[HN Gopher] Nutrient levels in retail grocery stores
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       Nutrient levels in retail grocery stores
        
       Author : amadeuspagel
       Score  : 83 points
       Date   : 2024-11-04 19:24 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (altered.substack.com)
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | I thought it was a little weird that they start off talking about
       | "calcium, magnesium, and iron" and then immediately switch to
       | talking about how vitamin C degrades over time in produce. OK
       | sure, vitamin C can enhance iron absorption, but it doesn't do
       | that for calcium or magnesium and, being atomic elements, they
       | assuredly do not disappear from food in storage.
       | 
       | When an article conflates things like this without calling it
       | out, I become suspicious of the rest of the claims.
        
         | hansonkd wrote:
         | The article doesn't say those minerals degrade, however it also
         | fails to reiterate the linked paper's reason:
         | 
         | > The high rate of magnesium deficiency now postulated [5-8]
         | can be attributed in part to a steady decline in general
         | magnesium content in cultivated fruits and vegetables, a
         | reflection of the observed depletion of magnesium in soil over
         | the past 100 years
         | 
         | > Increasing demand for food has caused modern farming modern
         | farming techniques to impact the soil's ability to restore
         | natural minerals such as magnesium. techniques to impact the
         | soil's ability to restore natural minerals such as magnesium.
         | In addition, the use of phosphate-based fertilizers has
         | resulted in the production of aqueously insoluble use of
         | phosphate-based fertilizers has resulted in the production of
         | aqueously insoluble magnesium phosphate complexes, for example,
         | further depriving the soil of both components
        
           | solomonb wrote:
           | Well that quote appears to contradict the article's claim
           | that speed to market is the most important factor.
           | 
           | Now I don't know what to think..
        
             | hirako2000 wrote:
             | Here is a way to look at it.
             | 
             | You read the article, and by the end you have actionable
             | items, that you can execute today, literally.
             | 
             | Many piece published on the topic go on and on about how
             | agricultural methods should do this and that. Sure, and in
             | the meantime what do we do?
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | It does mention those reasons and others, however all those
           | reasons directly contradict the article's next point "If all
           | you care about is nutrient content, SPEED is the only factor
           | that matters". Seems like all these other factors should
           | matter too! Surely not every farm is equal in these
           | respects...
        
             | hansonkd wrote:
             | > It does mention those reasons
             | 
             | whoops you're right, I somehow skipped that part.
             | 
             | I guess it is kind of weird article with contradicting
             | points of view and the author could have communicated that
             | improving soil quality and pairing it with speed to
             | consumption is the best combination.
        
               | hirako2000 wrote:
               | My read is that the author is taking the view of
               | consumers. Not regulators and producers.
        
             | biot wrote:
             | > Seems like all these other factors should matter too!
             | 
             | The way I read it was that there are some minerals that are
             | no longer there to begin with because they're simply not in
             | the soil. For nutrients (like vitamin C) created as part of
             | the growing process, speed is the only factor that matters.
             | 
             | So yes, it does matter but unless you have a way of knowing
             | which farm(s) the produce came from and what their soil
             | mineral content is, that's not something you can factor
             | into your purchasing decision.
        
           | paulgerhardt wrote:
           | One of my unorthodox views is that the popular blue light
           | obsession is exacerbated by magnesium deficiency, given how
           | hard it is to get enough in our diets.
           | 
           | Yes, blue light disrupts melatonin and makes it harder to get
           | to bed. But magnesium disrupts sleep quality and deregulates
           | melatonin production in the first place and makes one
           | particularly sensitive to blue light.
        
             | manmal wrote:
             | Melatonin production is influenced at least also by: Zinc,
             | iron, calcium, copper, P5P (active B6), and tryptophan.
             | Selenium, iodine, and manganese are involved in indirect
             | ways. Many people are deficient in most, or all of those.
             | 
             | To be fair, some of these, like iodine and selenium, have
             | always been problematic in some regions, like Switzerland
             | (lots of goiters). But I find it less than ideal that only
             | some minerals are fortified in bread and milk etc, because
             | their deficiency is very obvious. While all the other
             | minerals are not fortified because their deficiencies are
             | less obvious or less well understood.
             | 
             | A healthy human body contains quite a few minerals in
             | greater abundance than iodine: copper, bromine, strontium,
             | rubidium, gallium, silicon, zinc, iron, and the
             | electrolytes. Some of them don't even have lab tests (not
             | that blood tests work well for minerals, which is another
             | issue - blood is short term transport for most minerals,
             | not storage).
        
