[HN Gopher] Math and puzzle fans find magic in Martin Gardner's ...
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       Math and puzzle fans find magic in Martin Gardner's legacy
        
       Author : ColinWright
       Score  : 118 points
       Date   : 2024-10-30 09:51 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scientificamerican.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scientificamerican.com)
        
       | ykonstant wrote:
       | Another fantastic resource is Boris Kordemsky's book The Moscow
       | Puzzles:
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Moscow-Puzzles-Mathematical-Recreatio...
        
         | I_complete_me wrote:
         | I think it was this book where I first saw the puzzle:
         | Does New Year's Day fall more often on a Saturday or a Sunday?
         | 
         | Such a simple puzzle with to (then) me such depth of knowledge
         | to uncover the answer.
        
           | bumbledraven wrote:
           | I don't see it there:
           | https://archive.org/details/boris-a.-kordemsky-the-moscow-
           | pu...
           | 
           | Do you recall the solution? It seems like a tricky problem.
           | No approach occurs to me aside from a brute force analysis of
           | the 400 year Gregorian calendar cycle, accounting for the
           | complete leap year rules (under which, e.g., 1900 was not a
           | leap year but 2000 was).
        
             | bumbledraven wrote:
             | It turns out that New Year's Day is a bit more likely to
             | fall on Sunday than Saturday. To confirm, here's a bit of
             | simple JavaScript that checks a complete 400-year cycle.
             | You can run it in your browser's console:
             | const counts = Array(7).fill(0);       for (let year =
             | 2000; year < 2400; year++) {         counts[new Date(year,
             | 0, 1).getDay()]++;       }       console.log(`Number of
             | Saturdays: ${counts[6]}; Number of Sundays: ${counts[0]}`);
             | 
             | Output:                 Number of Saturdays: 56; Number of
             | Sundays: 58
             | 
             | Note: getDay() returns 0 for Sunday and 6 for Saturday
             | (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-
             | US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Refe...).
        
           | tromp wrote:
           | Unless you're considering a limited date range, it should
           | fall equally often on both in the limit since neither 365 nor
           | 366 (leap year) are multiples of 7.
        
             | madcaptenor wrote:
             | So you'd think that, and it is approximately true. But the
             | calendar repeats every 400 years (there are 97 leap years
             | in 400, and 497 is a multiple of 7). And 400 isn't a
             | multiple of 7, so you can't have it work out exactly.
        
               | tromp wrote:
               | But if the pair of (date, weekday) repeats every 400*7
               | years, then it still works out exactly?!
        
               | bumbledraven wrote:
               | In the Gregorian calendar, January 1 falls on a Saturday
               | in any year that is a multiple of 400. (This follows from
               | any correct day-of-the-week algorithm, such as
               | https://firstsundaydoomsday.blogspot.com/2009/12/quick-
               | start....) Since each 400-year cycle begins on the same
               | day, rather than balancing out, any imbalances would
               | actually _accumulate_.
               | 
               | To check, see this 5-line brute-force calculation in
               | JavaScript: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42024474
        
         | jeifneioka wrote:
         | Don't forget Raymond Smullyan.
        
           | lanstin wrote:
           | The Lady and the Tiger.
        
           | zem wrote:
           | and ian stewart!
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | Recreational math and games boosted both computing and science.
       | 
       | Unix was born to play games. And Curses was born for Rogue.
        
         | chx wrote:
         | > Unix was born to play games
         | 
         | Please correct me if I am wrong but I thought this was only the
         | reason for the predecessor of it on the PDP-7: Thompson wanted
         | Space Travel to run on the PDP-7 and the necessary boilerplate
         | became a rudimentary OS. But porting this to the PDP-11 was not
         | motivated by Space Travel -- or was it?
        
       | beardyw wrote:
       | All of his Scientific American articles were available as a CD I
       | have. Not sure if they are online yet.
       | 
       | As a youngster they were a source of wonder to me.
        
