[HN Gopher] World's oldest tree? Genetic analysis traces evoluti...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       World's oldest tree? Genetic analysis traces evolution of iconic
       Pando forest
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2024-11-04 22:58 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | mobeets wrote:
       | The fact that Pando is a single organism is so confusing to me.
       | I'm guessing there are more forests like Pando that are also a
       | single organism? Is this something unique to this particular
       | species?
        
         | edf13 wrote:
         | Just think of it as the root system - the "trees" are all
         | sprouting from that.
        
         | torlok wrote:
         | Black Locust can produce sprouts out of its root system, but
         | from what I've read a single organism can cover up to 1ha, and
         | the sprouts become independent eventually, so not exactly the
         | same.
        
           | jprd wrote:
           | They are also wicked with thorns when young. Someone planted
           | a few in the 70s around here (Pine Bush reserve in Upstate
           | NY), and they won't go away. They thrive in the pine bush and
           | steal from the native environment. Prescribed burns help on
           | the reserve bits, but on the private properties surrounding
           | it is a nightmare. The amount of scars I have from these
           | invasive trees' thorns is nuts.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | Sounds like rhizomes. These are not uncommon in plants.
         | Bluegrass lawn for instance spreads this way. But yes I never
         | imagined a similar thing with trees.
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | I believe the difference is that rhizomes are special
           | structures meant for reproduction, whereas with Pando and
           | other quaking aspens, it's just normal tree roots that pop up
           | near the surface and start growing into trees.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | Pretty much all plants have similar abilities to reproduce
         | clonally as a byproduct of how they grow. Normally we don't
         | count the individuals as a collective organism the same way we
         | do Pando though.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | I thought the scientific consensus was Pando does not
           | actually reproduce anymore and is shrinking
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | I've never heard that. The aboveground stems of aspens live
             | just over a century, so Pando would be dead very quickly
             | (in relative terms) if that was true. I see some articles
             | online that new shoots are struggling to survive because of
             | herbivores though.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | apparently I had it wrong. The net size is decreasing
               | over time, but new shoots do still emerge and mature into
               | healthy structures
        
             | dreamcompiler wrote:
             | Forest Service says it's showing signs of decline due to
             | "... a lack of regeneration, along with insects and
             | disease."
             | 
             | https://www.fs.usda.gov/detail/fishlake/home/?cid=STELPRDB5
             | 3...
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | You seem to dismiss that Pando is uniquely special. The claim
           | is that Pando is the oldest organism on Earth. Do you
           | disagree? If so, what are some organisms that might be older?
        
             | bloak wrote:
             | See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_longest-
             | living_organis...
             | 
             | I've not yet seen an explanation of what counts as a single
             | "organism" for these purposes and the estimated ages are
             | all over the place.
        
               | Buttons840 wrote:
               | My guess at a definition: All parts connected, having the
               | same DNA, and supporting each other by sharing nutrients.
        
             | AlotOfReading wrote:
             | I'm not dismissing that Pando is old or interesting. I'm
             | saying that clonal reproduction is not especially uncommon
             | in the plant kingdom and that we typically don't consider
             | the resulting plants part of the same collective organism.
             | 
             | The same type of vegetative reproduction is happening every
             | time a potato or garlic clove is planted, for example.
             | Asparagus is an even closer analogy to Pando.
        
               | Mistletoe wrote:
               | The roots of Pando are all connected though and a potato
               | plant from a piece definitely isn't.
               | 
               | > Generally speaking, yes. Each of Pando's branches is
               | connected to the others through a shared root system.
        
           | digging wrote:
           | Pando isn't a bunch of individual clones though, it's a
           | single contiguous organism.
        
             | sqeaky wrote:
             | What is the dividiing line between single organism and
             | clones with connecting structure, like shared roots?
             | 
             | It seems like a fuzzy gradient to me. Maybe some biologist
             | can share what makes the distinction clear, but I can
             | imagine a gradient ranging from fully distinct autonomous
             | disconnected clones all the way to clearly a single
             | organism that only grows outward into a large sphere.
             | 
             | Clearly Pando is somewhere in the middle of this gradient.
             | What is Pando's position on that gradient and why is "bunch
             | of individual clones" somewhere else? How is another tree
             | sharing a roots not a single individual too?
        
               | digging wrote:
               | Super confused here because the distinction seems
               | completely clear to me? Relatively few plants, when
               | mature, will start growing clones up from their roots,
               | but it's a known growth pattern. They're called suckers,
               | and I've never heard them referred to as distinct
               | individuals.
               | 
               | But _most_ plants can be cloned by taking a cutting and
               | giving it continuous water + air and letting it start
               | growing a new root system. I 've never heard anybody
               | suggest the cutting is not a new, distinct plant.
        
         | Gravityloss wrote:
         | That also has made me wonder. If these are common but not
         | generally mapped or surveyed, then it'd be likely this is not
         | oldest etc...
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | The name Pando adds to the mystery of the organism. If it was
         | called Fish Lake forest or something, it would be hard to draw
         | any attention.
        
