[HN Gopher] Visualizing World War II
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Visualizing World War II
        
       Author : gaws
       Score  : 320 points
       Date   : 2024-11-11 21:28 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (nathangoldwag.wordpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (nathangoldwag.wordpress.com)
        
       | jonpurdy wrote:
       | I expected to spend a couple of minutes browsing this, yet 25
       | minutes later I'm not even halfway through.
       | 
       | The best (so far) are the ones above the strings "on June 2nd,
       | 1940" and "effort by Russian War Relief". I can't imagine the
       | amount of research and sheer work (especially pre-internet) to
       | create these.
       | 
       | I was a kid who played SimCity 2000, RISK, and had tons of books
       | about geography. Having physical pieces of paper that I'd spend
       | minutes or hours analyzing was so satisfying. Scrolling around
       | Google Earth or doing GIS-based analysis is also satisfying, but
       | I really got a kick out of looking at this post (putting aside
       | the seriousness of WW2).
        
       | ww2supercut wrote:
       | I recently finished a large World War II project that covered the
       | full timeline of the war, and Google Maps was a valuable tool to
       | follow what was happening in any given battle. The problem is
       | Google Maps has more detail than you need, so trying to follow
       | something like Operation Market Garden is much more difficult
       | than just looking at this beautiful battle map:
       | https://www.alamy.com/a-bridge-too-far-image68088140.html. "The
       | West Point Atlas of War" is another great resource.
       | 
       | Maps cover the spatial side of war, but in addition it's
       | difficult to follow the timeline. My project stitched popular
       | World War II movies together into a chronological series, making
       | it easier to see what was happening across the world at any given
       | time. You can view the episodes and the full blog post here:
       | https://open.substack.com/pub/ww2supercut/p/combining-143-wo....
       | And in addition "The Second World War" by Churchill's biographer
       | Martin Gilbert, is a chronological, 750 page book that I couldn't
       | put down.
        
         | ICameToComment wrote:
         | This should be a Hacker News frontpage posting all by itself.
         | I'm deeply impressed.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | Seconded. This is awesome
        
             | ww2supercut wrote:
             | Thanks for the kind words!
        
         | WesleyLivesay wrote:
         | Now I am wondering if there are any deep studies of "World War
         | 2 movie scenes where they talk to a map" from movies. That
         | scene from A Bridge Too Far is a great example of giving the
         | audience some spatial understanding both quickly and using the
         | scene for character building as well.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | 8 seconds of Star Wars (ANH) was used to establish the time
           | and space background for the "battle of Yavin":
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3yWrXPck6SI#t=20s and the
           | rest of that scene plays out in the real time (15min) given
           | during those eight seconds.
           | 
           | In contrast, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEv999K5Lr0 ,
           | with a similar theme and screen time, is nowhere close to
           | real time or distances. (although I guess Star Wars did have
           | a strong advantage in being fictional)
        
             | buildsjets wrote:
             | Virtually the entire Battle of Yavin was directly copied
             | from the old WWII movie "The Dambusters". The dialog, the
             | planning scenes, the special targeting device, the trench
             | run, the sequence of battle, Lucas pretty much ganked it
             | all.
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/lNdb03Hw18M?si=LRuJEFmZEK5vGN_s
        
         | pif wrote:
         | > Google Maps has more detail than you need
         | 
         | I'd happily pay for a version of Google Maps where you can hide
         | the streets and highlight the borders between countries,
         | states, provinces and so on.
        
