[HN Gopher] Ticketmaster's attempt to game arbitration services ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ticketmaster's attempt to game arbitration services fails
        
       Author : hn_acker
       Score  : 222 points
       Date   : 2024-11-04 23:12 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.ericgoldman.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.ericgoldman.org)
        
       | impossiblefork wrote:
       | >Ticketmaster's Terms state they may be changed without notice
       | and changes apply retroactively.
       | 
       | This is a really strange thing, because to me a Swede, that means
       | that whatever has been signed is not a contract at all and is,
       | well, who knows what.
       | 
       | To me a contract is an agreement. If it is not specific, then it
       | is not a contract at all, and if it's changeable, then it's very
       | obviously not a contract at all.
       | 
       | I've heard of more of this kind stuff with US healthcare,
       | although I'm not sure I even want to understand the ideas there,
       | but when people start messing up the basics of laws, refusing to
       | rule that things which are obviously not contracts at all are
       | not, or accepting other weirdness, then they start destroying the
       | law itself, because people will try to build on these things and
       | it'll become a completely arbitrary mess, where almost anything
       | is suddenly allowed. I don't understand how US lawyers etc. could
       | make this. One would imagine they'd want contract law to be a
       | thing, but apparently not.
        
         | chopin wrote:
         | Contracts for thee, but not for me.
        
         | ender341341 wrote:
         | > This is a really strange thing, because to me a Swede, that
         | means that whatever has been signed is not a contract at all
         | and is, well, who knows what.
         | 
         | From my reading of the article the court agrees and said that's
         | not valid, the actual ruling calls it `unconscionable`.
         | 
         | This sounds more like a scare people who don't know better from
         | trying to enforce their rights, though I do think things like
         | that should have some level of punishment.
        
           | genocidicbunny wrote:
           | The punishment should be unwinding of all of those
           | 'contracts', with Tiketmaster taking the loss if the tickets
           | sold under these terms have already been used. They should be
           | refunding every single person who bought a ticket from them
           | with these terms and conditions, going all the way back to
           | when such unconscionable terms were first introduced.
        
             | nox101 wrote:
             | it sounds nice but people who actually saw a concert
             | shouldn't get a refund.
        
           | kevincox wrote:
           | I would also like to see some punishment for this. It is
           | commonly used to bully the public who can't afford to call a
           | lawyer for every little thing. I do think it should be
           | illegal to knowingly include unenforceable clauses.
           | 
           | However it is not a trivial problem. Different jurisdictions
           | have different rules about what sort of things are allowed in
           | a contract. It probably wouldn't be good if they needed
           | different contracts in different states. (Although maybe
           | being required to list the differences explicitly in
           | contracts that are clearly intended for cross-US use would be
           | good). Additionally you won't want to void a contract just
           | because any little detail is unenforceable.
        
             | nucleardog wrote:
             | _Knowingly_ including unenforceable clauses.
             | 
             | I think the issue's with differing laws is more or less
             | covered by "knowingly".
             | 
             | A small company that gets a contract drafted up and uses it
             | in a neighbouring state or something wouldn't really
             | qualify as doing it "knowingly" by any reasonable sense of
             | the word.
             | 
             | A company the size of TicketMaster who has undoubtedly
             | already had lawyers from or familiar with multiple regions
             | review and modify their contracts can damn well be
             | considered "knowingly" doing this. And if they _didn't_
             | have any other lawyers look at it, well, I think we could
             | call that willful ignorance ("negligence") and apply it
             | anyway.
             | 
             | This really isn't far off of established law, either (at
             | least to my layman understanding). This is more or less how
             | most criminal laws work already. You have to have some sort
             | of intent to commit the crime. Intent can be fulfilled by
             | negligence/etc as well. (You didn't _try_ and do this, but
             | you didn't take the level of care that would be expected so
             | it was a foreseeable outcome of your actions and we're
             | taking that as good as intent.)
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | > A company the size of TicketMaster who has undoubtedly
               | already had lawyers from or familiar with multiple
               | regions review and modify their contracts can damn well
               | be considered "knowingly" doing this.
               | 
               | Known or _should have known_ is usually how this is
               | phrased.
        
