[HN Gopher] Australia/Lord_Howe is the weirdest timezone
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Australia/Lord_Howe is the weirdest timezone
        
       Author : noleary
       Score  : 913 points
       Date   : 2024-10-30 06:21 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ssoready.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ssoready.com)
        
       | surfingdino wrote:
       | I love time/date problems. One of the best references on the
       | subject of calendars is "Standard C Date/Time Library:
       | Programming the World's Calendars and Clocks" by Lance Latham. He
       | really goes into a lot of detail on various calendaring systems,
       | some really cooky, https://amzn.to/4hjv5L3
       | 
       | BTW. A long, informative post without a single mention of AI. A
       | rare thing these days.
        
         | notachatbot123 wrote:
         | Clean link without affiliate code:
         | https://www.amazon.co.uk/Standard-Date-Time-Library-Programm...
        
       | spockz wrote:
       | I really love this way of writing. Informational with occasional
       | bits of humor. It makes it read and ingest.
        
         | Semaphor wrote:
         | Agreed, and the humor is restrained. Often there are posts
         | (which tend to also have an annoying amount of gifs) which just
         | overdo it. But here it's neatly used to lighten the writing.
        
         | ides_dev wrote:
         | Absolutely agreed, it's a really nice conversational tone. It
         | is technical without being dry and entertaining without
         | watering down the information. I strive to write like this.
        
         | jccalhoun wrote:
         | I guess I'm alone. I HATED it.
        
         | ucarion wrote:
         | You should read Matt Levine's Money Stuff! I think his is the
         | tone I roughly was going for here.
        
       | benreesman wrote:
       | So this is a thing: I caught the Snake emoji behaving differently
       | in some code because it was coded one thing before #celebrity-
       | thing, and the opposite months later.
       | 
       | Snake Emoji Kanye vibes are the weirdest timezone.
        
         | pests wrote:
         | Wait, how is it different before/after?
        
       | captn3m0 wrote:
       | The tz-iana mailing list is a lot of fun to subscribe to.
        
       | Terr_ wrote:
       | To me, one of the key framing ideas that almost all dates/times
       | are actually _a set of matching-rules_ that you are monitoring
       | for. You can _guess_ how many seconds will elapse until the match
       | triggers, but you can 't be _totally_ sure [0] until it happens,
       | and in some cases it will never quite happen at all. [1]
       | 
       | Then the second half is often to reverse your "I think it will
       | happen X seconds from now" delta-guess into "I'm also guessing
       | that _your_ timezone 's clocks will say Y when it happens."
       | 
       | Just don't forget to keep track of which timezones is
       | _controlling_ the event versus which timezones it is being
       | _displayed_ in. ____
       | 
       | [1] Your UTC estimate might occur plus or minus leap seconds. TAI
       | is safer, unless somebody discovers something exciting and new
       | that changes the behavior of cesium atoms.
       | 
       | [0] Such as if the time zone vanishes because the country is
       | gone. Or perhaps the 1:30 to 2:00 thing couldn't exactly happen
       | because the clocks went forward from 1:00 to 2:00 with a missing
       | hour.
        
       | ryzvonusef wrote:
       | Reminds me of when Tom Scott descended into madness at trying to
       | account for time zones:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5wpm-gesOY
        
         | luoc wrote:
         | Somehow I end up watching this about twice a year
        
       | import wrote:
       | Nice morning reading
        
       | prmoustache wrote:
       | In my opinion, the best way to see it is not to pretend their are
       | weird timezones.
       | 
       | It is not because most of the world do summer time and that when
       | they do they have a 1h transitions that we should take it for
       | granted.
       | 
       | This article do not mention the Chatham Standard Time Zone from
       | Chatham Islands archipelago in NZ which is 45 minutes ahead of
       | New Zealand Daylight Time, nor the Central Western Standard Time
       | (Australia/Eucla). Also wikipedia mention there is a "train
       | timezone" for the Indian Pacific train. I wonder if other trains
       | have a dedicated timezone?
        
         | sakjur wrote:
         | > I wonder if other trains have a dedicated timezone?
         | 
         | They used to, railway time is how our timezone system came to
         | be.
        
         | reisse wrote:
         | > It is not because most of the world do summer time
         | 
         | Eh? Most of the world don't do summer time.
        
           | prmoustache wrote:
           | Yes for some reason I read the following sentence backwards
           | thinking that 410 timezones were observing DST while 185 did
           | not.
           | 
           | > Hmm. 410 timezones just don't DST at all. 185 have a
           | 3600-second, i.e. 1-hour, difference.
           | 
           | My point stands that there is no normality, just governments
           | taking different decisions and being entitled to it and what
           | the majority does is not relevant.
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | Is that also true by population?
        
         | angrygoat wrote:
         | The great thing about Australia/Eucla is that it's not
         | officially gazetted, and yet there are road signs informing
         | travellers about it. I love that people just do it and everyone
         | goes along
        
         | ucarion wrote:
         | I mention Asia/Kathmandu instead of Pacific/Chatham or
         | Australia/Eucla mostly because it's not one of those "exotic
         | birds / kangaroos outnumber humans 5:1" kinds of places.
        
       | lifthrasiir wrote:
       | > These time zones have hundreds of hard-coded transitions out
       | into the future. I don't understand why, it's not like they all
       | have lunar calendar stuff going on.
       | 
       | Without any additional update to the tz database, all annual
       | transitions are assumed to continue indefinitely. So TZif version
       | 1 would repeat transitions up to January 2038 (i.e. the end of
       | signed 32-bit time_t), while version 2 or later would keep them
       | for the compatibility (see the section 4 of RFC 8536) but also
       | include the algorithmic description in the footer for later
       | dates.
        
       | radekk wrote:
       | I wonder why the dst transition hours are encoded in local time.
       | Wouldn't it be easier to do it in UTC? There is no need to
       | differentiate between the same hour before and after change then.
        
         | winternewt wrote:
         | Perhaps to decouple DST transition rules from other time-zone
         | changes. So if the time-zone offset is adjusted for some other
         | reason then the DST rule does not also need to be changed.
        
         | taneliv wrote:
         | Suppose in local time (which is, say, UTC+3) the DST transition
         | is on something like "last Sunday of 10th month at 02:00",
         | which might then in UTC become "last Saturday of 10th month at
         | 23:00, except if that Saturday is the last day of the month,
         | then the second to last Saturday". In effect, if conversion to
         | UTC causes the transition to move to a different day, it might
         | also be on a different week or month, causing headache.
         | 
         | (Or did you ask something else entirely? It wouldn't be the
         | first time I misunderstood things about time zones.)
        
       | Scarblac wrote:
       | I'm going to steal "Greenland is part of the greater EU cinematic
       | universe".
        
       | guidedlight wrote:
       | Nah, the weirdest time zone is Africa/Addis_Ababa, which nobody
       | in Ethiopia follows.
       | 
       | Instead the locals offset the time by 6 hours. So the AM cycle
       | starts at dawn (i.e. 6am), and the PM cycle starts at dusk (i.e.
       | 6pm).
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Ethiopia
        
         | squiggleblaz wrote:
         | Sounds like it could be a candidate. Any system which can't be
         | expressed in standard software is stranger than every system
         | that can be.
        
           | dpassens wrote:
           | But whether standard software is able to express this system
           | is up to the software, not the system, no? Why is this way of
           | timekeeping weird, apart from the arbitrary decision not to
           | support it?
        
             | tankenmate wrote:
             | The decision to not support it isn't "arbitrary" per se;
             | it's a function of utility vs cost to implement (which a
             | healthy dose of fudge). "Standard software" for timekeeping
             | is far more useful precisely _because_ it is used by far
             | more people.
        
               | dpassens wrote:
               | Maybe arbitrary was the wrong word. I understand that
               | this is an implementation cost issue and I'm not saying
               | that the decision not to pay this cost wasn't reasonable.
               | My objection is not with tzdb, but with the
               | characterisation of a real-life practice as weird just
               | because software doesn't accommodate it. Shouldn't what
               | people do be the reference for what is normal, rather
               | than the rules encoded in software?
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Software doesn't accomodate it because it's weird
               | _relative to literally the rest of the world_.
        
               | dpassens wrote:
               | Sure. But that's completely different from saying it's
               | strange because software doesn't accommodate it.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Is it?
        
               | dpassens wrote:
               | Yes, it is, because in your phrasing the fact that nobody
               | else keeps time that way is the cause and lack of support
               | in software the effect. The comment that I originally
               | responded to is phrased as though lack of software
               | support is the cause of weirdness.
               | 
               | I object to the latter since software is not the source
               | of truth, the social practices it aims to encode are. It
               | is perfectly reasonable to say that this particular
               | practice is so rare that it is out of scope, but this
               | makes tzdb a not quite correct approximation of reality,
               | rather than reality an approximation of tzdb.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | I would agree it's weird, but not because software doesn't
             | support it, but because it's different from what the vast
             | majority of the population of the world does. The fact that
             | software doesn't support it is a downstream consequence of
             | that.
        
               | dpassens wrote:
               | I agree with that take. It's also quite different from
               | saying that it's weird because software doesn't support
               | it, which is the claim I took issue with. Maybe I
               | should've phrased my comment differently.
        
           | Majromax wrote:
           | Not necessarily. To be inexpressible in software, all it has
           | to do is be unpredictable; it can still be boring.
           | 
           | Let me define "local snoozing time" (LST): it's set to my
           | local standard timezone as of today, but every time I hit the
           | snooze button on my morning alarm it shifts 9 minutes
           | backwards (the length of the snooze). By definition, I wake
           | up at 8am in LST, regardless of what the world is doing.
           | 
           | If the time shifts by more than one hour compared to the
           | prevailing timezone, LST shifts forwards by a whole number of
           | hours on Saturday morning, 2am LST to minimize that
           | difference.
           | 
           | This timezone is "boring" but uncomputable, since it depends
           | on unpredictable events.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | For country near equator that is not actually unreasonable
         | system to define day cycle.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Yeah, for countries further away from the equator this would
           | be crazy. Actually I thought Ethiopia is already far enough
           | from the equator to have significant changes of
           | sunrise/sunset times, but according to
           | https://www.timeanddate.com/sun/ethiopia/addis-ababa, they
           | only vary by ~ 40 minutes over the year, so I guess that's
           | close enough to "constant" for most of the population...
        
         | kbbgl87 wrote:
         | And they live 7 years in the past.
        
           | guidedlight wrote:
           | They do. So I guess the observed timezone is UTC-61314.
        
             | Scarblac wrote:
             | Probably depends on how many of those 7 were leap years at
             | any point in time?
        
