS:
           | 
           | > conoid | 'k@UnoId | mainly Zoology adjective (also conoidal
           | | k@U'noId(@)l | ) approximately conical in shape.
           | 
           | > noun a conoid object: her hull was a conoid, tapering
           | towards the bow.
        
             | recursive wrote:
             | Yeah, that's the zoological definition again.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | > Some captchas are getting pretty discriminatory, not everyone
         | lives in the West and can identify the objects they are asking
         | you to.
         | 
         | Honestly, even living in the West, sometimes I feel like they
         | expect me to have an IQ of 200 just to pass! And, I am sure I
         | pass the Turing test without issues.
        
         | sundarurfriend wrote:
         | Avoiding this is what made hCaptcha popular among a lot of
         | users in the first place. reCaptcha has always been guilty of
         | this, and it doesn't seem like they're taking any steps to
         | improve this US-centred definition of humanity. hCaptcha gave
         | much more general and neutral puzzles that made a lot of people
         | (including me) give a sigh of relief when they encountered a
         | CAPTCHA and it was h and not re.
        
           | RobMurray wrote:
           | recaptcha audio challenge is just a few words (in English)
           | that you have to enter. Might be easier in some
           | circumstances? You can press CTRL to repeat the audio.
        
         | gopher_space wrote:
         | I can't be the only person who's been checking as many wrong
         | answers as I can get away with for the last decade, and I'd be
         | complimented by my conoid-questioning brethren. Captcha seems
         | like it's fully entered a "bear proof garbage can" phase I
         | don't see it escaping.
        
       | nerdponx wrote:
       | Lesson 1 about competing with Google should be "don't be even
       | more disrespectful to your users than Google is". Otherwise
       | people will just use Google.
       | 
       | Relying on the goodwill of a small number of "never-Googlers" to
       | carry your business, in spite of the way you do business, is not
       | a path to success.
       | 
       | While hCaptcha trashes its reputation, the rest of the world will
       | go on using reCaptcha and not giving the faintest whiff of a fart
       | about hCaptcha's existence.
       | 
       | (Side note: the spelling is "intentional", not "intensional".
       | Think "intent" + "-tion" + "-al", not "in-" + "tension" + "-al").
        
       | isodev wrote:
       | Why are captchas even a thing still? If folks want to scrape
       | something or build an automation around something, then why not
       | let them do it? They still have to respect the system they're
       | logging in. Not to mention the privacy perk of not exposing your
       | visitors to some captcha service with a dozen or more data
       | subprocessors.
        
         | dewey wrote:
         | Captchas are used for many things, and the reason they are
         | still a thing is because they mostly work. Especially
         | fingerprinting invisible captchas.
         | 
         | Try having a login form without a captcha and you'll realize
         | you are capturing 100s of users every day that require you to
         | send out a "please confirm your email address" email for each
         | of them for no good reason.
         | 
         | > They still have to respect the system they're logging in.
         | 
         | Your trust in people is admirable, but in my experience running
         | anything on the internet you'll realize that intentionally or
         | not people will bombard your system until it falls over.
        
           | isodev wrote:
           | I think folks forget that we can add many of the safeguards a
           | captchas provide as part of whatever "form serving app" is
           | needed without torturing our visitors to prove they can count
           | bicycles.
        
             | dewey wrote:
             | I think the times of the "count bicycles" type of captcha
             | are already counted just because of the bad user
             | experience. Now everything is about fingerprinting, as
             | paying to get captchas solved by humans or AI is already
             | used everywhere if it's worth it.
        
           | nraynaud wrote:
           | they don't work, robots have a higher speed and success rate
           | than humans.
        
             | dewey wrote:
             | Not everything is black and white. If it's cutting down 50%
             | of the spam that does not have captcha solving robots
             | because the effort is not worth it, that's already
             | something.
             | 
             | There's a reason many site still have very basic
             | captchas...it's good enough for their use case.
        
         | stanmancan wrote:
         | I had to add a captcha to a registration page a couple years
         | ago. Bots were signing up for thousands of fake accounts with
         | other people's email addresses. The email confirmation we sent
         | would then get reported as spam since the recipient didn't sign
         | up for our service. Our email provider suspended our account
         | for high spam reports.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | I hope the other lesson was the good email verification
           | hygiene of making the user take an affirmative action and
           | click a "verify email" button rather then send it
           | unsolicited.
           | 
           | You essentially had an open public unauthed form that would
           | send an email to any address you typed in it. Surely that
           | alone raises some eyebrows.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | How do you authenticate a verify email button?
        
               | klez wrote:
               | It took me a while to understand what GP was trying to
               | say, but I suppose they're thinking of one of those sites
               | where they let you create an account, will let you in and
               | then nag you for a while about "verifying your email
               | address" by clicking a link that will actually send you
               | an email. An unsophisticated spambot won't probably care
               | enough to click through that.
        
             | binarycoffee wrote:
             | Not a solution. Verification emails alone got a small web
             | site I set up to be blacklisted within days. Most of the
             | unwilling recipients presumably couldn't understand the
             | language the verification email was written in and reported
             | it as spam.
        
             | stanmancan wrote:
             | How would adding an extra button change anything? Right now
             | when they register we send a "verify email address" email.
             | Adding an extra step of "click a button" makes no
             | meaningful difference.
        
           | reginald78 wrote:
           | What's is the play by the spammers here? Is it a direct
           | attack on your website, perhaps because they were
           | competitors? Or are they hoping that 1% of spammed email
           | addresses will accidentally verify their email?
        
             | stanmancan wrote:
             | No clue to be honest; I just added a captcha and moved on
             | with life. It's a small side project so it wasn't worth
             | investing.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | Because despite ZIRP being long over, there are still plenty of
         | people/companies making money off "engagement" - aka wasting a
         | _human 's_ time. Automation/scraping/etc would go around that.
        
           | spacebanana7 wrote:
           | There're also more good faith use cases like stopping credit
           | card testing, ticket reselling and forum spam.
        
           | isodev wrote:
           | I feel folks forget that whatever captchas do (or a large
           | portion of), can be a library without the need for a strange,
           | inaccessible 3rd party service call.
        
