[HN Gopher] The inventor of the automatic rice cooker
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The inventor of the automatic rice cooker
        
       Author : jnord
       Score  : 214 points
       Date   : 2024-10-30 09:08 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | AStonesThrow wrote:
       | Technology Connections covered rice cookers:
       | https://youtu.be/RSTNhvDGbYI?si=PxZYi4YYs9nixATv
        
         | JoeDaDude wrote:
         | Came here to point folk to this video. The article seems to
         | gloss over a lot of how modern rice cookers actually work. It
         | involves latent heat of water, magnetism, and the Curie point,
         | as explained in your link.
        
           | ChrisClark wrote:
           | Always with the latent heat. :)
        
         | gruturo wrote:
         | Technology Connections is generally awesome, but this
         | particular video was even more fascinating than its usual.
         | 
         | Instead of a bimetallic switch like discussed earlier in this
         | same HN thread, there's a lump of metal in contact with the
         | pot, which stops being responsive to a magnet at a certain
         | temperature (past its curie point) and that's what triggers the
         | switch from "cook" to "keep warm" (and yes, of course it all
         | works due to the huge latent heat of water).
         | 
         | So they came up with an alloy whose curie point is just above
         | water's boiling point, and thanks to that, the circuit, nah,
         | the whole thing is comically simple - just a shunt, a spring, a
         | big resistor and the heating element (and ok a led or 2). The
         | weight of the pot is also acting against the spring, ensuring
         | you can't actually select "cook" if the pot isn't there. This
         | is so brilliant.
        
         | ww520 wrote:
         | That's an excellent video. Before watching it I didn't realize
         | there were so much physics involved in making the rick cookers.
        
       | ninalanyon wrote:
       | Off topic but I can't let this go by:
       | 
       | > yogurt requires a constant temperature over a specific length
       | of time.
       | 
       | No it doesn't. I make perfectly good yoghurt in an old glass
       | vacuum flask by heating a litre of milk to 80 C, allowing it to
       | cool to 50 C, adding 60 g of live yoghurt, pouring it into the
       | vacuum flask, putting the lid on and leaving it overnight.
        
         | profsummergig wrote:
         | Is it necessary to heat it to 80c, can one heat it to 50c only,
         | instead? Also, do you use a thermometer to measure the temps?
        
           | toothrot wrote:
           | 80c is a convenient temperature for activating naturally
           | occuring enzimes in food for breaking down complex sugars.
           | Similar, but food specific, holding temperatures are used for
           | beer brewing, french fries, and other foods with complex
           | sugars.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | In fermentation the initial heat is usually to harm any
           | microbes other than your preferred ones so the selected
           | microbes have time to make the environment inhospitable to
           | other microbes before they can do the same to the selected
           | microbes.
           | 
           | Vinegar and alcohol in grape juice are two factions fighting
           | for supremacy by trying to poison each other to death.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Isn't vinegar made from alcohol? So it's more like an
             | assembly line of sugar to alcohol to vinegar?
        
               | perbu wrote:
               | Both. They can make acetic acid from both sugar and
               | ethanol.
        
             | kleton wrote:
             | Acetate from glucose requires oxygen
        
           | nsenifty wrote:
           | Been making yogurt at home for years. I just heat milk to the
           | point when it's just about to boil over. Never measured the
           | actual temperature, but I'm pretty sure it's less than 100C.
           | I just cool it until it's warm to touch (about 40-45C) before
           | adding the culture (a spoonful of last day's yogurt), then
           | leave it overnight in the oven with the pilot light on.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | You should follow the guidance and use a candy thermometer to
           | kill the nasties.
           | 
           | Once you make a few batches, you can usually eyeball it,
           | different milks will act subtly different at temperature.
           | Heating also changes how milk components can consumed by the
           | cultures. I get milk from a farm that doesn't homogenize it
           | the same way as store stuff - the skin develops on the
           | surface sooner.
           | 
           | Personally, I prefer to use a yogurt maker that keeps it at a
           | consistent temperature. But you can make great yogurt in a
           | variety of lower tech scenarios.
        
             | fuzztester wrote:
             | yes, and even in a no-tech scenario, as i said here:
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42029736
             | 
             | :)
        
             | ahartmetz wrote:
             | Also noteworthy but little-known is that unprocessed milk
             | from a farm has up to 5% fat - you can't buy milk with that
             | much fat in a supermarket.
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | I just add heavy cream to the milk for yogurt, has the
               | same effect and is delicious.
        
               | Moru wrote:
               | In Finland they sell some small portion-bowls with a thin
               | solidified cream layer on top. It's not yoghurt but
               | something we Swedes call "Langfil" [1]. It has a very
               | funny consistency, it doesn't stick to the spoon as
               | normal youghurt and is very delicious!
               | 
               | [1] https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A5ngfil
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | If you happen to be in the UK - Graham's Dairy milk (sold
               | in supermarkets) is 5%. But you're right that 'whole
               | milk' is 3.5% or greater, typically 3.7% for supermarket
               | own brand. Gold top or Jersey is 5%.
        
           | dundercoder wrote:
           | I find that the yogurt is thicker when I initially heat it
           | higher. My understanding is it changes some of the proteins,
           | resulting in a higher curd yield.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | It's pasteurisation, your 50C-only yoghurt would potentially
           | not last as long; possibly even succumb to unwanted bacteria
           | before (or the wanted be outcompeted by the unwanted) turning
           | to yoghurt.
           | 
           | I don't measure it to 80C, just heat milk until it breaks
           | then switch off and let it cool. I didn't have a thermometer
           | when I first made it, but now I might measure that it had
           | cooled enough. I wouldn't say it has to be as hot as 50C, you
           | just probably don't want it hotter, so if you're making it
           | without just let it cool to tepid, feeling warm to the touch,
           | then add whatever you're using. Cheese similar, just more
           | specific cultures.
           | 
           | (And I suppose if you really get into it, the specific temps
           | and holding them thing is a lot more true for cheeses - or
           | rather for different types - than it is for yoghurt.)
        
         | fuzztester wrote:
         | right, you don't need a constant temperature to make yogurt.
         | 
         | in india, people don't even measure the temperatures as you
         | mentioned.
         | 
         | we just boil the milk (to sterilize it), let it cool some
         | amount, put in the curd (indian english term for yogurt, dahi
         | in hindi, thayir in tamil) starter (which is just curds from a
         | previous batch), mix, and leave it covered for a while,
         | typically overnight, anywhere in the house, or in a cooler or
         | warmer part, depending upon your location and ambient
         | temperature. the milk automatically sets, by the action of the
         | bacteria, and becomes curd.
         | 
         | nothing to it. even kids can make curd.
        