               | lesuorac wrote:
               | Could also just deny severability for contracts of large
               | companies.
               | 
               | That's the only reason why unenforceable terms are
               | included since their inclusion no longer voids the rest
               | of the terms.
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | >This sounds more like a scare people who don't know better
           | from trying to enforce their rights, though I do think things
           | like that should have some level of punishment.
           | 
           | Similar to those "not responsible for _x_ " signs you see at
           | stores, when they are 100% legally responsible for _x_ , or
           | those "stay back _x_ distance " signs on large trucks on the
           | highway to try and avoid responsibility for their unsecured
           | loads causing damages.
        
             | Swizec wrote:
             | > or those "stay back x distance" signs on large trucks
             | 
             | This is also because the truck driver can't see you, if you
             | follow too closely. If you can't see their mirrors, they
             | don't know you exist. Obviously that's not safe.
        
               | coredog64 wrote:
               | Near me, the only trucks with this signage are hauling
               | gravel. They frequently do a piss-poor job of covering
               | the load and fling gravel that was left outside the bed
               | during loading. I've had a fresh windshield chipped in
               | under a month from these a-holes.
        
             | jawns wrote:
             | "stay back x distance" is fine and even responsible.
             | 
             | "not responsible for broken windshields" is a lie and
             | should be banned.
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | >From my reading of the article the court agrees and said
           | that's not valid, the actual ruling calls it
           | `unconscionable`.
           | 
           | Hope the same thing happens to Valve. You can't just change a
           | contract right before a pending lawsuit to minimize damages.
           | How is thst a contract at that point?
           | 
           | (note: I'm not part of the mass arbitration. I just want some
           | justice in this world of loopholing billionaires)
        
         | ipython wrote:
         | Not only that, they tried to claim that merely _browsing_ their
         | site implied that you agreed to their terms. Unreal.
         | 
         | Lawyers at this point are just trying to throw anything at the
         | wall to see what sticks. Consumer protections are no more.
        
           | johnnyanmac wrote:
           | We were doing pretty well with the FCC for the past 2 years
           | too. But I guess at this point, waiting out the clock is a
           | surefire strategy for any company hit by the FCC (i know
           | that's not the case here since this is a mass arbitration and
           | not a lawsuit from the FCC)
        
         | zdragnar wrote:
         | Anyone can write anything they want into a contract or terms of
         | service. That does not make it legally binding, however.
         | There's plenty of legal precedent regarding things that can
         | make them invalid.
         | 
         | The specifics of the nuances are often not common knowledge,
         | though, and since common law isn't exactly written down like a
         | procedural set of absolutely verifiable code, there's always
         | room for interpretation.
         | 
         | Hence, people will write imperfect contracts, and unless
         | someone goes through the effort of bringing one before a judge,
         | other people will abide by them.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what an appropriate resolution is without knowing
         | more detail. Did lawyers tell Ticketmaster management this was
         | okay? Or did Ticketmaster get advice this was wrong but went
         | ahead anyway?
         | 
         | Do state bar associations, which manage lawyers' good standing,
         | get involved? Or does TM go after their own lawyers for legal
         | malpractice?
        
         | lthornberry wrote:
         | Basically similar situation in the US, that's what the article
         | means when in references "formation" issues.
        
         | kmoser wrote:
         | >Ticketmaster's Terms state they may be changed without notice
         | and changes apply retroactively.
         | 
         | The use of passive voice in "may be changed" leaves open the
         | opportunity for you, the end user, to change the terms in your
         | favor. Just open the browser's web dev tools and change the
         | source. Don't forget to print a copy for your records; you're
         | probably going to need it when you bring the case to court. Or
         | just print their original terms, cross out the offending ones,
         | and amend to your satisfaction.
         | 
         | Heck, even _without_ implied permission to change the terms, I
         | see this as no different from somebody offering you a contract
         | which you can alter to suit your needs, then submit back to
         | them with your proposed changes.
        
       | lupire wrote:
       | The real problem here is that companies are allowed choose their
       | own arbitrator. It's not arbitration if the result is decided by
       | someone hired by one party.
       | 
       | Arbitrator should be selected by mutual agreement or assigned by
       | the government like a judge is.
        