         | hifromwork wrote:
         | I assume you never tried to add a contact form to your website.
         | 
         | Explanation: I did, and within a few days bots started sending
         | me spam using that form. I just added a trivial captcha
         | (hardcoded '2+3=' question), but if my scale was bigger that
         | would be untenable. Think also of PM spam, autoregistering
         | accounts to abuse free tiers, etc.
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | I guess I just wouldn't have an open unauthed form and
           | require a CC to use the free-tier. The contact-me form can
           | just be a mailto: link and let the spammers go through the
           | spam filter like everyone else. There are places where
           | captchas is all you can really do but it's not like common
           | use-cases don't have other options.
        
             | hluska wrote:
             | You want to put a credit card form in front of a contact
             | form?
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | There are less annoying alternatives. Things like honeypot
           | fields are worked for me so far. There are more dynamic
           | variations on your maths question.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | If you have any input forms they will be overrun by bots
         | immediately. At my last job, marketing built a website and
         | didn't tell IT. They had a "contact us" form without any kind
         | of captcha. Took about a month to be completely flooded by bot
         | spam.
        
         | slightwinder wrote:
         | > Why are captchas even a thing still?
         | 
         | Because it works, to some degree. It keeps away the annoying
         | cheap bots and stupid kids. Smarter or more dedicated actors
         | can still circumvent it, but even they are least slowed down to
         | some degree.
         | 
         | But thinking about, maybe just putting a 20 second pause after
         | which you have to push a button might be already good enough
         | for all this. And every stupid bot avoiding it will get banned.
        
           | isodev wrote:
           | Indeed... and if it's really problematic, a client-side
           | script can run some expensive calculations as well (the same
           | way captchas do it), to make it extra uninteresting to target
           | unless someone is really motivated and has the budget for it.
        
             | blindgeek wrote:
             | Yes, hashcash.
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | Simple distorted-characters captchas still do a good job of
         | catching unsophisticated bots, which is most of them. They work
         | even better when combined with hidden form fields because these
         | bots don't support CSS.
         | 
         | Targeted attacks though? You're making your legitimate users
         | suffer only so that you defeat 99% of bots instead of 95%.
        
       | devmor wrote:
       | It's quite unpleasantly often that I hear stories about
       | accessibility accommodations being removed by someone considering
       | themselves the sole arbiter of disability.
        
       | jchw wrote:
       | I hope we can end the CAPTCHA experiment soon. It didn't work.
       | 
       | Phone verification isn't good either, but for as much as I hate
       | phone verification at least it actually raises the cost of
       | spamming somewhat. CAPTCHA does not. Almost all turnkey CAPTCHA
       | services can be solved for pennies.
       | 
       | Solving the problems of SPAM and malicious traffic will be
       | challenging... I am worried it will come down to three possible
       | things:
       | 
       | - Anonymity of users: validating someone's real-life identity
       | sufficiently would make it possible to permanently ban malicious
       | individuals and filter out bots with good effectiveness, but it
       | will destroy anonymity online. In my opinion, literally
       | untenable.
       | 
       | - Closing the platform: approaches like Web Environment Integrity
       | and Private Access Tokens pave the way for how the web platform
       | could be closed down. The vast majority of web users use Google
       | Chrome or Safari on a device with Secure Boot, so the entire boot
       | chain can be attested. The number of users that can viably do
       | this will only increase over time. In this future, the web ceases
       | to meaningfully be open: alternatives to this approach will
       | continue to become less and less useful (e.g. machine learning
       | may not achieve AGI but it's going to kick the ass of every
       | CAPTCHA in sight) so it will become increasingly unlikely you'll
       | be able to get into websites without it.
       | 
       | - Accountability of network operators: Love it or hate it, the
       | Internet benefits a lot from gray-area operators that operate
       | with little oversight or transparency. However, another approach
       | to getting rid of malicious traffic is to push more
       | accountability to network operators, severing non-compliant
       | providers off of the Internet. This would probably also suck, and
       | would incentivize abusing this power.
       | 
       | It's tricky, though. What else can you do? You can try to reduce
       | the incentives to have malicious traffic, but it's hard to do
       | this without decreasing the value that things offer. You can make
       | malicious traffic harder by obfuscation, but it's hard to stop
       | motivated parties.
       | 
       | Either way, it feels like the era of the open web is basically
       | over. The open web may continue to exist, but it will probably be
       | overshadowed by a new and much more closed off web.
        
         | Telemakhos wrote:
         | This doesn't feel so much like the end of the "open web" as it
         | does a rehash of USENET and email spam issues. Social media
         | killed USENET, and email managed its spam issues thanks to
         | filtering.
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | Email _kind of_ solved its SPAM issues, but it came at great
           | costs. It 's possible but quite hard to run your own e-mail
           | server; if you're not on a major provider, the possibility is
           | high that a major provider will at some point have
           | deliverability issues to or from you due to automated anti-
           | SPAM measures. The degree of difficulty with participating in
           | the network does somewhat degrade its openness in my opinion.
           | 
           | If anything works in the favor of email it is that email is
           | not published. It is not necessary very private inherently,
           | but it is at least not a system where things get broadcasted
           | publicly. IMO this limits the value of spamming people over
           | e-mail: you have to send a _very_ high volume of e-mail to
           | SPAM effectively over e-mail, and this high volume use
           | pattern is not something that ordinary users will ever engage
           | in, so it 's easy to at least separate out "possible SPAM
           | operation" versus "guy sending email to a friend". (I'm not
           | saying that systems are necessarily perfect at distinguishing
           | one from the other, but at the very least it would be hard to
           | mistake the average Gmail account for being part of a massive
           | SPAM operation. The volume is just too low.)
           | 
           | I hope the open web survives, but if e-mail is any kind of
           | sign, it's not a great one in my opinion.
        
             | martin_a wrote:
             | > It's possible but quite hard to run your own e-mail
             | server; if you're not on a major provider, the possibility
             | is high that a major provider will at some point have
             | deliverability issues to or from you due to automated anti-
             | SPAM measures.
             | 
             | In the roughly 25 years that I've used shared webhosting to
             | have my own domainname and mailboxes, deliverability was
             | never an issue. Never tried to send thousands of mails
             | though, so...
        