         | AStonesThrow wrote:
         | Ethiopian Christians have retained many Jewish customs compared
         | to others, so you will also see them observing something like
         | kosher diets. Although dusk is not sunset, it may be the case
         | that they've adapted the cycle from Hebrew calendar observance.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | That's very similar to how the romans conceived of time. Wonder
         | if it's an old relic from when north africa was a bunch of
         | provinces.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_timekeeping
        
           | arethuza wrote:
           | "An hour was defined as one twelfth of the daytime"
           | 
           | That must have been fun for the Romans here in Scotland - an
           | hour would be roughly two and a half time as long in winter
           | as in summer!
        
             | throw0101a wrote:
             | > _That must have been fun for the Romans here in Scotland
             | - an hour would be roughly two and a half time as long in
             | winter as in summer!_
             | 
             | Mechanical clocks in Japan were designed to handle those
             | situations:
             | 
             | > _Adapting the European clock designs to the needs of
             | Japanese traditional timekeeping presented a challenge to
             | Japanese clockmakers. Japanese traditional timekeeping
             | practices required the use of unequal time units: six
             | daytime units from local sunrise to local sunset, and six
             | night-time units from sunset to sunrise._
             | 
             | *
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_clock#Temporal_hours
        
             | pbmonster wrote:
             | Much less of an issue without clocks.
             | 
             | Look where the sun is, remember where it is at sunrise/-set
             | (much easier if you're outside every day) and then mentally
             | divide the sky into segments and just ballpark it.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | "Look where the sun is"
               | 
               | Well, maybe that was another problem with Scotland... ;-)
               | 
               | No wonder they built a few walls and retreated south....
        
             | Horffupolde wrote:
             | That's standard traditional Hebrew time still today.
        
           | ttepasse wrote:
           | You'll find the ancient interpretation that the new day
           | starts at sunset still in religions. Sabbath starts on Friday
           | evening, Easter and Christmas day start on the eve of the day
           | before. Possibly the Eids of Islam too, but I'm unsure.
           | 
           | Ethiopia is one of the ancient Christian countries, the
           | second of officially convert and the Ethiopian Ortodox Church
           | still seems prominent. I assume that's the reason why.
        
         | hprotagonist wrote:
         | Ethiopian time keeping is peculiar all over.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar
         | 
         |  _The Ethiopian calendar has twelve months, all thirty days
         | long, and five or six epagomenal days, which form a thirteenth
         | month._
        
           | hhdhdbdb wrote:
           | That no odder than Gregorian
        
             | charlieyu1 wrote:
             | Still not weirder than Lunar calendar
        
               | stronglikedan wrote:
               | Why use celestial bodies at all? Let's bring the Soviet
               | calendar back!
        
               | hprotagonist wrote:
               | something something every 5 years.
        
             | IggleSniggle wrote:
             | It's not odd as in a more unusual system, but odd in that
             | it is widely incompatible with the calendar of most of the
             | world, but still official calendar. Kinda like the Kodak
             | calendar (which was instead 13 28-day months (364 days),
             | and iirc does the off-day adjustments over the corporate
             | winter holiday...actually pretty reasonable)
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | Merry Corporate Winter Holiday!
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | lmao
        
               | antod wrote:
               | Not reasonable at all... it's Corporate Summer Holiday
               | around here.
        
               | IggleSniggle wrote:
               | You take that back!
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | There are good reasons for the Gregorian calendar's
             | oddities, though. Any simple system stops being simple when
             | you apply it to enough different situations. I am not sure
             | programmers would like it better if each country had a
             | different calendar for each season. Because a day that
             | starts at 6 and ends at 18 would make sense 2 days each
             | years here in Europe. Not even that if you go far enough
             | North.
        
           | brodo wrote:
           | That's similar to the Shire calendar system[1]. It has twelve
           | months of 30 days, but the missing days are not in any month.
           | 
           | 1: https://tolkiengateway.net/wiki/Shire_Calendar
        
             | libraryofbabel wrote:
             | And also similar to the French Revolutionary calendar (1793
             | to 1805) which had twelve 30-day months and 5 or 6 _jours
             | complementaires_.
             | 
             | I like that Tolkien's legendarium got the first mention
             | here though.
        
               | rainingmonkey wrote:
               | The ancient Roman calendar was before that, with 10
               | months of 30 or 31 days and intercalated days when it's
               | no month at all.
               | 
               | Sometimes priests moved these days to suit political
               | shenanigans.
               | 
               | Caesar ended this madness and "rationalised" the system,
               | coincidentally making his year-long consulship last for
               | 446 days.
        
             | prmph wrote:
             | Wasn't Tolkien's LOTR partly inspired by Ethiopia?
        
           | aquova wrote:
           | I'm actually quite a fan of perennial calendars like that, I
           | think the Ethiopian calendar is a much more logical system
           | than the Gregorian system.
        
           | ucarion wrote:
           | Almost every calendar system has a similar trick:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intercalation_(timekeeping)
           | 
           | The west inherits from the Romans, and Julius Caesar
           | standardized away the Roman intercalary month by glomming it
           | into Feburary. Before that a "priest" (the pontifex maximus)
           | (in scare-quotes because it was a political office) would add
           | that month on an ad-hoc basis. Not so different!
        
         | wakahiu wrote:
         | This is common across East Africa, including Kenya where I'm
         | from. The night ends at 6:00AM, with 7:00AM being saa moja
         | (first hour) of the day. Similarly, the day ends at 6:00PM
         | (thenashara). Intuitively, this clock makes much more sense
         | than the English clock. There's rarely confusion between times
         | because it's embedded in the language.
        
           | spuz wrote:
           | What time is displayed on your phone when you are in Kenya?
           | Is there a setting to make it display the commonly used time
           | rather than the official time? I'm going to Kenya next year
           | and I'm excited to see how my phone behaves.
        
           | nine_k wrote:
           | This is indeed a more logical clock, as it follows the
           | natural cycle of activity. Equally, calendars that put the
           | end of the year at the time after harvest ("autumn"), or at
           | the start of agricultural work ("spring") are also more
           | logical.
           | 
           | Positioning the beginning of a new day at noon, and a new
           | year t a solstice, is just a technical convenience, because
           | these are easy to detect with very simple astronomy tools.
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | What makes it more logical? The wheel turns all the same no
             | matter where you mark the beginning. In the Northern
             | hemisphere, there's actually something nice about starting
             | the year in the dead of winter: it feels like the year is
             | born in the spring and then dies away the following winter,
             | not unlike a lifetime.
        
               | delecti wrote:
               | > it feels like the year is born in the spring
               | 
               | Then shouldn't the start of the year be when the year is
               | "born"? Or alternatively, the end of the year when the
               | year "dies"? January 1 is neither.
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | The year "dies" on the longest, darkest nights. (Dec 21,
               | technically). We mourn its passing and celebrate it's
               | life with drinks. I'm guessing there was in antiquity, a
               | whole bunch of dreadful and exciting parties in the last
               | 10 days around the longest nights.
               | 
               | It slowly grows after that and blooms later.
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | January 1 is so close to December 25 (when Jesus is
               | believed to have been born) so if we wanted to count
               | years since that -- and call it AD for "Anno Domini" (the
               | Year of Our Lord) -- we could declare the year to begin
               | on January 1st.
               | 
               | Which is exactly what we did.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | > _December 25 (when Jesus is believed to have been
               | born)_
               | 
               | I don't think anyone actually believes Jesus was born on
               | Dec 25.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | March should be the 1st month then I'd think. I'm pretty
               | sure that's how the roman calendar worked. War started in
               | spring.
        
               | athom wrote:
               | If you DO start in March, your days/month fall into a
               | neat little pattern:
               | 
               | Mar 31 - Aug 31 - Jan 31
               | 
               | Apr 30 - Sep 30 - Feb 28/29
               | 
               | May 31 - Oct 31
               | 
               | Jun 30 - Nov 30
               | 
               | Jul 31 - Dec 31
               | 
               | That highlights a few interesting cycles you can use to
               | calculate dates from a simple count of days from the
               | start of the year:
               | 
               | 153 days every 5 months
               | 
               | 61 days every 2
               | 
               | 31 days per month
               | 
               | An "early reset" occurs every second month, jumping to
               | the next 2-month cycle after the second day 30. Another
               | occurs after every fifth month, jumping into a new
               | 2-month cycle halfway through the last one of the
               | 5-month. And of course, end of the year breaks the third
               | "5-month" cycle WAY early, just before even its first
               | 2-month is finished.
               | 
               | I won't try to detail the process of generating dates
               | from this here, but I'm sure most of us here can work it
               | out with just a little effort. Instead, here's a couple
               | more fun facts to consider:
               | 
               | If you DO start the calendar from March, counting it as
               | month 1, September (7) through December (10) map rather
               | nicely to their own numeric positions. That seems a
               | pretty strong hint, to me.
               | 
               | And I REALLY love this one:
               | 
               | The Gregorian cycle consists of four centuries. The first
               | three are 36,524 days each: 100 years x 365 days + 24
               | days for the leap years. The hundredth year (ending in
               | 00) is NOT considered a leap year, EXCEPT for every
               | FOURTH hundredth. So that's 4 centuries * 36,524 days =
               | 146,096, plus 1 more for the leap century, for 146,097.
               | 
               | That number is EXACTLY divisible by 7, which means the
               | week cycle repeats WITH the Gregorian one. Good thing!
               | Otherwise, we'd have to wait 2800 years!
        
               | madcaptenor wrote:
               | Zeller's congruence for the day of the week
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeller's_congruence)
               | exploits this:
               | 
               | - months are counted as 3, 4, 5, ..., 14, with 13 and 14
               | being January and February of the following year
               | 
               | - the contribution of the month to the day of the week is
               | floor(2.6 * (m+1)) - the 2.6 comes from the 13 "extra"
               | days (over the approximation 1 month = 4 weeks) in every
               | 5 months.
        
               | ComputerGuru wrote:
               | If the year is "born in the spring" then surely you would
               | want the year to start in the spring (if not the spring
               | equinox, then March) and not winter?
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | Of course, and -- if you were Roman, for instance -- you
               | could, for example, call the 8th month a name with "octo"
               | (Latin for "eight") in it, or the 10th month something
               | with "decem" (Latin for "ten").
        
             | QuercusMax wrote:
             | Positioning of the new year at the Equinox shouldn't be any
             | harder than doing it at the solstice (since equinoxes are
             | halfway between the solstices), and it makes much more
             | sense IMO. First half of the year: more day than night.
             | Second half of the year: more night than day.
        
             | alserio wrote:
             | didn't the julian/gregorian calendar started that way and
             | drifted?
        