         | trompetenaccoun wrote:
         | There other inaccuracies. To give just one example:
         | 
         | >One of the key differences between the Japanese and Chinese
         | rice cooker is that the latter has a glass lid, which Chinese
         | cooks demanded so they could see when to add sausage.
         | 
         | The average Chinese rice cooker looks exactly like the Japanese
         | ones. Cookers with glass lids exist but are uncommon in China.
         | In fact if anything, I've most often come across those glass
         | lid ones in the West, not in East Asia. Also the sausage part
         | is so random, lol.
         | 
         | The article is badly researched. A couple of years ago I'd have
         | said I'm shocked a university professor wrote this, but frankly
         | at this point it's to be expected.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | IEEE spectrum has gone way downhill, there's literally no
           | fact checking beyond brief google searches at all for most
           | articles nowadays.
        
       | GauntletWizard wrote:
       | I loved my automatic rice cooker, but I have given it up for a
       | new love - The Pressure Cooker, in my case from Instant Pot. It
       | does as good or better of a job as my rice cooker, but about 33%
       | faster, and has several other useful functions. It's better at
       | steaming dumplings; With the trivet set they also sell that's
       | perfectly sized I can make a meal's worth of dumplings in twenty
       | minutes with zero effort. The Instant Pot recipe Pulled Pork is
       | almost as good as my local BBQ place, and it cooks in an hour.
       | 
       | On the other hand, one of my friends has a Zojirushi rice cooker,
       | and swears by it. He describes making perfectly fluffy and
       | buttery rice every time.
        
         | ngneer wrote:
         | This reads like an ad.
        
           | imp0cat wrote:
           | It's true though. Another great thing is that the IP will
           | have regular white rice done much faster (~15 minutes for
           | perfect rice).
        
           | navigate8310 wrote:
           | Zojorushi cookers are definitely the Bentley of rice cookers
        
         | stephenr wrote:
         | > He describes making perfectly fluffy and buttery rice
         | 
         | If your rice is buttery I think they're doing something wrong.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | What if you want rice with your dumplings or pulled pork...?
        
         | nox101 wrote:
         | Japan sells tons of pressure based rice cookers.
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.co.jp/s?k=%E5%9C%A7%E5%8A%9B%E7%82%8A%E9%...
        
         | kjellsbells wrote:
         | My parents had a traditional pressure cooker that was both
         | intimidating (they convinced me it could blow up any moment)
         | and useless for recipes when I asked them how to cook things.
         | "Oh, just cook it for two whistles" Two what?
         | 
         | Instant Pot was sooo much easier. Safety interlock, unambiguous
         | timer, much better.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | The #1 Zojirushi product is the hot water dispenser. Doesn't
         | matter if 120V heats slowly if you've always got it ready.
        
       | hilux wrote:
       | I enjoyed reading the story, AND for most Americans, an electric
       | pressure cooker (e.g. Instant Pot) cooks rice perfectly (12
       | minutes, 1:1 ratio of rice to water), rendering the rice cooker
       | an unnecessary "single use device."
       | 
       | Bonus: instead of rice, use chicken broth, previously made in the
       | IP, and frozen.
       | 
       | Bonus2: add some coconut milk. freeze the rest of the can in
       | ziploc baggies.
        
         | itchyjunk wrote:
         | Hmm, if I use chicken broth instead of rice, isn't the end
         | product just chicken soup instead of a rice dish? :D
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | Not if all the liquid is absorbed. I cook rice like this on
           | the stove all the time, and it's really tasty. Works well
           | with various grains, pltho probably pearl barley is a
           | favourite - cooked with good stock, it reminds me of risotto.
        
             | Frenchgeek wrote:
             | If between rice and water, you replace the rice with
             | chicken broth, I'm pretty sure you don't get to cook much
             | rice...
        
           | Agingcoder wrote:
           | If all of it is absorbed, then it's a risotto ( you just need
           | onions and white wine as well...)
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | All absorbed? That's a pilaf, or a terrible risotto.
        
         | internet101010 wrote:
         | Yeah I use Instant Pot, sometimes replacing water with broth or
         | if I am feeling fancy I'll add some saffron. Good to go.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | I like to prepare my rice as if were pasta (i.e., tons of
         | water, which gets drained and discarded at the end) to reduce
         | the arsenic by half.
        
         | ngneer wrote:
         | Being a single use device has its benefits. Rice cookers are
         | lighter weight than an instant pot and have a single button,
         | making them extremely easy to operate. I find this is very
         | helpful to me when cooking.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | You can get some very fancy rice cookers in Asia, with lots
           | of buttons. Some of them really do produce a better end
           | result.
        
             | VeejayRampay wrote:
             | they really do, perfect rice everytime if you wash when
             | necessary and use the proper rice to water ratios
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | Tastes and has the texture of Chinese restaurant rice. I
               | use mine 3+ days a week. Worth it if you eat that much.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | It's funny, because here in Singapore the gold standard
               | for rice would be Japanese and Korean restaurants. The
               | various Chinese cuisines aren't really all that renowned
               | for their rice. (Just like eg the English technically
               | have bread in their cuisine, but it's nothing to write
               | home about.)
        
             | rectang wrote:
             | I use a Zojirushi NS-LAC05. (I believe the current version
             | of this model is the NS-LHC05.)
             | 
             | https://www.zojirushi.com/app/category/rice-cookers
             | 
             | It makes great rice consistently and easily.
             | 
             | The only quirk is that their "cup" measure is 1 gou (Yi He
             | Dou ), which is just over 3/4 of a US cup. It's just a
             | cultural thing, but the adaptation I had to make was real
             | -- I got this rice cooker as a hand-me-down from an Asian
             | friend, and it didn't include the OEM 1-gou cup. It took a
             | bit before I figured out how to get the proportions right.
             | 
             | The results are better than what my parents used to get
             | with their old Black and Decker RC400. It's possible that
             | there was user error involved with the RC400, which I
             | recall burning on the bottom. I've never burnt any rice
             | with the Zojirushi, and I'm not even sure how I could go
             | about it if I wanted to. Certainly the Zojirushi produces
             | better rice than I used to make cooking it on the stovetop
             | in an ordinary pot.
             | 
             | I'd like to know just how the Zojirushi gets such great
             | results. My guess is that it's some combination of good
             | temperature measurement and even heat application to ensure
             | that their well-researched cooking formulas get accurately
             | applied.
        
               | kjellsbells wrote:
               | The way I think about the Zoji cup is that one cup of dry
               | rice makes one (US) cup when cooked. In other words,
               | cooked rice is 33% more by volume than dry rice.
        
               | rectang wrote:
               | My mother's measure, from an old college cookbook: "One
               | cup of rice make three cups of RICE". (With eyes
               | springing wide open and fingers splaying outwards at
               | "RICE", followed by a hearty giggle).
               | 
               | Our measures are way off from each other. Yours sounds
               | like the "rice made for sumo wrestlers" I remember from
               | an old story, where rice was made with progressively less
               | water over time to toughen up the trainees.
        
               | hilux wrote:
               | Thanks for reminding me - I also used to own a Zojirushi,
               | and all the conversions were a lot more headache than
               | I've had with my Instant Pot. I had to write down all the
               | calculations on a 3x5 card, and then try not to lose
               | that, or get it wet in the kitchen!
        