               | jchw wrote:
               | I have been running web services for around 22 years I
               | believe. At the very beginning, I had zero problems with
               | deliverability to most addresses. However, even early on,
               | I do remember plenty of forums that mentioned that Yahoo!
               | or Hotmail tended to drop their confirmation e-mails into
               | SPAM. Smaller operators had an advantage in being lower
               | volume; I think that gives you a higher likelihood of
               | delivery. That said, their emails are also more likely to
               | get caught up in SPAM filters without remediation.
               | 
               | Something has changed recently, though. I have found it
               | increasingly hard to even get an IP that is not blocked
               | anymore. I recently migrated a VPS that was almost 10
               | years old that was running its own e-mail services, and
               | after a lot of struggling... I gave up. It now has to go
               | through an SMTP proxy to send e-mail. This bums me out,
               | but after multiple attempts to get an IP that worked, I
               | gave up. The provider did tell me that I was
               | grandfathered in to have outgoing SMTP enabled on my
               | servers (something that new users do not have by default,
               | by the way) but recommended I stop using it.
               | 
               | Is the network open? Yes. Does everyone have
               | deliverability problems? Probably not. But maybe another
               | question: If you _did_ have deliverability problems to
               | some major provider, would you even know about it? If you
               | 're not very high volume, maybe not!
        
           | dataflow wrote:
           | Email hasn't actually fixed spam issues, it's just mitigated
           | a big chunk of them. But I know for a fact that I still mark
           | emails in my inbox as spam on a regular basis, and still dig
           | legitimate emails out of my spam once in a while.
        
         | plingbang wrote:
         | > It's tricky, though. What else can you do?
         | 
         | I had an idea about amost-privacy-preserving system by
         | involving government ID and blind signatures:
         | 
         | 1. The service passes a random string to the user. 2. The user
         | authenticates to their government and asks the government to
         | sign it. 3. The government applies a blind signature which
         | basically says "this user/citizen hasn't registered an account
         | in the last 60 minutes". 4. The government records the
         | timestamp. 5. The user passes the signature back to the
         | service.
         | 
         | Upsides:
         | 
         | * Bypassing this would be orders of magnitude more expensive
         | than phone numbers. * Almost private
         | 
         | Downsides:
         | 
         | * Won't happen. Remote HW attestation is likely to win :( * The
         | service knows your citizenship * The gov knows when and how
         | often you register. * Any gov can always bypass the limits for
         | themselves.
         | 
         | I think it may be also possible to extend it so that the
         | government attests that you have only one account on the
         | service but without being able to find which account is yours.
        
         | mindslight wrote:
         | meh, continuing the pearl clutching and asserting there has to
         | be some general "solution" is itself part of the problem. The
         | sheer majority of captchas I come across are while browsing
         | essentially static content. If simple source IP based rate
         | limiting can't keep the server load at something manageable,
         | then the real problem is with how the site is built. And adding
         | even more bloat to address another managerial bullet point is
         | exactly how it got that way.
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | Two things:
           | 
           | - I don't believe there is a general solution to this
           | problem, but that won't stop people with lots of money and
           | influence from trying to find a general solution. Especially
           | one that is cheap. I still hope for the least user- and
           | ecosystem-hostile approach among the flawed approaches to
           | win. (I guess of the ones I listed, the one that bothers me
           | the least is having more policing of the service providers.)
           | 
           | - CAPTCHAs from static content are almost assuredly for anti-
           | scraping measures. I think anti-scraping measures are mostly
           | pointless and antithetical to an open web in the first place,
           | but, an effective anti-scraping measure kind of _has_ to work
           | off of reputation, because getting access to a very large
           | number of IP addresses isn 't free, but it doesn't cost
           | _that_ much (especially if IPv6 is on the table.) I
           | personally doubt it has much to do with server load in most
           | cases, but maybe I am wrong.
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | There are indeed many powerful motives supporting the march
             | of technological authoritarianism. But validating the
             | narratives about why ever-more control is needed is a form
             | of support, which we should avoid doing.
             | 
             | Rather we need to recognize that they're merely instances
             | of the same old authoritarian fallacy of more control
             | promising better outcomes, because what increased control
             | ends up ruining cannot be enumerated. In actuality,
             | reducing independent autonomy stifles invention and
             | suffocates society.
             | 
             | "Anti-scraping" is a dubious problem for web sites aimed at
             | _publishing_ information. The best  "anti-scraping"
             | solution is a published API that includes bulk downloads.
             | I'll admit there's a tiny sliver of sites for which
             | controlling consumption might make sense, but it's
             | certainly not ones that allow browsing without even logging
             | in.
        
         | account42 wrote:
         | A start would be what kinds of websites even need a CAPTCHA in
         | the first place. Why does just viewing websites with static
         | conent ever need to result in a captcha prompt.
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | _That_ I think is just to try to prevent scraping, probably
           | mostly from people training AI models. I don 't really think
           | anti-scraping mitigations are a good idea and I'm hoping that
           | problem some day solves itself.
        
         | mapt wrote:
         | There is another option.
         | 
         | CAPTCHA is useful only when it is costly to solve. It is a
         | costly signal that this is a real person, or at least is more
         | than 1/10^9th of a real person (you're not running a fully
         | automated spam system).
         | 
         | The postal service also has costs - everybody that wants to
         | move something through the postal service needs to buy a stamp.
         | Transport fees are a 'natural' way to moderate traffic and
         | deter spam.
         | 
         | Various combinations of network architecture and cryptocoinage
         | permit you to invoke transport fees per attempted
         | transmission/login. Sensible ones, if every spam email or login
         | guess costs even 1 penny it becomes prohibitive for most fully
         | automated spam applications. The cryptocoin aspect is
         | specifically about preserving anonymity of private wallet
         | access while permitting the cash-like transactions that stamps
         | enable.
        