         | hirako2000 wrote:
         | Not contradicting your view that the article isn't very
         | diligent, but have you heard of oxidation?
         | 
         | Atoms constantly react to the environment, they can bond with
         | other atoms, form new compounds. Oxidation time varies, in the
         | case of potassium it is very fast, the claims in the articles
         | would stand. For vitamins, it also depends.
         | 
         | I got into a rabbit hole a few years back, digging into numbers
         | from multiple academic sources on the subject. They concur that
         | fruits and vegetables have "lost" the majority of their
         | nutrient density. The low end figure is (rather was) 70% loss,
         | the high end 90%.
         | 
         | The reasons are multiple like the article said. I recall
         | reading a thorough and most backed paper explaining the main
         | cause is the soil. We are over exploiting, not allowing the
         | time needed for soils to recoup their content, in minerals in
         | particular. We use fertilisers but these are to enable growth,
         | not so that what end up in your dish is rich in nutrient.
         | 
         | We could quite easily reverse the trend, even getting back to
         | normal levels, but that implies a massive hit in production for
         | several years, in a row. Some would call it greed, but can we
         | even produce for the world's population if we did that...
        
           | philipkglass wrote:
           | _Not contradicting your view that the article isn 't very
           | diligent, but have you heard of oxidation?_
           | 
           |  _Atoms constantly react to the environment, they can bond
           | with other atoms, form new compounds. Oxidation time varies,
           | in the case of potassium it is very fast, the claims in the
           | articles would stand._
           | 
           | Potassium, calcium, and magnesium are always fully oxidized
           | in foods. These elements are very reactive with water and
           | oxygen; on Earth they are not naturally found in less
           | oxidized forms.
        
         | giarc wrote:
         | It's an odd article all around. Look at the first graph. It's
         | an average mineral content of calcium, magnesium, and iron in 4
         | different vegetables, but only represented by a single line.
         | Why isn't it broken out for each category (ex. iron in tomatoes
         | over time)?
        
           | miltonlost wrote:
           | The first graph is also 5 data points connected by a line and
           | separated by decades and most likely differing methodlogies.
           | And this footnote
           | 
           | > "The chart has unverified information "The average mineral
           | content of calcium, magnesium, and iron in cabbage, lettuce,
           | tomatoes, and spinach has dropped 80-90% between 1914 and
           | 2018 30,34,35,36,371. Asterisks indicate numbers could not be
           | independently verified."
           | 
           | What is this chart and data? It's meaningless and
           | nonsensical. And so the rest of the article is suspect when
           | based on unverifiable nothing.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | I had a similar reaction to the discussion of farmer's markets.
         | Technically yes, I've been to markets where it's obvious some
         | vendors are not selling local produce but in the vast majority
         | of the markets around me it's equally obvious that they are (I
         | actually think most of them have rules that the produce has to
         | originate within a certain radius). And selling "5 different
         | types of produce" all grown locally at the same time is hardly
         | difficult to do. Different produce does in fact ripen around
         | the same time.
         | 
         | It made me wonder about the rest of it.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | You're sort of mixing ideas I believe. The nutrient density
         | (minerals etc) is declining because of the soil quality it is
         | grown in, not because it is sitting on shelf.
         | 
         | The vitamin C thing was about nutrient loss due to blanching (a
         | processing step) I believe
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | The article is mixing ideas, is the point. If soil quality
           | matters, that seems to contradict the article's claim that
           | speed is the only thing that matters.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | When it comes to nationwide grocery chains, with limited
             | transparency on their supplies, of what you can control,
             | speed might be an important factor
        
             | karldcampbell wrote:
             | The article is from the comsumer's perspective. For me,
             | someone who doing my daily / weekly shopping, time-from-
             | harvest is the only factor I can use in a purchasing
             | decision. I can't rely on branding, source, grower etc as
             | all that is a crap-shoot. Even if one grower has nutritious
             | tomatoes this year, next year they might use a different
             | field leading to worse nutrition.
        
             | BizarroLand wrote:
             | They're saying how fast the food goes from farm to table is
             | what matters.
             | 
             | Doesn't matter if you grow old variety organic seeds the
             | slow way in small batches on virgin soil if it takes 11
             | months for the food to get to your mouth.
        
       | oldpersonintx wrote:
       | worth actually reading:
       | 
       | - farmers markets are hit or miss (anyone should know this by
       | now)
       | 
       | - walmart came ahead of whole foods for produce quality (whoah)
       | 
       | alas we cannot go back to 1914 so we have to make due with what
       | is out there now or grow our own
       | 
       | keep this in context...declining-quality produce in 2024 is still
       | better for you than pizza
        
