[HN Gopher] Thomas E. Kurtz has died
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Thomas E. Kurtz has died
        
       Author : 1986
       Score  : 470 points
       Date   : 2024-11-14 22:12 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (computerhistory.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (computerhistory.org)
        
       | toomuchtodo wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_E._Kurtz
        
       | EvanAnderson wrote:
       | Could we get a black bar for Dr. Kurtz, please?
       | 
       | The legacy of BASIC on our industry can hardly be understated.
       | The language and its mission at Dartmouth was innovative.
       | 
       | BASIC had immeasurable secondary effects simply by being the
       | first programming language so many new computer users were
       | exposed to (particularly near the dawn of personal computers).
       | 
       | Edit: I got sucked into some nostalgia.
       | 
       | Here's the 1964 edition of the Dartmouth BASIC reference:
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20120716185629/http://www.bitsave...
       | 
       | It's really charming, and I think it gives you a bit of the feel
       | for the time.
       | 
       | (I also particularly like, on page 21, the statement "TYPING IS
       | NO SUBSTITUTE FOR THINKING".)
        
         | marsten wrote:
         | That manual is a great find! Dr. Kurtz was surely way ahead of
         | his time in aiming to bring computing to the masses, well
         | before the microcomputer revolution. BASIC was an easy onramp
         | to programming that hooked a ton of people on computing,
         | especially kids of the 70s/80s like me. He shaped the future as
         | much as anyone.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | The funny thing is that I went undergrad to some big name
           | tech school in the late 70s and you barely had access to
           | computers without a specific need or for specific coursework.
           | (I took FORTRAN using punch cards and a mainframe.) At
           | Dartmouth for grad school, access to computing resources was
           | much more democratized, even though I was working in material
           | science.
        
             | pasc1878 wrote:
             | The reason for that is simple. money.
             | 
             | In my first year FORTRAN or cards as you say then the
             | University department bought a mini and used BASIC.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | About the next year the joint computer facility (i.e.
               | non-EE/CS) got a VAX but I never had a particular reason
               | to get an account.
               | 
               | Looking back, the EECS department was actually a pretty
               | active center for computer-related research. But
               | computers weren't widely-used elsewhere at the time.
        
         | matwood wrote:
         | The legacy was huge for me. As a kid I would type BASIC into
         | our TI "computer" that hooked up to our only TV. I was labeling
         | cables hoping no one would cut the power. We had no disc drive
         | to save what I typed.
         | 
         | Then years later as a college freshman during the dot com boom
         | I got my first job writing VB. Literally changed my life and
         | put me on a path where I was able to be better off than my
         | parents.
        
         | pieter_mj wrote:
         | In the manual they have the symbols for zero (0) and the letter
         | O switched.
         | 
         | This leads to the statement : F0R X=1 T0 1OO.
         | 
         | Was it really that way back(wards) in 1964?
        
         | johnnyanmac wrote:
         | I suppose it took a day, but there was nothing spookier than
         | replying on a different thread only to update with a black bar
         | and me frantically trying to figure out what happened over the
         | course of a few minutes of my typing.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | As someone who learned most pf what I know about programming in
       | BASIC back in the very early 1980s, this is sad news. We seem to
       | be losing good people all the time these days.
       | 
       | However
        
       | grahamj wrote:
       | Damn, learning BASIC was one of the first things I did after my
       | dad put together an Apple ][ clone. It paved the way for my
       | lifelong technology enthusiasm.
       | 
       |  _pours one out_
        
       | dlachausse wrote:
       | Like most of the programmers of my generation, BASIC was the
       | first language I learned. BASIC was so pervasive in the 80s and
       | 90s. Nearly every computer came with a copy of some flavor of
       | BASIC. Even my 6th grade math textbook had an appendix with
       | educational math games in the form of BASIC source code listings.
       | 
       | So long and thanks for all the fish Dr. Kurtz!
        
         | fuzztester wrote:
         | Why "thanks.*fish"? (regex, chill ;)
         | 
         | I know it is a saying, have read it before, but would prefer to
         | hear the explanation from a person rather than Google.
        
           | jpc0 wrote:
           | Hitchhiker's guide to the galaxy
        
             | mmcdermott wrote:
             | To add to this, it is revealed in Hitchhikers that dolphins
             | are super intelligent extraterrestrials. "So long and
             | thanks for all the fish" is the superintelligent dolphins
             | farewell to the last of earth/hummanity.
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | that's rather finny :)
               | 
               | or fishy.
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | if they are extraterrestrials, wtf are they doing on
               | terra, or rather, in / under oceania?
               | 
               | /jk
               | 
               | also, no way they can be superintelligent, if they came
               | here, even once. bcoz, u no, shipz propellers, orcas,
               | etc.
        
               | schoen wrote:
               | I'd say Douglas Adams novels are full of superintelligent
               | and/or superpowered entities that don't always think
               | things through properly. There's a serious Murphy's Law
               | flavor to his scenarios, even if you're the President of
               | the Galaxy or the Man Who Rules the Universe or a
               | planetary engineer or the most intelligent robot ever
               | built or whatever. You're still going to trip and fall,
               | or experience unrequited love, or get stranded on a
               | boring planet, or have an embarrassing misunderstanding,
               | or concoct a wacky scheme that goes wrong somehow.
        
               | kaba0 wrote:
               | Given human events, he was not wrong in that conclusion.
               | (If we even consider ourselves super intelligent)
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | astute - you and gp both.
        
               | rswail wrote:
               | I thought it was the mice that were the super intelligent
               | extraterrestrials?
        