           | FredPret wrote:
           | I think Google Earth has that option
        
           | briandear wrote:
           | You can do that with Apple Maps.
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | > I recently finished a large World War II project that covered
         | the full timeline of the war
         | 
         | When I was in high school I really wanted to make a full blown
         | website with a timeline of WW2, using something like timelineJS
         | (or whatever was available back then), with Wikipedia articles
         | for all events, chronologically and filterable/organised by
         | theatre. Never got around to actually making it, because it
         | would be a massive undertaking.
         | 
         | Related, if anyone is interested in a chronological telling of
         | WW2 in video format, I can recommend the World War 2 channel,
         | ran by real historians, with an episode a week (+ specials
         | covering special events or topics or people):
         | https://www.youtube.com/@WorldWarTwo
        
         | vundercind wrote:
         | Veeery interesting. After realizing that Tora, Tora, Tora! and
         | Midway might make a good double-feature (I tried it, and, they
         | do!) it occurred to me that it might be possible to assemble a
         | film-based _curriculum_ to teach a great deal of the history of
         | roughly 1933-1948, covering the lead-up to and immediate
         | aftermath of the war, in a way that 's entertaining while being
         | more informative than misleading. There are thousands of films
         | covering the time period from dozens of countries, and lots of
         | those stick reasonably close to historical events, so it might
         | work out.
         | 
         | The hard part, I think, would be tracking down films that give
         | a good sense of the causes and course of more-obscure things
         | like Italy's invasion of Ethiopia. You'd need to find two or
         | three good films on that. Spanish civil war? The invasion and
         | occupation of Poland? The political maneuvering between the
         | Nazis and Soviets before they went to war with one another? The
         | Winter War? These have to be covered by a few films that could
         | act to "teach" the events, but I don't know what those films
         | are and bet most are non-English and not well-known in English,
         | making them harder (for me) to track down.
        
           | ww2supercut wrote:
           | This could work for World War II since there's so many
           | movies, but even so a bunch of events aren't covered. I also
           | created this spreadsheet of films with their time periods and
           | events covered. It's not exhaustive by any means though, and
           | new ones are coming out constantly.
        
           | mordechai9000 wrote:
           | The first English language film that comes to mind for the
           | Spanish civil war is For Whom the Bell Tolls. It's been a
           | while, but I don't think it has much discourse about the
           | causes or the background for the war - but films often treat
           | those subjects either as assumed background information the
           | audience already has, or as something that is not needed to
           | identify with the characters and enjoy the narrative.
           | 
           | So you could use it, but it would need to be accompanied by
           | supplemental factual materials. But I think that is true of
           | many, if not most, non-documentary popular war films.
        
           | briandear wrote:
           | Interestingly, a curated collection of films in my opinion is
           | much better than relying on a few history books that, under
           | the cover of being "academic," are considered
           | "authoritative," but, in fact -- there are a lot of facets
           | that aren't easily reconciled. While film simply embraces the
           | ambiguity (meaning a collection of films all telling the
           | story from slightly different viewpoints is a lot better than
           | a single textbook that might be authoritative, but also
           | suffers from the point of view of the writer.
           | 
           | Here is an interesting article on the debate over when WWII
           | actually began (this illustrates my point as "The Invasion of
           | Poland" is often used at the "starting point" of WWII, when
           | that is probably out of academic convenience rather than
           | being factually correct (it's hard to say precisely when WWII
           | began.) https://english.elpais.com/culture/2023-09-11/what-
           | if-all-th...
        
         | ssl232 wrote:
         | > Maps cover the spatial side of war, but in addition it's
         | difficult to follow the timeline.
         | 
         | I'd love for there to be an OpenStreetMap style history project
         | with a slider to change the date, allowing users to fill in
         | battle lines and unit positions throughout history. There must
         | be enormous troves of information on units and battles in
         | archives around the world that can be put online in the right
         | form. One obvious problem would be overcoming conflicting
         | accounts of unit positions, strengths and extents, but even
         | basic information on positions of units over time would allow
         | users to get an idea of what was happening in a theater by
         | dragging the slider.
        
           | SimplyUnknown wrote:
           | Not quite what you are looking but if you're interested in
           | Operation Market Garden: for the Dutch maps there is
           | https://www.topotijdreis.nl, which gives you historical maps
           | with a year slider. This can at least help one visualize how
           | cities, villages, and topography at through the years.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | I made something like this and briefly had it online but I
           | didn't think there would be enough demand to make the time
           | and costs of running it worth it.
        