               | krick wrote:
               | Of course not. Gregorian Calendar didn't drift, it just
               | fixed drift in Julian calendar, which was like a couple
               | of weeks by 1582. And "new year" in Julian calendar was
               | 1st of January, same as now. It was inherited from
               | previous Roman tradition, because Romans already had the
               | custom to mark 1st of January as a new year, because
               | since 153 BCE it was the date when consuls were
               | inaugurated. So it's an entirely political thing and
               | makes no real sense whatsoever. We are celebrating the
               | day of Roman consulate inauguration for more than 2000
               | years now.
               | 
               | And before that they they started years from 1st of
               | March, which is much closer to one of the Equinoxes,
               | which is what all sane people (including french
               | revolutionaries) consider to be the proper start of a
               | year.
        
               | alserio wrote:
               | very informative, thank you
        
             | Y_Y wrote:
             | Only if everyone is a peasant farmer with the same crops in
             | the same place. My activities are barely related to the
             | height of the sun in the sky, and like the other residents
             | of my city I don't take a ton of notice of harvest time.
             | Bus timetables and cultural festivals are a much bigger
             | deal (of which one in particular is indeed historically
             | related to a harvest).
        
               | jvanderbot wrote:
               | This "Day is 12 hours long" thing just doesn't work
               | anywhere else.
               | 
               | I live far from the equator - "Dawn" is sometimes after
               | breakfast, and "Dusk" can happen before I get off work.
        
               | jachee wrote:
               | As former Alaska resident, can confirm. December sunrises
               | are often after 10am, and sunsets before 4pm. Vice versa
               | in summer.
               | 
               | Then you get above the Arctic Circle, and there are days
               | with neither. :D
        
               | napoleongl wrote:
               | My first thought as well as a swede. And coincidentally
               | one of the things my old Kenyan classmate found the most
               | strange about Sweden was the fact that the length of day
               | was not even close to constant. That and when I explained
               | to him that the sun being up doesn't necessarily mean
               | warmer weather, in the winter it's practically takes the
               | temperature further from zero as sun means no warming
               | clouds...
        
           | TremendousJudge wrote:
           | Since it's pretty much on the Equator it makes a lot of sense
           | to keep time like that -- days and nights have the same
           | duration all year long. Such a system doesn't make sense for
           | places that have wide variations between seasons, unless you
           | also alter the length of the hours to match (which I think
           | was done at some point somewhere in Europe, but I can't find
           | any references)
        
             | xvedejas wrote:
             | Even on the equator, sunrise and sunset times will vary by
             | +/-15 minutes, because solar days are not of equal length.
             | But yeah, close enough for imprecise use.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_time
        
           | Maxamillion96 wrote:
           | Same with Somali. The first hour of daylight is hal saac
           | (Hour 1)
           | 
           | 7 AM is 1 Saac ( Hour 1)
           | 
           | 6 PM is 12 Saac ( Hour 12)
           | 
           | 7 PM is 1 Saac
           | 
           | 6 AM is 12 Saac
        
             | krick wrote:
             | > 7 AM is 1 Saac
             | 
             | > 7 PM is 1 Saac
             | 
             | How do you distinguish AM/PM? How does one say that
             | something will happen 19:00 specifically, and not 07:00?
        
           | bloppe wrote:
           | I would probably be a bit confused by the fact that 6pm is 13
           | hours after 5pm, but I'm assuming Swahili has better ways of
           | communicating time
        
             | mbrubeck wrote:
             | You already have to deal with the fact that 12pm is 13
             | hours after 11pm.
        
           | chgs wrote:
           | Everyone I work with in Kenya uses standard dates and times.
           | It's a requirement when you work internationally.
        
             | tobyjsullivan wrote:
             | Do they exclusively speak English as well?
        
               | borski wrote:
               | Many do, yes. And I'd suspect that's true for those the
               | parent commenter works with _in particular_.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | Intuitive is a synonym for "what one is used to", so I
           | believe you when you say that according to your intuition,
           | what you're accustomed to makes the most sense.
           | 
           | In a place with considerable skew in daylight hours between
           | the summer and the winter, this would be quite _unintuitive_
           | , because daylight hours would become longer (and night hours
           | shorter) during winter and spring, and the opposite for
           | summer and autumn.
           | 
           | Either that, or a fixed conventional notion of "dawn" which
           | only corresponds to the sun rising around the Equinoxes.
           | Either way would be unintuitive.
        
             | ar_lan wrote:
             | It's also incredibly condescending, at least the way they
             | wrote it.
        
           | technothrasher wrote:
           | Traditional Japanese timekeeping kind of did both. The "am"
           | and "pm" time periods started at midnight and noon, but the
           | clocks themselves started at dawn. The hours counted down
           | from hour 9 to hour 4 (they did not use 3-1). Each of the
           | hours was approximately two modern hours, but their
           | individual lengths changed every two weeks to keep the
           | periods aligned with the sun. The twelve hours on the linear
           | clock dials ran: 6,5,4,9,8,7,6,5,4,9,8,7 (and then a final 6
           | to match the first six, since it was a linear instead of
           | circular dial).
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | Thats almost as confusing as the Nautical Day. Where a day on
         | ship started at noon the "previous" day - with PM proceeding
         | AM.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nautical_time#Nautical_day
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | That's also how Julian days work, they go from noon to noon:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian_day
        
         | dudeinjapan wrote:
         | Wow, this is great! This is exactly how Ive thought times
         | should be done. Ive always called it "local sunrise time". All
         | the advantages of DST without the biannual spikes in traffic
         | fatalities.
        
         | prmph wrote:
         | Interesting. I propose that the transition between AM and PM
         | should happen right in the human-sensible middle of the day. If
         | most people start their daily activity around 6, and retire by
         | by 10pm, then the middle would be 14hrs.
         | 
         | This would also give a nice 3-part division to the day that
         | matches their use: 1st 8 hours for the morning, next 8 hours
         | for the afternoon, and the next 8 hours for evening/night.
         | Currently, morning alone is 12 hours, and afternoon is like 6
         | (or less) and the evening takes the rest.
         | 
         | But I guess the current noon time is chosen for when the sun is
         | highest in the sky, so maybe to preserve noon as the transition
         | point, morning should start from 4:00 hrs, then the afternoon
         | starts from 12:00 hours, and evening would start from 20:00
         | hours.
        
         | ucarion wrote:
         | Japan does something similar in the context of things that
         | close after midnight:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_and_time_notation_in_Japa...
         | 
         | FWIW, the English-speaking world used to switch years on March
         | 25:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendar_(New_Style)_Act_1750#...
         | 
         | Neither of these are technically things that tzdb can even talk
         | about. They're concerned with civil time, not calendars or
         | other "reckoning" problems.
        
       | squiggleblaz wrote:
       | I kind of thing a half hour daylight savings difference instead
       | of an hour is a pretty low bar for the weirdest timezone. Almost
       | any of the others are weirder: Antarctica/Troll definitely sounds
       | weirder. The Moroccan and Gazan timezones that can't be expressed
       | by the system as it was written because at least that means that
       | they have some different kind of a rule, even if lunar time is
       | well known. Same with the ones that are in Apple's naughty list
       | because they're transitions the day before some day - again, not
       | very weird, but at least it's weird enough to break things.
       | 
       | But I do agree with leap seconds: it's absolute trivia, not a
       | useful thing for a programmer to know. Your computer smears them
       | and you don't even know when they happened. You could completely
       | forget them. Except that countries transitioned from ignoring
       | leap seconds to considering them, so the switch in Australia from
       | "GMT+x" to "UTC+x" a couple of decades ago was the transition
       | from ignoring leap seconds to incorporating them. The fact that
       | this is almost universally ignored is probably for the better.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | _> But I do agree with leap seconds: it 's absolute trivia, not
         | a useful thing for a programmer to know._
         | 
         | By and large, I agree with this.
         | 
         | But I've always found it a bit funny when a large organisation
         | [1] says "our servers have sub-millisecond timing accuracy,
         | thanks to GPS synchronization and these PCIe rubidium atomic
         | clock cards we've developed" while at the same time saying [2]
         | "we smear leapseconds over the course of a day, in practice it
         | doesn't matter if a server's time is off by +-0.5 seconds"
         | 
         | [1] https://engineering.fb.com/2021/08/11/open-source/time-
         | appli... [2] https://engineering.fb.com/2020/03/18/production-
         | engineering...
        
           | growse wrote:
           | The thing that super accurate timestamps buys you is common
           | agreement across _your infrastructure_ as to what the time
           | is. This basically makes distributed systems work faster
           | /better/whatever.
           | 
           | The relation between that time and what the rest of the world
           | thinks the time is is actually less relevant.
        
           | knallfrosch wrote:
           | And then you validate against Microsoft's default `ClockSkew`
           | of 5 minutes.
        
           | zokier wrote:
           | I think the irony comes to full circle when you then use
           | `unsmear` library to reverse the leap smearing in ntp
           | 
           | https://github.com/google/unsmear
        
         | zarzavat wrote:
         | > even if lunar time is well known
         | 
         | The date of Ramadan is not well known because it's based on
         | being able to _see_ the moon from the local position on Earth.
         | If the sky is particularly overcast for instance, then you
         | cannot see the moon, regardless of where the moon is.
         | 
         | This presents problems for implementation of the calendar into
         | the workings of a nation state. Many countries that adopt the
         | Islamic calendar officially use an approximation, a pre-
         | calculated date based on the moon's predicted visibility at a
         | particular position.
         | 
         | The Islamic calendar is therefore not really one calendar, but
         | two: the observational Islamic calendar and the predicted
         | calendar, and both have a dependence on a location from which
         | either real observations are made, or predicted observations
         | are made.
         | 
         | I don't know how Morocco or Gaza do it.
        
           | pavel_lishin wrote:
           | > _The date of Ramadan is not well known because it 's based
           | on being able to see the moon from the local position on
           | Earth._
           | 
           | Note to self, look up what Islamic scholars think should be
           | done about Ramadan on a moon base.
        
             | umanwizard wrote:
             | Not quite a moon base, but for Muslims on the ISS:
             | 
             | > the Malaysian government called a gathering of 150
             | Islamic legal scholars, scientists, and astronauts to
             | create guidelines for Dr. Shukor. The scholars produced a
             | fatwa, or non-binding Islamic legal opinion, intended to
             | help future Muslim astronauts, which they translated into
             | both Arabic and English. They wrote that in order to pray,
             | Muslims in space should face Mecca if possible; but if not,
             | they could face the Earth generally, or just face
             | "wherever." To decide when to pray and fast during Ramadan,
             | the scholars wrote, Muslims should follow the time zone of
             | the place they left on Earth, which in Dr. Shukor's case
             | was Kazakhstan. To prostrate during prayer in zero gravity,
             | the scholars stated that the astronaut could make
             | appropriate motions with their head, or simply imagine the
             | common earthly motions.
             | 
             | I'm not an Islamic scholar (or a Muslim at all), so this is
             | just speculation, but my guess is that if it were a
             | permanent settlement, with people being born and living
             | their whole lives on the moon base (so "where they left
             | earth from" is not meaningful), they'd probably just settle
             | on one permanent Earth time zone to follow; presumably
             | either that of Mecca, or that of whatever country on Earth
             | (if any) owns the base.
        