           | throwaway2037 wrote:
           | This sounds like the same argument that was made for about 10
           | years (2000 to 2010) that micropayments would save
           | traditional (print) media in a digital world. It didn't work
           | due to market fragmentation and friction to make a payment.
           | 
           | And, the reality of your fancy idea is that normie users
           | would turn away if they made a mistake on the CAPTCHA and
           | were suddenly presented with a screen "charging" them one
           | pence.
        
             | mapt wrote:
             | This isn't about "making a mistake on the captcha", this is
             | about charging them one pence for every attempt and just
             | not having a captcha.
             | 
             | It's an entirely different sort of system, and it would
             | require a cordoned off section of the Internet to implement
             | it top-down, but it's technically viable.
             | 
             | The defining insight here is how many orders of magnitude
             | difference there is between the "That price is negligible"
             | threshold for a human being, and the "That price is
             | negligible" threshold for an automated system. Sure there
             | are adoption issues, but for all applications where there
             | are several orders of magnitude difference, such a system
             | makes some degree of sense.
        
               | theamk wrote:
               | Don't think it's going to work, except in the smallest
               | forums?
               | 
               | According to a random page on internet [0], companies pay
               | in $2-$6 range per 1000 ad impressions. If one pays $0.01
               | to bypass captcha and just 10 people see the resulting
               | spam post, that's already $1 per 1000 views - much less
               | than facebook charges. This becomes even more lucrative
               | if the ads are expensive or there will be more than 10
               | people looking at the ad.
               | 
               | It looks you'll want much higher costs than that, which
               | will make it "too much" for other users.
               | 
               | [0] https://spideraf.com/learning-hub/what-is-the-
               | average-cost-p...
        
             | njarboe wrote:
             | Would be great if the US government somehow facilitated
             | micropayment. Either by creating their own system or
             | removing the capital gains reporting requirements on crypto
             | (maybe up to $10k/year).
        
             | Thoreandan wrote:
             | Relevant Penny Arcade comic responding to the proposal that
             | micropayments will save comic artists -
             | https://pennyarcade.fandom.com/wiki/June_22,_2001
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | Cryptocurrency micropayments have been proposed and even
           | attempted as a solution to various problems. Hell, there's
           | also Hashcash, an early proposed anti-SPAM measure for e-mail
           | using just proof-of-work. (Since this is just burning CPU
           | though, it probably isn't effective in the modern world of
           | most people using low-power mobile computers and many SPAMers
           | having access to cheap very high power computers. Might serve
           | as a good hurdle for people trying to implement malicious
           | bots, but it will eventually become useless if it is shown to
           | be effective IMO.)
           | 
           | I'm skeptical though. It puts a literal price on abusing a
           | service, but how do you _set_ that price? Is there a
           | guarantee that there 's a value high enough to meaningfully
           | disincentivize SPAM but low enough that users, especially
           | users in areas that may have an economic disadvantage, are
           | able to pay it?
           | 
           | That's on top of the other practical problems, such as
           | actually implementing it. I mean, if someone implements it
           | and tries to solve the usability issues involved I would be
           | open to this future, but as it is now, cryptocurrency has
           | disappointed me. In a world with increasing scrutiny towards
           | credit card processors, I was hoping that the silver lining
           | would be that cryptocurrency could at least help mitigate
           | some of the concerns, but there are just too many hurdles
           | right now. (Some of them may be caused by regulation, but to
           | be fair, I think at this point it's hard to blame governments
           | for trying to regulate cryptocurrency exchanges. I'm not
           | _happy_ about silly KYC policies or anything like that, but I
           | am not surprised at all.)
        
             | AnthonyMouse wrote:
             | > It puts a literal price on abusing a service, but how do
             | you _set_ that price?
             | 
             | Start with a nominal one and increase it until the spam
             | problem goes away.
             | 
             | Create escape hatches for people who can't afford it, e.g.
             | you can either pay/mine a couple dollars worth of
             | cryptocurrency, or you can have someone who paid vouch for
             | you (but then if either of you spam you both get banned),
             | or you can do some rigorous identity verification which is
             | inconvenient and compromises privacy but doesn't cost
             | money, or (for smaller communities) you ask the admins to
             | comp you and if you're known in the community from other
             | sites then they do it etc.
             | 
             | > I mean, if someone implements it and tries to solve the
             | usability issues involved I would be open to this future,
             | but as it is now, cryptocurrency has disappointed me.
             | 
             | This doesn't seem like an insurmountable problem to solve.
             | To give someone some cryptocurrency you can either send it
             | directly (useful option for advanced or privacy-conscious
             | users) or use a service and then it should be no different
             | than using Paypal et al.
             | 
             | The real problem is the regulations are currently designed
             | to make using it an unreasonable amount of paperwork:
             | 
             | > Some of them may be caused by regulation, but to be fair,
             | I think at this point it's hard to blame governments for
             | trying to regulate cryptocurrency exchanges.
             | 
             | There's a difference between regulating exchanges and
             | regulating users. If you're holding millions of dollars in
             | cryptocurrency then the government is reasonably going to
             | expect you to file paperwork and pay taxes on gains etc. If
             | you're only holding three and four digit dollar amounts
             | worth then they should leave you alone and you shouldn't
             | have to do anything.
             | 
             | In theory you can strike a reasonable balance here where
             | the crypto scammers go to jail but Joe Average doesn't have
             | to file any more tax paperwork to use Bitcoin Cash to buy a
             | pack of gum than to pay in physical cash. We'll see what
             | the new administration does with it.
        