           | habi wrote:
           | In theory https://www.openhistoricalmap.org/ could do exactly
           | this.
        
         | wkat4242 wrote:
         | Don't forget some cities have changed a lot during the war. For
         | example Rotterdam was almost completely levelled so what is
         | there now is nothing in relation to how it was then.
        
           | wbl wrote:
           | That's not the only thing that's different in the
           | Netherlands: the Flevopolder was not drained yet.
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | Just when I was about to finish my profile destruction on
         | reddit I find another reason to dig a little deeper into the
         | stew. I wish I had found your stuff on /r/fanedits a long time
         | ago. The work you've done is excellent and is right up my
         | alley, putting things into historical context using reliable
         | sources.
         | 
         | One thing I would like to mention concerns the last map at the
         | end of your post where you show a map based on information from
         | the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany. The
         | caption above the map says "Can't name a concentration camp or
         | ghetto" and the lower states "Many Americans can't name a
         | concentration camp or ghetto". I find it unusual that New York
         | has such a high percentage of the population that is so
         | clueless about history that is this recent. They are, according
         | to your map, #2 behind Mississippi which I would've expected to
         | be #1 or tied for it with some other southern state where white
         | supremacists have long had a foothold or stranglehold on
         | education.
         | 
         | I see that most of the poorly educated states are in the south
         | with Illinois (neo-Nazi foothold in some places) and Oregon
         | (originally intended to be a whites-only state) being
         | exceptions.
         | 
         | And also, that map projection used makes it appear that a
         | (large) hidden hand has torqued the eastern seaboard to the
         | south from Maine to the (limp dick) state of Florida. You can
         | see the distortion along the state lines east of the
         | Mississippi River.
         | 
         | Anyway, great work! I enjoyed reading your post.
        
       | MichaelZuo wrote:
       | I've heard there were also great maps published in non-english
       | newspapers during this time period.
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | I'm a map guy. I love maps and I regularly use online
         | translations to help me understand what the map-maker or poster
         | is trying to convey.
         | 
         | With your post and all the opportunities open to you I feel
         | like you advertised a grilled sausage event but when I showed
         | up I discovered you were vegan and only serving salad.
         | 
         | Where's the links?
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | I should have added that I haven't physically seen these maps
           | which may never have been digitized in the first place... so
           | grilled sausage enthusiasts beware.
        
             | aziaziazi wrote:
             | I only eat plants but you woke my interest. Translator
             | machine helped me to google " Karte aus dem ersten
             | Weltkrieg" and found this funny German map from 1014:
             | https://www.vintage-maps.com/de/antike-
             | landkarten/europa/eur...
        
       | WesleyLivesay wrote:
       | Interesting article! The details on the maps are always
       | interesting. The first map of 1939 shows the British blockade
       | line of the North Sea that was so important during the First
       | World War but would play a much lesser role in the Second, it
       | probably would not even be present on most maps made after the
       | war.
        
       | Yawrehto wrote:
       | I have a 1944 World Almanac. It's incredibly detailed on World
       | War Two - by my count, page 31 and 35-113 are mostly or totally
       | devoted to it, in addition to the various bits on armies
       | scattered throughout. Sometimes I look at it just to see what
       | happened on that particular day (for instance: today, German
       | forces landed in Leros, in the Aegean Sea, which was at the time
       | held by the British, among many other events - and that just in
       | 1943!) There are also some incredibly detailed war maps which I
       | sometimes look at. At some point I should probably get around to
       | uploading them, as they are absolutely amazing and I'd like to
       | share it, but it's always near the bottom of my to-do list.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | Do you mean this:
         | https://archive.org/details/worldalmanacbook0000unse_z4q3?
         | 
         | (Unfortunately only borrowable)
        
           | Archelaos wrote:
           | Here is a full version: https://archive.org/details/world-
           | almanac-and-book-of-facts_...
        