               | rectang wrote:
               | I just take a 1-US-cup measuring cup and fill it 3/4 full
               | for each "cup" that the Zojirushi wants. Like a "heaping
               | cup" in reverse.
        
             | dadadad100 wrote:
             | I was surprised at the rice cooker section at Yodobashi
             | Camera in Tokyo Akaba that they were serving samples of
             | cooked rice from each of the many, many models they sell.
             | My American senses failed to detect any difference. And
             | yes, that was only one of the multitude of surprises in
             | that wonderland of a store.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Also only needing to make single "cup"(rice measuring) is
           | better for my use case. It takes longer, but I feel it is
           | simpler process.
        
             | hilux wrote:
             | I cook one cup of rice in my Instant Pot all the time.
        
           | hilux wrote:
           | I only press one button ("Pressure") when cooking rice in my
           | Instant Pot.
           | 
           | It remembers the last several settings I've used - one of
           | those is 12:00 for rice.
           | 
           | If you don't have a pressure cooker, that's fine. But for
           | those who DO already own a pressure cooker, I'm not sure how
           | the lighter weight of the rice cooker is relevant. A single-
           | use device takes up more room in the kitchen, and the
           | accumulation of these devices just adds to our environmental
           | disaster.
        
             | com2kid wrote:
             | If I making rice in the instant pot I can't use the instant
             | pot to make actual food.
             | 
             | Also that 12 minutes is not inclusive of the 10 minutes it
             | takes to get up to pressure, and the instant pot cannot
             | keep rice warm throughout the day.
        
               | hilux wrote:
               | So much arguing. Don't worry - I'm not going to
               | confiscate or outlaw your rice cooker!
               | 
               | > If I making rice in the instant pot I can't use the
               | instant pot to make actual food.
               | 
               | I'll just correct this one misinformation. You absolutely
               | can cook multiple dishes at once - I've done it, google:
               | 'pot in pot' - assuming they can tolerate roughly similar
               | cooking times.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | > I'll just correct this one misinformation. You
               | absolutely can cook multiple dishes at once - I've done
               | it, google: 'pot in pot' - assuming they can tolerate
               | roughly similar cooking times.
               | 
               | I have the OG Instant Pot, it is too small for multiple
               | dishes. Especially if I am making a bone broth soup +
               | rice!
               | 
               | Honestly I am trying to think of a dish I've ever made in
               | my instant pot that hasn't occupied a majority of the
               | interior volume...
        
             | ngneer wrote:
             | I do have both and still prefer the rice cooker for rice
             | cooking. The lighter weight helps me move it around the
             | kitchen as needed. I also like that it is easier to put in
             | the dishwasher and that I never have to futz with the
             | rubber seal or the hard to clean yet easy to lose pin and
             | other small parts in the instant pot. It is always a chore
             | for me to clean. The steps needed remind me of (not
             | unhappy) times in the army having to assemble and
             | disassemble an assault rifle.
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | Our Zojirushi (NP-RC05, it's over 10 years old now) is
           | actually advertised as pressure cooking the rice to make it
           | taste better, so I guess the two devices are merging. And it
           | has 8 buttons (you can select the rice type)
        
         | manbash wrote:
         | I sometimes indulge in doing the KFC chicken rice cooker hack
         | recipe. Look it up if you haven't yet.
        
         | Dwedit wrote:
         | I get bad results when cooking Calrose rice in an Instant pot,
         | and much better results when using a rice cooker.
         | 
         | (Rice Cooker calrose recipe: Weigh the rice. 1.1 times the mass
         | of the rice is the amount of water you need.)
        
           | mcshicks wrote:
           | I use a pot in a pot for 12 minutes and it's ok. I use those
           | stacking metal pots you can get at an Indian food market. I
           | also have an old rice cooker. The convience of the instant
           | pot is I can set a 30 minute delay to soak the rice. The
           | newer rice cooker my mother in law has in Japan does the
           | delay and has lines on the inside of the non stick pot to
           | measure the water so it makes pretty good rice every time.
        
             | hedgehog wrote:
             | Pot in a pot also minimizes cleanup, I'm a big fan but few
             | people seem to use that method.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | What if you're using the instant pot for something else (like
         | beans, or maybe the entire rest of your dish) while you're
         | cooking rice? A rice cooker is the _best_ single use device
         | because 1) you 're probably having rice with 25-100% of your
         | meals, and 2) set-it-and-forget-it; you can completely ignore
         | it until you're ready to eat.
        
           | fuzztester wrote:
           | any downsides to using a rice cooker? never used one before,
           | and I am thinking of buying one.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | It takes up counter/kitchen space, and if you leave rice in
             | it too long, it go bad and disgusting (so don't do that).
             | It makes rice, and for me, I cook chicken and vegetables in
             | it, just put it on top of the rice, for single pot meals.
             | It comes down to how often you eat rice. It makes it way
             | easier, since you set it and forget it (just don't forget
             | too long).
             | 
             | Importantly though, they've had decades to refine the
             | design, so the cheap one from Walmart does just fine, no
             | need to buy a $100 Japanese one if you're exploring if you
             | even want a rice cooker.
        
               | fuzztester wrote:
               | thanks.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | To be clear, "too long" is more than 24 hours.
               | 
               | Feel free to make rice the night before if you have
               | dinner plans the next day, it'll work out fine in a good
               | quality Japanese rice cooker!
        
           | kjellsbells wrote:
           | You can solve this placing a trivet in the pot with your rice
           | in a bowl on top. I do this when im in a hurry and need to
           | rustle up ruce and lentils on the double. Lentils, stock,
           | trivet, bowl, rice, water, done.
        
         | nanomonkey wrote:
         | I do a 1:1 ratio, but only let mine run for 3 minutes for white
         | rice, 20 minutes for brown rice.
        
         | floating-io wrote:
         | I love my InstantPot, but never use it for rice. The few times
         | I've tried, I haven't liked the results. Boiled/steamed on the
         | stove ftw. :)
         | 
         | Now soups, veggies, artichokes, enchiladas, ... For those
         | things, the instant pot is awesome. =)
        
         | billfruit wrote:
         | The simple rice cooker can cook rice till all water is
         | absorbed. Can Instant Pot do that? I think the Instant Pot
         | cooks till the timer runs out, not till when the water is all
         | absorbed into the rice.
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | If you measure the right amount of water (not optional with
           | either solution), 12 minutes should do the trick. And you can
           | just let it sit on the keep warm setting for some time and it
           | will continue to absorb whatever water is left in the pot.
           | 
           | I actually got an instant pot recently but I haven't tried
           | the rice cooking setting yet for the simple reason that I use
           | the instant pot for cooking sauces and other things that
           | would go with the rice. Also cooking rice on the stove isn't
           | actually that hard. I don't see how this saves me time or
           | effort. Just measure out the quantities carefully and you
           | should be fine.
           | 
           | Anyway, I need less carbs in my life; not more. One reason I
           | got the Instant Pot is cooking lentils and beans becomes
           | really easy with it. Also am making lots of tasty meat stews.
           | Works great for that.
        
