[HN Gopher] Alexander the Great's tunic identified in royal tomb...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Alexander the Great's tunic identified in royal tomb at Vergina?
        
       Author : fork-bomber
       Score  : 242 points
       Date   : 2024-11-01 12:54 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tandfonline.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tandfonline.com)
        
       | bhouston wrote:
       | Time to do the Jurassic Park thing and bring him back! (Well at
       | least a genetic clone.)
        
         | relistan wrote:
         | Not sure about Alexander, but I'm here for Lincoln.
        
         | kasey_junk wrote:
         | Wasn't that the plot of "GI Joe: The Movie"?
        
           | squiffsquiff wrote:
           | The did an episode of star trek next generation with this
           | https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Kahless_(clone)
        
             | nayroclade wrote:
             | That episode presents quite a plausible scenario for why
             | notable historical figures might be cloned, in my opinion:
             | Participants in a contemporary power struggle wanting to
             | use their talismanic status for political ends.
        
         | derektank wrote:
         | New Great Filter just dropped: Once a technological
         | civilization develops cloning and ancient DNA analysis they
         | decide to revive all the greatest warlords and conquerors in
         | their history and, to everyone's surprise, all the Will to
         | Power types cause a global thermonuclear conflict
        
           | hshshshshsh wrote:
           | But they can't fetch the memories and psychological traumas
           | right? The person would just look like the old person then
           | and no personality resembling the old one.
        
             | alex_young wrote:
             | Shh. You'll upset the puritans.
        
             | fluoridation wrote:
             | They also won't be in the same political position. There
             | aren't that many historically important men that started
             | out as true nobodies.
        
               | kijin wrote:
               | They just as well might be, if they are treated as
               | Alexander Reincarnate by everyone around them from a very
               | young age.
               | 
               | Not all clones will survive the pressure of all the
               | expectations upon them, but we only need one of them to
               | accept his destiny as Kwisatz Haderach.
        
               | taneliv wrote:
               | What now does this all have to do with shortening the
               | distance? Or do you mean something else than
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kefitzat_haderech ?
        
               | foolswisdom wrote:
               | Appears to be a reference to
               | https://dune.fandom.com/wiki/Kwisatz_Haderach
        
               | sophacles wrote:
               | It has everything to do with shortening the distance!
               | 
               | You see there was a prophecy among the Bene Gesserit that
               | a careful human breeding program could produce a
               | genetically perfect man who could survive taking the
               | water of life. This would enable in him an ability
               | similar to that the Guild Navigators employ to guide
               | their ships, but for the course of all humanity rather
               | than the course of a single heighliner.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure that a clone of Alexander the Great
               | wouldn't start out as a true nobody.
        
               | fluoridation wrote:
               | Compared to the prince of Macedon? Yeah, pretty much zero
               | political power.
        
               | drexlspivey wrote:
               | He would win the election in Greece in a heartbeat
        
               | arp242 wrote:
               | Not before Greece and North Macedonia declare war over
               | who gets to claim the Alexander clone.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | Well, whoever gets to have an election first, right? But
               | then there's that thing about clones, why not both!
        
               | potato3732842 wrote:
               | The top 3 scores for 20th century atrocities are held by
               | people who started off as nobodies.
               | 
               | People who rise to the occasion in times of national
               | crisis seem to frequently be people who are on the line
               | between somebody and nobody with people like George
               | Washington and Caesar toward the "somebody" end and
               | people like Napoleon and Eisenhower on the nobody end.
        
               | Novosell wrote:
               | Hitler, Stalin and Mao or did you have others in mind?
        
             | pwillia7 wrote:
             | they can't fetch the memories and psychological traumas so
             | far
        
               | hshshshshsh wrote:
               | Is there a hypothetical way to fetch that?
        
             | arunix wrote:
             | In The Boys from Brazil, they try to get around that by
             | creating circumstances similar to that experienced by the
             | historical warlord.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Boys_from_Brazil_(film)
        
           | sundarurfriend wrote:
           | Fate/Great Filter
        
           | busseio wrote:
           | This is the plot-line behind the Serpentor story arc in GI
           | Joe, but they mix all the best-worst parts together into one
           | bad guy.
        
           | jgon wrote:
           | Shades of The Book of the New Sun, and Severian reviving
           | Typhon only to realize what sort of threat he poses.
        