             | Yawrehto wrote:
             | I think both of those are correct, although they appear to
             | be the paperback, as the hardcover has the front
             | illustration on the inside and is otherwise plain.
             | 
             | The electronic version does feel rather odd, though. It's
             | much harder to open it to a random page and find something
             | interesting (say, a list of refugee scholars who at the
             | time had moved to the US, 561-63), which, for me at least,
             | is the point. I could find the vast majority of the
             | information, if not all of it, elsewhere with little
             | effort, if I was so inclined. It's more in the discovery
             | aspect of it (and the advertisements, which are often
             | absolute _gems_ , although less so than the 1909 edition,
             | which included two awkwardly arranged vertical ads which
             | had large text of 'Rupture' on the left and 'Your Lungs' on
             | the right so it reads as 'Rupture Your Lungs', and also
             | "Dr." Rupert Weils, who claimed to be able to cure cancer
             | at home, using "radiatized fluid", which I think is
             | radioactive water; by 1944 they were much less blatantly
             | wrong or poorly arranged.)
        
               | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
               | > advertisements, which are often absolute gems,
               | 
               | Pages 42-60 of the 1944 900+ page tome are advertising
               | (maybe more, I timed-out).
               | 
               | Writing for pay and body building spent well ...
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | I have a copy of Churchill's memoirs of WWII and also read his
         | memoirs of WWI. I always liked the maps in the books, as they
         | somehow brought me a little closer to the time. They're another
         | way of conveying information not only about what is being
         | discussed, but also how the people going through it saw things
         | and what they wrestled with conveying.
         | 
         | Maps made in the current day to accompany Churchill's text
         | wouldn't have the same effect.
        
       | MrMcCall wrote:
       | My son and I are fans of Stephen E. Ambrose's books "D-Day" and
       | "Citizen Soldiers" (as audiobooks), but would really love a video
       | companion to the books that charts the territories being
       | discussed. It would be like a subtitles file, but with map images
       | and timing.
       | 
       | I would love to endow Mr. Goldwag to undertake such an endeavor.
       | His site demonstrates his love of maps as tools to help
       | understand history. Fantastic!
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | Some still haven't seen this picture:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Overlord#/media/File...
       | 
       | I don't think we can really comprehend how big an operation that
       | was. A movie like _" Saving Private Ryan"_ was incredibly good
       | (especially the scene on the beach front) but didn't come
       | anywhere close to show anything resembling that picture.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | Impressive photo.
         | 
         | I imagine many more are even less familiar with the _massive_
         | operations from the Eastern Front, simultaneously more
         | important and lesser known in the West (at least in pop
         | culture; historians of course know them). E.g. Operation
         | Bagration.
        
           | The_Colonel wrote:
           | Overlord overshadows other operations because it was unique
           | in its nature, scale and difficulties. Eastern Front also had
           | its iconic moments like Battle of Stalingrad or Siege of
           | Leningrad...
        
             | the_af wrote:
             | > _Overlord overshadows other operations because it was
             | unique in its nature, scale and difficulties_
             | 
             | Without diminishing Overlord (a landing of this magnitude
             | was unparalleled), I think Bagration is just as impressive,
             | devastatingly effective at annihilating the German army
             | (most of Army Group Center gone, poof), and must have been
             | a logistical and secrecy nightmare to employ maskirovka at
             | such a large scale. It was larger scale than Overlord, too.
             | 
             | Not many in pop culture know about the Siege of Leningrad.
             | 
             | Stalingrad is better known in pop culture, but regrettably
             | most of it at the level of terribly bad and misleading
             | movies such as "Enemy at the Gates".
             | 
             | > _Eastern Front also had its iconic moments [...]_
             | 
             | That's a bit of an understatement... The Eastern Front is
             | where _most_ of the fighting in WWII happened. It 's where
             | the European theater of war was truly won or lost.
        