               | markedathome wrote:
               | The mice were the mechanism by which the hyper-
               | intelligent, pan-dimensional beings observed their
               | experiment. The experiment being "what is the Ultimate
               | Question?" by running a 10 million year simulation.
        
               | kaba0 wrote:
               | I believe we were only the 3rd most intelligent on Earth,
               | or something like that? Both dolphins and mouse being
               | more intelligent.
        
             | fuzztester wrote:
             | Heard of the book, but have not read it, 41 times so far.
             | Next time ;)
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/42_(number)
        
         | runevault wrote:
         | I ended up using multiple versions of basic because the various
         | boot discs we had came with different versions. Off the top of
         | my head I remember BASIC, BASICA, and QBASIC. Not that I
         | remember the differences between the flavors any more.
        
       | senderista wrote:
       | For better or worse, I wouldn't be where I am without this guy.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | 10 PRINT "WE REMEMBER KURTZ"         20 GOTO 10
        
         | nurettin wrote:
         | in commodore if you put a comma at the end of the string, it
         | will put a space and continue on the same line, providing more
         | amusement as it scrolls less regularly.                   10
         | PRINT "WE REMEMBER KURTZ",         20 GOTO 10
        
       | whyage wrote:
       | Learning BASIC on a Commodore 64 as a teenager was a
       | transformative experience. It allowed me to revive the excitement
       | of playing Lego as a kid, but in a scalable way.
       | 
       | Thank you, Dr. Kurtz.
        
       | smarks wrote:
       | Like several others here, my first programming language was
       | BASIC. For this we owe Kurtz a debt of gratitude.
       | 
       | I know Dijkstra is famous for having said that we're mentally
       | mutilated beyond hope of regeneration, but you know, I kinda
       | think we didn't turn out half bad.
        
         | microtherion wrote:
         | I know literally zero working programmers who learned
         | programming the way Dijkstra thought it should be taught -- not
         | even Dijkstra himself, as Donald Knuth once gently pointed out.
         | 
         | Practically everybody in my generation started off with BASIC.
         | On the other hand, at some point (when?), this practice
         | stopped, and the newer generations turned out fine starting out
         | with more civilized languages.
        
           | niteshpant wrote:
           | Consider me naive, but what way did Dijkstra thought it
           | should be taught? Someone who first learned to code in QBASIC
        
             | themadturk wrote:
             | He probably thought programming students should be taught
             | Pascal, the academic language he pioneered. It is quite
             | different from BASIC.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | Pascal was Wirth, not Dijkstra.
        
               | themadturk wrote:
               | Sorry, misremembering my meager computing history...
        
             | Zamiel_Snawley wrote:
             | "On the Cruelty of Really Teaching Computer Science"[0]
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Cruelty_of_Reall
             | y_Tea...
        
             | microtherion wrote:
             | Dijkstra thought of computer science as a subdomain of
             | mathematics, and thought that hands-on experimentation with
             | actual computers would mostly lead students astray. A
             | program should all be worked out and proven correct before
             | (optionally) feeding it to a computer, and testing and even
             | more so debugging were abhorrent practices.
             | 
             | BASIC, on the other hand, is more aligned with what Seymour
             | Papert later came to call "Constructionism": the student
             | learns by experimentation.
        
               | tasty_freeze wrote:
               | It is the "correct by construction" approach vs the
               | "construct by correction" approach.
        
               | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
               | That's how it was with CS at Purdue when I was there in
               | beginning of the 1990's.
               | 
               | It was Computational Science, not Computer Science, and
               | was in the math department.
               | 
               | We did everything wiht pen and paper until I got into my
               | 300 level classes and we got access to the NeXT cubes and
               | IBM 3090.
               | 
               | I ended up switching to networking and the tech track,
               | but it was definitely different...
        
               | systemBuilder wrote:
               | Dijkstra was silly because everybody knows that Computer
               | Science is the parent field of mathematics.
               | 
               | Mathematics is the study of all O(1) algorithms.
               | 
               | Computer Science is all other algorithms!
        
             | schoen wrote:
             | Other commenters are completely right to mention his
             | concern for proofs and the "Cruelty of Really Teaching
             | Computer Science", but the most BASIC-specific thing that
             | he was associated with was criticism of the GOTO statement.
             | 
             | https://homepages.cwi.nl/~storm/teaching/reader/Dijkstra68.
             | p...
             | 
             | In original BASIC, the GOTO is a foundational mechanism and
             | a majority of programs would have used it, sometimes
             | extensively. Dijkstra thought for many reasons that this
             | wasn't good style and didn't promote clear thinking. And
             | yes, one consequence of that is that it would be harder to
             | prove programs correct or just to reason about whether they
             | were correct.
             | 
             | Programs that overuse GOTOs (or from the point of view of
             | later structured programming and functional programming
             | advocates, perhaps programs that use GOTOs at all) were
             | stigmatized as "spaghetti code".
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spaghetti_code
             | 
             | By the way, this concern is not _just_ about aesthetics:
             | some of the ideas that Dijkstra was advocating are arguably
             | those that newer programming languages like Haskell and
             | Rust can use to find bugs in code automatically at compile-
             | time, or to make it harder to write certain bugs at all.
             | The line between Dijkstra 's advocacy and these techniques
             | is complicated but I think there is a connection. So partly
             | we might say that Dijkstra was not just concerned with how
             | to make it easier for _humans_ to think clearly about
             | program correctness, but ultimately also about how to make
             | it easier for _computers_ to help humans automatically
             | determine (parts of) program correctness. And it 's true
             | that the GOTO style complicates that task.
        