               | jchw wrote:
               | Well, for solving both the UX and regulatory issues with
               | cryptocurrencies... I'm not optimistic, but I am open to
               | being pleasantly surprised.
               | 
               | On the UX side, I think a huge problem is making it
               | possible for users to participate using a non-custodial
               | wallet with as little risk of data loss or compromised
               | credentials as possible. So it needs to be hardened
               | against ignorance, stupidity, house fires, malware, and
               | social engineering. That is hard. Irreversible
               | transactions greatly up the stakes while increasing the
               | incentive to attack. Do you ever feel a bit nervous about
               | the send address being wrong when you use cryptocurrency?
               | 
               | A thing I didn't mention but is equally important to
               | solve is developer experience. I wish there was a turnkey
               | SDK that took care of most of the technical stuff and
               | just let you use cryptocurrency like it's PayPal. If we
               | had on-chain subscriptions (I think Ethereum can do
               | this?) it could be even more powerful. The technologies
               | offer a ton of possibilities but taking advantage of it
               | correctly and securely feels like a tall order. Dealing
               | with cryptocurrencies feels more serious than dealing
               | with traditional payment processors: you can't undo when
               | you fuck up.
               | 
               | Some of this can be resolved. On the user side, users can
               | keep less value stored in wallets long term... Though
               | this is more cumbersome and less usable. On the developer
               | side, developers can make nodes that can verify
               | transactions but not spend currency... But this can be
               | challenging (I think it's weird to do with Monero for
               | example?) and it closes off some use cases ("escrow"
               | style transactions; Skeb-style commissions would be a
               | good use case.)
               | 
               | If it gets solved I will celebrate as it seems like it
               | would have a lot of positive upsides, but I think you
               | might need to pardon my skepticism: it's been a lot of
               | years and it hasn't gotten that much better. (Granted,
               | it's still pretty new, but the momentum is slower than I
               | would have hoped.)
        
           | Retr0id wrote:
           | Although solving a captcha can be translated into a monetary
           | cost (often the cost of labour for a human in a clickfarm to
           | solve it for you), the nice thing is that it's still "free"
           | to solve normally.
           | 
           | If you switch to direct payments that are still affordable
           | for routine use by your poorest users, then your rich
           | adversaries can afford to generate orders of magnitude more
           | spam (until we solve unequal wealth distribution globally).
           | 
           | Also, the cost of using a postal service nominally covers its
           | operating costs. The cost of actually transferring a spammy
           | HTTP request over the internet is negligible, but the costs
           | imposed on its receiver are less so (i.e. the cost of
           | responding to it (cpu/ram/disk/bandwidth), second-order costs
           | of lowering the quality of the service for everyone else,
           | etc.).
        
             | Y_Y wrote:
             | > until we solve unequal wealth distribution globally
             | 
             | Is this a joke?
        
               | Retr0id wrote:
               | Why would it be a joke?
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | If you expect 99% of normal internet users to maintain a
           | crypto wallet of any kind just to access certain websites--
           | even leaving aside the actual cost--you're going to be sorely
           | disappointed.
        
           | thayne wrote:
           | > The postal service also has costs
           | 
           | I don't know about you but even with this cost about 90% of
           | the physical mail I receive is junk mail.
           | 
           | > Sensible ones, if every spam email or login guess costs
           | even 1 penny it becomes prohibitive for most fully automated
           | spam applications.
           | 
           | Do you have a solution for transaction costs? How do you pay
           | a penny without having to pay more than that for the transfer
           | of funds?
        
         | throwaway2037 wrote:
         | > Anonymity of users: validating someone's real-life identity
         | sufficiently would make it possible to permanently ban
         | malicious individuals and filter out bots with good
         | effectiveness, but it will destroy anonymity online. In my
         | opinion, literally untenable.
         | 
         | I see this point constantly made on the echo chamber that is
         | known as HackerNews. The average normie user does not care
         | about anonymity, nor privacy, on the Internet. They want a
         | smooth, fun experience. The solution is secure boot plus
         | attestation via some browser JavaScript API. If you want even
         | less friction, users are required to register their devices
         | with a gov't agency, then their attestation will carry more
         | value.
         | 
         | Really, why don't we see HN crying about the need to show a
         | national ID (and register) when buying a mobile phone? I never
         | once saw anyone complaining about it here. Are there any highly
         | developed nations that allow complete strangers with any
         | nationality to buy and use a mobile phone without showing a
         | national ID? I don't know any, or they will all soon be gone.
         | It only takes a few more terrorist assholes to close that door
         | permanently.
        
           | graypegg wrote:
           | > Are there any highly developed nations that allow complete
           | strangers with any nationality to buy and use a mobile phone
           | without showing a national ID?
           | 
           | Canada maybe? [I'm 80% sure that] Public Mobile will sell you
           | a prepaid sim card at the counter. You could pay cash, and
           | set your caller ID to a fake name.
           | 
           | If we're talking about mobility plans, the identity
           | requirement is more about the credit check they might want to
           | do than anything else.
        
           | tredre3 wrote:
           | > Are there any highly developed nations that allow complete
           | strangers with any nationality to buy and use a mobile phone
           | without showing a national ID? I don't know any, or they will
           | all soon be gone.
           | 
           | I regularly (1-2x per year) buy prepaid SIMs in Canada, USA,
           | and Japan. None of them require an ID and I often even pay
           | cash.
           | 
           | I'm sure you are right that they'll eventually be requiring
           | ID, but you are wrong to imply that these countries aren't
           | highly developed.
        