         | RobotToaster wrote:
         | > Arbitrator should be selected by mutual agreement or assigned
         | by the government like a judge is.
         | 
         | We could go further and select them randomly. We could call it
         | a "jury of peers"
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | you want to go through jury selection, taking several people
           | away from their daily routine, so you can argue with T-Mobile
           | about your phone bill?
        
             | treyd wrote:
             | If it sets a precedent and prevents >12 other people from
             | having their phone bill screwed with in the same way then
             | that's a good tradeoff.
        
             | PittleyDunkin wrote:
             | Imagine if you could amortize the costs and simply mandate
             | that the state employ someone to decide these petty
             | quabbles.
             | 
             | Oh wait, this reinvents the court system.
        
             | simoncion wrote:
             | > ...so you can argue with T-Mobile about your phone bill?
             | 
             | a) If it's worth the cost of hiring a lawyer and paying
             | court fees, then yes, I'll absolutely pull in more than a
             | dozen registered voters to do what they signed up to do
             | when they registered to vote.
             | 
             | b) It's my understanding that access to Small Claims court
             | is also often barred by these binding arbitration
             | agreements... so even if it's small enough to not require a
             | lawyer (let alone a jury), you may be prevented from
             | seeking redress in open court.
        
             | johnnyanmac wrote:
             | You can't be spammed with jury duty in the US. And
             | honestly, being able to actually decide for my fellow man
             | every once in a while against BS claims sounds more
             | impactful than "well, this person was on camera doing the
             | crime. Open and shut".
             | 
             | But alas, the "will of the people" isn't used for civil
             | suits. Wonder why (genuinely. Feels backwards for a jury to
             | decide on something more technical like a criminal trial
             | but not to have an opinion on civilities, which is more
             | subjective).
        
             | int_19h wrote:
             | Maybe we should tax those large corps more, and use that
             | money to pay the jurors. ~
        
         | PittleyDunkin wrote:
         | Neither party should be allowed to determine arbitrator at all,
         | or the party with more money can simply purchase one.
        
       | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
       | I won't agree to arbitration services at all, if it removes your
       | right to sue. I have been burned in the past by a manifestly
       | unfair arbitration decision. We submitted our evidence, they
       | asked the other side for their response. The other side lied, and
       | provided no evidence. The arbitration service simply decided in
       | the other parties favor; we were allowed no rebuttal.
        
         | 0goel0 wrote:
         | How do you opt out from web services? Nearly all of them have a
         | all-or-nothing TOS.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Don't use them.
        
             | Iulioh wrote:
             | Thanks, that's really useful advice!
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | And yet here you are. Brilliant performance art.
             | 
             | https://www.ycombinator.com/legal/
             | 
             | THESE TERMS OF USE CONTAIN AN ARBITRATION AGREEMENT, WHICH
             | WILL, WITH LIMITED EXCEPTION, REQUIRE YOU TO SUBMIT CLAIMS
             | YOU HAVE AGAINST US TO BINDING AND FINAL ARBITRATION.
        
               | Y_Y wrote:
               | When I have claims against Hacker News then I submit them
               | to disinterested coworkers. Dang can't stop me.
        
             | olliej wrote:
             | But you're literally using one now, with a forced
             | arbitration agreement that you agreed to, is hackers new
             | commenting literally more important to you than the other
             | services you skip due to arbitration?
        
         | Cpoll wrote:
         | Legal question: is there an argument to be made that the
         | arbitrator did not behave as a neutral third party (assuming
         | that's the definition of arbitrator in your jurisdiction), and
         | thus the contract has been breached and you're open to sue? I
         | know that sounds Quixotic.
        
           | jordanb wrote:
           | The current supreme court loves arbitration so I highly doubt
           | that would work.
        