         | thom wrote:
         | Just his stuff, not actually his tomb (which is presumably
         | still somewhere in Egypt, but who knows).
        
           | tokai wrote:
           | In Alexandria, destroyed in the ~5th century. Its was a holy
           | site for centuries and we have many sources on it. But we
           | don't know what happen to his mummy during the destruction.
        
             | saas_sam wrote:
             | There's a compelling theory that Alexander's body was moved
             | to the Basilica of Saint Mark in Venice, Italy!
        
             | thom wrote:
             | Or indeed its nose!
        
         | hshshshshsh wrote:
         | Is there a program that can generate 3D view of a human by
         | reading DNA?
        
           | uptown wrote:
           | Yep:
           | 
           | https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/24/science/dna-generated-
           | fac...
           | 
           | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/creepy-or-
           | cool...
        
             | 331c8c71 wrote:
             | Would love to see representative pairs of predicted vs real
             | faces.
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | > There is, of course, no way of knowing how accurate
             | Dewey-Hagborg's sculptures are--since the samples are from
             | anonymous individuals
             | 
             | From the second one. So who knows, it is fairly likely to
             | just be a guess? If it were real, I'd expect better uses of
             | it than just by bored artists.
             | 
             | Edit: I should have checked the first one, they at least
             | show an experiment (if a sloppy one). The results are...not
             | great it seems if the goal is it being recognizable as the
             | person in question.
        
         | Eumenes wrote:
         | The world could use another Alexander the Great about now
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | To destroy every existing country from Egypt to Pakistan,
           | replacing them with a one-man-rule empire? And killing a
           | large number of people to get there? And leaving behind a
           | number of feuding generals when he dies, who create their own
           | one-man-rule sub-empires?
           | 
           | No thanks. What we have now isn't great, but I'm not sure
           | that's an improvement.
        
             | Eumenes wrote:
             | Ironically, the United State's foreign policy is pretty
             | similar to that, if the nations weren't conquered, they're
             | controlled via friendly proxies.
        
         | Hikikomori wrote:
         | And use Chatgpt to fill his mind, what could go wrong?
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | I bet you could clone 1000 Alexanders, and none of them would
         | be The Great. You'd need Aristotle as a tutor, and to inherit
         | one of the best armies in the world from your dad, the king,
         | and probably a million other little things would have to align
         | in order to give you that combination of ambition and ability.
         | If you can arrange all that, my intuition is that the genetic
         | factors are probably of secondary importance.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | Not to mention that the entire opportunity gradient is gone
           | now.
        
           | pennomi wrote:
           | Best I can do is raise him on a steady diet of memes and
           | Vtubers.
        
           | PepperdineG wrote:
           | You might end up with Khan Noonien Singh who will try and
           | steal your ship then stick a bug in your ear
        
       | asimpletune wrote:
       | Wow, this is huge.
       | 
       | There are so many other things described in ancient texts that
       | have yet to be discovered. Herodotus for example is filled with
       | references to places and things that were later discovered.
       | However there are still many examples of pretty credible places
       | and objects that remain undiscovered.
       | 
       | Also, fwiw, people for some reason think it's ok or cool to
       | criticize Herodotus' history. It's actually very good and he
       | always says when he observed something for himself, or it's
       | something that is said by others and he felt it was important to
       | document. However his assumptions and methods are always stated.
       | I think honestly the main problem is it's just a really long book
       | so few ever read it.
       | 
       | Thucydides is even better.
       | 
       | It's such a shame there is virtually nothing surviving from
       | people who personally knew Alexander. His entire rise is
       | foreshadowed all throughout Thucydides, which is amazing
       | considering that it predates him considerably.
        
         | gavindean90 wrote:
         | I like the way Bob Briar describes Herodotus as an ancient
         | tourist/journalist.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | > _It's such a shame there is virtually nothing surviving from
         | people who personally knew Alexander._
         | 
         | To me it's also just incredible how short his life was, and I
         | imagine that contributes to how scarce first-hand accounts are.
         | He started taking part in military campaigns at 16, became king
         | at 20, and was dead by 32. The Wikipedia article about him
         | mentions he had a historian (or more than one); it's a shame
         | none of those accounts survived to today.
         | 
         | Sure, life expectancy back then was not what it was today, but
         | he was still fairly young, and did a remarkable amount of
         | conquering and expansion in a decade.
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | > It's such a shame there is virtually nothing surviving from
         | people who personally knew Alexander.
         | 
         | Did you forget the guy who's texts were the foundation of our
         | civilization? Most of Aristotle's works are lost, but there is
         | still much to read from Alexander's tutor.
        