               | JackFr wrote:
               | https://www.amazon.com/900-Days-Siege-
               | Leningrad/dp/030681298...
               | 
               | The 900 Days is an eye-opening and compelling book about
               | the siege of Leningrad. Highly recommended.
        
               | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
               | One of the big churches in St. Petersburg features huge
               | columns - in some the pockmarks from strafing have been
               | preserved.
               | 
               | And the pictures at the Hermitage are labelled "Great
               | Patriotic War 1941-45"
        
               | The_Colonel wrote:
               | > I think Bagration is just as impressive
               | 
               | Well, I disagree.
               | 
               | Landings are generally considered to be very difficult
               | and risky operations to execute, and Overlord is by far
               | the largest scale landing in history. It was a one-off,
               | all-in operation. It had to be close to perfect or it
               | would fail badly. You can't just call off the landing in
               | the middle of it or reduce its objectives if it doesn't
               | go well.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, operation Bagration is just standard maneuver
               | warfare, only particularly large and this time quite
               | successful in achieving its objectives. Soviets had
               | plenty of previous (some failed) attempts to improve
               | their strategy and tactics. Maskirovka / deception
               | campaign is standard for any such large operation. If
               | things don't go as planned, you can scale down the
               | objectives, or call it a diversion (Operation Mars).
               | Operation Bagration might be more impactful on the course
               | of the war, but in my mind it's not close to be as
               | impressive as Overlord.
               | 
               | > That's a bit of an understatement... The Eastern Front
               | is where most of the fighting in WWII happened. It's
               | where the European theater of war was truly won or lost.
               | 
               | "Most iconic" is not the same thing as "most impactful".
               | Maneuver warfare is just generally not as iconic as
               | pitched, close quarters battles.
        
               | the_af wrote:
               | "Iconic" is an ill-defined thing anyway. "Most iconic" in
               | the Western world is just because, like I argued, the
               | Eastern Front is way less known and depicted in movies.
               | It's almost the definition of "lesser known", of which
               | there are many reasons (Cold War thinking being a big
               | reason initially).
        
               | ultimafan wrote:
               | >The Eastern Front is where most of the fighting in WWII
               | happened. It's where the European theater of war was
               | truly won or lost.
               | 
               | I remember being very surprised when I heard for the
               | first time that something like 80% of all casualties
               | taken by the Germans happened on the Eastern front. Or
               | the total sizes of the armies (collectively on both
               | sides) fighting one another and the large margin by which
               | the Western front was dwarfed by. It stood completely at
               | ends with everything I learned about WW2 growing up in
               | the US, through school, pop culture, friends, family of
               | friends. I suppose it's not too surprising though that
               | any country emphasizes their own involvement over that of
               | others- for example I doubt that the Soviets touched much
               | on the extent of lend lease in their education or war
               | movies.
        
         | bloopernova wrote:
         | Even more incredible, the USA landed on Saipan soon after the
         | Allies landed in Normandy. The landing ships for operation
         | FORAGER had to travel 1,000 miles across open ocean.
         | 
         | Recommended reading: _The Fleet at Flood Tide_ by James
         | Hornfischer, and _Twilight of the Gods_ by Ian Toll.
        
           | simonh wrote:
           | Found this image of the landing craft:
           | https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2019/07/09/saipan-
           | landing-i/#g...
        
             | bloopernova wrote:
             | That's a really good article, I hadn't seen those details
             | before. Thank you!
             | 
             | Second part:
             | https://weaponsandwarfare.com/2019/07/09/saipan-landing-ii/
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | > I don't think we can really comprehend how big an operation
         | that was.
         | 
         | I think that very impressive photo doesn't even show it.
         | 
         | FTA: _"A 1,200-plane airborne assault preceded an amphibious
         | assault involving more than 5,000 vessels"_
         | 
         | = I estimate that that photo only shows about 2% of the vessels
         | involved.
         | 
         | Getting (also FTA) _"Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the English
         | Channel on 6 June"_ onto a coast without using any ports and
         | where you are getting shot at takes a lot of effort.
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | The photo also doesn't really do justice to how much stuff
           | was going on at one time since it just makes it look like
           | supplies are being delivered to a beach. You've got an an
           | incredibly dense (in terms of participants per area or
           | volume) naval battle, infantry engagements, air superiority
           | operations, close air support and logistics operation all at
           | the same time in roughly same place and even if you pick one
           | aspect to focus on you'll find that the scale and tempo of
           | operations in any one area exceeds what's "normal" even for a
           | pitched battle.
        