           | kmeisthax wrote:
           | So, in real civil court, there's a thing called discovery
           | which lets both sides demand evidence from one another with
           | the force of law. Such a thing is not guaranteed to be
           | available in arbitration, and in order for civil disputes to
           | be decided even remotely fairly, you have to have the ability
           | to pull evidence from the other side. Otherwise it's just "he
           | said, she said" which will go in favor of whoever is bringing
           | in the arbitrator more business.
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | You basically cant use any services then. Every single website
         | with a legal team now forces arbitration.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | Correct. That is your option when presented with unacceptable
           | terms. Don't accept them. Counter with your own terms (not
           | likely to work for run-of-the-mill online services though).
           | 
           | Additionally you may lobby your lawmakers to make this sort
           | of thing illegal or at least more limited. But these
           | arbitration clauses appeared because our civil law system was
           | out of control with lawsuits. There needs to be reasonable
           | limits on both sides.
        
             | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
             | This works if enough people act the same way, but not a
             | small minority.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | Speaking precisely, a small minority is plenty.
               | Successful businesses can run off a few hundred repeat
               | customers and a bit of passion. The root cause is more
               | that it is irrational to behave that way so there may be
               | literally no or single digit people who will behave that
               | way.
               | 
               | Putting some estimates to the situation, the calculation
               | is something like (chance of a serious dispute arising =
               | 0.0001) x (chance of a payout from the courts = 0.33) x
               | (payout = $100,000) -> I'd be willing to pay $3.30 extra
               | to avoid fixed arbitration clauses in a deal where there
               | was serious money at stake.
               | 
               | That doesn't exactly capture all the game theory of the
               | situation, but it suggests the risks here aren't worth
               | shopping around for. It is easier and more effective to
               | engage in economic voting with feet and punishing
               | businesses that way for failure.
        
           | karmonhardan wrote:
           | Except Valve, for their Steam service. But that's only
           | because someone realized that you could Zerg rush them with
           | arbitration claims, whose fees they were obliged to pay
           | (since their ToS forced users into it). Their only option
           | that wouldn't be massively disruptive financially, in that
           | case, would be to agree to a settlement with the arb
           | representatives. So, now, you're only allowed to sue Valve,
           | in a specific court of their choosing.
        
             | 4RealFreedom wrote:
             | I'm pretty ignorant about these kinds of things so how does
             | this work? If Valve can specify the court to be used
             | couldn't the company always choose something like Alaska or
             | Hawaii where it would be difficult to show up?
        
               | crooked-v wrote:
               | The key to mass arbitration filing is that it's the
               | lawyers doing it, and they're the ones showing up
               | wherever in place of the people who have signed
               | agreements with them. Said lawyers are essentially
               | gambling that the target company will give up and allow
               | normal legal maneuevers, because doing arbitration en
               | masse is actually really expensive for the company
               | mandating arbitration.
        
         | balderdash wrote:
         | I mean that's sounds reasonable, but only if your willing to up
         | opt of a modern life (cell phones, internet, credit cards,
         | subscription services, travel, insurance, etc.). I think the
         | only way to solve this issue is through legislation.
         | 
         | I actually don't have a problem with arbitration when it's a
         | mutually agreed deal term. But think that when it's in a
         | standard TOS/service there needs to be user protections/minimum
         | standards (e.g. capped claimant fees, option for neutral third
         | party arbiter, convenient/virtual location, discovery rights,
         | etc.)
        
           | eesmith wrote:
           | Nor can you publish in scientific journals which require an
           | ORCID. Their terms of service state "Except as set forth
           | herein, all Disputes shall be resolved by through a desk
           | arbitration".
        
         | PittleyDunkin wrote:
         | I'll happily accept arbitration clauses because I know I don't
         | have the money to sue in the first place.
         | 
         | Edit: why are you booing me?? I'm right
        
           | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
           | I don't know what jurisdiction you live in, but in the UK
           | there is the small claims court, which is not expensive (but
           | only for claims up to a few thousand).
        
             | PittleyDunkin wrote:
             | I would still be terrified to interact with such a
             | mechanism without a lawyer. Court will destroy your life
        
               | scott_w wrote:
               | While your chances of winning are lower without a lawyer,
               | they're nowhere near what you'd see on an episode of
               | Suits. It's more akin to what you'd see on Judge Judy
               | without the cameras and irritating preaching from a
               | judge.
        
           | lelandfe wrote:
           | Don't be glum, chap. You too could be a story on page 8 of
           | the local section regarding your brush with bankruptcy in
           | successfully suing CorpCo for $75,000 after 13 years of
           | appeals.
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Then you won't be allowed to any concert, anywhere, ever,
         | because they have a monopoly and make you sign that to buy a
         | ticket.
        