       | mattlondon wrote:
       | Is anyone qualified to weigh in on the academic robustness of
       | this?
       | 
       | I only scanned a few bits but I was surprised to see statements
       | like "the male skeleton had a knee injury, thus conclusively
       | proving it was Philip" and "the female skeleton was 18 therefore
       | proving it was Cleopatra since sources say she was young".
       | (Paraphrasing) Etc etc. Is that all it takes to "prove"
       | something? Could it not just be coincidence and it was someone
       | else with a knee injury and some other ~18 year old? Or is that
       | as far as we need to go in archeology to prove something? Put 2
       | and 2 together and come up with Cleopatra?
       | 
       | There also seems to be some sort of almost personal/ad hominem
       | type stuff later on about other researchers who apparently
       | criticised the author's work which surprised me ("Prag, Musgrave,
       | and Neave continue to argue that I remain silent about Cyna ...
       | as if it is an important issue"...)
       | 
       | Is this legit research?
        
         | PaulRobinson wrote:
         | Not an academic, not an expert, but...
         | 
         | The history of the elites in this period is quite well
         | documented from multiple sources. There are some minor royals -
         | third and fourth sons - where little is known other than some
         | titles and lands granted, but the historical record is both
         | comprehensive and considered accurate, particularly for those
         | whose stories were quite shocking like the 7th wife of Philip
         | II (Cleopatra Eurydice, the young woman whose remains are being
         | discussed), whose death may have been suicide, or a murder made
         | to look like suicide...
         | 
         | The thread they're pulling on seems to start here, from the
         | paper:
         | 
         | > There is a unanimous agreement that Tomb III belongs to King
         | Alexander IV, the son of the Great Alexander. This is important
         | because it shows that the Great Tumulus belongs mainly to the
         | Kings of the Argead dynasty, and this contributes significantly
         | to the identification of Tombs I and II as belonging to either
         | Philip II or Arrhidaeus
         | 
         | If accept that unanimous agreement is well-founded, and it is
         | beyond any reasonable doubt that Tomb III belongs to the son of
         | the Great Alexander, then it seems very likely that Tombs I and
         | II must belong to Philip II or Arrhidaeus. The paper seems to
         | then try and work out which one belongs to who.
         | 
         | Now you look through the historical record of each, and you
         | identify that there are multiple sources indicating that Philip
         | had a young wife (Cleopatra Eurydice), who had a young son who
         | was murdered [1]. Then you find a tomb that along with a male,
         | has a younger female with an infant son interred. There is no
         | other known tomb that contains similar remains. That matches
         | Philip II, but does not match Arrhidaeus.
         | 
         | You then look at the other tomb, and realise those remains
         | better matches Arrhidaeus.
         | 
         | This is not proof in a scientific sense, it's not irrefutable,
         | but you have to ask if the young woman and infant are not
         | Cleopatra Eurydice and her son Caranus, who exactly are they?
         | Which other persons match the known historical records? If
         | they're people from outside of the known record, just how
         | likely is it that they would be buried in this specific context
         | of a tomb neighboring Alexander IV? Unless you then want to
         | unpick that assumption of Alexander IV of course, which you're
         | entitled to do, but you're now pushing back against a
         | collective assumption with some significant weight (and I
         | presume, evidence), behind it.
         | 
         | The rest of the paper starts to pull at the logic of other
         | papers published over the last 60 years or so to help develop
         | the case further, but in reality without some better science
         | that seems absent (radio carbon dating, DNA analysis to show
         | familial relationships of remains, and so on), it might be hard
         | to get it over the line from "seems very likely to be the best
         | explanation given what we know today" into "almost impossible
         | to be explained any other way".
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleopatra_Eurydice
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | And if someone thinks this guy is wrong, then they can write
           | an article with their opposing evidence and interpretations.
           | And that's how we do science.
        
           | PittleyDunkin wrote:
           | I think you mean "mathematical sense" as proofs are deductive
           | implications (apriori). Science, an abductive and empirical
           | practice (posteriori) does not have proofs either.
        