         | Narishma wrote:
         | Are those floating things airships? What were they used for?
        
       | arethuza wrote:
       | Also worth thinking about the plans that were in place by the
       | Nazis but never fully implemented due to the defeat by the
       | Allies:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalplan_Ost
        
       | lsy wrote:
       | It's wild to compare these maps with what is being published
       | today in the New York Times about the war in Ukraine:
       | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2022/world/europe/ukrain...
       | 
       | The modern maps, while technically more "accurate" than hand-
       | drawn diagrams, are almost shockingly light on information in
       | comparison, and the accompanying text is a linear recounting of
       | various advances and retreats with only passing explanation of
       | the strategic importance of either.
       | 
       | I think there are two effects at play here: one is the decrease
       | in expectation of the readership to have much comprehension or
       | critical thinking facility, which is counterintuitive given
       | supposed strides in education over the last eighty years. The
       | second is the gutting of the news media as an industry where
       | career professionals could get and keep lifetime experience in
       | understanding important events and their place in history. While
       | no doubt reporters today are doing their best, the news media is
       | increasingly reliant on contract work and fresh grist for the
       | mill, and it seems obvious that the writers at the NYT have just
       | not been given the resources or motivation to become as familiar
       | with the contours of the conflict as the writers of the past.
        
         | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
         | Or maybe it's because they're busy fighting a war and trying
         | not to die so that they haven't had the time to provide records
         | for the historians and analysts to ruminate over.
        
         | stonesthrowaway wrote:
         | > The modern maps, while technically more "accurate" than hand-
         | drawn diagrams, are almost shockingly light on information in
         | comparison, and the accompanying text is a linear recounting of
         | various advances and retreats with only passing explanation of
         | the strategic importance of either.
         | 
         | Feels like both are light on information. But what do you
         | expect? It's war time propaganda. It isn't meant to educate or
         | inform. The news during war is not the same as it is during
         | peacetime. They serve different goals. Whether it's ukraine.
         | Gaza. Or ww2.
         | 
         | > one is the decrease in expectation of the readership to have
         | much comprehension or critical thinking facility, which is
         | counterintuitive given supposed strides in education over the
         | last eighty years.
         | 
         | Mass education was never meant to increase critical thinking.
         | Mass education exists to brainwash and instill conformity. The
         | modern education system was created by the prussians in the
         | 1800s to "educate" the peoples of the various germanic states
         | into one single nation. It's the same education system adopted
         | by the US and much of the world.
         | 
         | > and it seems obvious that the writers at the NYT have just
         | not been given the resources or motivation to become as
         | familiar with the contours of the conflict as the writers of
         | the past.
         | 
         | Because NYT reporters were so familiar with the contours of
         | iraq and their wmd program? If someone gave the NYT a trillion
         | dollars, what would change? Nothing. The reporting would be the
         | same. Especially when it comes to wars.
         | 
         | When you read war propaganda from the past ( pick any war ) or
         | in any country, it's remarkable how similar they all are.
        