           | coderjames wrote:
           | And nothing of value was lost.
        
           | chillingeffect wrote:
           | Theres a concert now by one of my old favorite bands, The
           | Jesus Lizard. I would go with my college buddy, but I'm
           | seriously on the fence bc of Ticket Bastard. I want to
           | support the band, too. Hrmmm
        
         | entropi wrote:
         | I am not a lawyer or anything, but how is that legal? If simply
         | opting out of the legal system is an option, why does it exist?
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | Well, because Congress passed the Federal Arbitration Act,
           | which says it's legal.
           | 
           | Depending on your views, you might also note that American
           | courts are ruinously expensive and many people are denied
           | access to justice because they can't afford to go through the
           | legal process - which a cheaper parallel system can help
           | with.
           | 
           | Or with different political views, you might note that
           | because the powerful elite get to write the contract, the
           | powerful are only subject to arbitration when they want to
           | be. And laws are written by the powerful elite.
        
           | alsetmusic wrote:
           | Same reason you're allowed to defend yourself in court (to
           | your peril) despite being afforded representation. It's a
           | freedom, until you're locked into it by a larger organization
           | with all the money and power plus a service you need to
           | survive (or at least survive with some modicum of
           | convenience). We've really allowed the moneyed interests to
           | capture nearly everything.
        
       | DidYaWipe wrote:
       | TicketMaster's continued existence makes a mockery of everything
       | we learned about antitrust laws.
        
         | jimt1234 wrote:
         | Correct. If it was possible for me to _not_ do business with
         | TicketMaster, I would, but it 's just not possible. Pretty much
         | any concert or sporting event I'm interested in _requires_ me
         | to use TicketMaster.
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | Antitrust laws as they exist are useless. They require a bar
         | that is impossible to prove in real life. We need new laws that
         | are flexible and allow a lot more power to split up and fine
         | large companies
        
       | fieldcny wrote:
       | Arbitration is just another power grab by companies, originally
       | the government would keep this sort of excess and greed in check,
       | as we have successively dismantled that capability the people of
       | this country had to turn to the courts to seek redress and
       | enforce the cost of consequences of mismanagement back on to the
       | balance sheets of the companies via legal liabilities.
       | 
       | This was supposed to be the mechanism that enforced market
       | penalization envisaged by capitalism, especially in sectors where
       | choice was limited or no other options existed.
       | 
       | Companies got tired of having to deal with lawsuits that resulted
       | from the misbehavior of their organizations so they started
       | pushing binding arbitration clauses, and because no one gives a
       | fuck about the people in this country they have been able to push
       | this as an effective and cheap mechanism to shut customers up and
       | remove their rights.
       | 
       | However you feel about corporations, they are entities that
       | exists only because our social contract allows them to, they
       | haven't always existed and if we keep granting them or allowing
       | them greater rights and freedoms than the actual people in this
       | country, they may not always exist.
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | Arbitration makes sense when you think about how costly the
         | court system is. The problem is that the defendant gets to
         | choose the arbiter, so its not a fair system. If the arbiter
         | was neutral I think arbitration would generally be better than
         | the traditional court system in many cases as its easier to use
         | without legal representation.
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | > its easier to use without legal representation
           | 
           | Not really. Any corporation will be represented in an
           | arbitration by lawyers. The arbiter will likely be a lawyer.
           | You will be bamboozled by their arguments and the best you
           | can hope for is to make a reasonably clear statement of your
           | claim and hope that the arbiter doesn't agree with some
           | technical argument the other side has.
           | 
           | And (I don't know if it always works this way) you will take
           | turns speaking with the arbiter, you will not directly hear
           | or be able to question/challenge what the the other party is
           | saying.
        
           | jordanb wrote:
           | The "defense" would argue that the arbitrator was mutually
           | selected when the contract was signed, because the "plantiff"
           | agreed to the contract terms.
           | 
           | The fact that the contract was non-negotiable should have
           | made it a "contract of adhesion" where the plaintiff is
           | recognized to have little choice in the details and the
           | courts should provide scrutiny to ensure that they were
           | equitable. But the supreme court has decided that "contracts
           | of adhesion" don't really exist because you always had the
           | choice to not have a cell phone or internet service or a job.
        