         | sgc wrote:
         | Apologies for the long response.
         | 
         | I am only partially qualified in that I am not a professional
         | archeologist, but I have done post-doctoral archeological
         | studies and have read enough archeological studies to
         | understand the larger academic context.
         | 
         | It is not possible to present all the data informing a judgment
         | in such a short work. Even in a book, it would not be possible.
         | Thus it is common in archeology for papers to be written as
         | part of an ongoing conversation / debate with the community -
         | which would be defined as the small handful of other
         | archeologists doing serious research on the same specific
         | subject matter.
         | 
         | Part of that context here is that these tombs are well-
         | established to be the royal tombs of Alexander's family,
         | spanning a few generations including his father and his son.
         | This is one of the most heavily studied sites in Greece for
         | obvious reasons, and that is not something anybody is trying to
         | prove.
         | 
         | In that context, his arguments are trying to identify any body
         | as one among millions, but as one among a small handful of
         | under ten possibilities.
         | 
         | At the same time, the fact that he is not a native English
         | speaker and general archeological style come into play. For
         | example:
         | 
         | "the painter must have watched a Persian gazelle in Persia,
         | since he painted it so naturalistically (contra Brecoulaki
         | Citation2006). So the painter of Tomb II has to be Philoxenus
         | of Eretria" sounds like a massive leap, and it is. He
         | continues:
         | 
         | "... Tomb I (Tomb of Persephone) must have been painted hastily
         | by Nicomachus of Thebes (Andronikos Citation1984; Borza
         | Citation1987; Brecoulaki et al. Citation2023, 100), who was a
         | very fast painter (Saatsoglou-Paliadeli Citation2011, 286) and
         | was famous for painting the Rape of Persephone (Pliny, N. H.
         | 35.108-109), perhaps that of Tomb I."
         | 
         | Another huge leap, both 'presented as conclusions'. However he
         | then continues to indicate these are just hypotheses: "These
         | hypotheses are consistent with the dates of the tombs..."
         | 
         | So his English language use of presenting things factually does
         | not indicate certainty in the way the words would be used in
         | everyday speech. He seems to perhaps misunderstand the force of
         | the terms, but also appears to be working within the context of
         | the conversation with other archeologists I mentioned to start:
         | They all know every affirmation is as "probably", rarely
         | anything more. So it is relatively common shorthand of the
         | craft in that sense.
         | 
         | I believe you are overthinking his responses to other authors,
         | although I understand the culture shock. It is an ongoing
         | conversation and archeologists tend to be blunt in their
         | assessments. Add Greek bluntness on top of this, and it does
         | not seem to matter to the material.
         | 
         | As to your last question, is this legitimate research? The
         | answer overall appears to be yes, although I could see several
         | points (such as the identification of artists I quoted above,
         | and various items I noticed), which I would never have put into
         | ink the way he did. Still, most of his arguments are
         | compelling. It is a shame that the aggressiveness of a few
         | affirmations detract from the overall value of his work.
         | Archeology is not code nor is it physics. It does not pursue
         | universal truths that are more easy to verify through repeated
         | experiments, but unique historical ones which necessarily
         | attempt to interweave physical details and ancient historical
         | records. Each field has its own level of certainty, and the
         | fact that we cannot establish these details with the same
         | certainty as we can establish the chemical formula for water
         | does not make them useless, or pure inventions. Far from it.
        
           | openrisk wrote:
           | > Archeology is not code nor is it physics.
           | 
           | Indeed, but after scanning this article that pulls in all
           | those pieces of indirect evidence I wondered whether some
           | type of structured knowledge database (that encodes the
           | innumerable pieces of historical information that are known,
           | tags them with confidence levels etc.) would not be useful to
           | advance research in such domains.
           | 
           | Something like a large collection of RDF triplets against
           | which you could run a query like "Given this new data point
           | how (more)likely that Alexander the Great's tunic is
           | identified in a royal tomb at Vergina?"
        
             | GavinMcG wrote:
             | Something like this, perhaps?
             | https://digitalculture.uchicago.edu/platforms/ochre-
             | overview...
        