       | hansonkd wrote:
       | > That means it had been a year since the apples he bought were
       | actually picked
       | 
       | I've been saying for a while that instead of focusing on "best
       | by" dates, food suppliers should be forced to put on the harvest
       | or manufactured date.
       | 
       | "Fresh" Apples being sold after a year is nothing compared to how
       | old some of the food you by in the freezer, or boxed section.
       | 
       | Manufacturers and store owners are the ones that benefit the most
       | from keeping food on the shelves longer.
       | 
       | > If you walk into a booth and that vendor is selling over 5
       | types of produce, there's no way they all ripened at the same
       | time. They may not even all be grown by them.
       | 
       | I noticed this also when i was buying a "farmers box" that
       | promised to deliver fresh produce from a local farm. Upon closer
       | inspection almost all of the organic farmers market type produce
       | delivery services buy from other suppliers and sell as if they
       | grew them themselves.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Frozen vegetables are often blanched and flash frozen at the
         | peak of freshness. In many cases they are "fresher" than what
         | you find in the produce section
        
           | red-iron-pine wrote:
           | many of the "fresh" verities are also grown explicitly for
           | hardiness and transportability, and are often also not great
           | in terms of taste or texture.
           | 
           | freezing meanwhile can preserve them on the spot and ensure
           | the less transportable types can make it to consumers.
        
       | robwwilliams wrote:
       | Nutrients is a very broad term. This article seems to be focused
       | on just three. Is there a good reason to restrict analysis to
       | just three "minerals"?
        
         | hirako2000 wrote:
         | There is a dozen commonly known vitamins and minerals. There
         | are over a hundreds. Where should an article stop?
        
       | TheMagicHorsey wrote:
       | This article seems to lack common sense. Yes, the amount of
       | Vitamin C will reduce the longer you store a vegetable or fruit
       | in a fridge, but the amount of calcium and iron does not change.
       | Nor does the the density of other minerals.
       | 
       | Why is the author nominating Walmart as the winner based just on
       | their speed to market? What about the other factors like soil
       | degradation etc., which reflect the amount of iron and other
       | minerals?
        
         | ec109685 wrote:
         | Deep in the text they mention that a study looked at nutrient
         | contents and Walmart was the best:
         | 
         | "I learned this from talking to Brent Overcash, co-founder of a
         | startup called TeakOrigin, which specialized in testing
         | nutrient content in groceries from retail grocery stores. For
         | years, every week, his team would walk into grocery stores, buy
         | thousands of produce items the way normal consumers would, and
         | bring them back to the lab to assess nutrient content."
        
       | mythrwy wrote:
       | This is really important in my opinion.
       | 
       | I've been growing most of my own produce for several years and I
       | make sure all trace elements are present and available. It's a
       | ton of work and makes no financial sense (it's not really cheaper
       | when all is said and done) but at age 53 I feel a lot better than
       | I did at age 38.
       | 
       | I wish I could share this more widely but I think a lot of the
       | worlds problems might be from lack of trace elements. Just a
       | theory but eating produce picked the same day with proper mineral
       | balances as a regular diet is astounding.
        
         | tomxor wrote:
         | The older I get the more I appreciate how important good
         | nutrition is for basically everything in your life. I started
         | focusing on it more for climbing where I kept getting injured,
         | injury used to set limit for me, now I hardly ever get injured
         | or it's far more subtle and manageable. I feel way stronger and
         | happier, and noticed other parts of me generally feeling
         | healthier. I've been climbing for a very long time so even
         | though this is anecdotal, it's a very clear relationship to me,
         | and this is supported by some of the leading climbers in the
         | world who really get into the science of it.
         | 
         | It's hard to sell most people on this because nutrition is
         | historically such a terrible science, but the western diet over
         | the past 50 years has gradually set the bar so low, that it's
         | incredibly easy to make substantial improvements for little
         | effort by focusing on the basics of simply getting back onto
         | natural foods for the core part of your diet. The bioscience of
         | nutrition is complex, and the statistics of nutrition is
         | fraught with misinterpretation and flat out bullshit, but it's
         | bizarrely simple when you figure out the actual changes to
         | make... meat, veg, eggs, dairy, all the things that have been
         | villainized by the food industry. That people still think
         | eating egg yolks is bad for you just reflects how poor public
         | education is on this stuff, and how damaging all of the ancient
         | missinformed and massively outdated WHO recommendations have
         | been to public health.
        
         | qwerpy wrote:
         | How do you ensure the trace elements are present and available?
         | I assume there's some testing you can do for both the soil and
         | the produce, but how do you fix any deficiencies that you
         | discover?
        
       | patrickhogan1 wrote:
       | From article "Side note on frozen produce: The post above is
       | about fresh produce only. A potentially appealing alternative may
       | be buying frozen produce, which on average has equal or higher
       | nutritional content than fresh. This is because frozen produce is
       | picked at peak ripeness then frozen shortly after, locking in
       | most of the nutrients at the expense of
       | appearance/texture/flavor."
        
       | lacrosse_tannin wrote:
       | Reminder to get back into hydroponics or some home scale growing
       | of at least leafy greens.
        
