[HN Gopher] The inventor of the automatic rice cooker
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       The inventor of the automatic rice cooker
        
       Author : jnord
       Score  : 71 points
       Date   : 2024-10-30 09:08 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spectrum.ieee.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spectrum.ieee.org)
        
       | AStonesThrow wrote:
       | Technology Connections covered rice cookers:
       | https://youtu.be/RSTNhvDGbYI?si=PxZYi4YYs9nixATv
        
         | JoeDaDude wrote:
         | Came here to point folk to this video. The article seems to
         | gloss over a lot of how modern rice cookers actually work. It
         | involves latent heat of water, magnetism, and the Curie point,
         | as explained in your link.
        
           | ChrisClark wrote:
           | Always with the latent heat. :)
        
       | ninalanyon wrote:
       | Off topic but I can't let this go by:
       | 
       | > yogurt requires a constant temperature over a specific length
       | of time.
       | 
       | No it doesn't. I make perfectly good yoghurt in an old glass
       | vacuum flask by heating a litre of milk to 80 C, allowing it to
       | cool to 50 C, adding 60 g of live yoghurt, pouring it into the
       | vacuum flask, putting the lid on and leaving it overnight.
        
         | profsummergig wrote:
         | Is it necessary to heat it to 80c, can one heat it to 50c only,
         | instead? Also, do you use a thermometer to measure the temps?
        
           | toothrot wrote:
           | 80c is a convenient temperature for activating naturally
           | occuring enzimes in food for breaking down complex sugars.
           | Similar, but food specific, holding temperatures are used for
           | beer brewing, french fries, and other foods with complex
           | sugars.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | In fermentation the initial heat is usually to harm any
           | microbes other than your preferred ones so the selected
           | microbes have time to make the environment inhospitable to
           | other microbes before they can do the same to the selected
           | microbes.
           | 
           | Vinegar and alcohol in grape juice are two factions fighting
           | for supremacy by trying to poison each other to death.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Isn't vinegar made from alcohol? So it's more like an
             | assembly line of sugar to alcohol to vinegar?
        
               | perbu wrote:
               | Both. They can make acetic acid from both sugar and
               | ethanol.
        
           | nsenifty wrote:
           | Been making yogurt at home for years. I just heat milk to the
           | point when it's just about to boil over. Never measured the
           | actual temperature, but I'm pretty sure it's less than 100C.
           | I just cool it until it's warm to touch (about 40-45C) before
           | adding the culture (a spoonful of last day's yogurt), then
           | leave it overnight in the oven with the pilot light on.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | You should follow the guidance and use a candy thermometer to
           | kill the nasties.
           | 
           | Once you make a few batches, you can usually eyeball it,
           | different milks will act subtly different at temperature.
           | Heating also changes how milk components can consumed by the
           | cultures. I get milk from a farm that doesn't homogenize it
           | the same way as store stuff - the skin develops on the
           | surface sooner.
           | 
           | Personally, I prefer to use a yogurt maker that keeps it at a
           | consistent temperature. But you can make great yogurt in a
           | variety of lower tech scenarios.
        
             | fuzztester wrote:
             | yes, and even in a no-tech scenario, as i said here:
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42029736
             | 
             | :)
        
           | dundercoder wrote:
           | I find that the yogurt is thicker when I initially heat it
           | higher. My understanding is it changes some of the proteins,
           | resulting in a higher curd yield.
        
         | fuzztester wrote:
         | right, you don't need a constant temperature to make yogurt.
         | 
         | in india, people don't even measure the temperatures as you
         | mentioned.
         | 
         | we just boil the milk (to sterilize it), let it cool some
         | amount, put in the curd (indian english term for yogurt, dahi
         | in hindi, thayir in tamil) starter (which is just curds from a
         | previous batch), mix, and leave it covered for a while,
         | typically overnight, anywhere in the house, or in a cooler or
         | warmer part, depending upon your location and ambient
         | temperature. the milk automatically sets, by the action of the
         | bacteria, and becomes curd.
         | 
         | nothing to it. even kids can make curd.
        
       | GauntletWizard wrote:
       | I loved my automatic rice cooker, but I have given it up for a
       | new love - The Pressure Cooker, in my case from Instant Pot. It
       | does as good or better of a job as my rice cooker, but about 33%
       | faster, and has several other useful functions. It's better at
       | steaming dumplings; With the trivet set they also sell that's
       | perfectly sized I can make a meal's worth of dumplings in twenty
       | minutes with zero effort. The Instant Pot recipe Pulled Pork is
       | almost as good as my local BBQ place, and it cooks in an hour.
       | 
       | On the other hand, one of my friends has a Zojirushi rice cooker,
       | and swears by it. He describes making perfectly fluffy and
       | buttery rice every time.
        