             | sgc wrote:
             | To me it sounds like it could (and likely would) backfire,
             | by replacing judgment with numbers. Who is giving the
             | confidence score? What confidence score does each
             | confidence score receive? Why are those scores more valid
             | than the expert in that very narrow domain? If that expert
             | is the one giving the scores, are they not just
             | gatekeeping? Et cetera. I don't want to see researchers
             | rewriting their papers because their cumulative source
             | score is 68.17, and it should be 72.5 or higher.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | also, there have been points in time where established
               | archeology was wrong, and this seems like it would
               | produce a bias towards what we currently think is true.
               | 
               | for example, theories on how the Polynesian migration
               | came to be are still in flux, to the point where one
               | theory was attempted to be proven by actually sailing to
               | the different islands using only traditional wayfinding.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | You would attach names and dates to the numbers, as with
               | any scientific publishing.
        
               | openrisk wrote:
               | > replacing judgment with numbers
               | 
               | I would phrase it otherwise: _supporting_ judgement with
               | numbers. Its not about altering conclusions, but making
               | more transparent the factual basis and associated
               | reasoning from which they are derived.
               | 
               | The analogy would be trying some exotic food and having a
               | list of ingredients. Yes, good to listen to a local as to
               | how it tastes (and whether it cures all diseases), but if
               | the indication is: 50% sugar, thats a data point worth
               | knowing.
        
             | munk-a wrote:
             | I think that, effectively, the corpus of research papers
             | and citation links is this knowledge database. It isn't
             | structured the way I would structure it in postgres but it
             | seems to be working quite well for the professionals in
             | this field.
             | 
             | I know there have been some interesting finds when an
             | archeologist has dug up a site report from the 1840s that
             | had long laid ignored by academia but these are quite rare
             | occurrences and the scale of people involved here (when
             | we're talking about something hyper specific) is so small
             | that they can probably just sort it out by talking to one
             | another.
             | 
             | For the outside public such a neatly tagged database might
             | be helpful if someone outside of the circle wants to
             | independently research a subject in depth but, honestly,
             | these folks are pretty open to questions and discussions so
             | if you're extremely interested in Gobekli Tepe or some such
             | there's someone out there who is happy to start a
             | conversation with you.
        
               | openrisk wrote:
               | > the corpus of research papers and citation links is
               | this knowledge database
               | 
               | yes, I think so too. In the typical fashion of "pre-
               | digital" information management systems it is extremely
               | economical in the way it encodes things, with statements
               | like "X is true as shown \cite{Y}" etc. But...
               | 
               | > but it seems to be working quite well for the
               | professionals in this field
               | 
               | what prompted my comment is exactly the fact that didn't
               | seem to work that well in this case :-) (nb: I am not
               | remotely an archeology boffin, just triggered by the
               | adversarial language of the paper).
               | 
               | In more quantitative fields people talk about
               | reproducible research, here its more a question of
               | whether similar fields would benefit from "reproducible
               | chains of reasoning".
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | > it seems to be working quite well for the professionals
               | in this field
               | 
               | That is the universal response to new technology: What
               | we're doing is working fine! What they are saying is,
               | 'everything we've accomplished has been with the old
               | technology'.
               | 
               | I promise that was heard from engineers and architects
               | encountering CAD, from cavalry asked to give up their
               | horses (the conservative urge is so great, many died
               | charging machine guns!), by literary scholars presented
               | with computerized tools, .... it's always the same. One
               | person who installed the first email systems for many
               | businesses told me that, over and over, people would say
               | 'our paper memos work fine - this is just technology for
               | technology sake'. They meant, 'everything we've
               | accomplished, we've done it with paper memos'.
               | 
               | New technology lets you do old things much faster and/or
               | lets you do new things you couldn't do before - new
               | things you didn't dream of doing, and as people discover
               | uses for it, new things you won't know about for years.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | And the universal argument that people pushing tech are
               | making boils down to 'I don't understand your field, or
               | the particular needs of it, but I'd like to sell you a
               | process that _I_ invented. I 'm not going to be held
               | responsible for any bad consequences of you adopting it.'
               | 
               | Unsurprisingly, people tend to resist this sort of thing.
               | 
               | Sometimes the local maximum people are stuck in sucks,
               | and they need a shakeup.
               | 
               | That shakeup will not be well received when it comes from
               | a complete stranger, who has no rapport with the
               | community, with zero skin in the game.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | I agree 100%. The number one issue is buy-in, by the
               | leadership and by the users. Without it, don't waste your
               | time.
               | 
               | Buy-in requires their input and demonstrable benefits to
               | them.
        