               | pavel_lishin wrote:
               | Prayer and pointing to Mecca seems pretty simple on the
               | moon - but if Ramadan is based on when you can see the
               | moon, it seems that Ramadan would start as soon as the
               | person in charge walks by a window.
        
               | umanwizard wrote:
               | Yep! I think for that case the "follow the time zone of
               | some particular place on Earth" rule would apply.
        
               | vikingerik wrote:
               | Moon-dwelling Muslims would go by the phases of Earth, if
               | they wanted to match Earth timing but not rely on
               | communication with Earth. The Earth as seen from the Moon
               | exhibits the opposite phase as the reverse. Ramadan would
               | begin when the Moon-dweller sees the Earth as being just
               | past full. If you wanted, you could synch it with a
               | particular timezone on Earth, by watching for when that
               | location on Earth (Mecca or whatever) just rotated past
               | the terminator so it experienced sundown. (Of course none
               | of this can be directly observed if you're on the far
               | side.) (And I get your joke about seeing the moon when
               | you're on it; this is the practical alternative.)
        
         | Epa095 wrote:
         | > But I do agree with leap seconds: it's absolute trivia, not a
         | useful thing for a programmer to know.
         | 
         | Maybe, all I know is that it was relevant for me during the
         | first years in industry. If you work with timeseries which
         | comes from source systems you don't 100% controll, like in many
         | industrial settings, its important to know about them, and how
         | they are handled upstream. Do the source do smearing, or does
         | it just sync every X hours? Does it sync with NTP, which will
         | smear (slew) the change, or have they implemented their own
         | thing? Do they just run `ntpd -q` regularly?
         | 
         | But yeah, as I type it out I realize that most programmers
         | probably don't work in that domain:-p
        
         | jiri wrote:
         | Antarctica/Troll is not that weird. Really they use just two
         | times: Cape Town time during short summer and Norway time
         | otherwise. Unfortunately, Norway time happens to have DST ;-)
        
         | jdietrich wrote:
         | Leap seconds are generally trivia, but they become absolutely
         | crucial in applications where multiple parties must be in exact
         | agreement about chronology - the obvious example being
         | financial transactions. A lot of markets were closed for the
         | leap second and many banks still suspend all transactions
         | during any change of local time to mitigate the risk of error.
         | 
         | Even in applications where we don't particularly care, there
         | have been a surprisingly large number of leap second-related
         | bugs. CGPM have decided to abolish the leap second for good
         | reason.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leap_second#Other_reported_sof...
        
           | Tor3 wrote:
           | And when processing satellite data.. if you're not in
           | agreement of the time, that one second error results in a
           | ~7km geographical error for your typical polar orbit weather
           | satellite.
        
         | Izkata wrote:
         | > I kind of thing a half hour daylight savings difference
         | instead of an hour is a pretty low bar for the weirdest
         | timezone.
         | 
         | Especially when, even disregarding the ones with special rules,
         | there's a couple that are 45 minutes off.
        
         | madcaptenor wrote:
         | Came here looking for Troll - as far as I know it's the only
         | one to have _winter_ daylight savings time. Also it gets extra
         | points for the name.
        
       | floitsch wrote:
       | I implemented `DateTime` in Dart and Toit and wrote a blog post
       | about the things I noticed:
       | https://medium.com/@florian_32814/date-time-526a4f86badb
       | 
       | Timezones are fun...
        
       | trollied wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandringham_time was a crazy one
        
       | fouronnes3 wrote:
       | What I like about the tz database is that's it's technically a
       | diff of a diff. It stores the difference across history, of the
       | difference of each timezone with UTC. Right? So it's a diff^2.
       | But! The tz database gets updates! So those commits are diffs of
       | diffs of diffs, or diff^3.
       | 
       | Can we go further? You bet! It has a changelog, and that
       | changelog is stored in git, so commits to the tz changelog are
       | diff^4: they are changes to the list of changes to the list of
       | changes to the list of changes to UTC.
        
         | dalmo3 wrote:
         | You forgot that UTC (or timekeeping in general) itself is a
         | diff.
        
           | fouronnes3 wrote:
           | Oh that's a great point! We have achieved diff^5 at last!
           | 
           | Now that I think of it, we could even stretch it one more
           | level. In practice UTC is "realized" as a "best of" diff to
           | atomic clocks in labs around the world, which are themselves
           | diff against a fixed time point, as you pointed out. So that
           | realization technically changes when the official UTC
           | bulletin[1] is published by BIPM. So diff^6!
           | 
           | [1] https://www.bipm.org/en/time-metrology
        
             | hhdhdbdb wrote:
             | Can we bring relativity in for another diff :)
        
             | flippyhead wrote:
             | Yes, but, it's always 5 o'clock somewhere, amiriiight??
        
             | Yossarrian22 wrote:
             | Don't forget using GPS to get the time and tell you if
             | you've crossed time zones
        
               | gavindean90 wrote:
               | So would that be diff ^ 10?
        
         | Horffupolde wrote:
         | A diff of a diff is just 2 diff. It's not a product of diffs.
        
           | ninalanyon wrote:
           | Spoilsport!
        
             | Horffupolde wrote:
             | Just be rigorous with your words.
        
       | jiggawatts wrote:
       | Oh wow, what a coincidence, I was _just_ looking at Lord Howe
       | Island on a map of species conservation.
       | 
       | For anyone who doesn't know: Lord Howe Island is the _last true
       | paradise on Earth_.
       | 
       | I went there on holidays a few years back based on two travel
       | review recommendations. Both were by professional travellers that
       | had been to pretty much everywhere, and both said it's the _best
       | place they 've ever been_. The reasoning was that every other
       | tropical island has "something" wrong with it. Pushy locals
       | trying to sell you stuff, sharks in the water, malaria,
       | pollution, crime, poverty, or _something_.
       | 
       | Lord Howe is about as safe as it's possible to get, civilised
       | beyond belief, pristine, unpolluted, etc...
       | 
       | It's one of the last places in the world with undamaged,
       | unbleached coral reefs in protected waters. The diving there is
       | just unbelievable, more beautiful than any Planet Earth
       | documentary you've seen.
       | 
       | Birds nest on the beach, and you have to _step over them_ gently
       | because there 's thousands of them and the juveniles can't fly
       | yet.
       | 
       | I met the police officer of the island and pointedly asked him
       | when was the last time he had to deal with crime.
       | 
       | "Crime... _crime_... let 's see." he said, counting on his
       | fingers slowly "Umm... seven years ago there was a domestic
       | violence report because a tourist slapped his wife in an
       | argument."
       | 
       | The hotel doors have no locks. There's $500 in cash in a tin next
       | to a shack full of equipment on the beach with a "honesty system"
       | rental price list sign next to it. The bloke selling you coke
       | cans at the milk bar bought it with the $20 million he made in
       | the stock market. Half the tourists go there by private plane.
       | Ballmer's son took his super yacht there with a harem of models.
       | And on, and on.
       | 
       | If you ever get the opportunity to visit: GO!
        
         | ascorbic wrote:
         | > Half the tourists go there by private plane. Ballmer's son
         | took his super yacht there with a harem of models.
         | 
         | Sounds great apart from that bit.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | He's not there _all_ the time!
        
       | djaychela wrote:
       | Oddly was just reading something yesterday and it mentioned that
       | in the UK there were years during the war where we had double DST
       | for energy saving reasons. (although we went between 1 hour and 2
       | hours, so it was only really a change compared to the norm)
       | 
       | https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/the-extreme-daylight-s...
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | I don't really understand how that would save energy. Did
         | people work 7am-3pm days or something?
        
           | f1shy wrote:
           | It doesn't! That is why some countries want to leave one time
           | for the whole year. When lots of power were used by lighting,
           | it must have saved something...
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | The idea behind DST is that it shifts working hours into
           | daylight hours during the darker months. This would
           | theoretically cut down on energy use for lighting during
           | those hours.
           | 
           | Of course offices, factories and even schools still use
           | artificial lighting even during daylight hours. And now the
           | energy use of artificial lighting is much lower than back
           | when everything used filament.
        
             | shultays wrote:
             | Even ignoring the energy saving part, it sucks waking up
             | and leaving for work or school while it is still dark.
             | 
             | A while ago Turkey switched to a different timezone and
             | stopped doing DST for reasons and now everyone was waking
             | up one hour early in winters. Considering how bad traffic
             | is in larger cities that meant a lot of people will be
             | waking up and going to work or school while it is still
             | dark.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | I thought the main idea behind it is (or used to be) that
             | kids can go to and return from school in daylight.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | Yesterday in the UK, sunrise was about 7am and sunset was
           | about 4:40pm. Electricity demand peaked at about 5:30pm, in
           | the overlap between workplaces closing for the evening and
           | people returning home and turning everything on. There's a
           | straightforward case for either staying on BST (UTC+1)
           | throughout the year, or (as was the case during WWII) using
           | UTC+2 during summer and UTC+1 during winter, effectively
           | bringing the UK in line with CET/CEST.
           | 
           | The key factor in the war was the blackout - street lighting
           | was turned off for the duration and vehicle headlights were
           | mostly covered over, to avoid providing easy targets for
           | night bombing raids. This obviously hugely increased the
           | hazards posed by the early sunsets under GMT.
           | 
           | https://www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/uk
           | 
           | https://www.energydashboard.co.uk/live
           | 
           | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/articles/c0mznrv3jvmo
        
         | extraduder_ire wrote:
         | I thing, more helpfully, that would better sync up UK time with
         | time on much of the continent. Quite useful if you're doing a
         | lot of things internationally.
        
       | twelvechairs wrote:
       | Along with Kathmandu for weird offsets is Australian Central
       | Western Standard Time (UTC +8:45), used in a tiny area of
       | Australia with the largest town being Eucla (population 37).
       | Being mainly within Western Australia (which doesn't use daylight
       | savings) but partially within South Australia (which does use
       | daylight savings) there has also been informal use of UTC+9:45
       | 
       | Historically there was also Dublin mean time (UTC -00:25.21) and
       | Warsaw mean time (UTC+1:24)
        
         | ajdlinux wrote:
         | An interesting aspect of ACWST is that it has no legal status -
         | it's observed purely by local convention, though it's still
         | managed to make it into tzdata.
        
