[HN Gopher] Why 4D geometry makes me sad [video]
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       Why 4D geometry makes me sad [video]
        
       Author : surprisetalk
       Score  : 87 points
       Date   : 2024-11-08 18:23 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.youtube.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.youtube.com)
        
       | levzettelin wrote:
       | This video makes me happy. :)
        
       | itsthecourier wrote:
       | Why though?
        
         | UltraSane wrote:
         | Because humans can't visualize more than 3 dimensions.
        
           | Asraelite wrote:
           | It's possible, it just takes a lot (years) of practice.
        
             | patrickthebold wrote:
             | It's actually quite easy: first, you imagine n-dimensional
             | space, and _then_ you set n = 4.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | That's not imagining; that's reasoning.
        
               | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
               | Try setting imagining = reasoning and I think it will
               | work out
        
               | Asraelite wrote:
               | I'm getting downvoted now :/
               | 
               | I think I'll write a blog post at some point explaining
               | my process for visualizing 4D. Hopefully it should make
               | it clearer what I mean.
               | 
               | I think most existing resources on the topic go about it
               | in a way that makes it hard to build up a proper
               | intuition. They start by assuming that humans can
               | visualize 3D and then try to extend that one dimension
               | higher. But humans can't actually visualize 3D, only 2D.
               | We combine multiple different 2D perspectives together to
               | "fake" an understanding of 3D. Our vision is also only
               | stereoscopic 2D, not true 3D.
               | 
               | If you take a similar approach with 4D, trying to project
               | directly from 4D to 2D instead of going through 3D as an
               | intermediate step, it's harder to visualize at first but
               | better in the long run for really understanding it.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | I use a similar technique to swim- one merely flies,
               | while setting their location = underwater.
        
             | ks2048 wrote:
             | I'd say it's not possible, but that depends on your
             | definition of "visualize" (I guess maybe 4d as 3d+time
             | would also count)
        
               | Asraelite wrote:
               | The first step is being open minded about it, otherwise
               | you're right, it's not possible.
        
           | JadeNB wrote:
           | > Because humans can't visualize more than 3 dimensions.
           | 
           | It's awfully hard to prove that real-world things are
           | impossible, especially if there's no objective measurement of
           | whether they've been achieved. (For example, if I tell you
           | that I can visualize more than 3 dimensions, then how could
           | you verify or disprove that?)
        
             | epidemian wrote:
             | > For example, if I tell you that I can visualize more than
             | 3 dimensions, then how could you verify or disprove that?
             | 
             | I don't really know. The first thing that came to my mind
             | would be to ask to draw/model different cross-sections of a
             | 4D object ("cross-volumes"?).
             | 
             | We can visualize 3D objects, and therefore can draw 2D
             | cross-sections of 3D objects relatively well, and
             | relatively easily. Like, sections of a human body, or a
             | house. So, maybe someone who can visualize 4D objects in
             | their head could also model 3D "cross-sections" of that
             | object at arbitrary "cuts". And we could check if those 3D
             | radiographies are accurate, because we can model those 4D
             | objects on a computer, and draw their 3D cuts.
             | 
             | Just a simple idea. I'm sure there could be other ways of
             | probing this.
        
               | JadeNB wrote:
               | > We can visualize 3D objects, and therefore can draw 2D
               | cross-sections of 3D objects relatively well, and
               | relatively easily.
               | 
               | Many people can draw cross-sections reasonably well, but
               | I can't. Nonetheless, I believe that I can visualize 3D
               | objects.
        
               | wongogue wrote:
               | But you can still draw the concepts of a cross section,
               | right?
        
               | quuxplusone wrote:
               | > We can visualize 3D objects, and therefore can draw 2D
               | cross-sections of 3D objects relatively well, and
               | relatively easily.
               | 
               | I don't think that's true. For example, consider a
               | regular octahedron: take a parallel pair of its faces and
               | bisect the octahedron between those faces. What's the
               | resulting figure? What happens to the figure as you tip
               | the plane?
               | 
               | I mean, obviously the task I just set isn't _impossible_
               | ; and with a little reasoning anyone can give the answer
               | in a few seconds; but it feels too me like the answer is
               | _not_ simply intuited merely by the virtue of our being
               | 3D creatures.
               | 
               | Sure, part of the difficulty stems from that the
               | octahedron (to most folks) is both less familiar and
               | slightly more complicated than the cube. But the same
               | applies to the hypercube!
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | Humans have had tremendous evolutionary pressure to develop
             | excellent 3D visualization abilities. Humans have had
             | exactly ZERO evolutionary pressure to develop 4D
             | visualization abilities. If someone claimed to be able to
             | visualize 4D the exact same as they can visualize 3D I
             | wouldn't believe them. Maybe there are some kind of tests
             | that could be done to prove it?
        
               | teemur wrote:
               | My low, low priority side project has been to make a VR
               | app that lets you (create and) move around 4d
               | environments. I'm pretty sure that navigating even
               | moderately complex 4d environment can be used as some
               | kind of proof for 4d visualization/intuition
               | capabilities. Level 6 on my toy maze game has all of 4
               | tesseracts within the maze tesseracts and after some
               | hours of playing, I am still completely lost there.
               | 
               | If someone wants to have a look, feel free (but it is
               | hard. You need time. If you do not have vr headsets but
               | want to have a look, you can install browser add-ons thet
               | let you simulate vr headset and controls):
               | 
               | https://www.brainpaingames.com/Hypershack.html
               | 
               | I have been planning to write a Show HN any day now for
               | months, but maybe someday.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | Isn't the 4th dimension time? So it's like objects moving in
           | time and interesting each other.
        