           | imp0cat wrote:
           | Nope, it's a pressure cooker, the cooking vessel is air-
           | tight.
           | 
           | My favourite recipe is to use 1:1 rice to water ratio and the
           | adjust the time depending on the rice. For example, white
           | rice takes 5 minutes, basmati 6, brown 30(!). When it'd
           | finished, wait at least 10 minutes before opening the lid,
           | let the pressure drop naturally.
        
       | ngneer wrote:
       | This is known as bang-bang control, a very basic form of negative
       | feedback.
       | 
       | The key insight, which may not be emphasized enough in the
       | article, is that the vessel can only rise to above 100C once all
       | the water has changed phase (boiled).
       | 
       | I think this is the same principle explaining why beach popsicle
       | vendors can carry many items on a hot summer day without them all
       | melting right away. There is insulation, for sure, but in
       | addition the temperature of what is effectively a large volume
       | ice cube block must rise above 0C before the popsicles can begin
       | to change phase (melt).
       | 
       | In the rice cooker, this property is harnessed while a
       | "bimetallic switch measured the temperature in the external pot".
       | The bimetallic component means that one metal heats and expands
       | faster than the other, eventually breaking the circuit.
       | 
       | If memory serves, this same trick is used in older car model turn
       | signal lights, to produce the periodic on/off switching.
       | 
       | I am not asian but enjoy my rice cooker every day. I love simple
       | robust engineering.
        
         | l33t7332273 wrote:
         | I think the popsicle example may be backwards - they must
         | change phase before they can begin to rise above 0 degrees, and
         | the phase change is a tipping point that takes a ton of energy
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | If they used dry ice, you would have 3-ish phase changes...
           | 
           | 2-ish phase changes when dry ice sublimates, then later for
           | the ice in ice cream
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | The same bimetallic break was used in old circuit breakers. You
         | would literally have to wait for the metal to cool down before
         | the connection could be restored. Not sure if it's still used
         | or we use something fancier these days?
        
           | delsarto wrote:
           | My washing machine door works like that; BigClive has a great
           | teardown which was quite helpful to explain to me why I
           | couldn't open the door!
           | https://youtu.be/PIm7q_U3UEM?si=K6wUtHJe2Jm8tW6M
        
             | ThePowerOfFuet wrote:
             | Here's that same YouTube link, but without the tracking
             | parameter linking you to everyone who clicks on it:
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/PIm7q_U3UEM
        
           | praptak wrote:
           | Modern circuit breakers are much fancier. They break not only
           | when the current reaches a threshold but also when the
           | currents passing in both directions (i.e. also back through
           | the ground wire) are unequal. This prevents things like
           | grounding through someone's body.
        
             | schiffern wrote:
             | > Modern circuit breakers are much fancier. They break...
             | when the currents passing in both directions [is] unequal
             | 
             | What you're describing is properly called GFCI[0] -- which
             | in some countries is referred to as an RCD[1] -- not just a
             | standard circuit breaker.
             | 
             | You _can_ get devices which fit into a standard circuit
             | breaker slot which perform both functions. However a
             | conventional circuit breaker (which are still widely
             | available) doesn 't do any of that.
             | 
             | [0] Ground Fault Circuit Interruptor
             | 
             | [1] Residual Current Device
        
               | gjvc wrote:
               | _You can get devices which fit into a standard circuit
               | breaker slot which perform both functions_
               | 
               | in the UK such a device is called an "RCBO" aka "Residual
               | Current Breaker with Over-Current (protection)"
               | 
               | good summary here from schneider
               | 
               | https://eshop.se.com/in/blog/post/what-is-the-difference-
               | bet...
        
               | epcoa wrote:
               | In fact in the US, especially residential, GFCI circuit
               | breakers are not terribly common for 120V circuits,
               | people much prefer and are used to having the GFCI in the
               | outlet, which can of course protect multiple conventional
               | outlets downstream.
               | 
               | But, what is quite common in the last 30 years are AFCIs,
               | arc fault interruptors which are code for pretty much all
               | living area branch circuits (just not bathrooms). These
               | are built in to the circuit breaker. You can get dual
               | GFCI/AFCI breakers, but these tend to be expensive and
               | not commonly used. Nobody wants to have go down to the
               | basement just because of a ground fault in the kitchen.
               | Also the propensity for GFCIs to nuisance trip increases
               | with the length of the branch circuit. There's also cases
               | where they are specifically disallowed.
        
             | epcoa wrote:
             | > (i.e. also back through the ground wire) are unequal.
             | 
             | You mean neutral or return wire. No current should be
             | normally passing through the ground wire. In fact in the US
             | at least, GFCIs can be used on grandfathered ungrounded
             | outlets. When you buy GFCI outlets they come with little
             | stickers: "No Equipment Ground" to affix on the outlet in
             | that case.
        
           | cwillu wrote:
           | They're still built that way: it has the benefit of properly
           | handling slightly over current for a short period vs
           | massively over-current: the former is permitted and necessary
           | for many loads.
        
           | GuB-42 wrote:
           | Bimetallic strips are still used these days, but it is often
           | not the only trigger.
           | 
           | The bimetallic strip is for overcurrent protection over a
           | period of time. For example, if you are running an appliance
           | using a constant 15A on a 10A breaker. The breaker will pop,
           | but not instantly, and I guess you may have to wait a bit for
           | the metal to cool down, though it never happened to me.
           | 
           | But there is also a short-circuit protection, it uses a
           | solenoid to quickly trip the breaker when the current is way
           | over its rating. The fancier types (with GFCI) also pop if
           | the return current is not the same as the input current, this
           | is to prevent electrocution.
        
             | Projectiboga wrote:
             | Fun fact, breakers get more sensitive during heat waves.
             | Annoying when it happens.
        
               | GuB-42 wrote:
               | Maybe it is an unintended but actually beneficial effect.
               | 
               | The problem with drawing too much current is that things
               | can overheat, and it is more of a problem during heat
               | waves as well.
        
           | itronitron wrote:
           | I assume electric water kettles as well, which shutoff
           | shortly after the water starts boiling.
        
           | CoffeeOnWrite wrote:
           | My late model Subaru uses this cheap solution for the
           | protection of the infotainment system. If it trips I need to
           | wait for it to cool down for about an hour.
        
         | Buttons840 wrote:
         | > The bimetallic component means that one metal heats and
         | expands faster than the other, eventually breaking the circuit.
         | 
         | I thought the circuit that powers the cooking was broken
         | because, when the water has boiled away, heat rises and a
         | magnet holding the circuit closed is weakened by the heat,
         | which allows a spring to pull the magnet away and break the
         | heating circuit. (Magnets are weaker when hot.)
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | I'm getting multiple downvotes here. Am I wrong? What am I
           | missing?
        