           | antisol wrote:
           | indeed! and not only is it in tzdata, there are signs on the
           | road telling you about it
        
       | LysPJ wrote:
       | > America/Nuuk does daylight savings at -01:00 (yes, with a
       | negative)
       | 
       | Somewhat related: Europe/Dublin has a negative DST offset. Irish
       | DST runs through the European winter (i.e. the opposite of the
       | other European timezones).
       | 
       | (More details here:
       | https://github.com/golang/go/issues/56743#issuecomment-13157... )
       | 
       | Edit: To be clear: the quote is referring to a negative DST
       | start, rather than a negative DST offset.
        
         | hnbad wrote:
         | I think you misread that. America/Nuuk doesn't have reverse DST
         | (which is easily solved by just switching DST and non-DST
         | around). It _starts_ DST at a negative offset because the
         | offset is defined as relative to the previous day.
        
           | LysPJ wrote:
           | Yes, this is indeed a different situation and my comment
           | doesn't make that clear. Thank for pointing that out. I've
           | made an edit.
        
         | extraduder_ire wrote:
         | In the github repo the article links, there is a large number
         | of comments about the Europe/Dublin time zone in the europe
         | file, including one quote from Ulysses:
         | https://github.com/eggert/tz/blob/7748036bace8562b9c047f368c...
        
       | bjoli wrote:
       | A friend of mine has been visiting places with weird time related
       | things going on, because it is interesting and takes you funny
       | places.
       | 
       | He has been to Lord Howe. Now I know why. He has a user account
       | on HN. I will ask him if he wants to make an appearance here...
        
         | dv35z wrote:
         | Please do! Announce his arrival using his favorite time zone,
         | and see if we can figure it out...
        
       | uludag wrote:
       | > Wrote a script in emacs lisp to calculate Ramadan
       | 
       | I found this pretty funny, but a spot on solution. The
       | solar/calendar features of Emacs are surprisingly robust and easy
       | to work with.
        
       | imrejonk wrote:
       | I find it slightly ironic that a blog that's educating (and
       | entertaining) us on time and timezones does not itself mention
       | when its blogposts were published, at least on mobile.
       | 
       | This one appears to have been published in the summer of 2024.
        
         | rozenmd wrote:
         | Seems like pretty timeless content to me.
        
           | tuoret wrote:
           | There's a couple of things that made me think the article was
           | way older than it actually is (and made me mildly irritated
           | that it doesn't include the publication date).
           | 
           | First off, the author starts off by talking about GMT and
           | goes on to educate the reader how UTC is actually the current
           | standard. Maybe it's just me but I thought this would be
           | common knowledge by now, while the author frames this as some
           | sort of a revelation.
           | 
           | Then there's the jab about The IERS breaking Wikipedia's css
           | which just doesn't seem to happen on the two devices I opened
           | it on, so I assumed that was the case prior to Wikipedia's
           | redesign.
           | 
           | Minor things for sure, and the content itself is pretty
           | timeless (heh).
        
             | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
             | Leap seconds are also set to be removed eventually. UTC
             | will become UT1 with a fixed offset, at least until enough
             | seconds add up for the BIPM to care about the offset and
             | insert a leap minute or hour or something TBD.
        
               | zokier wrote:
               | > UTC will become UT1 with a fixed offset
               | 
               | I'm not sure what you mean, but this sounds wrong. The
               | whole thing about leap second abolishment is to
               | effectively disconnect UTC from UT1, i.e. allow DUT1 to
               | grow unbounded and make UTC a fixed offset of TAI.
        
         | AStonesThrow wrote:
         | While there's no explicit publication date, there are a few
         | shell commands which strongly imply that the blogger was
         | writing on or about "Tue Jul 30 23:52:11 UTC 2024".
        
         | FateOfNations wrote:
         | For a while (currently?) there was SEO "wisdom" going around
         | about not putting dates on content so that search engines would
         | treat the content as "evergreen" rather than "stale".
        
         | ajdlinux wrote:
         | > This one appears to have been published in the summer of
         | 2024.
         | 
         | "Summer" in certain parts of the world, at least.
        
           | imrejonk wrote:
           | Sharp!
        
         | Gormo wrote:
         | I figured I'd check the RSS feed to see the timestamp there,
         | only to discover that this "blog" doesn't even have a feed!
        
         | ucarion wrote:
         | Thanks! The irony is not missed on me. I think I have the dates
         | internally in the article metadata, just didn't set up my Hugo
         | templates to display it. TODO!
        
           | imrejonk wrote:
           | Ah, so it wasn't some SEO trick (see your sibling comment)
           | after all :)
           | 
           | Thanks for the fun and informative blog post!
        
       | alexjplant wrote:
       | Earlier this year I had to write a function to find the current
       | local time given a US address. The naive way to do so would be
       | via a static mapping of state to time zone but there are a few
       | edge cases that preclude doing this; in the interest of cost and
       | speed relative to this specific application I spent a few dollars
       | on a CSV that maps every US ZIP code to UTC offset and whether
       | DST is followed (among other data). pytz takes IANA timezone
       | names so I ended up having to map offset and DST info manually to
       | specific timezones. As it turns out the US has a fair number of
       | weird edge cases for overseas territories and military bases that
       | necessitated the use of things like "Etc" zones [1] that have
       | funky semantics (because of Unix for some reason if Wikipedia is
       | to be believed).
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database#Area
        
         | koliber wrote:
         | A good approach would be to map a zip code to the named
         | timezone (e.g. US/Eastern). Then, if you need to produce the
         | UTC offset, apply the timezone to a date using pytz and get the
         | offset.
         | 
         | The named timezone is special as it is constant. The UTC offset
         | timezone (e.g. "-05:00") and the shorthand name (e.g. "EST") is
         | NOT constant over time for a given location, because of
         | daylight savings time. "US/Eastern" flips between "-05:00" and
         | "-05:00", as well as between "EDT" and "EST".
         | 
         | If you ask someone what their timezone is and offer them
         | offsets or the short names, it causes confusion for everyone.
        
         | hocuspocus wrote:
         | > The naive way to do so would be via a static mapping of state
         | to time zone but there are a few edge cases that preclude doing
         | this
         | 
         | More than a few, state is really the wrong resolution here, US
         | timezones follow counties and native reservations borders.
         | 
         | ZIP codes should probably be good enough but I'd be careful
         | too. If your volume of addresses isn't too crazy, the robust
         | way is to reverse geocode them and use a library that gets you
         | the IANA identifier from timezone shapes.
         | 
         | https://github.com/RomanIakovlev/timeshape is maintained by a
         | former coworker who could open source some of the work we did
         | internally.
        
           | apelapan wrote:
           | There used to be at least one airport in a tribal area in the
           | US, that had the timezone of the reservation (not same as
           | state) but the DST of the surrounding state (not same as
           | reservation).
           | 
           | Can't remember the code for it now, had a lot of interesting
           | timezone issues in a previous job.
        
             | kstrauser wrote:
             | IIRC you crossed 6 time borders in 30 miles if you flew the
             | right straight line across it.
        
             | foobarchu wrote:
             | My favorite is the hopi reservation, which does not observe
             | DST and exists entirely inside of the Navajo reservation,
             | which does observe it, and which exists entirely within
             | Arizona, which again does not observe DST, and exists
             | entirely within the United States which does observe DST in
             | the general case.
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | > state is really the wrong resolution here, US timezones
           | follow counties
           | 
           | County is the smallest resolution one can reasonably use, but
           | in terms of what timezones themselves follow, that would be
           | metro areas. I.E. the Chicago metro area has its timezone and
           | cities (or counties, if you will) that are part of that metro
           | region, even when belonging to other states that largely
           | follow a different time zone, follow the metropolis' tz
           | instead.
           | 
           | (Not arguing with you but clarifying the meaning of "follow"
           | here.)
        
         | seoulbigchris wrote:
         | As a young engineer right out of university back in 1985, one
         | of my early tasks involved merging together a bunch of
         | telemetry data provided on mag tapes recorded at different
         | radar sites (in the USA). One or two of the systems time
         | stamped their data in local time, and all the others used UTC.
         | I remember buying one of those old Farmers' Almanacs in order
         | to make an algorithm to account for DST. When I read the rules,
         | I threw up my arms in despair.
         | 
         | The almanac gave nominal rules for the transitions. But there
         | was a footnote explaining that these transitions had and will
         | continue to be adjusted year to year due to Congressional
         | intervention. I showed this to my boss and said, "If I could
         | write an algorithm that predicted future votes of Congress, I
         | would be a billionaire and could quit this engineering job."
         | 
         | I think in the end I coded the algorithm with the recent known
         | transitions, and the nominal rules for future ones. What else
         | could you do (this was before everyone was networked, and the
         | code ran on standalone computers like a VAX).
         | 
         | I also learned that task of merging three sources of tracking
         | data, each with its own validity and measurement degradation
         | status, was an absolute nightmare. But still easier than
         | predicting future actions of Congress.
        
           | TheNewsIsHere wrote:
           | This is a fantastic story, well and amusingly told.
        
         | gorkish wrote:
         | I see you too have wrestled with GreatData's time zone data
         | being hot garbage. Been that way for decades.
        
       | __alexs wrote:
       | I think the old Riyadh timezone is the weirdest personally
       | https://github.com/eggert/tz/blob/be62d5918223b4df209cc94163...
        
         | NelsonMinar wrote:
         | agreed. From pytz's docs: "the intention was to set sunset to
         | 0:00 local time, the start of the Islamic day. In the best case
         | caused the DST offset to change daily and worst case caused the
         | DST offset to change each instant depending on how you
         | interpreted the ruling"
        
         | ucarion wrote:
         | If you go by the wtf-ness of the comments on a tz, Asia/Riyadh
         | has gotta be up there. But contemporarily it behaves as
         | `<+03>-3`, which is vanilla.
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | The Japanese calendar has always been the most fascinating
       | date/time thing for me:
       | 
       | https://devblogs.microsoft.com/dotnet/handling-a-new-era-in-...
        
       | bradley13 wrote:
       | Hard-coded yearly transitions for a particular region, because
       | they just have to have their own, special rules? Transitioning to
       | DST on Sunday at -01:00 (minus one o'clock)? Or at 24:00?
       | 
       | Honestly, the IT world has a certain amount of influence. There
       | comes a time where we could collectively just say "no". No, you
       | are not that special, use any of the already incredibly flexible
       | options that you have.
        
         | magnio wrote:
         | > There comes a time where we could collectively just say "no"
         | 
         | Well, C23 mandates a byte is 8 bits, and POSIX 2024 disallows
         | newlines in filename, so we do exercise that right times to
         | times.
        