           | faeranne wrote:
           | > why don't we see HN crying about the need to show a
           | national ID ... when buying a mobile phone?
           | 
           | Mmm, very possibly because there are at least a few ways to
           | get a phone without using any ID. I picked up a used phone
           | about a year ago, and use Tello. Tello had 0 info on me for
           | years, only an old UPS box that I got the card delivered to.
           | I eventually gave them my first name so Caller ID was
           | correct, but short of that or putting in a correct address if
           | you want 911 support, there's no reason to need any valid
           | info with them. They don't do credit checks, just prepay.
           | 
           | > The solution is secure boot plus attestation That's the
           | second option they presented "Closing the platform". The
           | issue with all these options is that it consolidates power,
           | and thanks to already partially consolidated power, any
           | option selected will, by necessity, obligate _everyone_ to
           | partake, whether or not they are ok with it.
           | 
           | > The average normie user does not care about anonymity, nor
           | privacy, on the Internet.
           | 
           | It's true that often "normies" don't care (or at least think
           | they don't care, but that's a completely different point I
           | don't feel like trying to make), and it's also true that
           | often "normies" don't want the status quo changed. But often
           | "normies" also ignore when people are kidnapped due to their
           | heritage being revealed. Is it acceptable to actively create
           | a hostile environment for people already disadvantaged? Do we
           | gain something worth their safety? Who gains from this higher
           | level of scrutiny?
           | 
           | If we look at the smaller web, most sites never get enough
           | traffic to be under active threat, and passive threat is easy
           | enough to quell using honeypot forms and questions. Maybe the
           | "normie" internet _is_ the problem. Passive people passively
           | consuming.  "Normies" love watching stolen content, and
           | praise thieves for harassing anyone who points out that what
           | their doing is wrong. "Normies" enjoy watching someone
           | livestream themselves flying down a highway at 100 mph over
           | the speed limit.
           | 
           | I think maybe we should acknowledge that what we're defending
           | with things like hCaptcha is not actually worth defending.
           | Maybe the "normal" internet does need to be deprecated over
           | "small" internet? We did pretty good before with things like
           | Wikipedia. The "small" internet from before had a lot of
           | chaff, but good things have grown from it, and a lot of it
           | still exists as a "small" internet. Maybe it's ok that we
           | have a lot of "crap content", so long as the internet can
           | keep changing?
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | It's not the average person's job to make sure that the world
           | isn't fucking them raw. People have limited attention and
           | limited time, not everyone can care about everything.
           | 
           | Nobody else is going to step in and hold the line when it
           | comes to digital privacy rights. It's on people like us who
           | care. This is why organizations like EFF need to exist.
        
         | SirMaster wrote:
         | CAPTCHA definitely works in some cases.
         | 
         | On our website, without CAPTCHA we get dozens of forms filled
         | out by bots per day. With the CAPTCHA we get 0.
         | 
         | So sure it may be cheap to defeat the CAPTCHA, but nobody seems
         | to be willing to go through that small hoop to do it on our
         | website.
        
           | salviati wrote:
           | I believe that 0 will be a higher number next year. And an
           | even higher the following year.
        
             | whartung wrote:
             | Even in a year, I don't think random AI will be "cheap"
             | enough for spamming CAPTCHA on random websites. Maybe for
             | select, ripe targets (your bank, etc.). But for a random
             | business with a form?
             | 
             | Nah.
        
         | dreamcompiler wrote:
         | > I hope we can end the CAPTCHA experiment soon. It didn't
         | work.
         | 
         | Well it _sort of_ worked before we got modern AI image
         | recognizers, but even then they had to continue making the
         | challenges harder to keep up with the recognizer software.
         | 
         | Now the damn things have crossed over into the domain of
         | "easier for a machine to solve than a human" so they're
         | worthless for their original purpose.
        
           | tombert wrote:
           | Define modern? I worked adjacent to the web-scraping tech at
           | Jet.com and they managed to beat a lot of the CAPTCHAs even
           | in 2016.
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | Yeah but filtering out mindless bots is even easier than
           | loading a bloated mess of JS: a simple form question that you
           | believe 100% of the valid users will be able to answer should
           | be good enough to stop almost all of those low-level bots. I
           | use that approach all the time.
           | 
           | Some day this luck will run out, but for larger entities that
           | experience targeted malicious traffic it's never really been
           | a viable approach.
        
         | not_your_vase wrote:
         | In the past 3 years, every morning I wake up I open the news,
         | and I hope that I will the following headlines: "Some guy
         | figured out how to use AI to detect bot traffic with 100%
         | accuracy, captchas became obsolete and banned worldwide with
         | immediate effect"
         | 
         | And every morning my day starts with disappointment.
        
         | thayne wrote:
         | > Almost all turnkey CAPTCHA services can be solved for
         | pennies.
         | 
         | There is one area where even pennies can be a barrier: DDoS.
         | 
         | Paying a few pennies per captcha can add up to a lot when you
         | want to complete millions of them.
        
         | AnthonyMouse wrote:
         | > validating someone's real-life identity sufficiently would
         | make it possible to permanently ban malicious individuals and
         | filter out bots with good effectiveness, but it will destroy
         | anonymity online. In my opinion, literally untenable.
         | 
         | Not only untenable because of the privacy invasion but also
         | because there are too many users who are willing to click on
         | whatever for a chance to win a prize and thereby authorize use
         | of their identity for spamming.
         | 
         | > approaches like Web Environment Integrity and Private Access
         | Tokens
         | 
         | That stuff never works because the spammers only have to break
         | one model of one popular device. The people proposing it are
         | snake oil salesmen or platform companies that want to use it
         | for lock-in, because spammers spend the resources to break the
         | system but normal users won't put up with the inconvenience,
         | which locks out competitors and interoperability.
         | 
         | > Accountability of network operators
         | 
         | This largely already happens. Disreputable IP blocks get
         | banned. But then you get a botnet with users on ISPs with
         | varying levels of willingness to do something about it and the
         | ones that do something about it still can't do it
         | instantaneously and some of the ones that don't care are in
         | jurisdictions you can't control but are also too big to block.
         | 
         | The best solution is probably some kind of "pay something in
         | money/cryptocurrency/proof of work to create an account"
         | because normal users need a small number accounts kept for long
         | periods of time but spammers need a large number of accounts
         | that get banned almost immediately, which is exactly the sort
         | of asymmetric cost structure that results in a functioning
         | system.
        
         | awbvious wrote:
         | " Anonymity of users: validating someone's real-life identity
         | sufficiently would make it possible to permanently ban
         | malicious individuals and filter out bots with good
         | effectiveness, but it will destroy anonymity online. In my
         | opinion, literally untenable. "
         | 
         | What about zero knowledge proofs? Those with typical
         | cryptocurrency wallets could leverage existing extensions.
         | Everyone else can download an open source extension that sends
         | the proof and an open source way to verify proofs but is
         | unrelated to cryptocurrency. While a robustly decentralized
         | chain like Bitcoin and Ethereum would be a good place to verify
         | proofs, no reason a non-cryptocurrency solution can't also be
         | avaliable as well for the cryptocurrency adverse. And for the
         | tech adverse, a phone number to call/text to walk the person
         | through sending the proof via phone that would cost a tiny bit
         | --and could also help the tech adverse with setting up an
         | extension going forward?
        