         | ngneer wrote:
         | This reads like an ad.
        
           | imp0cat wrote:
           | It's true though. Another great thing is that the IP will
           | have regular white rice done much faster (~15 minutes for
           | perfect rice).
        
           | navigate8310 wrote:
           | Zojorushi cookers are definitely the Bentley of rice cookers
        
         | stephenr wrote:
         | > He describes making perfectly fluffy and buttery rice
         | 
         | If your rice is buttery I think they're doing something wrong.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | What if you want rice with your dumplings or pulled pork...?
        
         | nox101 wrote:
         | Japan sells tons of pressure based rice cookers.
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.co.jp/s?k=%E5%9C%A7%E5%8A%9B%E7%82%8A%E9%...
        
       | hilux wrote:
       | I enjoyed reading the story, AND for most Americans, an electric
       | pressure cooker (e.g. Instant Pot) cooks rice perfectly (12
       | minutes, 1:1 ratio of rice to water), rendering the rice cooker
       | an unnecessary "single use device."
       | 
       | Bonus: instead of rice, use chicken broth, previously made in the
       | IP, and frozen.
       | 
       | Bonus2: add some coconut milk. freeze the rest of the can in
       | ziploc baggies.
        
         | itchyjunk wrote:
         | Hmm, if I use chicken broth instead of rice, isn't the end
         | product just chicken soup instead of a rice dish? :D
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | Not if all the liquid is absorbed. I cook rice like this on
           | the stove all the time, and it's really tasty. Works well
           | with various grains, pltho probably pearl barley is a
           | favourite - cooked with good stock, it reminds me of risotto.
        
             | Frenchgeek wrote:
             | If between rice and water, you replace the rice with
             | chicken broth, I'm pretty sure you don't get to cook much
             | rice...
        
           | Agingcoder wrote:
           | If all of it is absorbed, then it's a risotto ( you just need
           | onions and white wine as well...)
        
             | walthamstow wrote:
             | All absorbed? That's a pilaf, or a terrible risotto.
        
         | internet101010 wrote:
         | Yeah I use Instant Pot, sometimes replacing water with broth or
         | if I am feeling fancy I'll add some saffron. Good to go.
        
         | hollerith wrote:
         | I like to prepare my rice as if were pasta (i.e., tons of
         | water, which gets drained and discarded at the end) to reduce
         | the arsenic by half.
        
         | ngneer wrote:
         | Being a single use device has its benefits. Rice cookers are
         | lighter weight than an instant pot and have a single button,
         | making them extremely easy to operate. I find this is very
         | helpful to me when cooking.
        
           | eru wrote:
           | You can get some very fancy rice cookers in Asia, with lots
           | of buttons. Some of them really do produce a better end
           | result.
        
             | VeejayRampay wrote:
             | they really do, perfect rice everytime if you wash when
             | necessary and use the proper rice to water ratios
        
         | manbash wrote:
         | I sometimes indulge in doing the KFC chicken rice cooker hack
         | recipe. Look it up if you haven't yet.
        
         | Dwedit wrote:
         | I get bad results when cooking Calrose rice in an Instant pot,
         | and much better results when using a rice cooker.
         | 
         | (Rice Cooker calrose recipe: Weigh the rice. 1.1 times the mass
         | of the rice is the amount of water you need.)
        
           | mcshicks wrote:
           | I use a pot in a pot for 12 minutes and it's ok. I use those
           | stacking metal pots you can get at an Indian food market. I
           | also have an old rice cooker. The convience of the instant
           | pot is I can set a 30 minute delay to soak the rice. The
           | newer rice cooker my mother in law has in Japan does the
           | delay and has lines on the inside of the non stick pot to
           | measure the water so it makes pretty good rice every time.
        
             | hedgehog wrote:
             | Pot in a pot also minimizes cleanup, I'm a big fan but few
             | people seem to use that method.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | What if you're using the instant pot for something else (like
         | beans, or maybe the entire rest of your dish) while you're
         | cooking rice? A rice cooker is the _best_ single use device
         | because 1) you 're probably having rice with 25-100% of your
         | meals, and 2) set-it-and-forget-it; you can completely ignore
         | it until you're ready to eat.
        
