[HN Gopher] Artificial Intelligence for Quantum Computing
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       Artificial Intelligence for Quantum Computing
        
       Author : jimminyx
       Score  : 55 points
       Date   : 2024-11-16 11:44 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arxiv.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arxiv.org)
        
       | itchyjunk wrote:
       | Petition to add AI to HN so it lists out the gist of papers and
       | articles posted xD . I also always thought AI would overlap with
       | Q Annealing in some way vaguely because both are optimization
       | process. But maybe this is where QC helps AI and not the other
       | way around.
        
         | l33tbro wrote:
         | People can deploy that personally if they wish. The abstract
         | captures the gist in most cases.
        
       | mg wrote:
       | Is there a metric which lets us track how far/close we are to do
       | something useful with quantum computers?
       | 
       | And when we look at that metric and extrapolate its progression
       | over the last years, when do we expect QCs to hit datacenters?
        
         | foresttony wrote:
         | QCs are in all major data centers already. Although there is
         | not much you can do with them, but you can use them. IONQ is
         | considered the leader right now in QC. Look them up, very
         | interesting stuff they are doing. They just partnered with
         | astrazeneca to start developing useful applications. They will
         | also demonstrate hybrid algorithms next week where they offload
         | some stuff to QPUs to speed up models. I would say within two
         | years QCs will start being useful.
        
           | almostgotcaught wrote:
           | > QCs are in all major data centers already
           | 
           | Citation needed
        
         | bawolff wrote:
         | I think https://xkcd.com/678/ is relavent.
         | 
         | Basically we are far enough out from "useful" QC that its
         | anyone's guess (except for the people trying to convince you to
         | invest in their startup). That said relavent metrics include
         | number of qubits and their error rate (once you get past a
         | certain number with a low enough error rate you can start to
         | use error correction which is when things really start to
         | become interesting)
         | 
         | It does depend a bit on what you mean by "useful" though see
         | also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noisy_intermediate-
         | scale_quant...
        
           | foresttony wrote:
           | Good job commenting on something you know nothing about...
        
           | vtomole wrote:
           | Yes, QC is far enough that it's "anyone's guess", but the
           | field is actively working on sliding the answer to this
           | problem from "anyone's guess" to "a bit more certain". It
           | will never be 100% certain until the useful QC appears but we
           | can decrease the probability of our predictions being pure
           | guesswork. As an example, DARPA is funding a project to find
           | the first high impact QC applications
           | https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/publications-
           | highlighting... along with finding when the first hardware to
           | run those applications can be built
           | https://www.darpa.mil/work-with-us/quantum-benchmarking-
           | init....
           | 
           | QC startups should be funded because industry is a crucial
           | component of QC progress and large-scale QC labs (Google, IBM
           | e.t.c) can't work on all the ideas. The ideas that come from
           | startups do accelerate QC development.
        
         | wzeng wrote:
         | You can track resource estimates for different problems against
         | QC performance here: https://metriq.info/progress
         | 
         | It crowdsources new submissions to the chart if there are ones
         | you see missing (just open a PR)
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | The most remarkable thing is using frontier models to write and
       | then run code on quantum computers (eg IBM's). It's amazing --
       | you can even teach with a "creative coding" approach (without the
       | multiple courses in quantum physics).
       | 
       | It's not even the code that is the hardest part. In general, it
       | is very difficult to frame a given problem domain (ie, any other
       | field of science or optimization problem) as a problem
       | addressable with a quantum computer. Quantum computer scientists
       | have not made this easy--with LLMs, it still isn't trivial, but
       | it is a huge leap in accessibility.
       | 
       | Warning: LLMs hallucinate a ton within this area. Many things can
       | go wrong. But the fact that sometimes they are correct is amazing
       | to me.
       | 
       | We've run some studies showing the importance of expertise in
       | this area: participants with quantum background and coding skills
       | were much more effective at solving quantum problems with LLMs
       | than novices, for instance.
        
       | Escapado wrote:
       | My master thesis was on using machine learning techniques to
       | synthesise quantum circuits. Since any operation on a QC can be
       | represented as a unitary matrix my research topic was that, using
       | ML, given a set of gates, how many and in what arrangement of
       | them you could generate or at least approximate this matrix.
       | Another aspect was, given a unitary matrix, could a neural
       | network predict a number of gates needed to simulate that matrix
       | as a QC and thereby give us a measure of complexity. It was a lot
       | of fun to test different algorithms from genetic algorithms to
       | neural network architectures. Back then NNs were a lot smaller
       | and I trained them mostly on one GPU and since the matrices get
       | exponentially bigger with the amount of qbits in the circuit it
       | was only possible for me to investigate small circuits with less
       | than a dozen qubits but it was still nice to see that in
       | principle this worked quite well.
        
         | sigmoid10 wrote:
         | At which university? I literally know a guy who did exactly the
         | same thing for his master thesis. I'm wondering if the world is
         | so small or this specific topic is so common.
        
         | IIAOPSW wrote:
         | How did it do compared to the baseline of the solvoy kitaev
         | algorithm (and the more advanced algorithms that experts have
         | come up with since)?
         | 
         | How (if at all) can the ML approach come up with a circuit when
         | the unitary is too big to explicitly represent it as all the
         | terms in the matrix but the general form of it is known? Eg it
         | is known what the quantum fourier transform on N qubits is
         | defined to be, and consequently any particular element within
         | its matrix is easy to calculate, but you don't need (and
         | shouldn't try) to write it out as a 2^n x 2^n matrix to figure
         | out its implementation.
        