               | tinco wrote:
               | Kind of ironic that nowadays many people in our
               | generation consider the newer generations to be lacking
               | fundamental education because they never used GOTO based
               | programming languages. I've talked to multiple people who
               | lamented that young programmers have never done assembly
               | or BASIC.
        
               | numbsafari wrote:
               | It's helpful to have a mental model of how the computer
               | works. I don't know if it's necessary that one have spent
               | mountains of time building real software using a GOTO/jmp
               | style, but having exposure to it would be nice, rather
               | than hiding it away.
               | 
               | Jeff Dunteman's assembly programming books included a
               | "chapter 0" that I always loved, and which really stuck
               | with me for how creatively they taught those topics.
        
               | kaba0 wrote:
               | I mean, CPUs do a _bunch_ of work to make us believe they
               | still operate just as a fast PDP-11, and I would wager
               | that besides compiler experts that work on the backend
               | parts of compilers, not many people have a real feel for
               | modern hardware (obviously besides those that actually
               | work _on_ that given hardware).
               | 
               | So I'm not convinced that even those who think they know
               | how it works know it actually.
        
               | shermantanktop wrote:
               | Assembly? Sure, that has some educational value.
               | 
               | BASIC? That's just nostalgia for poverty.
        
               | leoc wrote:
               | Not entirely. GOTO can be pretty nice! And even the lack
               | of structs probably has the advantage of helping to
               | prepare you for today's world where column-major is back
               | in style, for performance reasons.
        
             | Jtsummers wrote:
             | https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~EWD/transcriptions/OtherDocs/Has
             | k... - describing why, in 2001, he thought Haskell was a
             | good choice for a first college course in CS.
             | 
             | You can read many of his thoughts here:
             | https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~EWD/welcome.html
        
           | nonameiguess wrote:
           | To be fair to Dijkstra, he was writing about how he believed
           | university students should be taught. Two years before that
           | cruelty paper was published, I was getting my first exposure
           | ever to computer programming when my parents bought a
           | Commodore 64 that came with a BASIC manual that showed how to
           | make a Pong clone. I was 6 years old.
           | 
           | There's maybe an analogy to riding a bike. If you're aspiring
           | to compete in a grand tour, you probably want power meters,
           | lactate threshold and VO2 max tests in a lab, training that
           | is principled and somewhat scientific in the way it builds
           | toward a goal. If you're 6, your parents just put you on the
           | seat and push you until your balance gets good enough that
           | you can take the training wheels off.
        
             | lars_francke wrote:
             | Total aside: Training wheels are a thing I remember from my
             | youth but today (at least here) they are barely used at all
             | anymore.
             | 
             | I'm still used to the phrase (taking the training wheels
             | off) but I'm fairly certain my kids will grow up not using
             | it.
        
               | rswail wrote:
               | The sort of pushbikes for littler kids lets them learn
               | balance and steering before also having to learn how to
               | pedal and brake.
               | 
               | So half the learning happens on those pushbikes before
               | they move to real bikes.
        
         | crest wrote:
         | Enough LISP _and_ Assembler can eventually cure the worst BASIC
         | inflicted brain damage, but some scars remain.
        
           | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
           | Messing with hardware and Forth... fun times
        
         | lgeorget wrote:
         | My first ever programming language was VBA for Excel because I
         | found a magazine with a tutorial on that laying around in my
         | father's office, no idea why. I think the second one was the
         | Basic on my Texas Instruments calculator.
        
       | _sys49152 wrote:
       | basic gang stand up
        
       | linsomniac wrote:
       | I also cut my teeth with BASIC. First was on the Apple ][s at
       | school, then I got a Vic-20 at home. A lot of the cooler games
       | for the Vic-20 were just a boatload of integer data you had to
       | type in from magazines, not a very educational experience. Then I
       | got access to an HP system with Rocky Mountain BASIC, which was a
       | pretty sweet system. A few years later I got my first
       | professional experience by working on the RM BASIC port to HP/UX
       | as a tester. ~5 years later I came back to RMB working on a
       | production test management system called Functional Test Manager,
       | and I just had lunch with a guy I worked with on that a couple
       | days ago.
       | 
       | BASIC was, I'm realizing as I write this, an integral part of my
       | career. RIP Thomas.
        
       | bastloing wrote:
       | So sad, he helped lots of us kids learn something that would
       | later turn into a productive career.
        
       | gip wrote:
       | As a teenager I went to a science fair organized by the Communist
       | party (true story and obviously it wasn't in the US). A guy there
       | was explaining how computers works and he took the time to show
       | me BASIC. I wrote my first program that day and found it
       | fascinating. I was enthusiastic about learning more so I asked my
       | Dad for a computer. Said he "Study Math, it's exactly the same".
       | 
       | My next real contact with computers was 15 years later.
        