             | yreg wrote:
             | No idea. You are correct - that's exactly how many rice
             | cookers work.
             | 
             | Technology Connections: https://youtu.be/RSTNhvDGbYI
        
               | gcanyon wrote:
               | I came to post this video! But I think it's clear that
               | this isn't the design being describe in the original
               | article: that mentions a double-boiler, which is not in
               | evidence here and TC even mentions the double-boiler
               | aspect of earlier designs at around 9:30 in the video. He
               | also says that he was only able to trace the origin of
               | this design back to the '70s.
               | 
               | So it's possible that earlier designs didn't use
               | magnetism, and the magnet-based design was a
               | simplification of earlier water-boiling-at-100c-based
               | designs.
        
             | jeffalyanak wrote:
             | > I'm getting multiple downvotes here. Am I wrong? What am
             | I missing?
             | 
             | I wouldn't have downvoted you for it, but it sounds like
             | you missed this from the article:
             | 
             | > While the rice cooked in the inset pot, a bimetallic
             | switch measured the temperature in the external pot.
             | 
             | While more modern rice cookers may use curie point magnetic
             | switches, that's not what the original rice cooker used.
        
         | dmoy wrote:
         | Thermostats also used to use the bimetal trick
        
         | antegamisou wrote:
         | There are also neuro-fuzzy control based devices [Slide #4]
         | 
         | https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/lectures/ece348/22_contro...
        
         | tdeck wrote:
         | One thing this article completely glossed over is that most
         | rice cookers you find these days don't have an outer water
         | reservoir that boils away like the one described in the article
         | (until reading this I thought of those as "Taiwanese style rice
         | cookers" because the only ones I had seen like this were from
         | Taiwan).
         | 
         | There is a difference between waiting for one cup in the outer
         | reservoir to boil completely away for 20 minutes, and waiting
         | for the rice+water mixture to come to a certain temperature.
         | 
         | Edit: I ended up down a rabbit hole about why Taiwanese rice
         | cookers more commonly use indirect heat and found this great
         | article:
         | 
         | https://www.taiwangazette.org/news/2021/10/23/thinking-outsi...
        
           | CarVac wrote:
           | Interesting, so in Taiwan at 110V a Tatung won't have the lid
           | rattle around like mine does at 115-120V in the US?
        
             | rendaw wrote:
             | Tatung even makes rice cookers with stainless steel bowls!
        
               | CarVac wrote:
               | That's what I use.
        
               | atombender wrote:
               | For those in the U.S., Aroma and Elite also make
               | stainless steel inner pots.
        
         | bmikkelsen wrote:
         | Interesting tidbit: It was Sony who actually tried to build the
         | first rice cooker, but they failed so badly that they gave up
         | and pivoted to radios [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://onefromnippon.com/rice-cookers/
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | What's with so many Asian rice cookers advertising "fuzzy
         | logic" and now "neuro fuzzy logic"? Is that just a meaningless
         | buzzword? Or is it something actually useful?
        
           | eurleif wrote:
           | See: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuzzy_control_system
        
             | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
             | I guess to me that feels basic? Is it really something
             | worth advertising?
        
               | bobmcnamara wrote:
               | It's typical for 50+ year old technology to be considered
               | basic. Especially by those who may not remember the
               | before times.
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | Both. Almost everything today uses some form of it. I think
           | the term stuck with rice cookers because they were advertised
           | that way as an advancement from the binary type cooker
           | described in the article. In that sense, it's a buzzword of
           | sorts. There's a lot of examples of that, like it still being
           | called Unleaded Gas despite it having been so by default for
           | how many decades?
           | 
           | Is it useful? Hard for me to answer - I don't like rice, but
           | most of my family does. They all swear by their Zojirushis
           | and Tigers, so I have to imagine it provides a better cook
           | than the old style.
        
             | seanmcdirmid wrote:
             | Zojirushi offers a wide range of rice cookers. We just have
             | the basic one and it works well, but they have higher end
             | ones that cost 4x the price that we bought ours, I'm not
             | sure if the rice is actually better in the higher ends
             | Zojirushis. They even have cheaper ones that use fuzzy
             | logic, it looks more like an economy thing over the
             | traditional non stick pressure based rice cookers.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Nah. They've had a long time to perfect rice cookers. The
             | $40 Walmart one works fine. If it turns out you use it a
             | lot and you really want the nicer one, _then_ spend the
             | money for it. But honestly the cheap one is fine.
        
               | Yeul wrote:
               | Rice cookers are still a bit of a novelty in Western
               | countries but in Asia they are ubiquitous. It's like
               | microwaves: expensive in the 80s now they are mass
               | produced and sold for 80 dollars.
        
               | goosedragons wrote:
               | I find the nicer ones tend to do a more consistent and
               | better job. With the cheap ones the bottom is often drier
               | than the top. Timers are great and so are modes for
               | different types of rice.
        
             | seritools wrote:
             | > There's a lot of examples of that, like it still being
             | called Unleaded Gas despite it having been so by default
             | for how many decades?
             | 
             | Depending on where you live, about 0.35 decades?
             | 
             | > On 30 August 2021 the United Nations Environment
             | Programme announced that leaded gasoline had been
             | eliminated. The final stocks of the product were used up in
             | Algeria, which had continued to produce leaded gasoline
             | until July 2021.
             | 
             | - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraethyllead#Modern_findi
             | ngs
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | That's interesting, but obviously they meant 'in places
               | where it has been banned a long time', there being
               | countries where that's not the case doesn't stop it being
               | an example of this, that terminology/marketing sticks
               | around outliving a point it might've been making.
               | 
               | The EU (incl. UK at the time) banned it 2.4 decades ago.
        
         | bobmcnamara wrote:
         | This same mechanism is how a dryer knows when the clothes are
         | dry.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | > There is insulation, for sure, but in addition the
         | temperature of what is effectively a large volume ice cube
         | block must rise above 0C before the popsicles can begin to
         | change phase (melt).
         | 
         | hopefully the "large volume ice cube" is something like a
         | saturated salt or sugar solution so that the ambient
         | temperature it tries to hold is colder than the melting point
         | of the popsicles.
        
         | billfruit wrote:
         | Do the InstantPot has this basic control circuit which even the
         | cheapest rice cooker has. I ambnot finding clear information on
         | this online.
        
           | luckystarr wrote:
           | From my experience operating it I reckon it does the
           | following: after you fill it and start, it starts heating and
           | measures the time it takes to reach 100degC. This allows it
           | (in the rice program) to figure out the amount of mass
           | present and adjust the simmering time under pressure
           | accordingly.
           | 
           | Using the same trick (in alll programs) it figures out
           | overfilling and aborts for safety reasons.
           | 
           | Edit: I think the only sensor needed is a temperature sensor.
        
             | billfruit wrote:
             | If it had a temperature sensor it could just figure out
             | when the temperature starts rising above the boiling point
             | of water.
        
           | killingtime74 wrote:
           | No it doesn't. Still prefer my instant pot though because it
           | is so much faster and can make much larger volumes of rice
        
       | fallinditch wrote:
       | Using a rice cooker is not the healthiest method due to the
       | arsenic and other carcinogenic substance that rice plants can
       | contain.
       | 
       | Dr Michael Mosley studied the science of this for his BBC program
       | Trust Me I'm A Doctor [1]. The advice is to soak rice overnight,
       | parboil and discard the water, change water and bring back to
       | boil again and change water again, etc.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2F1MDzyW55pg97Tdpp...
        
