[HN Gopher] Aldebaran 1959 Spacecraft Concept (2010)
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       Aldebaran 1959 Spacecraft Concept (2010)
        
       Author : LorenDB
       Score  : 58 points
       Date   : 2024-11-04 23:39 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (armaghplanet.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (armaghplanet.com)
        
       | gary_0 wrote:
       | (2010)
        
       | imoverclocked wrote:
       | This would be neat to see in space where the fallout wouldn't be
       | an environmental issue. I have to wonder if anyone with
       | significant credentials has considered a high-thrust nuclear ion-
       | drive yet. Certainly sci-fi has!
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > the fallout wouldn't be an environmental issue.
         | 
         | "It's outside the environment."
         | 
         | > has considered a high-thrust nuclear
         | 
         | Of course we have. Always start at NTRS:
         | https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690000736
         | 
         | > Certainly sci-fi has!
         | 
         | Our Solar system is a gravitational well that tends to put
         | things in solar orbit. You really want the waste products to
         | leave the solar system, which isn't terribly difficult, or you
         | want them to land on the sun itself, which is exceptionally
         | difficult.
        
           | WillPostForFood wrote:
           | _Our Solar system is a gravitational well that tends to put
           | things in solar orbit. You really want the waste products to
           | leave the solar system, which isn 't terribly difficult, or
           | you want them to land on the sun itself, which is
           | exceptionally difficult._
           | 
           | Yes, it is counter intuitive but it takes less energy to
           | leave the solar system get to the sun (you have to cancel out
           | the Earth's orbital speed). Something learned from Kerbel
           | Space Program.
        
             | pmontra wrote:
             | Time ago I read that the cheapest way to do it (energy
             | wise) is going very far away, let's say entering Pluto's or
             | Neptune's orbits, cancel out the orbital speed there (it's
             | lower than Earth's one) and then fall into the sun. It
             | takes quite a bit of patience.
        
               | vikingerik wrote:
               | Right, this is a bi-elliptic transfer, which is delta-v-
               | cheaper than a Hohmann transfer for widely separated
               | orbits. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi-
               | elliptic_transfer
               | 
               | In practice in the real solar system, the cheapest way to
               | get from Earth to the Sun is to use Jupiter. Launch to
               | there and reverse-slingshot to cancel out the orbital
               | velocity and drop directly towards the Sun. The Parker
               | Solar Probe would have done this, although decided not to
               | because of the complications in designing to handle both
               | the cold of Jupiter and the heat of the Sun.
        
           | adrianN wrote:
           | I'm okay with waste products on an orbit that doesn't make
           | them rain on Earth for a few dozen millennia.
        
             | recursive wrote:
             | Why would it be okay to rain the waste products on earth in
             | a few dozen millenia. Do you think life will be over by
             | then?
        
       | aledalgrande wrote:
       | Some visuals https://interestingengineering.com/science/project-
       | orion-the...
       | 
       | PDF in this article is a 404
        
         | BrandonMarc wrote:
         | See also this image from the article. The design of the
         | Aldebaran is a giant flying boat, with air intakes in the wings
         | to help create the nuclear exhaust exiting the reaction chamber
         | nozzle.
         | 
         | https://up-ship.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2010/02/image25....
        
           | caseyy wrote:
           | What a time of dreaming big...
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | Here's the famous XKCD radiation dosage chart for scale:
             | https://xkcd.com/radiation/ . The highest scale in the
             | chart, the yellow boxes, represents 50 Sieverts, of the
             | dosage received from standing next to the Chernobyl core
             | for ten minutes just after meltdown. A conservative
             | estimate is that one launch on this thing would expose the
             | crew to 5000 Sieverts, or 100 Chernobyls worth.
             | Furthermore, we've sen how simple atmospheric nuclear
             | testing irradiated the entire planet for half a century
             | (see the Kodak film story and low-background steel), any
             | prolonged use of this thing would have caused cancer rates
             | to (ahem) skyrocket worldwide due to distribution of
             | nuclear fallout into the atmosphere.
             | 
             | Let's not romanticize stupid ideas. Leave this one in the
             | dustbin of history.
        