       | vincent-manis wrote:
       | I was 13 when DTSS was introduced, so never had an opportunity to
       | learn programming with Basic. Fortunately, that didn't harm me,
       | and I've managed to compensate for this disadvantage.
       | 
       | I don't want in any way to minimize the impact of a language
       | designed for non-experts. But, while Basic, and its many
       | limitations, was the best that could be done with the relatively
       | limited systems it was first implemented on, it doesn't scale. I
       | recall, around 1970, building an interactive front end for an
       | inventory system, using a commercial company's version of
       | Dartmouth (or GE) Basic. It came to about 900 lines, and even I
       | couldn't make sense of it.
       | 
       | It's a mistake to believe that non-experts write 20-line mortgage
       | programs, or 50-line dice games. If what you're teaching them has
       | any value, they will naturally want to write programs that grow
       | organically as they understand the problem better. Dartmouth
       | Basic is a language in amber, best understood as what could be
       | done given the equipment of the 1960s, and the understanding of
       | programming development at the time. It was neither better nor
       | worse than other interactive languages of the time, for example,
       | JOSS (which begat PIL, DEC's FOCAL, and even the horrific MUMPS,
       | closer to our time).
       | 
       | I think that the true value of Kemeny and Kurtz's contribution
       | was encouraging programming as a thing for "ordinary" people,
       | rather than a priesthood. The language they invented was
       | developed prior to clear understandings of structured, object-
       | oriented, and functional programming, all of which have something
       | to say even to non-experts. (And, yes, Microsoft continued to
       | produce products with "Basic" in their names, but they have
       | little to do with anything that was developed at Dartmouth.)
       | 
       | So, kudos to all the folks who learned their programming with
       | Dartmouth-style Basic. But I think there are a lot of modern
       | tools that not only help non-experts write short programs, but
       | scale well as their knowledge and skill grows. Smalltalk was one
       | system that demonstrated that, but in more recent memory, Python
       | and Racket are also good examples.
       | 
       | By comparison with film, Georges Melies did some amazing work in
       | 1900, but nobody would confuse that with the work of modern
       | directors.
       | 
       | (I don't want to get into a discussion of What Is The One True
       | Introductory Language; I have my opinions on that, but they are
       | not relevant here. Instead, I am trying to put the very
       | significant contribution of Kemeny and Kurtz--democratizing
       | computing--into what I see as a better perspective.)
        
         | SoftTalker wrote:
         | I mean, I don't disagree, but you might be surprised at the
         | scale of systems that were written in BASIC, well into the
         | 1990s and probably beyond that. And not the modern Microsoft
         | Visual incarnation of it but the old, line-numbered, GOTO/GOSUB
         | and everything-is-global classic style.
         | 
         | For a while I worked at a financial company and all their
         | internal systems were in BASIC. They had dozens if not hundreds
         | of internal users, all running on dumb terminals connected to a
         | couple of servers that ran those BASIC programs. This was
         | online transactional systems as well as nightly batch jobs. The
         | programmers were mostly not computer science people but
         | ordinary, smart people who understood the business and did a
         | good job with the tools they had. It wasn't all a mountain of
         | spaghetti, they had put a lot of thought into their standards
         | and practices and documentation and it was pretty easy to work
         | on.
         | 
         | It was used for far more than short programs and teaching.
        
           | vincent-manis wrote:
           | I am not surprised that large-scale programs were written in
           | Dartmouth Basic, or that those programs satisfied the needs
           | of their users. Some program libraries include programs in
           | unstructured Fortran IV, which have been running
           | satisfactorily for 60 years. Similarly, some very complex
           | hospital systems were written in Mumps (aka M), in which, due
           | to both the language and the programming style used, programs
           | looked more or less like line noise.
           | 
           | I once consulted for a company that had a product written in
           | Pick Basic. This product had been sold around the world, and
           | was very successful in their market. They wanted to modernize
           | the product, so they went to a big DBMS vendor with a target
           | business problem; the vendor said it would take several
           | months to produce a sample solution. The company gave me the
           | problem description. The next day I went back with a PoC
           | program, 50 or so lines of C++. I emphasized that I had used
           | C++ just because it was convenient (and that really any
           | standard language would do), explained what parts of the
           | problem were not addressed, and estimated that the entire
           | program would take about a week's work to do. The client
           | agreed on this, but said (a) that they needed a solution that
           | was compatible with Pick Basic, and (b) their programmers
           | only knew Pick Basic and wouldn't be any good at learning
           | anything else. I don't know what became of the client and
           | their product. (The Pick system was a combination of a
           | variant of Dartmouth Basic and a DBMS.)
           | 
           | I'm not in any way saying that Dartmouth Basic is useless. I
           | am saying that creating this language was NOT the flash of
           | genius Kemeny and Kurtz actually had, but that making
           | computing accessible to non-experts was the actual point.
        
       | anta40 wrote:
       | BASIC (QB, and VB6) were my earliest exposures to programming. As
       | a high schooler in 2001, only a very few were interested in
       | learning programming (yes the geeks). Good old times.
       | 
       | Eventually I switched to Java because of mobile apps (J2ME), and
       | still make a living from it.
       | 
       | RIP Thomas Kurtz.
        
       | dxbydt wrote:
       | 96! Lived a full life. RIP.
       | 
       | I wrote a lot of QBASIC. 1986-90ish, old Bangalore. I was 12.
       | There was no Mac or Unix or Windows in India those days. Only
       | MSDOS. I had a 386 box. I would insert a 5.25" floppy, boot into
       | command.com, then CD to GWBASIC.EXE and enter GWBASIC. Wrote a
       | lot of GWBASIC to annoy friends and family by emitting high
       | pitched sounds. You could do SOUND 2000+i, j, where i is the
       | frequency & j was duration. You could even control volume from
       | BASIC. I would put that in a WHILE WEND loop and make it go
       | crazy. People didn't know how to turn it off once it got going.
       | Then suddenly one day DOS went away and we had something called
       | MS WINDOWS 3.1 and you had to insert a white round ball into a
       | mouse and click on icons, no more command line, and even GWBASIC
       | was gone, they put QBASIC and it came with snake program. Then I
       | got into the graphics craze. We had a CGA & so I did SCREEN 2,
       | then used LINE and CIRCLE to my heart's content. Few colors only.
       | Then we upgraded to VGA monitor then SCREEN 12 was a full
       | 640x480, I wrote QBASIC to make annoying sounds while drawing. It
       | was an amazing childhood, thanks to this miracle language. BASIC
       | led to something called CLIPPER, then I did some FOXPRO, got paid
       | actual rupees to write an inventory control system in FOXPRO,
       | then MFC, Borland C++...all the way upto today.
       | 
       | But it all started with BASIC. Amazing language. Thank you, Dr.
       | Kurtz.
        
