[HN Gopher] Five or ten new proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem
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       Five or ten new proofs of the Pythagorean Theorem
        
       Author : jhncls
       Score  : 56 points
       Date   : 2024-10-29 20:40 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tandfonline.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tandfonline.com)
        
       | rhelz wrote:
       | Yet another example of the power of Prizes....the authors mention
       | that they were motivated by a $500 prize offered to students by a
       | math volunteer at their high school.
       | 
       | What is so counter-intuitive to me is that if the authors had
       | wanted to earn $500 (or $250 after splitting it) they could have
       | just got a job at McDonalds. They would have earned that money
       | with far less time and effort.
       | 
       | I'm kinda glad that nobody pointed that out to them though :-)
       | 
       | But Prize-awards seems to put us into an entirely different
       | economic frame. You can't say they did it just for the
       | recognition, because if the prize wasn't there they wouldn't have
       | bothered. But you also can't say that they did it for the money,
       | because the money was ludicrously low--even when valued at the
       | rate of unskilled labor.
        
         | sitkack wrote:
         | If you haven't you should watch the video I linked. I think
         | money did have something to do with, but their school is also
         | extremely high performing. People tend to do better when better
         | is the norm.
        
         | 8bitsrule wrote:
         | >They would have earned that money with far less time and
         | effort.
         | 
         | Prize or not, time 'invested' in reasoning out an original
         | solution will very likely 'pay off' in the future much better
         | than investing in flipping burgers. In satisfaction and
         | fulfillment for sure. What's life for? No doubt Erdos and
         | Euler, and certainly van Gogh, might have made more at
         | McDonalds as well.
        
       | fn-mote wrote:
       | On one hand, I was ready to be interested.
       | 
       | However, I just cannot get excited about an article with proofs
       | that:
       | 
       | (1) give a different name for methods that use sin(90)=1 vs only
       | working with sine of an acute angle ("cyclometric" vs
       | "trigonometric", ugh)
       | 
       | (2) use "high-powered" methods like convergence of infinite
       | geometric series to prove the Pythagorean theorem
       | 
       | (3) apply the law of sines several times to produce the
       | Pythagorean theorem
       | 
       | I just couldn't give it a chance. Give me a good old fashioned
       | proof by a dissection diagram any day.
        
         | sitkack wrote:
         | Please give them some slack, they were in high school when they
         | wrote the proofs.
        
           | contravariant wrote:
           | I'm a bit of two minds about this. On the one hand you're
           | quite right, it's impressive work _for high school students_.
           | What I don 't like is how pointing that out feels like an
           | insult, when what I really want to convey is that it's
           | impressive but not entirely _beyond_ ordinary high school
           | students with an interest in mathematics.
           | 
           | And articles like this have been popping up for years (I
           | _think_ about the exact same two students even), and each
           | time I have to decide whether to downplay the scale of their
           | achievement so high school students don 't lose hope about
           | achieving something similar, or praise them with the
           | qualifier _for high school students_ because they couldn 't
           | be expected to have enough mathematical background to push
           | the boundaries of one of the oldest and most extensively
           | researched parts of modern mathematics.
           | 
           | I can't help but feel that each additional article is just
           | further entrenching the stereotype that you're either a
           | genius at mathematics or not, and is demotivating the
           | students in question, because how on earth are they ever
           | going to top _this_?
        
             | throw_pm23 wrote:
             | I think this is beautiful work by any standards. It is
             | definitely _not_ a central research topic within mainstream
             | modern mathematics, but it is accessible and well-known,
             | which is exactly what makes good high-school level
             | mathematics.
             | 
             | Math as a career is brutal, I don't think an ambitious kid
             | would get demotivated so easily, but if you protect them
             | from early frustration, you may set them up for bigger
             | frustrations later.
        
         | erehweb wrote:
         | Tastes differ. Myself, I think it's fascinating that we can use
         | the convergence of infinite geometric series to prove
         | Pythagorean theorem. And particularly inspiring / interesting
         | that two High School students did this.
        
         | kuhewa wrote:
         | > "cyclometric"
         | 
         | it's _cyclotopic_ , a term they coined. I suggest the intro
         | section juxtaposing trigonometry vs 'circular' approaches might
         | best be read as guidance as to how interested high school
         | students (their past selves?) might think about the topic
         | rather than a necessary preface for their paper.
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | I really really recommend that people watch this 60 minutes
       | interview with the authors' of these proofs.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VHeWndnHuQs
       | 
       | What isn't stressed enough is that they both came up with their
       | respective proofs independently.
        
         | spidersenses wrote:
         | >What isn't stressed enough is that they both came up with
         | their respective proofs independently.
         | 
         | They just happened to have the same teacher...
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | Think of how it must feel to be that teacher.
           | 
           | Their school is phenomenal, https://www.cbsnews.com/news/the-
           | inspiration-for-new-orleans...
           | 
           | > Rogers told Whitaker that Calcea and Ne'Kiya are not
           | "unicorns." She said all the young ladies at St. Mary's are
           | exceptional and are taught early that they can achieve great
           | things. For the last 17 years, St. Mary's Academy has had a
           | 100% graduation rate and a 100% college admission rate.
        