         | miki123211 wrote:
         | > for pennies
         | 
         | "for pennies" is a _lot_ more expensive than 0, and that
         | matters at scale.
         | 
         | Scam isn't about one person performing one request, for that
         | you can indeed just hire a human, it's about thousands of bots
         | constantly interacting with a service.
         | 
         | If you need to scrape 10m records and there's no anti-fraud
         | protection, you pay $0 (excluding typical bandwidth / server
         | costs). If every query requires a captcha, and you have to pay
         | $.01 per captcha, the operation costs you $100k.
         | 
         | Going from 0 to 100k is often "good enough" to make these
         | things uneconomical.
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | Actually, I oversimplified. In most cases you don't have to
           | pay $.01 per CAPTCHA. It's usually a fraction of a penny per
           | CAPTCHA.
           | 
           | So basically it's good enough to protect something that is
           | arguably barely worth protecting. I don't find this
           | compelling. Protecting things that barely need it is already
           | easy using existing techniques.
        
         | rascul wrote:
         | > Phone verification isn't good either, but for as much as I
         | hate phone verification at least it actually raises the cost of
         | spamming somewhat.
         | 
         | Curious if phone verification would block more or less
         | legitimate users than catchpas.
        
         | j-bos wrote:
         | Feels like another option would be to bootstrap off of
         | authenticated users, some sort of reputation system. It would
         | still allow for anonymous users, but the expectation would be
         | that they would be treated as suspected spam unless they
         | receive sufficient endorsement from actual verified users. The
         | verified users could be held accountable for the endorsements
         | they provide up to a certain point, and the anonymous users
         | would be able to remain anonymous assuming verified users
         | consider them good citizens.
        
           | jprete wrote:
           | The endorsement and verification would need to be continuous,
           | or else the anonymous users will sell their accounts for the
           | value of the accrued positive reputation. I.e. what people
           | already do with Reddit accounts that accrue a lot of karma.
        
             | j-bos wrote:
             | Good point
        
       | RobMurray wrote:
       | I am also blind. hCaptcha is the worst. Their stupid cookie
       | expires so I have to go through their getting an email to set the
       | cookie almost every time I encounter one. It's a horrendous UX,
       | especially when using different devices and browsers. I imagine
       | others just give up instead of dealing with the crap. They
       | shouldn't use the word accessibility when their whole service is
       | the exact opposite.
       | 
       | The bots can probably solve them easier than blind people anyway,
       | or they can outsource them to third world workers for next to
       | nothing. E.G. Anticaptcha [0]:
       | 
       | > Starting from 0.5USD per 1000 images, depending on your daily
       | spending volume
       | 
       | [0] https://anti-captcha.com/
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | Believe me, hCaptcha isn't much better even if you're not
         | blind! They show me minuscule images which are barely
         | distinguishable from each other. It manages to be much worse
         | than reCaptcha, which is some achievement.
        
           | tracker1 wrote:
           | I'm not blind, but do have visibility issues. I can get by on
           | my phone with maxed text size, etc. The pictures for hcaptcha
           | are horrible... I keep having to zoom in and out. It's almost
           | as bad as modals that flow off screen.
           | 
           | It sucks more when you work in the space and take a lot of
           | care to usability. It's not that hard most of the time.
        
         | nmarinov wrote:
         | What's the best captcha regarding accessibility?
        
           | burningChrome wrote:
           | None.
           | 
           | There are no "best" version of captcha. I've worked on
           | several large scale projects where captcha was floated and
           | then quickly abandoned in favor of other methods like
           | Honeypot or using other methods to weed out bots and other
           | 3rd party agents.
           | 
           | If you _have to_ use captcha the least worst are probably
           | reCaptcha V2 and hCaptcha for accessibility.
        
           | Saris wrote:
           | Brave PoW captcha maybe? Because it requires no
           | input/interaction from the user.
        
             | jknoepfler wrote:
             | I don't understand why POW solutions aren't more popular.
        
               | Saris wrote:
               | I'd never heard of them before getting them while using
               | Brave search sometimes, I'm not sure I entirely
               | understand how they work and differentiate between a bot
               | and human.
        
               | xelamonster wrote:
               | They don't differentiate. They just make it too expensive
               | to be worth paying for the resources required to carry
               | out a spam attack at any meaningful scale.
        
               | Saris wrote:
               | Oh that makes sense, neat way of doing it. Basically adds
               | a delay while also costing CPU resources.
        
         | akimbostrawman wrote:
         | i have the complete opposite experience. im not blind but i use
         | tor. vpns and non spyware browser which is probably worse lol
         | google captcha most of the time sends me into a loop that does
         | not stop and always fails regardless how right i am for +3
         | minutes. meanwhile hcapcha lets me pass if i simply correctly
         | fill out 1-3 captchas.
        
       | hyperman1 wrote:
       | I think, unfortunately, most accessibility options are not
       | intended to actually be used.
       | 
       | If you are a governement or bigco, accessibility is part of your
       | baseline requirements. You must be able to say: Yes, we are
       | accessible. Otherwise, the public will cause a stink.
       | 
       | So you take your list of vendors, and remove any that don't say
       | they enable accessibility. Vendors know this and make sure they
       | say they are.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, it is a hard to get right feature, only applicable to
       | a small part of your userbase. Multiple disabilities require
       | different affordances. No developer on the team really
       | understands the actual requirement.
       | 
       | The people requiring accessibility will go somewhere else, or
       | grumble and make do. Neither will be detected on any metrics
       | board.
       | 
       | This combination promotes shelfware: Things you buy and put on a
       | shelf somewhere but never really use.
        