             | dbrueck wrote:
             | Not when talking about geometry - the idea is a 4th spatial
             | dimension.
        
             | nulbyte wrote:
             | Time is very different from space.
             | 
             | https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/time-yes-
             | dimension-n...
        
       | user070223 wrote:
       | I first encountered this problem solving technique of looking at
       | the problem in higher dimension from lectures by tadashi
       | tokieda(referenced in the video). I highly recommend any video of
       | him.
       | 
       | I dont rememer finding many examples, nor a reference to it from
       | common problem solving techniques lists(terry tao, aosp? etc). I
       | think it deserve it's place with a catchier name perhaps
        
         | HappyPanacea wrote:
         | I suggest thinking outside the plane.
        
           | jagged-chisel wrote:
           | A clever strategy, but a name still eludes me
        
             | ithkuil wrote:
             | You're either bantering in a higher dimension or you're
             | talking past each other.
             | 
             | Anyway, perhaps a more down to earth "thinking outside the
             | hypercube"?
        
       | YetAnotherNick wrote:
       | Such a great video. Changing from sphere to cone in proving
       | Monge's theorem makes the proof so much better, and way easier to
       | visualize. I guess the proof hasn't caught up in other places is
       | because if the proof is in writing sphere could be visualized
       | first or the sphere gives more aha feeling.
        
       | stevage wrote:
       | Nice video, incredibly well made. But what an irritatingly
       | clickbaity title.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | yeah I find that annoying. If the video does not quickly answer
         | the title yet uses the title to entice curiosity, then it's
         | clickbait. I expect to find out what it makes it sad within
         | minutes of clicking, not have to wait.
        
         | CaptainFever wrote:
         | Install DeArrow. I have it installed, and its de-
         | sensationalized crowdsourced title is "Solving 2D Geometry
         | Puzzles Using 3D Reasoning".
        
           | jasode wrote:
           | _> crowdsourced title is "Solving 2D Geometry Puzzles Using
           | 3D Reasoning"._
           | 
           | That attempted revision of the title is worse than the
           | original clickbait title because it totally omits the _" 4D"_
           | topic. The 4D section starts around 18m50s and is 1/3rd of
           | the content. The 2D/3D section was the _prelude and
           | motivation_ to prepare the viewer for the 4D section.
           | 
           | The _" wisdom of the crowd"_ failed in this particular case.
           | 
           | Any attempted improvement on the title still needs to have _"
           | 4D" somewhere_ in the title.
        
             | mschae23 wrote:
             | It hasn't failed. Not if you do what crowdsourcing requires
             | and suggest a better replacement.
             | 
             | I agree that "Solving 2D geometry puzzles using 3D
             | reasoning" does not fit the actual topic of the video, so I
             | have replaced it with "Geometry puzzles with 4D analogies"
             | for now - which is also not _quite_ right, since the
             | largest part of the video doesn 't refer to any 4D
             | concepts. I think it's, more generally, about puzzles that
             | can be more easily solved by considering _any_ other
             | dimension, but it 's harder to make a good title out of
             | that. Do you have another idea for an improvement?
        
         | efilife wrote:
         | Titles like this make me never click the videos. Why would
         | anyone be sad by 4D shapes? (that don't exist anyway)
        
       | dyingkneepad wrote:
       | This channel has the best Linear Algebra explanations I've ever
       | seen, and it also explains the basics of AI really well.
        
       | tobr wrote:
       | Can someone explain why the second puzzle would need this fancy
       | three-dimensional solution? The area of each strip doesn't seem
       | important to solving it:
       | 
       | We need to cover the circle as efficiently as possible. That
       | means having exactly one layer of strips. Zero layers doesn't
       | cover it, and two or more layers are wasted. As soon as you start
       | using strips at different orientations you can't escape an
       | overlap somewhere. So, clearly the optimal way to do it is to use
       | some number of parallel non-overlapping strips, and their total
       | width will be the diameter of the circle.
       | 
       | Not sure if this isn't rigorous enough or something, but it seems
       | perfectly clear to me.
        
         | gjm11 wrote:
         | It is absolutely not rigorous enough, I'm afraid.
         | 
         | Sure, it feels wasteful to cover any part of the disc twice.
         | But it _also_ feels wasteful to cover bits near the edge with
         | strips that have only a short length of overlap with the
         | circle. It 's not obvious that there isn't some clever way to
         | reduce the second kind of waste that requires you to commit the
         | first kind.
         | 
         | Perhaps the following observation will help. Replace the circle
         | with a "+" shape made out of five equal squares (like the cross
         | on the Swiss flag). The most efficient way to cover _this_ with
         | strips is (I think -- I haven 't actually tried to prove it) to
         | use two strips "along" the arms of the cross. Those overlap in
         | the middle, but they still do the job more efficiently than
         | using (say) a single strip of 3x the width.
         | 
         | So, how do you know that nothing like that happens with a disc
         | instead of a cross?
        
           | tobr wrote:
           | That's a great explanation, thank you!
           | 
           | I feel like it should be possible to pinpoint why this can't
           | happen with a circle. Specifically, it seems to require some
           | kind of protrusion in the shape, that ends up being more
           | efficient to cover in a direction that creates an overlap.
           | But it's clearly not as straightforward as I thought.
        
             | jacobolus wrote:
             | Any kind of "pinpointing" you can do is probably going to
             | end up equivalent to the project-to-a-sphere method, except
             | less clear or pretty.
        
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