         | necessary wrote:
         | Any tips for a beginner to get started with some easy herbs?
        
           | silverquiet wrote:
           | There are simple all-in-one kits on Amazon that are
           | affordable. It's a very easy way to get started.
        
       | eltondegeneres wrote:
       | > If you walk into a booth and that vendor is selling over 5
       | types of produce, there's no way they all ripened at the same
       | time. They may not even all be grown by them. Once, he actually
       | saw a vendor at Boston farmers' market selling carrots from
       | Target! He could tell from the packaging because he used to work
       | for them.
       | 
       | I don't think this is true. In California and New York City,
       | vendors at farmers markets can only sell what they grew
       | themselves, unless they get an exemption for a specific product
       | and prominently label the product as grown by a third party,
       | specifying the third party (usually things like cranberries grown
       | by one vendor in the fall). Very occasionally you'll see foods
       | like apples in plastic bags with supermarket labeling, but that's
       | because the farmer packages and sells the produce directly to the
       | supermarket.
        
         | tcfunk wrote:
         | My wife ran a farmer's market for years, it can definitely be
         | true.
         | 
         | Vendors tried to sneak stuff in constantly, and unless you have
         | a market manager who really cares and is constantly vigilant,
         | vendors will resell stuff they have bought in bulk and are
         | reselling at a markup.
         | 
         | Not all vendors of course, but like anything else there's
         | always a handful of bad actors.
        
           | TaylorAlexander wrote:
           | Yeah I have seen a farm do this! They bought from other local
           | farms at least, not Target. But the claim "vendors at farmers
           | markets can only sell what they grew themselves" is only true
           | to the extent that there is enforcement and sufficient
           | oversight to find violators.
        
         | afpx wrote:
         | Is this regulated by the state? In VA, I often see farmers
         | market vendors selling produce that they purchased from the
         | distributors or wholesalers.
        
       | cyberax wrote:
       | This article smells like a fine bullshit. It's based on one
       | diagram and a meta-analysis of papers.
       | 
       | However, the diagram has these nice annotation: "Asterisks
       | indicate numbers could not be independently verified". And there
       | are asterisks on all the historic data except for 1948.
       | 
       | The only reliable reference is from "35. Firman, B. Ash and
       | Mineral Cation Content of Vegetables. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc.
       | 1948,13, 380-384."
        
       | eykanal wrote:
       | This article could use an awful lot more links to the cited
       | research. Reading this as a skeptic, I don't know whether the
       | claims are accurate or not, but the fact that (nearly) none of
       | his claims are supported by citations to authoritative sources is
       | not promising.
        
         | miltonlost wrote:
         | Literally the author states it's unverifiable data:
         | 
         | The chart has unverified information "The average mineral
         | content of calcium, magnesium, and iron in cabbage, lettuce,
         | tomatoes, and spinach has dropped 80-90% between 1914 and 2018
         | 30,34,35,36,371. Asterisks indicate numbers could not be
         | independently verified."
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | If you reduce the amount of magnesium in a plant by 80%, it
           | dies.
           | 
           | It could possibly vary in fruits, so the tomatoes get a pass.
           | But leaves need a pretty constant amount.
        
       | krunck wrote:
       | "It's a well-documented phenomenon that nutrient levels in
       | produce have been declining for decades. ... There are several
       | reasons for this, but most of them are due to modern agricultural
       | practices. These reasons include: ... higher CO2 levels in
       | atmosphere diluting nutrient content in plants, ... "
       | 
       | The author then links to an X post with a chart that shows
       | relative carbon and nitrient levels and that says that "exposure
       | to high levels of CO2 reduces the nutritional value of plants".
       | It's not clear to me from the chart that spinach raised in high
       | CO2 levels would contain less nutrients per kilogram than regular
       | spinach. The chart only show proportions of the nutrients to
       | carbon. Does the amount of carbon per kilogram of edible spinach
       | stay the same or go down as CO2 increases? It's not clear.
        
       | jdminhbg wrote:
       | > If you walk into a booth and that vendor is selling over 5
       | types of produce, there's no way they all ripened at the same
       | time.
       | 
       | This makes me think this person simply has no idea how growing
       | food works at all.
        
       | BizarroLand wrote:
       | My one addition to this is that I wonder if this is part of the
       | obesity crisis.
       | 
       | If food is less nutritious, then logically we should eat more of
       | it to get the nutrition we need.
       | 
       | Excess calorie consumption could at least partially be a
       | byproduct of our biological drive to acquire the lacking raw
       | vitamins and minerals we need from the foods that we eat.
       | 
       | This is undoubtedly exacerbated by eating processed foods, sure,
       | but I'm willing to bet this lack of a fundamentally nutritious
       | foodscape almost certainly contributes to the Pavlovian habit of
       | overeating and resultant societal obesity.
        
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