         | openasocket wrote:
         | I disagree. I see about the same amount of information on the
         | maps in the article in comparison to maps of the war in
         | Ukraine. The maps in the article are certainly prettier, but
         | not more informative.
         | 
         | I think your complaint about the "linear recounting" has more
         | to do with the nature of the war in Ukraine compared to WW2.
         | The battle in Ukraine is almost entirely on land, while in the
         | WW2 maps the majority of the maps are focused on sea lines of
         | communications and air bases. The front lines in Ukraine aren't
         | static by any means, but compared to WW2 these lines are barely
         | moving.
         | 
         | > the decrease in expectation of the readership to have much
         | comprehension or critical thinking facility
         | 
         | > the gutting of the news media as an industry where career
         | professionals could get and keep lifetime experience in
         | understanding important events and their place in history
         | 
         | I think you have certain per-conceived notions and are trying
         | to justify them in these maps, rather than the other way
         | around. I've read old newspaper articles and really don't see
         | any "decrease in expectation of the readership". As for the
         | "gutting of the news media," I think there is some truth their,
         | but I don't think you should denigrate the journalists of
         | today. Recall that Ernie Pyle, perhaps the most famous war
         | correspondents of WW2, before the war was a human interest
         | writer.
        
         | jcranmer wrote:
         | I don't agree.
         | 
         | Part of the issue is that World War II is a _vastly_ more
         | complex situation than the Russo-Ukrainian war; it 's really
         | not so much a war as it is an overlapping mess of several
         | smaller wars, with a large amount of rapid geographical
         | alterations in a short timeframe. To explain to people in
         | September 1939 what's going on, you have to bring up the
         | Saarland, Sudetenland, Danzig, the Polish Corridor, the
         | dismemberment of Austria and Czechoslovakia... and that's
         | before Germany actually invades Poland. For the Russo-Ukrainian
         | war, you need to bring up... Crimea, the Donbass, and maaaaybe
         | Transdnistria, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia if you're trying to
         | build a wider geopolitical picture. And most maps you see _do_
         | highlight Crimea and the Donbass!
         | 
         | As the war progresses, World War II grows in massive scale, so
         | that places like Tobruk became important locations for the
         | strategic aspect of the war, and even a well-informed
         | individual would have been hard-pressed to locate Tobruk before
         | then. So you need to highlight this town in North Africa, and
         | then explicate why a town in North Africa is important in the
         | context of a literal world-wide war. By contrast, Ukraine is
         | far smaller than the entire world, and even an important
         | linchpin like Vuhledar has only the significance of, say,
         | Bastogne in WW2.
        
       | cf100clunk wrote:
       | Excellent historical resource. Also the ''Atlas Of World War II''
       | is quite good:
       | 
       | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_World_War_II
       | 
       | and there is this hard cover ''Atlas of World War II'':
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Atlas-World-War-II-Cartography/dp/142...
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | I would add to this:
         | 
         | "A History of the Second World War in 100 Maps"
         | 
         | See: A History of the Second World War in 100 Maps
        
       | hnpolicestate wrote:
       | The more I philosophize on the subject. The reason Western
       | boomers had it so very good is due to them being born mere
       | moments after a cataclysmic, violent human struggle that killed
       | nearly 80 million people ended.
        
       | warrentr wrote:
       | The winds of war and war and remembrance books (or audio books)
       | are a pretty good way to get a feel for ww2. They're historically
       | accurate fiction and offer a lot of long-form detail and context
       | (at least from the US/allies side of things)
        
         | BubbleRings wrote:
         | If you really want to have a solid overview understanding of
         | World War 2, and you are just not the type to read two long
         | books no matter how good they are, then here is probably your
         | best option by far:
         | 
         | 1. Pay for an Audible account. (Or figure out how to get free
         | access to audio books from your local library.)
         | 
         | 2. Listen to the books "Winds of War" and then "War and
         | Remembrance" by Herman Wouk.
         | 
         | The drama and characterizations are just fine, and will pull
         | you right in to caring for Pug Henry and wanting to know what
         | happens to him and his family.
         | 
         | The battle scenes are true history and will blow you away, and
         | teach you a lot. Midway, incredible.
         | 
         | The coverage of the Holocaust will break your heart, but make
         | you think, "wow, everybody in the world should read this once".
         | 
         | The character evolution of Werner Beck, in light of today's
         | world events, might terrify you. Whole nations don't all of the
         | sudden become evil. Evil powerful leaders push evil down into a
         | country over time.
        