           | jkhdigital wrote:
           | I really don't know why I stumbled into the comments section
           | on this particular article, but while I'm here I have to
           | commend you on writing perhaps the most thoughtful and
           | eloquent comment I have ever read on HN.
        
             | Taek wrote:
             | Agreed, this is a "best of HN" class of comment.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Added to https://news.ycombinator.com/highlights!
               | 
               | All: when you notice an exceptionally good comment,
               | please let us know at hn@ycombinator.com so we can add
               | it.
        
               | readyplayernull wrote:
               | Hey dang, would it be possible to add a "highlight"
               | option hidden inside the timestamp like "vouch"?
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | There are some curious inclusions on that page, but the
               | context link reveals that some highlights really aren't
               | the comment, rather the discussion that it triggered.
               | 
               | A "35 child comments" note or similar alongside the
               | highlighted comments might encourage more browsing.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > So his English language use of presenting things factually
           | does not indicate certainty in the way the words would be
           | used in everyday speech. He seems to perhaps misunderstand
           | the force of the terms
           | 
           | He might or might not. It's also possible that academic
           | practice in his native language is to use terms of equivalent
           | force.
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | > Apologies for the long response.
           | 
           | No need to apologize for that. But I think you have a sign
           | inversion error here:
           | 
           | > In that context, his arguments are trying to identify any
           | body as one among millions
           | 
           | I presume you meant "his arguments are NOT trying to
           | identify..."?
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Honestly seems about as robust as any other ancient history
         | (not including pre-history). Herculaneum. Or great
         | civilizations of the Americas. Or art "restoration." Or "early
         | music" performance
         | 
         | There is what we know, what we think we know, what we think and
         | don't know, and what we don't know. And the size of those is in
         | exponential ascending order
         | 
         | None of this is to denigrate the robust and important work of
         | historians and adjacent fields. It's just the reality
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | > Put 2 and 2 together and come up with Cleopatra?
         | 
         | This is exactly the problem. History is built on stories, it's
         | just story upon story. Licensed historians are able to augment
         | the existing history. The stories need have nothing to do with
         | the truth of whatever might (or might not) have happened.
         | 
         | Whenever you try to find the sources for this or that claim, it
         | is impossible to do so, especially with anything ancient. When
         | I have tried to do so, I come away feeling extremely
         | dissatisfied, and in disagreement with whatever conclusions are
         | being presented as fact. In every single case.
         | 
         | To see what I mean, here is a link to some previous research I
         | undertook on HN: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=37927639
        
           | olddustytrail wrote:
           | > So we only have 9 fragments from before 1900
           | 
           | What exactly did you mean by this? Because it surely can't be
           | what it sounds like...
        
         | Mistletoe wrote:
         | Didn't Cleopatra die at 39 years old? Your comment confuses me.
        
           | arketyp wrote:
           | Different Cleopatra
        
           | gavindean90 wrote:
           | There were a lot of Cleopatras so this may be a different,
           | less famous one.
        
           | sophacles wrote:
           | Didn't John die in infancy? How can this gravestone say John
           | died at 73?
        
           | verisimi wrote:
           | This is the Cleopatra that was also known as 'Clee'.
           | Different to 'Patty', 'Cleo' or 'Trish'. All of whom were the
           | most beautiful woman in the world in their time :)
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | according to wikip, the famous one was Cleopatra VII
        
         | pm3003 wrote:
         | Yes, in particular the points you cite have been widely
         | discussed since the late 70s. The 'proofs' in question are not
         | absolute mathematical proofs but strong hints around which
         | cases have been made including a lot of elements. The cases are
         | not that clearly cut,and there is not a lot of positive
         | evidence for one thesis or the other but the phrasing here is
         | good approximation.
         | 
         | The research appears serious, but at first sight it doesn't
         | seem to disprove any of the dominant thesis around Vergina.
         | 
         | The question "who is in tomb II?" is still open. Though recent
         | research has provided evidence against the occupant being
         | Philip II (and being rather Philip III) there is still a good
         | deal of evidence "for" Philip II. The case (for Philip II) made
         | at the (very impressive) exhibition at the Vergina museum is
         | well explained.
         | 
         | The case for Cleopatra is even more tenuous but also very well
         | explained.
        
       | empath75 wrote:
       | This is a controversial claim, FWIW.
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2024/10/30/world/europe/alexander-th...
        