         | glimshe wrote:
         | What is this CD? I like old compilations.
         | 
         | Edit: found it, it's called "Martin Gardner s Mathematical
         | Games: The Entire Collection of His Scientific American
         | Columns"
        
         | Jtsummers wrote:
         | https://bookstore.ams.org/view?ProductCode=GARDNER-SET
         | 
         | Cambridge University Press also started on a project to revise
         | and re-release all of it but that stalled out, they published
         | four books.
         | 
         | https://www.cambridge.org/us/universitypress/subjects/mathem...
        
       | smath wrote:
       | Gardeners books and sci-am columns are an amazing resource to get
       | kids and teens interested in math.
       | 
       | In the present time, I find Simon Singh's parallel.co.uk has been
       | doing interesting work holding weekly math circles for kids -
       | deftly engaging kids with mathematical ideas. I attend a circle
       | with my 9 yo every Sunday.
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | > Simon Singh's parallel.co.uk
         | 
         | Perhaps you mean https://parallel.org.uk/ ?
         | 
         | I'm curious what the age range is? My son is 8.
        
           | smath wrote:
           | Yes that's the one. I'd suggest sit through on of their
           | parallel circles with your son- it's a free 45 min casual
           | live only session, on Sundays. And the schedule is by age
           | group - listed on their website
        
       | pvg wrote:
       | https://archive.is/hyF0u
        
       | vundercind wrote:
       | His annotated _Alice in Wonderland_ is really nice, too.
        
         | wpollock wrote:
         | I agree, although he missed one of the puns. In that day, even
         | young children were taught latin. The speech with "O Mouse"
         | comes from the lesson on conjugation which often used "am"
         | (love): amo, amus, amat, amamus, amatis, amant. Having taken
         | latin I recognized the joke. I always wished I could've written
         | him about it.
        
           | quesera wrote:
           | The neglected Latin pedant in me can't not comment:
           | 
           | 2nd person singular should be "amas". :)
        
           | quuxplusone wrote:
           | Cunningham's Law strikes again: sorry, but I doubt "O mouse"
           | is a soundalike pun on "Amo, amas". Instead, the English (A
           | mouse, of a mouse, to a mouse, a mouse, O mouse!) is simply
           | the first five declensions in the traditional order:
           | nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative. (Mus,
           | muris, muri, murem, mus.) As seen for example in this Latin
           | schoolbook from 1891:
           | 
           | [1]
           | https://archive.org/details/bellumhelvetiumf00lowe/page/203/
        
       | zahlman wrote:
       | For clarity: the article is written today, but Martin Gardner
       | died in 2010.
        
       | masfuerte wrote:
       | > The question is, can you think of a single shape that looks
       | like a triangle from one side, a circle from a second side and a
       | square from the third side?
       | 
       | He goes on to say that it resembles a household item. I can
       | visualise the shape, but I can't think of anything that it looks
       | like. Does anyone know what item it is?
       | 
       | There's a picture here:
       | 
       | https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1947363/is-there-a-...
        
         | schoen wrote:
         | It looks like lipstick to me. Or possibly the end of a
         | screwdriver or chisel.
        
         | parlortricks wrote:
         | Looks like an interchangable end to a cake frosting spatula.
        
         | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
         | Was thinking an axehead
        
         | retzkek wrote:
         | Toothpaste tube!
         | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/El...
        
         | herdyderdy wrote:
         | Looks like a duckbill valve. My wife's breast pump uses them.
        
         | thomaspark wrote:
         | How bout the rubber tip of a mucilage glue bottle:
         | 
         | https://deepfriedhoodsiecups.wordpress.com/2011/07/04/dfhc-7...
        