           | westurner wrote:
           | Solvay-Kiteav theorem:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solovay%E2%80%93Kitaev_theorem
           | 
           | /? Solvay-Kiteav theorem Cirq QISkit:
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=Solvay-
           | Kiteav+theorem+cirq+q...
           | 
           | qiskit/transpiler/passes/synthesis/solovay_kitaev_synthesis.p
           | y: https://github.com/Qiskit/qiskit/blob/main/qiskit/transpil
           | er...
           | 
           | qiskit/synthesis/discrete_basis/solovay_kitaev.py: https://gi
           | thub.com/Qiskit/qiskit/blob/stable/1.2/qiskit/synt...
           | 
           | SolovayKitaevDecomposition: https://docs.quantum.ibm.com/api/
           | qiskit/qiskit.synthesis.Sol...
           | 
           | What are more current alternatives to the Solvay-Kiteav
           | theorem for gate-based quantum computing?
        
         | OscarCunningham wrote:
         | I would be interesting if finding quantum circuits was one of
         | the things that quantum computers were good at.
        
         | Xcelerate wrote:
         | > given a unitary matrix, could a neural network predict a
         | number of gates needed to simulate that matrix as a QC and
         | thereby give us a measure of complexity
         | 
         | That's really interesting. I'm curious--did you explore whether
         | the predictivity of the neural network was influenced by any
         | hidden subgroup structure in the unitary matrix? Seems like the
         | matrix symmetries could play a significant role in determining
         | the gate complexity.
        
       | medo-bear wrote:
       | My next paper will be titled
       | 
       | Artificial Intelligence for Quantum Computing with Applications
       | to Blockchain ... in Rust
        
         | dghughes wrote:
         | Used to find a cure cancer but only on a Friday.
        
       | JanisErdmanis wrote:
       | One thing that comes to my mind and reminds me by looking into
       | the examples is the fragility of existing implementation
       | processes for quantum computers. Pulse optimisation, frequency
       | allocation to minimise cross-talk between qubits, and the
       | development of custom error correction codes tailored for
       | specific quantum computers, circuits, or computations are
       | unpredictable in their successes and, hence, inherently
       | unscalable. It looks like the primary use for AI here is to
       | optimise benchmark results for publishing rather than enable
       | practical quantum computations.
        
       | bastloing wrote:
       | Throw in some crypto and you've got a recipe for some great word
       | salad!
        
         | kaycebasques wrote:
         | Blockchain and AI algorithms yield novel insights in
         | superconductor quantum computing
        
           | dartos wrote:
           | I really believe that the confluence of these paradigm
           | shifting technologies will enable even greater gains in
           | productivity.
           | 
           | With our new AI enabled smart algorithms, we can meta-analyze
           | transactions in systems such as blockchain networks to
           | identify areas where resources can be more effectively
           | aggregated.
           | 
           | We also gave tight integration with salesforce and Jira,
           | enabling next-gen teams to conduct research and ship products
           | with much flatter management structure.
           | 
           | I wish word salad artist was a profession
        
       | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
       | Outside of a few odd citations in the intro (which is innocuous)
       | I don't see anything shady or dishonest in this paper after a
       | cursory skimming. But I do worry about 60% of the authors being
       | NVIDIA employees, where the corresponding author is not a staff
       | scientist, but rather a "technical marketing engineer" whose job
       | "focuses on inspiring developers by sharing examples of how
       | NVIDIA quantum technologies can accelerate research."[1] So I am
       | wondering about what articles _didn 't_ make it to this review,
       | where ANN/GPU-accelerated QC research didn't work very well or
       | was too expensive to justify. It makes me suspect I am being
       | advertised to, and that this paper must be read with an unusually
       | high degree of scrutiny.
       | 
       | Like I said: there's nothing obviously shady or dishonest here.
       | But this is also an arXiv paper, so no need for authors to
       | disclose conflicts of interest. (OpenAI has pioneered the
       | technique of using the arXiv to distribute academic infomercials
       | with zero scientific value.) And I worry about the distortion
       | this stuff has on honest scientific work. Bell Labs was always an
       | independent subsidiary: Bell's marketing staff did not take
       | ownership of Bell Labs' research. The fact that NVIDIA's marketer
       | has a PhD and an "engineer" title doesn't actually mitigate any
       | of this.
       | 
       | [1] https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/author/mawolf/
        
         | alw4s wrote:
         | meanwhile the 5M prize for the first real application of
         | quantum remains open..
         | 
         | quantum computing like string theory remains a scratch waiting
         | for an itch - ie, a boondoggle.
         | 
         | to be fair though, it is worth looking at something that has
         | the potential to break all of the encryption on the internet.
        
       | Jabbs wrote:
       | Aliens for Time Travel (is how I read this)
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Well, of course Aliens are for time travel. The universe is far
         | too long, we don't get to see anything interesting if we show
         | up after everybody is dead.
        
       | vivzkestrel wrote:
       | me and my friend used to joke about how to get VC funding a few
       | years ago and it's about to be true soon at this rate VC: what
       | are you building? me: Decentralized deep learning powered
       | vertical farming using quantum computing on the blockchainfor
       | onions
        
         | dartos wrote:
         | That's always how it works with tech investors
        
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