         | gtirloni wrote:
         | Same here, owe him a lot it was also my first programming
         | language (on 286's).
         | 
         | It's interesting that you mention GWBASIC specifically because
         | that was also the BASIC I had access to. It doesn't seem this
         | variant was popular in the US.
         | 
         | Also learned CLIPPER and created all sorts of tools and
         | business apps. Yet another thing that seemed very localized.
        
       | YZF wrote:
       | BASIC on the Sinclair ZX-81 was how I started somewhere around
       | 1982. A whopping 1KB of memory. 24 lines of 32 characters each.
       | Hooked to my parent's TV with me coding on the floor.
       | 
       | RIP
        
       | pico303 wrote:
       | I first learned to program in CBASIC on an Eagle II (Z80), then
       | later TI-BASIC, and finally MSBASIC. Thank you, Mr. Kurtz, for
       | introducing me to a wonderful career and fond memories of hacking
       | "BASIC Computer Games" by David Ahl into my early PCs.
        
       | peagreen wrote:
       | Tom Kurtz and John Kemeny and BASIC changed my life, too. I wrote
       | my first BASIC program in 1970 [0] and starting in high school
       | the next year spent hours with the Model 33 Teletype in our
       | school's computer room, programming in BASIC via the school
       | district's HP-2000 time-sharing system. Ultimately I decided to
       | go to Dartmouth because of their undergraduate computer
       | philosophy. Any kind of computer access was a big deal back then,
       | and being able to program really distinguished you compared to
       | the rest of one's age cohort when it came to applying for grad.
       | schools, jobs, etc. So I feel like I've been riding the crest of
       | that early 1970s wave ever since, despite the explosion of
       | skilled people in younger cohorts.
       | 
       | It was a remarkable and fleeting time. If I were 13 years old
       | now, I don't know of a comparable skill that could so
       | effortlessly propel a person forward.
       | 
       | [0] Here it is:                  10 LET N=5^2.5             20
       | PRINT N             30 END
       | 
       | The answer (55 and something) was a revelation. I didn't know
       | about logarithms then, so the meaning of fractional exponents was
       | a complete mystery. I had to ask my math teacher to make sense of
       | the answer.
        
         | fuzztester wrote:
         | Being rusty at school math, I was going to ask you how to solve
         | that, then decided to google it.
         | 
         | I typed "5 to the power of 2.5", and after a few clicks, got
         | this (with 'math solver' shown in the search box:
         | 
         | https://www.google.com/search?q=5%5E(2.5)
         | 
         | There is a button to show solving steps.
         | 
         | There is also a Quora answer that shows two different ways of
         | solving it, using properties of exponents.
         | 
         | Cool. Now I need to go brush up on my school math. :)
        
       | rswail wrote:
       | 1977 I typed my first program into an ASR33 (connected by serial
       | to a PDP-11/10):
       | 
       | 10 PRINT "HELLO"
       | 
       | 20 END
       | 
       | RUN
       | 
       | I was hooked.
        
       | rswail wrote:
       | How do we get a black bar for this?
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Like many BASIC was my first programming language, Timex 2068
       | BASIC to be more exact.
       | 
       | Followed by GW-BASIC and Turbo BASIC.
       | 
       | Not only it was my entry path into the computing world as a kid,
       | it also showed me how to do systems programming in a language
       | kind of safe, alongside Z80 and 8086 Assembly.
       | 
       | Turbo Pascal was the next in the learning path, after those BASIC
       | variants.
       | 
       | Many thanks to Dr. Kutz and Dr.Kemeny, and those that built upon
       | their work, for setting me free into the computing world without
       | being tainted C is the true and only path to systems programming.
        
       | oliviersca wrote:
       | I wrote my first line of BASIC in 1976, if I remember correctly!
       | I was 15 years old, and my dad and I went to a trade fair. There
       | was an IBM booth there. A man invited me to try a moon-landing
       | game. It was on an IBM 5100. I asked my dad what happened to the
       | characters that scrolled off the top of the screen! Since he
       | wasn't at all into tech, he asked the IBM engineer to explain it
       | to me. And that's when I knew it was my thing! I wrote my first
       | few lines of BASIC right there! The following year, there was a
       | Hewlett Packard booth where an HP-9825A (I think?) was drawing
       | Lissajous figures on a plotter. I was mesmerized! The next year,
       | I start working during my holidays to buy an HP-25. The year
       | after that, I got a TRS-80 Model 1 Level II and started
       | programming it in BASIC. I didn't know much at the time. I even
       | bought the Editor/Assembler, thinking it would increase the
       | screen resolution! After that, it was an Atari ST (with Megamax C
       | and GFA BASIC), and then PCs with a whole variety of languages
       | ...
       | 
       | What has always impressed me is that some people managed, in just
       | a few days, weeks, or months, to invent languages used by
       | millions of people, sometimes for their entire lives! What an
       | impact!
       | 
       | Mr. Kurtz, you may not have created the best language, but what
       | you did create brought joy and inspired a whole generation of
       | young programmers. Joy that, I feel, has somewhat faded today.
       | Unless you're coding in Rust!
       | 
       | Thank you, Mr. Kurtz!
        