           | space_oddity wrote:
           | Pando has an almost mythical ring to it
        
         | cg5280 wrote:
         | All quaking aspens can reproduce through their roots systems
         | (as well as by seeds); you typically see them as clusters in
         | the forests they reside instead of peppered around like other
         | trees. Pando is unique because it can _only_ reproduce
         | asexually as well as its huge size. Most aspen colonies are not
         | nearly as big.
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | >Pando is unique because it can only reproduce asexually
           | 
           | Is that true? I've seen it mentioned in non-scientific
           | articles, but have never seen anything scientific saying so.
           | I'm not sure why Pando would be different from any other
           | member of its species.
        
         | dvh wrote:
         | Japanese knotweed in Europe
        
         | Suppafly wrote:
         | >The fact that Pando is a single organism is so confusing to
         | me.
         | 
         | All of the tree stalks are connected to the same roots, so it's
         | all one big organism.
        
       | jboggan wrote:
       | If you're ever in central Utah you should make the trip to see
       | Pando, it grows beside Fish Lake which is teeming with life, and
       | surrounded by beautiful hills and mountains that make for great
       | campsite views. The lake is full of landlocked kokanee salmon
       | that never see an ocean in their lifetime.
        
         | space_oddity wrote:
         | Have you camped there?
        
         | borg16 wrote:
         | i was once on a solo road trip. I took a turn by chance and
         | ended up near this lake and saw the Pando being talked about
         | here. Talk about coincidence!
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | Some lakes like these have populations maintained by stocking.
         | 
         | https://theonion.com/wildlife-officials-restock-lake-by-drop...
        
           | jayrot wrote:
           | Nature, uhh, finds a way.
        
       | fritzo wrote:
       | TIL Pando is not just an especially large quaking aspen, but
       | rather a triploid mutant that can reproduce only asexually.
        
         | dvh wrote:
         | I once spoke with fish biologist about goldfish (or was it
         | carasius? I don't remember), they reproduce via gynogenesis,
         | it's like pathogenesis but they need some trigger like other
         | fish spawning, and I said surely there must be some hidden pond
         | in some misty mountains in China where there are still male
         | goldfish. I asked him if he believe such hidden pond could
         | exist somewhere and he said no and mumbled something about
         | triploids. Scientists are not romantic.
        
           | vanderZwan wrote:
           | They're romantic until romanticism gets in the way of
           | dispassionate interpretations of what the data tells them to
           | be the most likely truth. Would you rather have them make
           | stuff up and undermine the very purpose of their job?
        
             | PittleyDunkin wrote:
             | I think there's a middle ground we call "the capacity for
             | imagination", which can be both romantic and need not
             | conflict with empirical analysis.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > they reproduce via gynogenesis, it's like pathogenesis
           | 
           | That's an interesting choice of word construction.
           | 
           |  _parthenogenesis_ - > virgin birth.
           | 
           |  _gynecogenesis_ - > woman birth.
           | 
           | [ _gynogenesis_ is an impossible form, and _pathogenesis_
           | would refer to  "disease birth"]
           | 
           | I can see how "virgin birth" is distinctive compared to
           | ordinary birth. How is "woman birth" supposed to be
           | different? Are people not normally born from... women?
        
             | dvh wrote:
             | pathogenesis was spellcheck error (I meant parthenogenesis)
             | and gynogenesis is real
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gynogenesis
        
             | deaddodo wrote:
             | > How is "woman birth" supposed to be different? Are people
             | not normally born from... women?
             | 
             | It's referring to the _to_ , not the _from_. But in either
             | case, yes; however, males are usually involved. In this
             | case, it 's woman exclusive.
             | 
             | They simply use sperm to stimulate the urge to
             | procreate/kick off the process. Thus, the need for other
             | species to be spawning nearby.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | Well, the article says this:
         | 
         | > Pando is triploid, meaning that its cells contain three
         | copies of each chromosome, rather than two. As a result, Pando
         | cannot reproduce sexually and mix its DNA with that of other
         | trees
         | 
         | but this seems to misunderstand the nature of plants. In an
         | animal, this kind of ploidy variability wouldn't just make the
         | organism sterile, it would kill it. Plants are more tolerant,
         | and many species are known which have done what this article
         | claims is impossible. For example, redwoods are hexaploid,
         | which doesn't interfere with their reproduction.
         | 
         | Wikipedia:
         | 
         | > Polyploidy has come to be understood as quite common in
         | plants--with estimates ranging from 47% to 100% of flowering
         | plants and extant ferns having derived from ancient polyploidy.
         | 
         | ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequoioideae )
         | 
         | It just isn't an obstacle. I don't know what the article author
         | was thinking.
        
           | Suppafly wrote:
           | >It just isn't an obstacle. I don't know what the article
           | author was thinking.
           | 
           | Probably googling a term, learning how it applies to mammals
           | and assuming that's true for plants as well.
        
           | ljsprague wrote:
           | >redwoods are hexaploid, which doesn't interfere with their
           | reproduction
           | 
           | Six is divisible by two though.
        
       | carom wrote:
       | The oldest non-colonal tree is in California at 4800 some years
       | old.
       | 
       | 1. https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methuselah_(pine_tree)
        
       | Suppafly wrote:
       | Anyone know if you can get sprouts from Pando to start your own
       | mini version?
        
       | lialopx wrote:
       | k
        
       | lialopx wrote:
       | hola?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-11-05 23:00 UTC)