           | fieldcny wrote:
           | The court system is expensive because it's the wrong
           | mechanism to address this aspect of corporate and monopoly
           | power, frankly all companies have gotten too large they
           | aren't efficient at any thing other than redistribution of
           | the fruits of labor increasingly unfairly all the way up the
           | organizational chart.
           | 
           | The fact that no-one fails no matter the egregiousness of
           | their actions or behaviors is absurd.
        
             | johnnyanmac wrote:
             | Well sadly, the mechanism made to disrupt such monopolies
             | will probably be crippled in 6-12 months, maybe even
             | sooner. We're definitely in a plutocracy .
        
       | ajb wrote:
       | US arbitration law is weird. A particularly bizarre one is that a
       | judge did not find it possible to strike down an arbitration
       | agreement where there arbitrator is part of the organisation
       | being complained of:
       | 
       | https://archive.is/mIfMs
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | I keep waiting for a PE firm to buy JAMS, engage abusive
         | business practices in another business the own, then force
         | arbitration with JAMS.
        
         | int_19h wrote:
         | It never ceases to amaze me that the Gold Base hasn't been
         | raided by the feds yet.
        
       | djbusby wrote:
       | Another big company (Amazon) uses arbitration to just move the
       | minimum they can screw you over for. That's is, step one for
       | arbitration is to first pay the arbitration fees (~2k USD). Which
       | basically means you can never fight back for small things.
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | Isn't forced arbitration only allowed if the company (by
         | default) pays the fees?
        
           | PittleyDunkin wrote:
           | That seems unamerican and unfair to the company.
           | 
           | Edit: this was sarcasm.
        
       | throw7 wrote:
       | Arbitration seems like how courts-martials were in the early
       | days... completely lopsided in favor of the State, except it's
       | corporations now. Either we get rid of arbitration (which I don't
       | think is gonna happen) or there needs to be regulations to bring
       | it under control (whatever that may be, i have no idea myself).
       | 
       | Almost every service I use has, over time, switched me over to
       | require the use of arbitration.
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | do you have your data to support that its outcomes are
         | lopsided?
        
         | simoncion wrote:
         | > Almost every service I use has, over time, switched me over
         | to require the use of arbitration.
         | 
         | Many employers (even big-name tech companies) will not employ
         | you unless you agree to forced arbitration for everything,
         | including all labor law violations but for sexual misconduct
         | charges. [0] It's really cool how fine the courts and
         | Congresscritters are with the fact that many of the labor
         | regulations and protections folks literally fought and died for
         | a century ago have been quietly taken away from us.
         | 
         | [0] The carveout for sexual misconduct charges is to serve as
         | defense against Twitter mobs and also to meet the Federal
         | "Well, it doesn't cover literally every aspect of labor law, so
         | it's clearly narrow in scope and targeted, therefor it's not an
         | illegal [restraint]!" interpretation of case law.
        
         | jauntywundrkind wrote:
         | Except now, with forum shopping & 5th district courts,
         | companies are getting everything they asked for.
         | 
         | And the activist court will bend over backwards to make new
         | pro-business pro-partisan (imo anti-human) precedent whenever
         | they can. Hardly a symbol of partisan restraint, the Supreme
         | Court has sent words down to the 5th, for example, in pretty
         | bold terms. https://www.reuters.com/legal/musks-x-seeks-steer-
         | lawsuits-c...
         | 
         | They weren't using arbitration before afaik, but ExTwitter for
         | example is trying to court/forum steer to a very favorable
         | North Texas district.
         | https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/oct/17/elon-musk...
         | 
         | The days of the courts being balanced & reasonable seems over &
         | it seems like companies have been super able to exploit this
         | shift.
        
           | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
           | Isn't arbitration a result of legislation? Why haven't
           | various Congress of both parties or a mix undone it? Or
           | changed its regulations to make it more fair? I don't think
           | this is something for the courts to decide as much as
           | legislators personally
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-11-09 23:00 UTC)