       | troymc wrote:
       | My summary: they claim (with evidence) that they found the sacred
       | purple sarapis (tunic) of Alexander the Great, and possibly some
       | of his other things.
        
         | pluc wrote:
         | I'll go a bit further and say that they don't claim it's
         | Alexander's tomb, but someone that was buried with Alexander's
         | artifacts (namely, his brother)
        
           | armitron wrote:
           | This is correct. Alexander is burried in Alexandria, Egypt.
           | This discovery means that some of his artifacts were
           | inherited by one of his siblings, moved back to Greece and
           | burried with them.
        
             | troymc wrote:
             | AFAIK, the current location of Alexander's tomb is not
             | known.
        
               | armitron wrote:
               | The exact location is not known but there is strong
               | consensus amongst historians that he's burried in
               | Alexandria.
        
       | istultus wrote:
       | As usual, "Conjecture Presented as Fact in Headline"
       | 
       | They found a fabric in a royal tomb in Greece that fits the
       | description of Alexander's famous sarapis. What is more likely -
       | that this is Alexander's sarapis itself or that a very rich guy
       | had one made just like it?
        
         | bryanrasmussen wrote:
         | Alexander looks over crowd..hmm, that guy has a sarapis just
         | like mine! Guards, have that man disembowelled!
        
           | bertil wrote:
           | That would explain the presence in a tomb...
        
             | timdiggerm wrote:
             | I doubt a man wearing a counterfeit version of a garment
             | reserved only for kings would be given a nice tomb
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | Or be allowed to be buried in the garment.
        
         | ericmay wrote:
         | > What is more likely - that this is Alexander's sarapis itself
         | or that a very rich guy had one made just like it?
         | 
         | I read through the original article though not very closely,
         | and the authors wrote that the construction of the sarapis was
         | unique in that nobody would have been allowed to construct one,
         | and that the physical construction of the sarapis would have
         | been profoundly expensive.
         | 
         | It could be the case that another rich guy went and had one
         | made, sure, but given the above two priors you'd have to
         | answer:                 Who else at the time could afford to
         | have such a sarapis constructed?       Is there a record of
         | anyone with a similarly designed and constructed sarapis?
         | Historians seem to have a good idea of who was rich and/or
         | noble in the area at the time.       If someone at the time
         | constructed a similarly designed sarapis in the region, who
         | would have built it and why wouldn't have someone basically
         | told on them for trying to copy the God King?
         | 
         | I don't think your point is invalid, but it would raise more
         | questions that as far as I'm aware there seems to be little
         | evidence for and introduce impractical logistics for the time
         | period.
        
           | infecto wrote:
           | I think people forget that in those times production was
           | tightly controlled and most likely the construction of such a
           | cloth without permissions would most likely be met with
           | execution.
        
             | ericmay wrote:
             | I agree - thank you for writing that more pointedly than I
             | did in my post.
        
         | ipinak wrote:
         | A very rich guy made one and put it the tomb? Your comment is
         | the conjecture here. Which begs the question, why you even
         | doing that?
        
       | anshumankmr wrote:
       | Pics ?
        
         | kylecazar wrote:
         | You can see images on other sites, but it just looks like a
         | bunch of purple shredded paper in a box to my untrained eye.
         | 
         | https://www.ancient-origins.net/news-history-archaeology/sac...
        
       | a12k wrote:
       | This is awesome and very historic. I'm hoping it ends up in a
       | glass case at Meta HQ though so many people can appreciate it
       | rather than in a closet in Palo Alto.
        
       | gargalatas wrote:
       | I would never expect such a Greek matter would become headline in
       | here. Turns out that Alexander the Great was globally accepted.
       | 
       | But let me clarify from what I have read that it's just a
       | conjecture and not a very strong one.
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | It would never have occurred to me that a Greek would assume
         | that Alexander the Great was just a local hero!
         | 
         | In the US, anyone who remembers _any_ ancient history will
         | remember Alexander the Great. He 's a part of every single
         | world history curriculum, and for good reason. Whether by his
         | own skill or luck, he reshaped most of Eurasia in his lifetime.
        
           | romanhn wrote:
           | Not just the US. As a kid growing up in Russia, I was very
           | aware of Alexander's prominence (known to us as Alexander the
           | Macedonian).
        