         | systemBuilder wrote:
         | OMG you lived my dream. In 1976 I was 14 years old and started
         | programming for the first time on the PLATO SYSTEM (university
         | of illinois), the first computer with plasma screens, 1000
         | terminals, SOCIAL NETWORKS, MICROSOFT FLIGHT SIMULATOR (it was
         | called airfight was the name back then), the FIRST DUNGEON GAME
         | (pedit5 / dnd). As I mowed lawns I dreamed of buying an HP-25
         | or SR-52 calculator or maybe an IMSAI 8080 computer of my own
         | so badly! I eventually taught PLATO how to simulate a pocket
         | football game, and wrote BASIC programs using a toy interpreter
         | but they didn't have a way to store programs when your session
         | was finished! :-(
        
       | cfmcdonald wrote:
       | I interviewed Thomas Kurtz at his home in 2010 for my
       | dissertation on the "computer utility" vision of the 60s and 70s
       | (which foresaw a world of large computer utilities that would
       | function like AT&T or an electrical power company, but for
       | electronic services).
       | 
       | He was long-since retired, but still living in the hills of New
       | Hampshire near Dartmouth. Unfortunately I can't find my interview
       | notes right now, but I do remember that he was very kind and
       | welcoming. What he and John Kemeny did at Dartmouth was truly
       | remarkable. For them the technology (time-sharing and BASIC) was
       | a means to an end of educating and empowering students, and
       | ultimately society as a whole.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | We would love to read your dissertation if you don't mind
         | sharing.
         | 
         | Edit: Thank you for sharing! Looking forward to reading it.
        
           | cfmcdonald wrote:
           | It's available on my blog website:
           | https://technicshistory.com/wp-
           | content/uploads/2016/11/cfm_7...
           | 
           | I did capture there his most choice quote from the interview:
           | 
           | > Kurtz later said that he and Kemeny saw MAC's agenda as
           | totally different from Dartmouth's--MIT was trying to design
           | the theoretically best computer utility, with layers of
           | security "and all that kind of crap."
        
       | cobrabyte wrote:
       | I am eternally grateful to Dr. Kurtz for his work on BASIC. I'm
       | sure I'm not alone in saying that BASIC was my first foray into
       | programming as a young teen, and it sparked my love for
       | programming. RIP
        
       | whartung wrote:
       | What's curious is how one of the reasons Pascal was derided was
       | due to the limitations of the original system followed by the
       | incompatibilities of the implementations that reached the market.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, BASIC, which I think it could be argued was the
       | backbone of the mini and micro computing industry for 20 years,
       | was all over the map in terms of implementation and features.
       | 
       | None of the BASICs I used were compatible outside the
       | fundamentals of expressions and the core data types, and even
       | then they all handled strings differently.
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | It seems to me that people had different levels of expectations
         | for BASIC and Pascal.
         | 
         | BASIC was a teaching language. Yeah, people pushed it to write
         | production systems, but it was still a jumped-up teaching
         | language, and everybody knew it. People did serious work with
         | it, but it was still a "toy" language. If you had a serious
         | program written in BASIC, it wasn't expected to be portable.
         | 
         | Pascal started as a teaching language, too, but it got taken
         | more as a "serious" language. (To be fair, it did have _far_
         | better control constructs than BASIC...) It got hyped as a
         | "serious" language. But it wasn't able to reach the bar set by
         | those expectations, for the reasons you state.
         | 
         | Could you have written the same applications in Pascal that
         | were written in BASIC? Almost certainly. Would you have been
         | better off doing so? Definitely.
         | 
         | Maybe the difference was, BASIC was more approachable - it was
         | something a 10-year-old could tinker with. Pascal was more a
         | thing that college kids could tinker with. So Pascal had higher
         | expectations. The same kind of limitations were more a
         | violation of the expectations.
        
         | coliveira wrote:
         | The difference is that BASIC was an interpreted language, which
         | was considered to be necessarily non-portable and only useful
         | for teaching and small scale systems. And in fact we have no
         | large software written in pascal (at least the original
         | version). Pascal was designed as a compiled language that could
         | potentially be used to write large scale systems, but had
         | serious limitations in this respect.
        
       | mitchbob wrote:
       | Is the HN black bar for Kurtz?
        
         | Applejinx wrote:
         | I assume that must be why it's there, and good for Hacker News
         | to do it. 10 GOTO 10 for a great one.
        
       | latchkey wrote:
       | BASIC on an Apple IIe in the early 1980's was my first language.
       | 
       | RIP Kurtz.
        
       | andrewstuart2 wrote:
       | @dang, it would be really cool to see
       | news.ycombinator.com/halloffame, or
       | news.ycombinator.com/pioneers, or something like that as another
       | item under news.ycombinator.com/lists for a list of these
       | pioneers who get the black bar memorial. Learning more about the
       | history of computers and the lesser-known pioneers who made it
       | happen is always cool, though bittersweet when the black bar is
       | up, of course.
        
         | aqweflk wrote:
         | Seconded. The best we can do right now is
         | 
         | https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
        
       | nfriend wrote:
       | QBasic was my first language! I recently stumbled across all my
       | old QBasic programs from my childhood and resurrected them with
       | DOSBox: https://origins.nathanfriend.com/
        
       | chuckadams wrote:
       | 96 RETURN
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Eloquent. Brought tears to my eyes, in fact.
        
       | pie_flavor wrote:
       | My first programming experience was with BASIC on my dad's TRS-80
       | machine. (In 2011.) It's crazy to think of the impact this man
       | had - a whole generation of computers put scripting tools
       | straight in the user's hands when they could easily have turned
       | out purchased-software-only. A lot of devs were minted from
       | Kurtz's tools.
        