       | stared wrote:
       | For WW2 visualizations, The Fallen of World War II
       | (http://www.fallen.io/ww2/) is a masterpiece--well-researched,
       | clearly visualized, and paired with excellent narration. It
       | balances nuance with the big picture, and even though it
       | addresses tens of millions of deaths, it reminds us that these
       | are people, not mere statistics.
        
       | bane wrote:
       | Something I've come to really appreciate about WWII, is how much
       | effort was put into either creating or implementing concepts
       | about organization and efficiency into action. WWII was likely
       | the largest organizational endeavor in human history.
       | 
       | There's an almost paradoxical immensity to it, where humans,
       | using paper, typewriters, physical mail, and early electric (not
       | electronic) communication systems had to organize millions of
       | humans into large coordinated efforts over about half the surface
       | of a planet.
       | 
       | They did it without the aid of computers and the unlimited up-to-
       | date firehoses of data that we have today. The paradox is that
       | it's not entirely clear that our modern civilization, using these
       | advantages, would be able to do what they did. Modern
       | technologies seem to create an effect of overanalysis, where the
       | WW2 generation often worked in deeply ambiguous grey areas.
       | 
       | Our tendency today is to want to produce as much up to date
       | information as possible, even if its not necessary to the overall
       | goal. We want to use a computer to scrub deeply through immense
       | data to produce marginal gains. A Strategic General in WW2 might
       | want to move 100,000 men and arms to a different location and
       | issue the order where it would be relayed by post, telephone, or
       | telegraph. To find out if that order was fulfilled might take
       | weeks or months to even find out. Today we would want to track
       | each soldier's boots to watch them march across a digital map in
       | real-time.
       | 
       | Yet it worked. With major operations occurring down to the minute
       | that involved multinational organizations moving millions of tons
       | of human lives, arms, supply, and equipment, all also built to
       | fulfill that order, on time and at high quality.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | They didn't have computers, but they did have card machines.
         | 
         | https://www.ww2online.org/image/large-replica-punch-cards-bu...
         | 
         | https://www.columbia.edu/cu/computinghistory/405.html
         | 
         | https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/10264546...
         | 
         | dieselpunk ftw
        
         | cgh wrote:
         | Hard to upvote this comment enough. D-Day alone was
         | staggeringly immense, the largest naval, air and land operation
         | in history, likely never to be matched. And the entire thing
         | was basically planned and executed with pen and paper.
        
         | retrac wrote:
         | The number of telex channels available between the US and UK at
         | the peak of the war was several thousands. That is, very
         | roughly, about 10 kilobytes per second altogether. Telex was
         | very important then. Message forwarding/switching is arguably
         | the precursor to packet switched networking and it was first
         | used at large scale during the war. I would suggest that era
         | achieved what we have now in terms of telecoms, just for a much
         | smaller user base: almost-instant encrypted text messaging.
         | Supposedly there were 236 billion telegrams in the US in 1945.
        
       | AcerbicZero wrote:
       | Those are some impressive maps, with tons of foreshadowing,
       | barely 9 days into the conflict.
        
         | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
         | There was a 1937 one worrying about the partition of the US:
         | https://imgur.com/O4tp7JB
        
       | hyggetrold wrote:
       | This is awesome. Cool to see the history told this way.
       | 
       | I would also encourage folks to seek out photos/footage of the
       | concentration camps in Europe as well as the aftermath of the
       | atomic bombings in Japan. When you see the unsanitized horror it
       | really gives you pause that people did this to each other. And
       | why war is worth trying to prevent.
        
       | sorokod wrote:
       | Looking at the first map, the line between Paris and Berlin goes
       | straight through Ardennes where Army Group A broke the French
       | line in May 1940.
        
       | aenopix wrote:
       | I see Palestine in one of those maps (never israel). It was
       | always Palestine
        
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