         | growse wrote:
         | I think you've got who's serving whom the wrong way round.
        
       | szemy2 wrote:
       | > With a "designator" time that doesn't mean much
       | 
       | This might not 'mean much' to the computer, but it means a lot to
       | the human. The computer uses it to communicate with the human and
       | the humans between each other. When I arrange a meeting across
       | timezones I will say CET 16.00 or ET3.00PM and they will
       | understand it faster than saying how much offset we are from UCT.
        
       | jamiehall wrote:
       | > Btw it's called UTC (Universal Time Coordinated? huh?) because
       | the same folks who publish UTC also publish UT1, which is UTC
       | sans the leap seconds.
       | 
       | I'm not sure that's right! According to legend among metrologists
       | I've talked to, "UTC" was chosen as a compromise candidate: it
       | makes sense as an acronym in neither English nor French.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | So like ISO, then.
         | 
         | Which is not an acronym, btw, it's just styled in all caps, and
         | is to be pronounced "iso" rather than "eye-ess-oh".
        
       | nokeya wrote:
       | I always say that timezones and font rendering are the most
       | sucking problems that developer can encounter. Both have a ton of
       | weird quirks, both implemented differently across various target
       | devices/OSes and require a lot of time and effort to implement
       | reasonably right.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I've found the best way to deal with TZ conversions, is to use
       | UTC as a common fulcrum.
       | 
       | I convert the target TZ to UTC, using my local utility, then use
       | my local TZ utility to convert from UTC to local.
       | 
       | But I write iOS software, so I have very solid local tools at
       | hand. It might be more problematic, on, say, a webserver.
       | 
       | On a related note, I wrote this utility[0], some time ago. It
       | uses the TZ map from the TZ Boundary Builder project[1].
       | 
       | [0] https://github.com/LittleGreenViper/LGV_TZ_Lookup
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/evansiroky/timezone-boundary-builder
        
         | klysm wrote:
         | UTC is generally a good idea for storing, but there are still
         | some ways to have that bite you. If a user enters a local date
         | time for a future event in a particular time zone, converting
         | that to UTC could result in incorrect behavior if the timezone
         | definition changes. It depends on if the user meant that UTC
         | time or if they meant the local time.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | That's why I do it at the time the query is made. I don't
           | ever store UTC.
        
           | bmicraft wrote:
           | > if the timezone definition changes
           | 
           | Or if DST kicks in/out. No need to have the definitions
           | change.
        
             | klysm wrote:
             | Depends on how naive the conversion is. If you consider DST
             | while making the conversion that's not really a problem
        
           | Ndymium wrote:
           | It can also cause trouble if you store past events but do not
           | store the user's local offset or timezone at the time of the
           | event. If you aggregate these events later into a dataset of
           | "events by hour", they may be grouped wrong (from a user's
           | perspective) if you convert them all to the user's _current_
           | timezone.
        
         | ajanuary wrote:
         | You need to be careful with some circumstances. I recently had
         | to fix up a case where someone had tried this with a recurring
         | local date. Something needed to happen at 4am local time every
         | day. They had converted 4am local time to UTC based on the
         | timezone offset on the day the config was saved. This then
         | restored incorrectly when the timezone offset changed because
         | e.g. a DST transition.
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | Well, I guess I should have written in the OP, that I do both
           | conversions _at the time of the query_. It 's useless to try
           | storing the UTC. It needs to be JIT.
        
       | tankenmate wrote:
       | "Running cron jobs on an hourly basis doesn't in practice have
       | very weird interactions with DST"
       | 
       | Of course every sane person runs their default system clock on
       | UTC and lets users pick their own local time. That way cron
       | always does the "right thing"(TM).
        
         | rubenv wrote:
         | That's true if you need to clean up temporary files every night
         | or make a backup.
         | 
         | But what if your cronjob has an effect in the physical world,
         | locally? E.g. open the parking gates every morning.
         | 
         | The world is inherently messy :-)
        
           | roryirvine wrote:
           | That sort of thing would be best handled by your own user's
           | crontab, so would naturally inherit that user's TZ.
           | 
           | If you must run it as root, you can specify a CRON_TZ
           | variable on a per-file basis, which will override the
           | default.
        
           | tankenmate wrote:
           | Well assuming that the gates don't move timezones. But
           | obviously jobs that need to run for a given timezone should
           | be configured to run in that timezone.
        
             | cube00 wrote:
             | Unless the gates need to open at 2:30am and in the case of
             | daylight savings time that hour is skipped.
        
               | tankenmate wrote:
               | Not if that cron file (you can have multiple cron files
               | per user/system) is configured to run in the local
               | timezone.
        
               | sib wrote:
               | But then wouldn't the job run twice when time "falls
               | back"?
        
               | tankenmate wrote:
               | no, it would run either twice at the "same time" as it is
               | read out, but obviously 60 minutes apart time duration
               | wise; but this can't be helped as this time "existed"
               | twice in that time zone. Or conversely in spring that
               | time wouldn't happen at all, but the cron job will still
               | run 60 minutes apart time duration wise. But this is the
               | downside of local time, just make sure if you want to
               | open a door at 01:30 local time that that is what you
               | really want, because the unintended consequences could be
               | a bit strange.
        
           | cesarb wrote:
           | > That's true if you need to clean up temporary files every
           | night or make a backup.
           | 
           | Making a backup is usually reserved for the quietest hours of
           | the morning, so that it does not compete as much for
           | resources with the normal operation of the system; in my
           | experience, the quietest hour is usually around 4:00 local
           | time.
        
         | sgarland wrote:
         | Tangentially, Debian's vixie-cron did / does handle DST, but it
         | did not handle TZ changes [0], as I discovered.
         | 
         | [0]: https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=1019716
        
       | vander_elst wrote:
       | I still hope that someday the whole world will run on UTC0 and
       | there is no more time zones madness. I know the day will likely
       | never come but I like to keep dreaming.
        
         | sethammons wrote:
         | Some dates will change when at relatively strange times. For
         | some, the date change will be two hours into the workday. That
         | seems odd. And you lose some info too: if I want a 07:30 (am)
         | meeting, is that during the working hours of my target
         | location? With offsets, I can see that it is 12:30pm at my
         | target location and know that I am scheduling over lunch very
         | likely. With no timezones, how do I know what time of day it is
         | there? Recall some anchor time and do mental math each time?
         | "Morning in London is 13:00, so four hours later right before
         | lunch is 17:00, and for an LA meeting, let's see, morning there
         | is 05:00, so 17:00 is evening time, I think
        
           | vander_elst wrote:
           | > the date change will be two hours into the workday. That
           | seems odd
           | 
           | Seconds minutes and hours can change but the day cannot?
           | 
           | > mental math each time
           | 
           | Usually meetings are setup using an app and shared calendars
           | should actually help here, a person can have meeting slots
           | and out of office time, that should provide the same info.
           | logistically I don't see that much of a difference from the
           | current situation
        
             | iggldiggl wrote:
             | > Seconds minutes and hours can change but the day cannot?
             | 
             | The calendar day being aligned to the sleep/wake cycle and
             | changing when most of the population is either asleep or at
             | least might not terribly care about the actual date does
             | help quite a bit.
             | 
             | > Usually meetings are setup using an app and shared
             | calendars should actually help here, a person can have
             | meeting slots and out of office time, that should provide
             | the same info. logistically I don't see that much of a
             | difference from the current situation
             | 
             | It'd also wreck any time references in any kinds of stories
             | that aren't consumed locally. So every time I
             | read/watch/listen to a story that isn't set where I live,
             | I'd first have to look up the local time to make sense of
             | any time references.
        
         | hypeatei wrote:
         | I'd rather timezones be split based on actual logic rather than
         | politics and eliminate things like daylight savings. It's
         | insane to me that China has one timezone because they felt like
         | it. People must sleep terribly in certain regions.
        
           | marcthe12 wrote:
           | Yep. And the logic can be made very easy. Outside polar
           | regions or outer space, timezone could simply be the
           | longitude/15 degrees rounded to a constant fraction. This is
           | not perfect as cities maybe in 2 time zones but this
           | basically a really good approximation.
        
       | stevage wrote:
       | This is awesome - I have always kind of wondered how this stuff
       | was implemented, but never looked it up.
        
       | azernik wrote:
       | The "Asia/Jerusalem" weirdness is because Daylight Savings Time
       | is a big church-and-state issue. Religious people want the
       | workday to be convenient for holidays that start at sunset.
       | 
       | This led to decades (up to the mid-'00s) where Daylight Savings
       | was the result of annual negotiations between religious and
       | secular parties. It often caused problems when the decision
       | wasn't made until juuuust before the transition date.
       | 
       | There are still exceptions built in to prevent Daylight Savings
       | from ending on Rosh HaShanah, so that's probably the future
       | stuff.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | Reading this, and considering the limited advantages of DST
         | (especially for a country that is relatively far to the south),
         | I wonder why they didn't decide to scrap DST completely? Maybe
         | they will if the EU eventually manages to do it?
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | If they didn't have that to argue about, what else would they
           | do with their spare time?
        
           | maratc wrote:
           | I would argue that DST actually makes most sense in 30-40
           | degrees of latitude.
           | 
           | With about 13 hours of sunlight in the summer, split evenly
           | around the mid-day, it comes down to 05h30 to 18h30 under
           | light. There are many more people who would be out there to
           | enjoy the sunlight between 18h30 and 19h30 than there are
           | between 05h30 and 06h30.
        
             | bena wrote:
             | I really dislike this argument of "I'd rather enjoy the sun
             | in the evening than in the morning" ignoring all of the
             | other problems it causes.
             | 
             | Sunlight in the morning is _useful_. It 's better for your
             | sleep rhythms. It's safer for school children, etc.
             | 
             | And to be completely fair, I don't see that many more
             | people "enjoying the sunlight" during the weekend when they
             | have the entire day to do so. Like, what is the sun going
             | down at 6 _really_ preventing you from doing that you
             | couldn 't do otherwise?
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | > I really dislike this argument of "I'd rather enjoy the
               | sun in the evening than in the morning"
               | 
               | My argument is not "I'd rather enjoy the sun in the
               | evening than in the morning", my argument is "From what I
               | can observe, most people would prefer an hour of sunlight
               | at the end of the day rather than in its beginning". This
               | is not about what _I_ think, it 's about what _most
               | people_ think.                 > what is the sun going
               | down at 6 really preventing you from doing
               | 
               | Again, my observation is that _most people_ , given a
               | choice of A. having sunlight between 5am and 6am; or B.
               | having sunlight between 6pm and 7pm, would prefer option
               | B, simply for the reason that more are awake during that
               | time.
        