       | themaninthedark wrote:
       | Old BASIC programmers don't die they just GOSUB and without
       | RETURN
        
       | jader201 wrote:
       | I can definitely say I wouldn't be sitting where I am -- a
       | software engineer, professionally for 27 years, but tinkering
       | with programming for much more than that -- had I not started by
       | learning BASIC on my PC Jr. (I still have fond memories of this
       | cartridge [1])!
       | 
       | It was such a fun and easy language to start out with (around 10
       | years old). I had no idea at the time that it would lead me to
       | where I am today. I can't imagine the number of people that have
       | been influenced by him and BASIC.
       | 
       | Thank you, Dr. Kurtz.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_PCjr#/media/File:IBM_PC_Jr...
        
       | systemBuilder wrote:
       | In high school (late 1970s) I inherited (from my deceased
       | father), a white book with red/yellow titling as "The Basic
       | Programming Language" (the lettering on the front appeared to be
       | in IBM check-writing font). In the appendix were about 10 basic
       | programs including one in particular that would produce a
       | meaningless technical report of arbitray length! I read the book,
       | learned basic, and typed in a few of the programs (I had access
       | to the UIUC CSL Dec-20 system). What a great time to be alive!
       | 
       | I am aware that the first STAR TREK game was written in Basic,
       | using 10x10 quadrants and maybe a 10x10 quadrant universe. I
       | eventually wrote an enhanced version of this called "Swords and
       | Sorcery" but using a fantasy theme, not a space theme ...
       | 
       | I was so enamored with the BASIC programming language that a
       | couple of years later I wrote a miniature interpreter on the
       | PLATO system, at first trying to do a primitive BASIC language,
       | but later I settled on doing a forth interpreter because RPN was
       | so much easier to execute ...
       | 
       | Thank you, Dr. Kurtz. Your project helped make my youth a never
       | ending joy of discovering new things! :-) :-)
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | BASIC was my programming mother tongue in my Swedish high school
       | in 1975!
       | 
       | It took a while before I let go of my suspicion of languages
       | without line numbers :)
       | 
       | Maybe I would have picked up programming later some other way,
       | but I'm not at all sure. So BASIC may have set me on a very
       | rewarding path in life!
        
       | jcadam wrote:
       | First programming language for me was Apple Integer Basic on the
       | ][e. Got me hooked on coding.
        
       | tedd4u wrote:
       | The B in BASIC stands for "beginner." AppleSoft BASIC on an Apple
       | ][+ was my first programming experience -- in kindergarten
       | (1979). I was 5, and with help from my brother and my dad, I was
       | able to learn and program independently. When you turn a machine
       | like that on, its default mode is just a blinking cursor and a
       | BASIC REPL. But you could do amazing things right from BASIC with
       | the ]['s colorful low-res graphics (and slightly less colorful
       | hi-res graphics) using the family TV as the monitor. All the
       | motivation I needed. Thank you Dr. Kurtz! (and Woz!)
        
       | kevindamm wrote:
       | The legacy of BASIC is outstanding. I learned BASIC because
       | there's a BASIC ROM in the hardware of the Atari 800XL that I was
       | fortunate to have access to when I was very young. The language
       | was easy enough to pick up from sample programs in the back of
       | its instruction manual, even for a kid who didn't know anyone who
       | knew anything about computers.
       | 
       | I never met Kurtz personally but I owe a lot to that language for
       | the access to virtually limitless creativity that computers and
       | computer programming have offered. My life would be very
       | different if I didn't have the opportunity that the language
       | provided, especially because it is both approachable and
       | (somewhat) capable.
       | 
       | Sure, it's not the best language for large scale or complex
       | efforts, but it was enough for a child to be able to build text
       | adventures and blit pixels to the screen (it would be another
       | decade before I found out that INT was about interrupt, not
       | integers). Then, as a teenager fooling around with writing games
       | for the class calculators in TI-BASIC, even though that's a bit
       | farther down the language family tree, that also had a positive
       | impact on my growth as a developer and it was the first of many
       | "same but different" experiences that you so often get in the
       | realm of programming. I was also quite fortunate, that launched
       | an early game dev career for me.
       | 
       | To be honest, I wouldn't have recognized the name Thomas E. Kurtz
       | before yesterday, but my mind will light up with dozens of fond
       | memories at the mention of BASIC. I'm not surprised that he was
       | so involved in instructional computing (but I am surprised I
       | never looked into the author(s) of BASIC before, a little
       | ashamed, but I'll remember his name). I actually still have the
       | same Atari 800XL from my childhood and I'll think of him when I
       | see it now.
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | BASIC was my gateway to missing over two weeks of classes because
       | I cobbled together a fishing game during my freshman year of high
       | school that apparently was worthy of winning at the regional and
       | state science fairs for 4 consecutive years without changes.
       | 
       | Mission Accomplished.
       | 
       | Thank you, Dr. Kurtz.
        
       | edem wrote:
       | Note that [Istvan
       | Nemere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istv%C3%A1n_Nemere) also
       | died (Hungarian novelist, wrote more than 700 books), died at 80.
        
       | theanonymousone wrote:
       | Not a good year for PL pioneers, starting with Nicklaus Wirth's
       | passing.
       | 
       | We all owe Basic a lot. No "modern" tech has filled that
       | position. Rest in peace.
        
