[HN Gopher] Making Electronic Calipers
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       Making Electronic Calipers
        
       Author : surprisetalk
       Score  : 65 points
       Date   : 2024-11-08 15:29 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (kevinlynagh.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (kevinlynagh.com)
        
       | satiric wrote:
       | I don't actually see an accuracy number, only the claim of
       | "millimeter precision", which is actually pretty bad for
       | calipers. Looks like a fun project though. Basically a linear
       | resolver sensor I guess. From how much effort the author has put
       | into the project I'd estimate the accuracy is much better than
       | +/- 0.5mm.
        
         | Arcanum-XIII wrote:
         | Which is quite low. My manual caliper is precise to the 1/10 of
         | a mm, my electronic to 1/100 (but I would say 0,02 is the more
         | realistic) The manual one is not good, harbor freight quality,
         | electronic is a mituyo (not an entry level). Still - good ROI
         | on both, got the electronic one because my eyesight is not that
         | good anymore.
        
           | jcgrillo wrote:
           | With a decent set of vernier calipers (I have Brown and
           | Sharpe ones) they're accurate to 0.001" (0.02mm) every time.
           | But what's nice about analog measuring tools is you can
           | actually reliably achieve better accuracy--like 0.0005" +/-
           | 0.00025"--by "reading between the lines". I can reliably take
           | finishing cuts accurately to a few ten thousandths of an inch
           | using vernier calipers (confirmed by checking with a
           | micrometer accurate to 0.0001").
           | 
           | The only application I've encountered where digital tools
           | work better for me is having a DRO on a mill is extremely
           | convenient.
        
             | varjag wrote:
             | You really want to use a mike on this kind of precision.
             | Calipers can be repeatable in a certain range but even then
             | a readout from vernier gives too much error. Measuring a
             | tenth of mm is acceptable (tho I'd never trust a vernier
             | caliper measurement beyond 0.2). A hundredth IMO is wishful
             | thinking.
        
               | jcgrillo wrote:
               | Looking at my calipers now I noticed that the imperial
               | side is twice as precise as the metric side. Graduations
               | of 0.05mm vs 0.001". I wonder why that is.
        
               | genewitch wrote:
               | tenths and hundredths of an inch "don't mean anything"
               | because we don't divide inches that way in common use,
               | but in subtractive manufacturing and the like they do use
               | "thou" - and 0.001" is a thou.
               | 
               | Personally, i use microns instead of 0.001mm, too, when
               | measuring that small. I forget the accuracy of my good
               | calipers, but i could detect errors of around 2 microns
               | if memory serves. It's been a long time since i cared
               | about anything that accurate so i have two pairs of cheap
               | plastic ones - scale and digital.
        
               | jcgrillo wrote:
               | Yeah I only use calipers and micrometers for machining--I
               | haven found any use for additive manufacturing--and never
               | in metric units because all my tools are imperial. Just
               | strange the calipers punish metric users by giving them
               | only half the precision.
        
               | varjag wrote:
               | A typical metric micrometer is accurate to 0.01mm (tho
               | you can find more precise ones at premium). It's really
               | unlikely you'll get a micron precision from any calipers.
               | Even an angry glance warms up the instrument enough to
               | make this meaningless.
               | 
               | Microns are the domain of grinding and lapping, you
               | rarely ever need to go there with cutting.
        
           | eth0up wrote:
           | The proper term for calipers, for me, is Mitutoyo. I really
           | want one of the solar models.
        
           | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
           | Interesting that you say that. My current backburner project
           | is a display (TFT or PC) for Mitutoyo Digimatic. I can read
           | the bright VFD display, but it struck me that others might
           | find it difficult to read from across a workbench.
        
       | deskr wrote:
       | > Have you ever wished for a 500 Hz, millimeter-precise linear
       | position sensing system
       | 
       | Kind of, but I'd like an 0.01mm precision please. It can be just
       | a few Hz, I don't need 500 Hz.
       | 
       | Great project though!
        
         | tonyarkles wrote:
         | I'd be super curious to see how the accuracy changes with
         | averaging out/low-pass filtering the measurements. Accuracy
         | usually improves proportional to sqrt(N) when you take N
         | samples so your higher precision desire might just be a bit of
         | code to write.
         | 
         | The other side of it though is that you're starting to get down
         | into the "everything needs to be temperature controlled" region
         | as you squeeze that precision number. FR-4 and copper have
         | thermal expansion coefficients around 15-20ppm/C. If I'm doing
         | this mental math correctly, a 5 deg temperature rise would make
         | a 1m long piece of FR4 expand by 0.1mm, or a 10cm piece of FR4
         | expand by 0.01mm.
        
           | foobarian wrote:
           | One time I wanted to demonstrate thermal expansion to my kid
           | (1st grade or so) so I made some marks with a steel ruler and
           | put it in the freezer. Imagine my surprise when we took it
           | out and there was no perceptible difference :-D
        
           | satiric wrote:
           | With some microcontrollers you can do this "averaging out"
           | just by changing ADC parameters, you don't even have to write
           | the low-pass-filter code.
        
       | contingencies wrote:
       | TLDR: <0.02mm should be possible w/open source using cheap fabs.
       | 
       | Interesting project. The hardware guy earlier built a rotary
       | encoder and a vape pen. I am no metrologist (though by chance I
       | once worked for the UK guy who brought Hexagon to China and made
       | bank), this looks overall like quite a complex scheme that was
       | probably referenced from an existing implementation. These days
       | you can get 0.10mm pitch tracks and offsets ("4 mil") or 0.09mm
       | ("3.5 mil") from JLC on 2 layer/4+ layer. With flex PCBs you can
       | get still smaller pitch ("3 mil"). Combining a few rows of these
       | with basic multi-track rotary encoder theory should give you
       | portions thereof, ~0.01-0.02mm.
       | 
       | This back of hand calculation aligns well with my Mitutoyo's test
       | report, which states maximum permissible error is 0.04mm @ 5mm
       | diameter, 0.02mm @ 0-200mm, and 0.03mm @ 300mm. Indicated errors
       | on the test report are all in the range of 0mm-0.02mm except
       | inside radius which is 0.03mm. This would be a standard high
       | grade caliper level of precision.
       | 
       | In practice, achieving these levels is going to require machining
       | high grade steels and mounting them at high levels of
       | parallelism, not simply working out the electronics.
       | 
       | See also: https://www.eevblog.com/forum/projects/absolute-
       | capacitive-r... (see animation, GC7626C datasheet)
       | https://github.com/littleboot/ACRE
        
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