       | tonystride wrote:
       | Tbh this is a bit over my head as my music degree only qualifies
       | me to count to four. But all joking aside, I wonder how
       | Pythagoras would feel if he knew that one day he would be better
       | known for this theorem and not for music?
       | 
       | I'm amazed by how many people I meet who don't know about his
       | contribution to the discovery and development of tonality! You
       | mean the triangle guy invented music???
        
         | bjordnoygbi wrote:
         | Most likely he didn't come up with the theorem. He lead a cult,
         | whose followers attributed their achievements to him and it is
         | alleged that he himself had little interest in mathematics. I
         | don't know about music specifically, but it wouldn't surprise
         | me if the story was similar there. His core competency was
         | religion.
        
           | jacobolus wrote:
           | As far as we know, a developed idea of deductively proving
           | theorems in the style of the _Elements_ postdates Pythagoras
           | by about a century.
        
           | n4r9 wrote:
           | If I recall rightly, it's not even that clear that a single
           | person named Pythagoras really existed. If he did then he
           | never wrote anything down, there are few contemporary
           | accounts of his life or work, and what details there are
           | contradict each other. And, as you say, he was chiefly
           | interested in things like life after death as opposed to
           | mathematics.
        
             | dr_dshiv wrote:
             | This level of skepticism flies in the face of references to
             | Pythagoras across multiple contemporary authors. Keep in
             | mind that it is damn hard to prove something in the 6th
             | century BC with the same level of evidence as today.
             | 
             | But Heraclitus, for instance, was contemporary and accused
             | him of plagiarism and trickery. Why abuse a person that
             | doesn't exist? Ion of Chios was contemporary and said that
             | he authored Orphic hymns.
             | 
             | The Orphic hymn to Apollo proclaims "your resonance attunes
             | the whole globe". Now, we don't know that Pythagoras wrote
             | that. We can't prove that sort of thing. But it sure seems
             | Pythagorean.
             | 
             | Did you know that Copernicus, Kepler, Galileo and Newton
             | all claimed to be Pythagorean?
             | 
             | The man is a legend. Embrace the legend. He wrote lots of
             | things down but he either destroyed it to avoid creating a
             | doctrine or it was destroyed during one of the different
             | massacres of Pythagoreans. Because that happened.
        
         | sitkack wrote:
         | Musicians know a whole lot more math than they are aware of.
         | Music is math. Even if you don't read sheet music or study the
         | intervals of scales and chords. Musicians that become
         | programmers write some of the best code, same for lit majors.
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | Completely agree. One can be skeptical, but the actual man is
         | likely greater than the legend.
         | 
         | I own a coin designed by Pythagoras. Well, it's from 510 BC
         | Croton, features the tripod from Delphi, and has little snakes
         | at the bottom. Also 10 little dots. No tetractys, but that'd be
         | a bit much. Also, the front is the opposite of the back
         | (Aristotle describes the Pythagorean obsession with opposites).
         | 
         | I mean, maybe it wasn't Pythagoras -- but his father _was_ a
         | gold smith and it is the most beautiful coin of the era,
         | suggesting genius. But it might have been Hippasus, who was
         | known for having conducted the first hypothesis driven
         | experiment of all time: casting bronze chimes in musical
         | proportions to see if the 1:2:3:4 intervals that make stringed
         | music consonant apply with the thickness of chimes. They do.
         | The mathematical model generalizes.
         | 
         | Currently, I'm working on a textbook callout that helps
         | students learn about fractions using musical intervals -- and
         | introduces all the DEI glory of Pythagoras (multiethnic,
         | gender-mixed community, credited his moral doctrines to a
         | woman, Themistoclea of Delphi, etc). I'm leaving out the fact
         | that he was kicked out of the boys Olympics when he was 16 for
         | being too effeminate. He won the men's Olympics in boxing,
         | introducing some kind of new martial arts. Then he trained the
         | most successful Olympic athlete of all time, Milo of Croton,
         | who won 5 consecutive Olympics. No one has done that since.
         | 
         | Let me know if you need sources for any of these facts, I
         | collect them all. Pythagoras is the _bessst_
        
           | pyuser583 wrote:
           | There was some weirdness to him too. He basically founded a
           | religion. There were some strange ideas about the hierarchies
           | of food, etc.
        
       | user070223 wrote:
       | semi related: I found Norman J. Wildberger rational trigonometry
       | work very interesting. He ditches trigonometry in order to work
       | with rational quantities. There was also a playlist on youtube of
       | his work but I'm unable to find it for some reason
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_Proportions:_Rational_T...
        
       | dr_dshiv wrote:
       | The conclusion of this paper was so beautiful. A real feel good
       | story.
        
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