               | bena wrote:
               | Did you take a poll, or do you just have the feeling that
               | that is the case? Not to mention, it's a bit weaselly. It
               | offsets the burden of defending the position to "most
               | people".
               | 
               | And it doesn't even matter what "most people" think.
               | "Most people" in this case, would be wrong. Even if it
               | were "most people" and not "most people whose opinions
               | you've happened to remember on the subject because they
               | happen to align with yours".
               | 
               | And it's going to get darker earlier in winter. That's
               | just what it does. People are really just lamenting the
               | lack of daylight hours in general. Because during the
               | winter, few places have sunlight during 6pm and 7pm even
               | if we kept DST year round. What they say they want is
               | sunlight between 5pm and 6pm. And after the clocks roll
               | back, it'll start getting dark soon after 5.
               | 
               | And once again, I ask, for what? Having the sun rise just
               | after 6am is better for everyone. School kids waiting for
               | the bus are safer, kids walking to school way safer.
               | Better driving when you're waking up. Everything is more
               | in line with your circadian rhythms, etc.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | > _It offsets the burden of defending the position to
               | "most people"._
               | 
               | Decisions where the only effect is to align something
               | arbitrary with people's preferences can only be made
               | through appeal to the majority.
               | 
               | > _And it doesn 't even matter what "most people" think._
               | 
               | Yes. Yes it does.
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | > And it's going to get darker earlier in winter.
               | 
               | It's summer we're talking about when we talk about DST.
               | There's no DST in the winter.                  > School
               | kids waiting for the bus are safer, kids walking to
               | school way safer.
               | 
               | For several months in the summer, the schools are closed.
               | Other months during DST, the schools start at 08h00 and
               | the vast majority of the kids wake up about seven-ish, to
               | leave their house at about 07h30. It is inconsequential
               | for the kids whether the sun has risen at 06h30 or at
               | 05h30 that day; when they wake up, there's light outside
               | anyway.
               | 
               | For the rest, let me give you an analogy. For several
               | months this coming summer, I am going to give out an hour
               | of free internet[0] each day. This won't interfere with
               | the (paid) one that people are having otherwise. I'm not
               | going to ask the question "would _you_ prefer this hour
               | to be between 05h30 and 06h30, or between 18h30 and
               | 19h30? " but I am going to ask this question instead:
               | What would the majority prefer, in your opinion?
               | 
               | [0] - any useful utility can be substituted: free hour of
               | water, free hour of electricity, etc.
        
               | alwayslikethis wrote:
               | Yeah. DST really boils down to tricking people to wake up
               | earlier. But you can get all that sunshine by waking up
               | earlier yourself at 5am. No need to force an awkward
               | schedule change on everyone.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | The EU likely won't scrap it, because the CET countries want
           | to stay in a common time zone (no new time zone borders) for
           | economic reasons, but either the very Eastern or very Western
           | ones in that range would object to permanent DST or permanent
           | non-DST, because it would move them too far from the solar
           | day either in winter or summer. It can't be fixed without one
           | country or another getting the short stick, which means it
           | won't be fixed.
        
             | yyyfb wrote:
             | If the continental US can do it (and it looks like it might
             | soon, with California voting for it) I'm not sure I buy
             | that argument. Heck if China can survive on one timezone...
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | They certainly could if they had started that way, but
               | changing it now will disadvantage at least one of the
               | countries (Spain for example), and those countries'
               | politicians don't want to risk the ire of their voters
               | for the greater good. And DST is regulated on the EU
               | level, so can't be changed by individual EU members
               | without breaking EU law, like apparently individual US
               | states can.
               | 
               | It's status quo bias and loss aversion. Similar to how it
               | would be better for the US to change their voting system,
               | but it will never happen because it would disfavor one of
               | the political parties who'd have to approve the change.
        
               | ascorbic wrote:
               | Spain should take the opportunity to move to WET like
               | Portugal
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | They have more economic relations with the rest of the
               | CET countries combined, so it's more beneficial to stay
               | in the same time zone.
        
             | Navarr wrote:
             | US is the same way; my hot take has always been "time to
             | move to a -/+ 30 minute timezone"
        
         | RegnisGnaw wrote:
         | There is no more exceptions, IDT got extended to last Sunday of
         | October in 2013.
        
           | azernik wrote:
           | Huzzah, at last!
        
           | ars wrote:
           | According to Wikipedia: "If the end of IDT falls on Rosh
           | Hashana, then IDT will end on the first Monday after October
           | 1."
        
         | ars wrote:
         | It's because of Passover: The Seder (main celebratory meal)
         | lasts till midnight and later, and it's a very big deal for
         | children.
         | 
         | So they don't want Daylight Savings Time to make it end even
         | later than it already does.
         | 
         | It's also because of the fast day of Yom Kippur - people wanted
         | the faster to end 1 hour earlier.
         | 
         | So they wanted DST to match up to those days - but that made
         | the DST period too short, and led to the negotiations.
        
       | entuno wrote:
       | The time zone in Palestine is a bit weird as well:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_the_State_of_Palestine
       | 
       | They have DST, but it's not on fixed dates, the government just
       | announces each year when it's going to start and end. Sometimes
       | with less that a week's notice, which must cause all kinds of
       | interesting problems for people.
        
         | yokoprime wrote:
         | Without getting deep into politics I don't understand why they
         | would prioritize spending effort on DST at all, seems like
         | there are plenty of other concerns.
        
           | DoughnutHole wrote:
           | If your life is dominated by an us vs them dynamic small
           | demonstrations of difference become hugely important.
           | 
           | In a similar vein different people in Xinjiang in China
           | observe entirely different timezones - Han Chinese observe
           | Beijing time (because China is insane and uses one timezone
           | despite spanning 5), while Uyghurs observe a local time 2
           | hours behind.
           | 
           | It's a small show of resistance, which is sometimes all a
           | people have if they have limited control of their own
           | affairs.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | Again, without wanting to get too political, I think it's
           | essentially bikeshedding. The Palestinian National Authority
           | is riven with factional conflicts and has very limited state
           | capacity. That almost inevitably leads to a lot of bickering
           | over largely irrelevant decisions as a symbolic but hollow
           | demonstration of political authority. The ability to make the
           | decision takes on an importance completely out of proportion
           | with the actual significance of the decision.
        
           | grotorea wrote:
           | I don't see why announcing DST would be a big effort. And it
           | saves on electricity costs.
        
             | macspoofing wrote:
             | Announcing is not a big effort. Having millions of people,
             | and thousands of companies (in the territory and outside
             | the territory) adjusting to the announcement is a big
             | effort. If you're going to have DST, you want it to be
             | stable and predictable so that people can plan for it.
        
             | Kwpolska wrote:
             | Even if DST did save something (it does not), it becomes a
             | problem when your timekeeping is done by computers. My
             | computers know I live in Poland (Europe/Warsaw), and they
             | know the DST rules. I can trust the time on my computers'
             | clock matches the official time the government recognizes.
             | 
             | In Palestine, this depends on my OS vendor managing to
             | update the tz database in the short window before the
             | official announcement and the decision coming into force.
             | (I believe the tz database makes some assumptions based on
             | past performance, but the government can change their mind
             | any year.) If my OS does not update, I need to change my
             | time zone manually to something that has the right UTC
             | offset, and then I need to manually change back in the
             | autumn, and I can never be 100% sure if any given computer
             | shows the official time.
        
           | FateOfNations wrote:
           | Most of the population there is interested in those dates for
           | non-DST-related reasons. They will want to know when Ramadan
           | begins and ends, regardless of whether it's used to determine
           | DST.
        
           | ComputerGuru wrote:
           | You (and everyone else opining here) are missing the
           | practical context: DST makes Ramadan easier, because the sun
           | sets an hour earlier. Yes, you are fasting the same number of
           | hours, but your day "starts" at a point fixed to the TZ-
           | adjusted clock and the sooner sunset arrives, the shorter
           | your effective day.
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | Not sure if true today, but used to be the case in Brazil too.
         | Once almost missed a flight because of that.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | Brazil doesn't have DST anymore. And when it had, it used to
           | be announced with 6 months of antecedence. It also had
           | "standard" dates that were almost always used.
           | 
           | If your comment was about the 2019 change that almost all
           | computers got wrong, this one was announced with 6 months of
           | antecedence like most others.
        
         | arrowsmith wrote:
         | This is mentioned in the article.
        
         | karel-3d wrote:
         | It's in the actual article. It's tied to Ramadan.
        
         | xd1936 wrote:
         | Which leads to an interesting phenomenon where two people
         | living in the same physical place might observe two different
         | current times depending on how they identify ethnically and
         | geopolitically. Israeli and Palestinian daylight savings times
         | don't necessarily begin or end on the same day.
        
       | dfc wrote:
       | Does anyone understand what was meant by _" This is because
       | almost every standard (except ISO8601, whatever) is just a file,
       | and you can read it."_ Initially I thought it was because the PDF
       | of ISO-8601 is not a file commonly distributed with operating
       | system. But that's not unique to ISO8601, you won't find IEEE
       | 1588-2019 or NMEA 0183 v4.11 on your computer either. For ~20$ I
       | think I can buy a PDF of the standard from ISO. Is there
       | something special about ISO8601 that is not contained in the
       | standard?
        
         | NeoTar wrote:
         | Possibly joking about the .iso file-type for optical disc
         | images?
         | 
         | Or maybe that 'most' ISO standards that are encountered by
         | engineers are defining file-types.
         | 
         | I'm also a big fan of ISO-3166 though !
        
         | sundarurfriend wrote:
         | I believe the IEEE and others also would come under the
         | exceptions to the "almost" - anything you'd have to make a
         | special effort to seek out and purchase.
         | 
         | > Don't let people bully you into thinking that just because
         | something is complicated, it's impossible. > This is because
         | almost every standard (except ISO8601, whatever) is just a
         | file, and you can read it.
         | 
         | In context, (my interpretation is that) "standard" includes
         | things like The Time Zone Information Format [1], the GNU docs
         | about TZ [2], etc. I think the idea is to say "the documents
         | laying out the details of complicated things are still just
         | documents, you can read them if you're interested and don't
         | have to just see them as meant of domain experts. Some of them
         | have barriers to access like the ISO documents, but even
         | excepting those you have direct access to most everything you
         | might want to understand, don't let the idea of _standards_
         | intimidate you. "
         | 
         | [1] https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8536.html [2]
         | https://www.gnu.org/software/libc/manual/html_node/TZ-Variab...
        