         | tomohelix wrote:
         | It is funny to me that any time an article or claims regarding
         | rice being unhealthy appear, it would be from some far West
         | country whose diet barely contains any rice. Meanwhile, Asian
         | countries whose populace exclusively eat rice every day,
         | multiple times, in humongous amounts, consistently rank higher
         | in life expectancy than a Western country with the same level
         | of development.
         | 
         | I am not saying rice is the only reason. My point is if rice is
         | so bad, we would not see Japan or Korea or Singapore dominate
         | the life expectancy charts. Compared to the extremely greasy
         | and highly processed food being sold widely in the US for
         | example, rice is extremely healthy.
        
           | hedgehog wrote:
           | Arsenic content is also highly variable depending on where
           | the rice was grown.
        
           | schiffern wrote:
           | >claims regarding rice being unhealthy
           | 
           | The claim isn't that rice is unhealthy. The claim is that
           | rice can potentially contain high levels of arsenic, which is
           | easily avoidable by modifying the cooking method slightly.
           | 
           | As you say, measurable health effects from arsenic are
           | confounded by the alternatives being largely "greasy and
           | highly processed."
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EIM_zjCmQ5Y
        
             | tomohelix wrote:
             | Well having to soak the rice overnight and reboil it
             | multiple times doesn't seem like an easy method to me.
             | 
             | Also saying rice is filled with arsenic and warn against
             | eating it multiple times a day is not that different from
             | saying it is unhealthy. It almost sounds like fear
             | mongering to me considering how the Asians seem to be doing
             | fine so far and it is the cultures that don't eat enough
             | rice or carbs that struggle with being healthy.
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | >Well having to soak the rice overnight and reboil it
               | multiple times doesn't seem like an easy method to me.
               | 
               | Yeah, I'm not sure that's really necessary. Other sources
               | say that simply boiling in lots of water (like pasta) and
               | discarding the excess water is enough.
               | >It almost sounds like fear mongering to me
               | 
               | I don't mind, because that's an unrealistic and over-
               | broad standard for speech.
               | 
               | I don't care what it "almost (!!) sounds like,"
               | especially after I took care to disabuse the reader of
               | that exact misunderstanding. I care what it _is_.
               | 
               | Truth > Optics / PR
               | 
               | You can't stop telling the truth just because some people
               | might possibly misinterpret your words (which, spoiler
               | alert, people can _always_ do that), or else you
               | literally can 't ever say anything.
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | My ancestors ate a diet heavy in meat, butter and cheese
           | starting about 7,000 years ago. They weren't the first to
           | keep sheep and cattle for food, but they were the first
           | _farmers_ to do so. They 're usually called the Germanic
           | peoples, which by the way make up about half the ancestry of
           | modern-day Italians, Spaniards and Scots -- and a larger
           | fraction of the ancestry of the other Western European
           | countries modulo Ireland.
           | 
           | So, I don't think the experience of people whose ancestors
           | have been heavily reliant on rice for the last 4 or 5,000
           | years and until recently didn't have much access to meat is
           | particularly informative for what I should eat.
        
           | VoodooJuJu wrote:
           | Could be simultaneously unhealthy for Westerners and fine for
           | East Asians.
           | 
           | Per the Lindy effect, we should all be eating foods that
           | we're adapted to eating. You are likely adapted to a food if
           | you and your ancestors have been eating it for thousands of
           | years. The longer the better.
           | 
           | East Asians seem adapted to rice and its arsenic content.
           | Northern Europeans, maybe not so much. The former has had
           | thousands of years to adapt and select for rice-eating. The
           | latter, again, not nearly as long. Another example: dairy.
           | East Asians can't digest it, Northern Europeans can.
        
         | fallinditch wrote:
         | I don't normally bother to soak rice overnight. I believe you
         | can get rid of most arsenic etc by changing the water once or
         | twice during the boil. A final rinse in hot water before
         | serving is good.
         | 
         | I mostly eat long brain brown rice which contains more
         | contaminants in the bran and so this purification method is
         | important to reduce one's intake of bad s*t.
         | 
         | Eating organic rice is good but doesn't mean it's
         | uncontaminated.
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | Could you buy organic rice instead?
        
           | tail_exchange wrote:
           | Organic rice still has arsenic. The arsenic is not coming
           | from pesticides, but from the soil and water, which naturally
           | carry some arsenic.
        
       | SoftTalker wrote:
       | I just use 2:1 water to rice ratio, boil, reduce to low
       | heat/simmer covered for 15 minutes, generally perfect.
        
       | narag wrote:
       | I've had no luck with that devices, moreover the instructions
       | advised against broth, just water. But found out that with the
       | right proportion of liquid and rice, a regular pot, six minutes
       | on the vitro and ten minutes after switching out the power, gives
       | perfect _paella_. So simple that I wonder how people spends money
       | on widgets or are watching the whole process to add water.
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | I learned how to cook rice properly in India, just pot, water,
         | some salt in right quantities and timing. Did that for decade
         | at least.
         | 
         | I still use rice cooker though these days, even more trivial to
         | operate, can't mess up things if I miss the final part, and it
         | will keep it warm for hours. Extremely practical. Its also baby
         | trivial, at least the device we have (which is not pure rice
         | cooker rather some multi stuff with rice as one of many
         | options, but we basically just do rice and yogurt).
         | 
         | Also, paella may be a fine food (if eaten in Spain or
         | affiliated countries), but that type of rice has nothing to do
         | with usual type of rice used as side dish. I actually don't
         | know how to cook that type of rice well.
        
           | floating-io wrote:
           | I learned how to cook rice properly from my Mom. Pot, 2x
           | water, boil then turn to low, add rice, 18 minutes, done. My
           | only gripe is that I'm still trying to find a good rice pot
           | with the little steam vent in the lid.
           | 
           | The rice cookers I've seen take twice as long to make rice
           | that is by no means twice as good.
           | 
           | To each, their own. My Mom loves the rice cooker I gave back
           | to her because it took too long to cook rice. =)
        
           | narag wrote:
           | The same method works for any type of "dry" rice cooking.
           | With "dry" I mean that all the liquid ends in the rice, no
           | soup. The main advantage over cookers is that you can use
           | chicken or seafood broth and add any other ingredient before
           | the rice. You can still use it for white rice, just rice and
           | salt.
           | 
           | My favourite recipe is to saute chopped onions and peppers, a
           | little garlic and black pepper, add shrimp, cuttlefish and
           | clams, and then top up the water to the required amount and
           | add the rice when it boils. Six minutes with the vitro on
           | and, in ten more, it is delicious.
           | 
           | Change the seafood for mushrooms, chicken or whatever you
           | like.
        
       | 0898 wrote:
       | This is an interesting mechanism, but is it really that difficult
       | to boil rice for 20 minutes? I'm not exactly Gordon Ramsay, but I
       | don't think I've ever failed to make decent rice.
        