           | fuzztester wrote:
           | any downsides to using a rice cooker? never used one before,
           | and I am thinking of buying one.
        
       | ngneer wrote:
       | This is known as bang-bang control, a very basic form of negative
       | feedback.
       | 
       | The key insight, which may not be emphasized enough in the
       | article, is that the vessel can only rise to above 100C once all
       | the water has changed phase (boiled).
       | 
       | I think this is the same principle explaining why beach popsicle
       | vendors can carry many items on a hot summer day without them all
       | melting right away. There is insulation, for sure, but in
       | addition the temperature of what is effectively a large volume
       | ice cube block must rise above 0C before the popsicles can begin
       | to change phase (melt).
       | 
       | In the rice cooker, this property is harnessed while a
       | "bimetallic switch measured the temperature in the external pot".
       | The bimetallic component means that one metal heats and expands
       | faster than the other, eventually breaking the circuit.
       | 
       | If memory serves, this same trick is used in older car model turn
       | signal lights, to produce the periodic on/off switching.
       | 
       | I am not asian but enjoy my rice cooker every day. I love simple
       | robust engineering.
        
         | l33t7332273 wrote:
         | I think the popsicle example may be backwards - they must
         | change phase before they can begin to rise above 0 degrees, and
         | the phase change is a tipping point that takes a ton of energy
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | The same bimetallic break was used in old circuit breakers. You
         | would literally have to wait for the metal to cool down before
         | the connection could be restored. Not sure if it's still used
         | or we use something fancier these days?
        
           | delsarto wrote:
           | My washing machine door works like that; BigClive has a great
           | teardown which was quite helpful to explain to me why I
           | couldn't open the door!
           | https://youtu.be/PIm7q_U3UEM?si=K6wUtHJe2Jm8tW6M
        
           | praptak wrote:
           | Modern circuit breakers are much fancier. They break not only
           | when the current reaches a threshold but also when the
           | currents passing in both directions (i.e. also back through
           | the ground wire) are unequal. This prevents things like
           | grounding through someone's body.
        
             | schiffern wrote:
             | > Modern circuit breakers are much fancier. They break...
             | when the currents passing in both directions [is] unequal
             | 
             | What you're describing is properly called GFCI[0] -- which
             | in some countries is referred to as an RCD[1] -- not just a
             | standard circuit breaker.
             | 
             | You _can_ get devices which fit into a standard circuit
             | breaker slot which perform both functions. However a
             | conventional circuit breaker (which are still widely
             | available) doesn 't do any of that.
             | 
             | [0] Ground Fault Circuit Interruptor
             | 
             | [1] Residual Current Device
        
         | Buttons840 wrote:
         | > The bimetallic component means that one metal heats and
         | expands faster than the other, eventually breaking the circuit.
         | 
         | I thought the circuit that powers the cooking was broken
         | because, when the water has boiled away, heat rises and a
         | magnet holding the circuit closed is weakened by the heat,
         | which allows a spring to pull the magnet away and break the
         | heating circuit. (Magnets are weaker when hot.)
        
         | dmoy wrote:
         | Thermostats also used to use the bimetal trick
        
       | fallinditch wrote:
       | Using a rice cooker is not the healthiest method due to the
       | arsenic and other carcinogenic substance that rice plants can
       | contain.
       | 
       | Dr Michael Mosley studied the science of this for his BBC program
       | Trust Me I'm A Doctor [1]. The advice is to soak rice overnight,
       | parboil and discard the water, change water and bring back to
       | boil again and change water again, etc.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/articles/2F1MDzyW55pg97Tdpp...
        
         | tomohelix wrote:
         | It is funny to me that any time an article or claims regarding
         | rice being unhealthy appear, it would be from some far West
         | country whose diet barely contains any rice. Meanwhile, Asian
         | countries whose populace exclusively eat rice every day,
         | multiple times, in humongous amounts, consistently rank higher
         | in life expectancy than a Western country with the same level
         | of development.
         | 
         | I am not saying rice is the only reason. My point is if rice is
         | so bad, we would not see Japan or Korea or Singapore dominate
         | the life expectancy charts. Compared to the extremely greasy
         | and highly processed food being sold widely in the US for
         | example, rice is extremely healthy.
        
           | hedgehog wrote:
           | Arsenic content is also highly variable depending on where
           | the rice was grown.
        
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