             | markdown wrote:
             | I mean, it was in the curriculum in Fiji where I studied.
             | Stupid of course, because we had to learn the histories of
             | far away places (literally on the other side of the world)
             | more than our own history.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | As a Greek, it's very weird to me that someone would think
           | Alexander the Great isn't well-known worldwide. Interesting
           | that someone is surprised.
        
         | HEmanZ wrote:
         | The entire western world draws its cultural lineage through the
         | ancient greek civilizations, most of us sub-consciously
         | consider ancient greek history "our" history. Even relatively
         | un-educated New Zealanders on the exact opposite side of the
         | world know who Alexander the Great is.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | They wouldn't call him "the Great" if he was just some guy.
         | He's up there with Caesar, Napoleon, Genghis, Attila and the
         | rest.
        
         | architango wrote:
         | Hans Gruber referred to him in "Die Hard," so that's good
         | enough for me.
        
         | rgreekguy wrote:
         | I would have never expected such a Greek matter to not be
         | polluted by some beloved neighbours to the North of ours!
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | Alexander the Great was taught in my US high-school world
         | history class. I was very fuzzy on the details of his life
         | (time period, exactly where he was from and what he did), but
         | he was Kinda a Big Deal for the world, not just ancient Greece.
        
       | rwl4 wrote:
       | Just in case anybody is interested in a bit more of a casual
       | format, I had NotebookLM create a podcast from the paper.
       | 
       | https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/0bef03c4-3ed5-4b13-90...
        
         | anoncow wrote:
         | That was enjoyable. I have doubts as to how close this was to
         | the article (but I have no patience to verify).
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | Makes me want to re-watch _The Man Who Would Be King_ again.
        
       | permo-w wrote:
       | that is a truly terribly written abstract
        
       | mmooss wrote:
       | > the _sacred_ Persian mesoleucon sarapis which belonged to
       | Pharaoh and King Alexander the Great
       | 
       | [italicizing added]
       | 
       |  _sacred_ means something religious or divine. While Alexander
       | the Great is very famous, does or did anyone who came after
       | consider Alexander to be divine? For example, while people very
       | much admire Abraham Lincoln, nobody would associate Lincoln with
       | divinity.
       | 
       | Another comment says that English may not be the first language
       | of the author, so perhaps 'sacred' wasn't meant precisely. And it
       | could be used, even by an English speaker, imprecisely (hopefully
       | not in published research) or in an exaggerated fashion (also
       | probably doesn't belong in published research).
       | 
       | Still, I find it interesting how a little overenthusiasm and
       | subtle shift in terminology can change perceptions of someone.
       | 
       | EDIT: Better stated: Here is a modern historian calling the
       | sarapis _sacred_. Why? Sacred to whom?
        
         | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
         | It was not uncommon for rulers in the ancient Near East to
         | claim to be divine, or descended from the gods.
         | 
         | When Alexander conquered Egypt, he took on the role of Pharaoh,
         | and claimed to be the son of Ra. He also began calling himself
         | the son of Zeus.
         | 
         | Abraham Lincoln isn't considered a deity, but American
         | political culture is very different from 4th-Century BC
         | Hellenistic political culture.
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | But here is a modern historian calling Alexander's clothes
           | 'sacred'. Why?
        
             | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
             | Because in the historical context, they were considered
             | sacred.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | Thanks. It's not that I'm ignorant of that. I'm trying to
               | explore which historical contexts - and possibly modern
               | ones - consider Alexander to be 'sacred' and why.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | They might not divinize Lincoln but they certainly do
         | Washington:
         | 
         | https://www.aoc.gov/explore-capitol-campus/art/apotheosis-wa...
        
       | Morizero wrote:
       | Picture of the remains of the tunic, since I didn't see one in
       | the article:
       | 
       | https://img-s-msn-com.akamaized.net/tenant/amp/entityid/AA1t...
       | 
       | > The revered tunic is is in fragmentary state and many small
       | pieces less than 6cm (2.3 inches). It's pictured here in a shot
       | from its discovery at Vergina in 1977
       | 
       | Source: https://www.msn.com/en-ae/news/other/alexander-the-great-
       | s-l...
        
         | readyplayernull wrote:
         | The box alone is a very interesting object. I guess it's made
         | of gold? And the modular hinge. Hope they do a 3D scan.
        
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