         | miltonlost wrote:
         | It's very difficult when you only have a wood or charcoal stove
         | that needs to be fanned for 20 minutes at a constant rate or
         | else the rice will burn. Which is why the electric rice cooker
         | was such an amazing creation. It's in the article about the
         | inventor of it.
         | 
         | As for today? Well, too hot on the stove or a phone call comes
         | in, and poof, there goes all the water and the rice burns. If
         | you're making rice 3 times a day, it's easier and safer to cook
         | in a machine that guarantees perfection every time.
        
           | masfuerte wrote:
           | You don't simmer for twenty minutes. You simmer for ten and
           | remove it from the heat for the remaining ten. The rice never
           | burns because it is still quite wet when you remove it from
           | the heat. Start with twice as much water as rice (by volume)
           | and it comes out perfectly. I've been cooking rice like this
           | for thirty years and it's always great.
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | That's synchronous cooking. Think of a rice cooker as
             | asynchronous cooking. You turn it on, walk away, come back
             | whenever you're ready and you've got rice waiting for you.
             | It is extremely convenient.
        
         | tdeck wrote:
         | The article is very thin on details. For example, why not use a
         | mechanical timer like many other appliances did and still do?
         | That's the kind of detail an IEEE reader might appreciate.
        
           | rawgabbit wrote:
           | The 20 minutes is for ideal conditions. The article explained
           | the goal was to boil away the water and then reduce the heat.
           | The time needed may change with different ambient temperature
           | or humidity.
        
           | walthamstow wrote:
           | A timer doesn't work because it takes longer to boil three
           | cups of water compared to one. The bimetallic mechanism is
           | agnostic of the amount of rice being cooked.
        
             | tdeck wrote:
             | In the design being described there is an outer water
             | reservoir where the water is being boiled away specifically
             | as a timer. An alternative would be to have a bimetallic
             | strip detect when the rice pot comes to temperature, lower
             | the temp, and start a mechanical timer that could be set by
             | the user. The advantage would be a significant energy
             | savings vs. boiling water away as a kind of crude timer.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | It depends on how much rice you are making, how often you make
         | it, and if you'd like it to be setup overnight and started on a
         | schedule for you for certain types of rice and other grains.
         | 
         | Rice cookers can generally make a pretty large volume and
         | they're still rather efficient at doing so. If you get the
         | water and rice ratio to your liking it will make nearly perfect
         | rice every time at the press of a button. The best ones have
         | multiple markings for white and brown rice on the bowl so you
         | don't even need a measuring cup to do this.
         | 
         | It has a little countdown timer so you can get your sides ready
         | on time. It plays a little song when it's done. It covers and
         | seals up well and can keep rice warm and good to eat for a few
         | hours.
         | 
         | There are only two parts that you have to wash, the bowl itself
         | and the detachable lid seal, and one you have to wipe down, the
         | steam vent cap.
         | 
         | I generally don't like special purpose tools in my kitchen. The
         | rice cooker has been a part of it for 20 years anyways. It's
         | simply too useful without any additional hassle that it has
         | easily earned it's place.
        
         | walthamstow wrote:
         | Think of it as asynchronous cooking. You turn it on, walk away,
         | come back whenever you're ready and you've got rice waiting for
         | you.
        
         | kalleboo wrote:
         | In many Asian households, rice is a part of breakfast, lunch
         | and dinner. Boiling rice and washing the pot for every meal is
         | a lot of work. Instead with a rice cooker, you set it the
         | evening before with a timer. Rice is automatically ready in the
         | morning for breakfast, you take out the breakfast portion and
         | close the cooker again. It now goes into warm mode and keeps
         | the remaining rice fresh and warm for the remaining meals of
         | the day where you can just take out a portion here or there.
         | 
         | If you're eating a more western diet with rice only a handful
         | of times a week, it's probably overkill as a single-tasker.
        
         | CiaranMcNulty wrote:
         | The best analogy is a toaster
         | 
         | Is it really that hard to grill bread? Nope, but you have to
         | pay attention somewhat to stop it burning.
         | 
         | Once you hit a certain volume of usage, an automatic device
         | makes a lot of sense.
        
           | croes wrote:
           | Toast needs more attention than rice
        
         | fkyoureadthedoc wrote:
         | Considering the proliferation and popularity of the rice
         | cooker, the answer is a resounding and obvious "yes"
        
       | tionate wrote:
       | A few people mentioning pressure cookers as an alternative. A
       | heavy claypot is the ideal manual alternative for those with a
       | gas stove.
       | 
       | Probably the most popular is "kamadosan". It makes beautiful rice
       | and you have control over it so eg it is easy to create a crust
       | on the bottom if you like.
       | 
       | Unfortunately I have an induction stove now so a bit hard to use,
       | but I occasionally cook rice on a small charcoal stove when
       | enjoying the slow life.
       | 
       | Review: https://thejapanesefoodlab.com/kamado-san/ Recipes:
       | https://toirokitchen.com/blogs/recipes
        
       | nogajun wrote:
       | Fumiko Minami(San Bing Feng Mei Zi )'s knowledge and contribution
       | to the development of the rice cooker is greatly appreciated, but
       | she is rarely mentioned in Japan. I think it deserves more
       | attention.
        
       | markhahn wrote:
       | Imagine a rice cooker (perhaps with pressure) that gives you data
       | and control.
       | 
       | Modulate the applied power (pwm), read a few thermocouples,
       | pressure sensor, release solenoid. Make it all programmable, let
       | people program it.
       | 
       | I speculate that the usual strategy would be full power to get
       | things warm while extracting an estimate of the specific heat of
       | the contents. oh, maybe add a scale, so you can estimate the
       | water content. I guess that once you get things hot, the specific
       | heat of a rice-water mixture changes, so you want to ramp down
       | the power. Validate that by looking for an increase in pressure.
       | Heck, maybe different kinds of rice (or different rice dishes)
       | would benefit from different heat-pressure schedules.
       | 
       | Think of it as a Decent (espresso) machine, but for rice. And
       | open-source, please.
        
       | TaJonkla wrote:
       | I too love my rice cooker, but peeps should defo be soaking rice
       | overnight before using or something:
       | 
       | BBC News - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-38910848 Should I
       | worry about arsenic in my rice? - BBC News
        
       | TaJonkla wrote:
       | I love my rice cooker but people should defo be soaking there
       | rice overnight or something.. (before use)
       | 
       | BBC News - https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-38910848 Should I
       | worry about arsenic in my rice? - BBC News
        
       | utdiscant wrote:
       | I found the ratio of rice and water to be the main issue - and
       | the rice cooker didn't fix that. I stumbled upon a recipe with a
       | different approach that I use now.
       | 
       | Take plenty of water and get it to a boil. Add any amount of rice
       | to the boiling water, and let it boil for 8 minutes. Then drain
       | the water, remove the pot from the stove and put the lid on for a
       | few minutes. Reduces the need for measuring quantities.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | I always use a ratio of water to rice (by weight) of 4 to 1
         | (e.g. 500 g of water for 125 g of rice).
         | 
         | I cook the rice in a microwave oven in a covered glass vessel
         | (preventing the escape of water) and it is very good with this
         | ratio.
         | 
         | For most other cereals that are either coarsely ground or whole
         | grains, e.g. cornflour, semolina or wheat grains, the same 4 to
         | 1 by weight ratio works fine when boiled in a closed vessel.
         | 
         | Most other kinds of starchy seeds absorb less water when
         | boiled, so the ratio must be lower.
         | 
         | I assume that a dedicated rice cooker is useful only for those
         | with numerous family members, who might want to cook large
         | quantities of rice at the same time.
         | 
         | For smaller quantities, e.g. suitable for a couple of people, a
         | microwave oven is very fast and reproducible, so there is no
         | need for dedicated equipment.
        