       | miki123211 wrote:
       | As a blind person, I genuinely believe that hCaptcha, being as
       | terrible as it is, is still the best solution among the ones that
       | we can physically achieve in the world as it exists right now.
       | 
       | Audio captchas don't work for people with hearing issues and/or
       | who don't speak your n supported languages, where n is usually
       | <10. I've had to help people out with these over the phone, it
       | was not fun.
       | 
       | Even for people for whom they do work, it's worth keeping in mind
       | that bots can solve them by now, and so users whose activity
       | looks too fraudulent, who are still given access to the visual
       | captchas, have to be blocked from using the audio ones. I have
       | also seen this happen.
       | 
       | Text captchas are a non-option by now, they're very easy to solve
       | with LLMs, and the way they have to be phrased makes it
       | impossible to align LLMs not to solve them, like you can do with
       | the visual ones.
       | 
       | Google's ReCaptcha can get away with having no actual challenge
       | for most users, blind or otherwise, but that's because they're
       | Google, they do enough user tracking that they don't actually
       | need a captcha. Google is the only company that can get away with
       | this, and even for them, it doesn't work in all situations, even
       | when the user fully trusts Google and has not adjusted any
       | privacy preferences.
       | 
       | Sure, you could stop using captchas entirely, if you're fine with
       | receiving dozens of viagra ads on every single platform each day,
       | abolishing all "contact us" and comment forms on the internet,
       | having a significantly higher credit card fraud rate (which
       | translates directly to higher prices and a much worse experience
       | for consumers), and getting all your semi-public records and
       | social media activity immediately scraped by shady companies and
       | sold to anybody who expresses any interest. Unsurprisingly, most
       | users are, in fact, not fine with this.
        
         | blindgeek wrote:
         | > and getting all your semi-public records and social media
         | activity immediately > scraped by shady companies and sold to
         | anybody who expresses any interest.
         | 
         | Public content on the Internet should be scrapable. That's what
         | public means.
         | 
         | The fact that my reddit posts were publicly available never
         | bothered me. Even if they were going to be used to train some
         | LMM. What does bother me is reddit locking up my posts and
         | making exclusive deals with Google to train Google's LMM.
         | 
         | Preventing scraping isn't good for the average user; it is good
         | for the company that wants to take content created by said
         | user, lock it up, and sell it to their buddies.
        
       | blindgeek wrote:
       | And the very angry email that I (probably unwisely) just dashed
       | off to support@hcaptcha.com:
       | 
       | "So I've been trying to sign in repeatedly to set the
       | accessibility cookie since last night. Every time I click the
       | submit button, I get the useless error message "an error has
       | occurred, please try again".
       | 
       | My friend, who shares my roof and my static IP, got banned from
       | hcaptcha's accessibility service last year for being too smart to
       | be blind. And I suspect you all have banned our IP and not just
       | his account.
       | 
       | For the record, my static IP address is (redacted).
       | 
       | See https://michaels.world/2023/11/i-was-banned-from-the-
       | hcaptch... for his story. I have been broadcasting this to
       | websites frequented by technically capable people:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42171164
       | https://lobste.rs/s/qbkd0u/i_was_banned_from_hcaptcha_access...
       | 
       | Please let your bosses know that I plan to pursue legal action
       | against hCaptcha and/or amplify the truth to destroy its
       | reputation in the public square. I will also be reaching out to
       | websites who utilize hCaptcha, letting them know that the captcha
       | provider they employ is refusing to provide reasonable
       | accomodations to blind people.
       | 
       | Whether it be with the force of law or the force of satyagraha,
       | your bosses are going to get a message and we will win.
        
         | blindgeek wrote:
         | And their thoroughly unhelpful reply:
         | 
         | "Hi there, sorry to hear you're having difficulties!
         | 
         | We have an alternative authentication scheme that you may
         | prefer: https://www.hcaptcha.com/accessibility
         | 
         | You can sign up here:
         | https://dashboard.hcaptcha.com/signup?type=accessibility
         | 
         | This lets you avoid the challenge altogether after
         | registration.
         | 
         | It is designed for users with any kind of difficulty solving
         | the challenges.
         | 
         | Thanks for reaching out, and hope this makes your experience
         | better."
        
       | andrewaylett wrote:
       | CAPTCHA: Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell
       | Computers and Humans Apart.
       | 
       | These things have _one job_. Any time they fail to identify a
       | human, they have failed at their job. How they go about
       | administering the test, and (to a large extent) what the human
       | does in response, should be irrelevant. I know that 's hard, no-
       | one said the job was _easy_ , and the companies developing them
       | are the ones making claims about their efficacy.
       | 
       | If you want to block 100% of bots, don't put your stuff on the
       | Internet. If you want to block bots _and allow humans_ then you
       | 're _going_ to have false negatives. Failing to acknowledge them
       | is dishonest.
       | 
       | None of which stops me filling them out when I encounter them,
       | but I don't have to like it.
        
       | throw_a_grenade wrote:
       | If you're in Europe, consider filing GDPR complaint to your local
       | data protection authority. One of the rights recognised in GDPR
       | is right to rectify information about you, and it was clearly not
       | afforded by the provider here.
        
       | mathfailure wrote:
       | hCaptcha is worse, than reCaptcha.
       | 
       | I pass the captcha (I am not blind and not using accessibility
       | account) and get response like
       | 
       | Your response to the CAPTCHA appears to be invalid. Please re-
       | verify that you're not a robot below. (Reference ID:
       | 4035128747213959)
       | 
       | And you are given captcha again (passing which will have the same
       | result).
       | 
       | reCaptcha had similar issue, but choosing 'accessibility' would
       | transform the captcha from visual to auditory one and passing it
       | had no such problems.
       | 
       | In the end I just gave up.
        
       | Pxtl wrote:
       | Please just let my link some kind of government-backed ID to an
       | email account and then clients can ask "hey government, is this
       | email account a real human being in your country"? And government
       | can say "yes" and they can go forward knowing that if I turn out
       | to be a bot and they ban me it will be a _huge_ pain in my ass
       | because I 've got to go through government enrollment process
       | again.
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | > _I emailed back a day or so later, requesting an unban because,
       | y 'know, I _actually* am blind, but they gave a pretty canned
       | response of no, your account is remaining banned.*
       | 
       | Do I understand correctly that hCaptcha has created an
       | accessibility problem that's denying this blind person access to
       | all sorts of Web sites?
       | 
       | Is there an ADA angle here, for many customers of hCaptcha?
        
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