           | keyle wrote:
           | Gorgeous. Maybe there is a universe...
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Pictures of Orion concepts have been widely distributed for
       | decades, but not this one. Going into space with an air-breathing
       | nuclear bomb powered jet engine. That is truly weird. How fast
       | was it supposed to be going in atmosphere, I wonder. Did it carry
       | reaction mass for vacuum so it could keep going out of the
       | atmosphere?
       | 
       | The trouble with nuclear rockets is that although you have plenty
       | of energy, you still need to carry reaction mass - air, or water,
       | or something - and a lot of it. That becomes the limit on
       | delta-V.
       | 
       | (The great frustration of rockets: not only do rockets need
       | something to push against, they have to carry it with them.)
        
         | unwind wrote:
         | Uh, is it really clear to say that rockets "push against"
         | something? That makes it sound as if they could absolutely not
         | work in space, which they obviously do.
         | 
         | "They push against their own exhaust" seems to be the idea that
         | motivates the pushing explanation, but to me that just invites
         | the question "using what?" and makes things even more
         | complicated. At least in my opinion.
         | 
         | I think Newton's 3rd ([1], forces and reaction forces) is a
         | better explanation.
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%27s_laws_of_motion
        
           | richrichardsson wrote:
           | > rockets need something to push against, they have to carry
           | _it_ with them.
           | 
           | (Emphasis added)
           | 
           | The rocket exhaust is "pushing against" the rocket itself,
           | propelling it forward.
           | 
           | Rocket exhaust goes <- which creates the equal and opposite
           | force -> which pushes against the mass of the rocket sending
           | it on its way.
        
         | cryptonector wrote:
         | > not only do rockets need something to push against, they have
         | to carry it with them
         | 
         | I think you meant "something to push _with_. But anyways,
         | nuclear explosions make their own hot gasses out of the
         | reactants, and the problem with that is getting that to be
         | directed and also to not get the ship -you know- blown up in
         | the process.
         | 
         | A better approach is to have a nuclear reactor to heat reaction
         | gasses to much higher temps than chemical reactions allow for,
         | thus increasing ISP a lot. The main problem with this is that
         | nuclear reactors need a lot of cooling, even and especially
         | after you shut them off, and the reaction gasses are going to
         | be your only way to cool them. Alternatively you can carry huge
         | radiators -- really huge, because in space you don't get to
         | exchange heat with an atmosphere or a body of water, so you can
         | only radiate or ablate away the excess heat, and either way
         | would require huge amounts of extra mass. Another problem is
         | that stop/start latency with nuclear reactors is huge, so they
         | would only work for interstellar travel, I think. I'm sure if
         | you carry enough reaction mass then nuclear reactors can work
         | well for interstellar trips.
        
           | glompers wrote:
           | By pushing against it they are pushing with it
        
       | JKCalhoun wrote:
       | The long _Discovery_ space craft depicted in the latter half of
       | "2001: A Space Odyssey" was derived from the nuclear rocket. It
       | was suggested that the radioactive part of an Orion-style space
       | craft be put far away from the crew compartment.
       | 
       | We can probably can thank Fred Ordway (Marshall Spaceflight
       | Center engineer) who Kubrick brought on board as technical
       | consultant back then. (And of course for the _look_ of the ships
       | that are still so iconic over 50 years later I shouldn 't leave
       | off Harry Lange.)
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | The 2001 spacecraft was implied to be a NERVA-type nuclear
         | rocket (ie push working fluid through a high temperature
         | reactor), rather than an Orion type (propulsion via small
         | nuclear explosions).
         | 
         | But yeah, "crew module, long thing, engine" was how these were,
         | virtually always, depicted in sci-fi.
        
       | TruffleLabs wrote:
       | On Wikipedia "List of stories featuring nuclear pulse propulsion"
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stories_featuring_nucl...
        
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