         | zem wrote:
         | screwdriver head. perelman's "mathematics can be fun" has that
         | and another couple of fun examples
         | https://archive.org/details/MathematicsCanBeFun-Eng-YakovPer...
         | 
         | i got a copy of that book and gardner's "mathematical magic
         | show" when i was 12 or so, and they both continue to entertain
         | and delight me.
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | This one was my favorite:
       | 
       | "A carpenter, working with a buzz saw, wishes to cut a wooden
       | cube, three inches on a side, into 27 one-inch cubes. He can do
       | this job easily by making six cuts through the cube, keeping the
       | pieces together in the cube shape. Can he reduce the number of
       | necessary cuts by rearranging the pieces after each cut? Either
       | show how or prove that it's impossible."
       | 
       | - Martin Gardener
        
         | madcaptenor wrote:
         | Lbh arrq fvk phgf orpnhfr lbh arrq gb rkcbfr rirel snpr bs gur
         | prageny phor.
        
           | gus_massa wrote:
           | Someone downvoted this, but it's a rot13 version of the
           | correct answer. (A very nice a answer, by the way.)
        
             | quesera wrote:
             | In case rot13 doesn't come naturally:                 alias
             | rot13="tr 'A-Za-z' 'N-ZA-Mn-za-m'"       echo "Lbh arrq fvk
             | phgf orpnhfr lbh arrq gb rkcbfr rirel snpr bs gur prageny
             | phor." | rot13
             | 
             | I wish I had Mr Gardener's zero-kerf saw blades in my shop!
        
               | yen223 wrote:
               | Saying "Please decode this ..." to Claude worked
               | perfectly.
               | 
               | ChatGPT 4o mini kept getting one of the words wrong,
               | funnily enough
        
               | madcaptenor wrote:
               | I'm surprised by this - wouldn't have expected there to
               | be enough rot13 in the training data.
        
               | Jtsummers wrote:
               | rot13 was commonly used on forums and Usenet to avoid
               | spoilers for a very long time. As forums got the
               | equivalent of spoiler tags or folding or whatever to hide
               | content that changed, and of course Usenet fell out of
               | common use a while back.
        
               | madcaptenor wrote:
               | rot13.com also works, but this is better.
        
         | phrenq wrote:
         | As a woodworker, I wouldn't say those six cuts would be "easy",
         | unless you weren't especially concerned about keeping all of
         | your fingers!
        
       | acomjean wrote:
       | There is Gathering for Gardner non profit.
       | 
       | for recreational math:
       | 
       | https://www.gathering4gardner.org/
       | 
       | They have conferences and talks and post on youtube:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/c/G4GCelebration
        
       | jmount wrote:
       | Peter Winkler's Mathematical Puzzles is an amazing continuation
       | with great teaching.
        
       | musicale wrote:
       | Perhaps nearly all magazines are in decline (RIP Popular Science,
       | National Geographic etc.), but I still wish that whatever
       | happened to Scientific American hadn't happened to it.
        
         | glimshe wrote:
         | There is nothing quite like it nowadays - not in print, not
         | online. Quanta has a similar vibe, but it's Math-focused.
        
         | lanstin wrote:
         | It still exists and has articles. I see it in Mastodon links
         | enough that I have subscribed. What happened to it?
        
           | vonnik wrote:
           | By a former SciAm columnist:
           | 
           | https://michaelshermer.substack.com/p/scientific-american-
           | go...
        
             | pavel_lishin wrote:
             | I don't think he actually ever shows _how_ SciAm has gone
             | off the rails in that post, though. He just asserts that it
             | has, and then does a lot of research showing that
             | allegedly, everything is fine now, and then complains about
             | an article that was rejected because of a specific example
             | he wanted to use.
             | 
             | It would be nice if he, instead, had more numbers about
             | what types of articles Scientific American started running
             | over the past decade, showing a move towards "going woke"
             | as he puts it.
             | 
             | As it is, it just sounds like he's mad that his article was
             | rejected.
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | Science is woke (global warming is real; LBGT is natural;
               | the variance between groups is swamped by variance within
               | groups whether that be racial or gender; coal is stupid;
               | gun violence is mostly accidents and suicides; etc etc).
               | One of the impressive things SciAm did this year is
               | endorse the reality based candidate, VP Harris.
        
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