         | gerikson wrote:
         | Age comes for us all.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | I originally learned to program with BASIC. When I was designing
       | D, I thought back to how easy and natural string manipulation was
       | in BASIC, and what a festering swamp of bugs it was in C.
       | 
       | Having strings as easy and correct in D was a major priority, and
       | history has shown that this was a success.
       | 
       | P.S. Whenever I review C code, I first look at the string
       | manipulation. The probability of finding a bug in it is near
       | certainty. Question for the people who disagree - without looking
       | it up, how does strncpy() deal with 0 termination?
       | 
       | Thank you, Thomas Kurtz!
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | Wow! I've read your comments many times on HN and I never
         | realized you were the creator of D.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | I still think of Walter as the creator of Empire, who later
           | went on to create D.
           | 
           | The FM synthesis Hall of the Mountain King will be burned
           | into my memories forever.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I keep thinking about training an AI to play Empire. It
             | would kick ass!
        
         | Gibbon1 wrote:
         | I was thinking that same thing recently with the embedded code
         | I work on. I was thinking if BASIC could handle strings on Z80
         | with 4k of ROM and 16K (woo hoo!) of static RAM why do I have
         | to put up with C strings on an ARM running at 48MHz?
        
         | DamonHD wrote:
         | Arrrgh! I think that I may have unintentionally insulted you in
         | about 1987 when (as a callow youth) I was trying to pick a
         | language for an embedded/robotics system. I believe that I
         | spoke to you on the phone about ... ahem ... C, which you
         | answered politely but somewhat through gritted teeth...
         | 
         | In the end I went for C, and the OS ended up in this thing:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u8ZEUwwOYxo&t=72s
         | 
         | I still cringe about that call!
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | What was the call about?
           | 
           | Don't worry about it, I don't remember it! I have come to
           | regret a lot of stupid things I said when I was younger.
        
             | DamonHD wrote:
             | Well, it was a while ago... I was trying to choose a
             | language to use for our start-up's tiny (2kB EPROM, 2kB
             | RAM?) Z80A system, alongside some assembler, and I was
             | basically having to write an OS/runtime for the robot that
             | I designed the hardware for as well. I was about out of my
             | depth. Candidate languages were, I think, BCPL, B, C and D,
             | and I got mixed up and spoke to you about C. (It is
             | possible that I spoke to the B or BCPL guy rather than
             | you.) But in any case, asking one language's creator to
             | extol the virtues of a different language is not clever!
             | %-P Ouch!
             | 
             | Does the name "Grey Matter" ring any bells for you?
             | (Software reseller, still seems to exist...)
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | 1987 predates D by about 15 years!
               | 
               | No, I don't recall the name. It was a long time ago.
               | Sorry.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Back in the 80s, a coworker (knowing I was in the C
               | compiler business) came to me and asked "my husband wants
               | to get into C programming, which compiler should he use?"
               | (At the time, there were about 30 C compilers available
               | for DOS.) I replied, Datalight C!
               | 
               | She laughed, touched my elbow, and said "oh no, not
               | _your_ compiler! "
               | 
               | Another coworker (Eric Engstrom, yes, that guy!) heard
               | this and let out huge belly laugh. She suddenly realized
               | what she had said, and got very embarrassed. (I won't
               | print her name. I've long since forgiven her! I just
               | thought it was funny.)
               | 
               | Good ole' Eric. Truly larger than life. I miss him.
        
       | leettools wrote:
       | It seems that it is all fond memories for people whose first
       | program was written in BASIC ... I am one of them.
       | 
       | Thank you, Thomas Kurtz, for starting us on a life-changing
       | adventure.
        
         | strictnein wrote:
         | I'm in the same camp. I was 5 or 6 when I was reading books
         | full of code and typing them into our C64. And writing
         | wonderful programs like:                  10 PRINT "My sister
         | is dumb"        20 PRINT "I am cool!!"        30 GOTO 10
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | I guess I owe a lot to Mr Kurtz too.
       | 
       | The first time I signed into a dial-up BBS, it asked me to make
       | up a handle. My GWBasic manual was sitting in front of me. I
       | still use that name to this day.
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | "DTSS was unveiled on May 1, 1964, along with BASIC. By that
       | fall, hundreds of students were exploring BASIC on the 20
       | terminals around campus."
       | 
       | How far have we come! I just looked up and Dartmouth had about
       | 3000 students at that time, so one time sharing terminal per 150
       | students!
        
       | chadd wrote:
       | C64 BASIC got me started in my career. So grateful!
        
       | DebtDeflation wrote:
       | My first exposure to computers was at the age of 9, summer of
       | 1982, my parents signed me up for computer camp and we learned
       | BASIC on a TRS-80 with a cassette drive
       | 
       | 10 PRINT "Joe is cool"
       | 
       | 20 GOTO 10
       | 
       | ENTER
       | 
       | <Raises hand> "Help me!"
        
       | wslh wrote:
       | RIP. An interview [0].
       | 
       | I started learning Logo as a kid on a TI-99/4A, and I was
       | fortunate to have a personal teacher who introduced me to BASIC
       | on an Apple II/e-compatible computer (Franklin ACE 1000). This
       | early exposure allowed me to explore programming in all
       | directions and share my knowledge by teaching and helping friends
       | on various platforms like Commodores (including the Amiga),
       | Sinclairs, Texas Instruments, MSX, BBC, and more. BASIC truly was
       | everywhere.
       | 
       | BASIC also served as a bridge to Assembly language [1], with
       | powerful features like PEEK, POKE, CALL, and SYS. It's remarkable
       | that Visual Basic later became such a success, ultimately passing
       | its legacy to .NET in more recent times. There was also a trend
       | of microcontrollers supporting BASIC around the 2000s.
       | 
       | On a personal note, I was amazed as a kid when I discovered the
       | power of MID$ and used it to write my own programming language.
       | That experience felt like pure magic.
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://www.dartmouth.edu/library/rauner/archives/oral_histo...
       | 
       | [1] http://swain.webframe.org/tshirts/peek_and_poke_zoom.jpg
        
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