           | will5421 wrote:
           | What wattage is your microwave on?
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | It is controllable, but for rice and other cereals I use
             | the maximum of 1000 W. Small powers are needed for things
             | like meat or eggs, but very seldom for vegetables.
             | 
             | The time depends on the quantity. For around 125 g of rice
             | + 500 g of water, the time is between 12 and 15 minutes.
             | 
             | An advantage of using a microwave oven is that no stirring
             | is needed during cooking, unlike when boiling rice or other
             | cereals on a traditional stove.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | > Small powers are needed for things like meat or eggs,
               | but very seldom for vegetables.
               | 
               | I understand why you would use low power for eggs, but
               | meat? I always applied power in proportion to the
               | product's water content, as it has high specific heat and
               | absorbs microwaves readily. Meat is largely water so high
               | power it is.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | This may depend on the kind of meat. I cook mostly
               | turkey, chicken or fish.
               | 
               | At high powers over 500 W my meat would explode.
               | 
               | Moreover, when cooking meat at a lower power for a longer
               | time (e.g. up to between 20 and 30 minutes), the cooked
               | meat is much more tender than when cooked faster.
               | 
               | If I boiled the meat, then maximum power could be used.
               | However I do not boil it, but I roast it in the microwave
               | oven in a covered glass vessel, with nothing added,
               | except salt and condiments. Thus it is much more tasty
               | than boiled.
        
         | jillesvangurp wrote:
         | Works great indeed. Another useful trick is to use a microwave.
         | Simply put rice and the water in an open container in the
         | microwave. Let it go at full blast for 14-15 minutes. Keep
         | going until the water is gone. Let it sit for a few minutes and
         | done. You get perfectly fluffy rice every time. Works great for
         | small portions and it won't boil over.
         | 
         | I learned about this trick only a few years ago and when I
         | tried it, I basically got a perfect result. Which was not what
         | I was expecting.
        
           | brbrodude wrote:
           | How about the seasoning? Years ago I used to do this
           | microwave rice but I threw in some powdered flavoring and it
           | would boil & stick everywhere :/
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | The seasoning is better added and mixed immediately after
             | taking the rice out from the oven, when it is hot and soft.
             | 
             | If you want to add some kind of oil, that is also better
             | added immediately after taking the rice out of the oven.
             | 
             | If you add salt or sugar, then that should be added before
             | cooking in the oven.
        
         | pandemic_region wrote:
         | How do you prevent the rice from sticking to the bottom of the
         | pot? Do you stirr it a few times?
        
         | fkyoureadthedoc wrote:
         | I just use the included rice cup and fill to the correct line
         | in the rice cooker pot...
        
       | FrojoS wrote:
       | > But how would an automatic rice cooker know when the 20 minutes
       | was up?
       | 
       | How about a clock?
       | 
       | Now, I understand that in 1955 the required components might have
       | been deemed too expensive, or actually the problem is more
       | complex than that. This article is so poorly written. Like almost
       | everything I've read in the last 20 years from IEEE Spectrum.
        
         | jeffalyanak wrote:
         | > How about a clock?
         | 
         | How would the rice cooker know when to start the clock? It
         | needs to be started only after the water reaches a boil.
        
           | FrojoS wrote:
           | Well, I would have thought that once a temperature sensor
           | reads 100 deg Celsius the clock would start. I'm sure there
           | are good reasons why this wouldn't work well or is overly
           | complex, but I would expect the article to discuss them.
           | 
           | From the article: > Fumiko found that heating the water and
           | rice to a boil and then cooking for exactly 20 minutes
           | produced consistently good results.
           | 
           | That knowledge about the ideal timespan of 20 min seems to be
           | completely irrelevant to the implemented solution.
        
             | fkyoureadthedoc wrote:
             | > That knowledge about the ideal timespan of 20 min seems
             | to be completely irrelevant to the implemented solution.
             | 
             | Partially. They also mentioned that it was generally
             | believed that you needed to vary the temperature during
             | cooking to get fluffy rice. Fumiko's discovery is just as
             | much about the fact that you can use a straight boil the
             | whole time as it is about the duration.
        
         | rty32 wrote:
         | I had the same question, and this article definitely could have
         | discussed other potential engineering approaches and why they
         | didn't work to provide the full context. To be honest, I
         | learned very little from the article -- I already know how rice
         | cookers work, so I want to learn much more when I decided to
         | read the article
        
       | austin-cheney wrote:
       | > It isn't often that housewives get credit in the annals of
       | invention
       | 
       | * https://www.fastcompany.com/3047428/how-two-bored-1970s-hous...
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Rudkin
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harriet_Tubman
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberta_Williams
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna_Sutherland_Bissell
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Blackwell
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_13 - Not housewives, but
       | absolutely worthy of more praise and attention, especially Jerrie
       | Cobb.
       | 
       | And many more
        
         | freddie_mercury wrote:
         | 8 names doesn't disprove "it isn't often".
         | 
         | "It isn't often" doesn't mean "it has never happened".
         | 
         | If anything, only listing 8 only proves their point. To
         | disprove their point you'd need to list hundreds of housewives.
         | Possibly thousands given the number of patents out there.
        
           | austin-cheney wrote:
           | Define often...
           | 
           | This feels like an argument only for the sake of hearing
           | one's self out loud, a poor man's denying the antecedent
           | fallacy.
        
           | AStonesThrow wrote:
           | Entire books have been filled with home remedies, sewing
           | ideas, and cooking methods. You could, perhaps, cite the
           | editors of those books, but the "individual housewives" who
           | contributed them would not have traceable identities.
           | 
           | The ideas and methods were shared among communities, church
           | groups, in schools, and handed down in families. Often by
           | oral tradition and by illiterate people.
           | 
           | In modern times, you could check the archives of Heloise, and
           | magazines such as _Good Housekeeping_ and _Sunset_.
           | Columnists would usually receive hints and tips from readers,
           | and give credit at that point.
        
       | throwaway4220 wrote:
       | I have a Philips fully automatic coffee machine that goes feom
       | beans and water to espresso. Is there such a thing for rice? (Yes
       | im that lazy/disorganized)
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-11-03 23:01 UTC)