         | lozf wrote:
         | > For ~20$ I think I can buy a PDF of the standard from ISO.
         | 
         | You might find most standards for ~20 USD, but ISO8601 direct
         | from iso.org will set you back 173 CHF (~200 USD) for part 11,
         | 194 CHF (~220 USD) for part 22. For $20 you get only the latest
         | amendments from them.
         | 
         | Meanwhile the Estonians will gladly sell you their version of
         | part 1 for just under 30 USD.3
         | 
         | 1: https://www.iso.org/standard/70907.html
         | 
         | 2: https://www.iso.org/standard/70908.html
         | 
         | 3: https://www.evs.ee/en/evs-iso-8601-1-2019
        
           | dfc wrote:
           | Thank you. I was a little surprised by the price but I guess
           | I naively hoped it was a change of heart from big standards.
        
       | aleksi wrote:
       | The most interesting timezone I ever encountered is Europe/Moscow
       | on and around January 1, 1900. If you decide to use that date as
       | a zero date in your code (for example, to handle the transition
       | from two digits per year), you will be in a lot of pain: the
       | offset was +02:30:17. Yes, with 17 seconds! Demo:
       | https://go.dev/play/p/lq36Plr1sIL
        
         | iso8859-1 wrote:
         | The tzdb assumes Local Mean Time (LMT) was used all over. For
         | example, the tzdb has Africa/Monrovia still using LMT in 1970.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_mean_time
        
       | Kwpolska wrote:
       | > Yeah, this stuff is weird, but only finitely so, because
       | ultimately a computer's gotta implement them
       | 
       | Historic data can be recorded. Rules like "last Sunday in
       | October" or "first day of Ramadan" can be implemented and handled
       | automatically (even if the current Unix implementations don't do
       | non-Gregorian calendars out-of-the-box). But there can be time
       | zones whose DST rules are "if the groundhog sees its shadow, we
       | start DST two weeks later, otherwise, there is no DST this year".
       | Some countries actually implement this, except the groundhog is
       | replaced by your friendly local regime.
        
       | bdmatatu wrote:
       | > It's not like programming languages support representing
       | 61-second minutes anyway
       | 
       | Raku supports leap seconds. see
       | https://docs.raku.org/type/Instant
        
       | gausswho wrote:
       | Excellent read around the acrobatics of timezone software. It
       | really is quite flexible.
       | 
       | It leads me to wonder. If it's all just an automated and finite
       | offset, there's no reason for daylight savings policies to hew to
       | 60 minutes adjustments.
       | 
       | Couldn't a nation decide to have a continuously changing offset
       | throughout the year? It might make their offset lookup table
       | substantially longer, but this could 'solve' daylight savings
       | time It'd be adjusting all the time and you wouldn't notice, just
       | you don't notice when leap seconds occur.
       | 
       | Those who rely on analog clocks might no longer adjust the same
       | direction each time!
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Please don't give them any ideas.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | India is UYC+5:30, and doesn't do daylights savings time, which
         | is interesting for interacting with the rest of the world. Of
         | course, China famously has one time zone despite being really
         | wide which makes things interesting both internally and
         | externally.
        
           | em500 wrote:
           | Most of the world doesn't do DST either[1], nowadays it's
           | mostly a European/American thing.
           | 
           | [1] See the map at https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_sav
           | ing_time_by_countr...
        
         | Gormo wrote:
         | The logical conclusion of going down that route would be to
         | dispense with the concept of time zones altogether, and just
         | revert to using local solar time.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Which would make scheduling Zoom meetings or even just phone
           | calls hell.
           | 
           | Especially when everyone's half-hour blocks are misaligned
           | with each other's so you can't even stack meetings
           | efficiently.
        
             | iggldiggl wrote:
             | And public transport timetables, which were the original
             | reason timezones were introduced in the first place.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | This is why I think we should entirely ditch the concept
               | of timezones. Clock time, as we use it, is largely
               | decoupled from solar time anyway, and all attempts to
               | reconcile the two just lead to confusion.
               | 
               | We already have terms a few terms to tie events to solar
               | time, for example, a park being open from dawn to dusk.
               | And without time zones, we might come up with a few more.
        
         | PopAlongKid wrote:
         | > If it's all just an automated and finite offset, there's no
         | reason for daylight savings policies to hew to 60 minutes
         | adjustments.
         | 
         | For as long as clock sync for electronic devices has been
         | common, I have suggested to anyone who would listen that we
         | should adjust forward 10 minutes on the first Sunday of each
         | month for six months, and then back 10 minutes on the first
         | Sunday of the other six months. A ten minute change once a
         | month is not only easier to adjust to (almost unoticeable), but
         | if you miss it, it's not as big a deal as being off by an hour
         | would be.
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | Moving up and down at a linear rate would result in a saw-
           | tooth-like wave, but the length of days change in a sine
           | wave. Why not have the clocks sync themselves to sunrise time
           | based on their timezone and latitude? I don't think this
           | would be much different, in practice, than changing times at
           | a linear rate.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | This would lead to a monumental amount of confusion.
             | 
             | The primary time keeping device in my house is the clock on
             | my stove; I wear old school watches a lot; and most of my
             | cars are old and have old clocks in them. I can't be the
             | only one, so multiply this by at least a few million other
             | people in America alone.
             | 
             | Sure, you can tell everyone they need to ditch dumb clocks
             | and replace them with internet-enabled smart clocks. But I
             | think that's a far more onerous undertaking than just
             | dealing with the fact that solar time and clock time are
             | mismatched.
        
             | jerska wrote:
             | Adding to my sibling comment, time is also mostly used as a
             | coordination system. Being offset by a few minutes would
             | make aligning meetings with your remote coworker an even
             | bigger nightmare than it is now.
        
           | nialv7 wrote:
           | Why don't we take it to the extreme then? Just make the time
           | the Sun rises 6am always. And make seconds longer or shorter
           | to adjust.
        
         | VyseofArcadia wrote:
         | > but this could 'solve' daylight savings time
         | 
         | This ignores the easiest solution to daylight savings time.
         | 
         |  _Stop doing daylight savings time._
         | 
         | My preferred solution would be permanent standard time rather
         | than permanent DST, but I'll take what I can get as long as we
         | stop changing the clocks twice a year.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > It really is quite flexible.
         | 
         | Other than considering current legally defined timezones as
         | "legacy" definitions and then removing them for no reason other
         | than to follow European fashion.
         | 
         | So, flexible, but managed by inflexible university types.
        
         | ucarion wrote:
         | In theory, this can be expressed in tzdb. Obviously, it will
         | cause problems.
         | 
         | The only really important assumption not obviously present in
         | TZif's data format is that when you go from a local time to a
         | UTC time, there can only be up to two possibilities. A lot of
         | software works on that assumption, for instance
         | java.time.LocalDateTime has a withLaterOffsetAtOverlap():
         | 
         | https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/?java/time/LocalDa...
         | 
         | That implicitly assumes that whenever it's ambiguous what
         | 2:30AM means, you can only have two possible solutions (pre-
         | and post-DST). If a timezone were ever to manipulate its
         | offsets so that there were three or more solutions (such as if
         | they did a "fall back" at 2:00AM and then 2:15AM or something),
         | a lot of stuff would be unable to represent that.
        
       | ochrist wrote:
       | The article says that "Nuuk is in Greenland, and is part of the
       | greater EU cinematic universe."
       | 
       | It is correct that Greenland is part of Denmark, and Denmark is a
       | member of EU. But Greenland voted several years ago to stay out
       | of the EU.
        
         | dmd wrote:
         | Which is why it's part of the _greater_ universe, not the
         | regular one.
        
           | armada651 wrote:
           | Greenland is one of those spin-off movies that is part of the
           | cinematic universe, but is generally considered to be non-
           | canon.
        
           | IggleSniggle wrote:
           | Like how Spider-Man actually belongs to Sony, not Marvel, and
           | it gets loaned back to Marvel? Or more like how Blade isn't
           | part of the MCU, but totally belongs to Marvel?
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Except Blade _is_ part of the MCu now since Deadpool 3
             | 
             | But I think the analogy may be being stretched
        
               | IggleSniggle wrote:
               | Ahh, figures. As soon as I said it I thought it likely
               | that Marvel had roped it in at some point.
               | 
               | Nothing is safe! Just wait til we get Star-Lord
               | (Guardians of the Galaxy) accidentally facing off against
               | some Jedi just so a writer can make some "Hans shot
               | first" "inside" joke in some "way overshot the time
               | travel to long ago in a galaxy far far away"
               | plot...basically a movie to set up the joke in a trailer.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | I'm just so relieved that Disney didn't buy Star Trek.
               | Was slightly concerned by an offhand remark from the
               | Doctor in the most recent Doctor Who series who made an
               | off-hand comment about dropping in on the Star Trek
               | people.
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Spider-Man belongs to Marvel, but is on conditional
             | perpetual loan to Sony, who can optionaly loan it back to
             | Marvel/Disney.
             | 
             | Sony has to release a Spider-Man movie every N months, or
             | they lose the license, and will probably never get it
             | again, since Marvel started making their own films and now
             | they're part of Disney. This is why Sony keeps making
             | reboot trilogies. Better to shovel something out than to
             | lose the license forever. It does make a nice backstory for
             | the Spider-Verse though.
        
           | ochrist wrote:
           | In that case Greenland is accompanied by their 'sister
           | country' The Faroe Islands, that has a similar status wrt.
           | Denmark and EU.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Also, geographically it belongs to North America. Not Europe.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | So.... Antman?
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | > It is correct that Greenland is part of Denmark, and Denmark
         | is a member of EU. But Greenland voted several years ago to
         | stay out of the EU.
         | 
         | Greenland is still part of the EU's overseas countries and
         | territories. It's not like it's in a different universe.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | EU stands for Extended Universe here, probably. ;)
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_universe
        
       | IgorPartola wrote:
       | I know this is a popular sentiment here but it bears repeating:
       | timezones need to go away.
       | 
       | Time according to timezones measures the position of the sun.
       | Except when we clearly decide with daylight savings time that we
       | don't care about the position of the sun, we just want it to be a
       | certain time.
       | 
       | When the sun is directly over NYC it is usually 1pm or 2pm,
       | depending on time of year, but 5pm or 6pm in London. Why? Are
       | these events happening at different times? No, they are happening
       | at the same time. Why do we use a different number for them?
       | 
       | Your "time zone" may decide that generally the workday is from
       | 14:00 to 22:00. Why not? We already have second and third shift
       | workers, so the idea of 9-5 is dead anyways.
       | 
       | When I schedule a meeting with someone in Tokyo and I am in NYC,
       | is the meeting not happening at the same time? Wouldn't it be
       | easier to say "let's do it at 13:00"? We still would need to
       | figure out if people are awake and at work but we have to do that
       | now while also figuring out daylight savings, so not only time
       | but day of the year matters.
       | 
       | Heaven forbid you schedule a meeting or an event or a delivery or
       | a stock trade and your time zone gets helpfully updated after you
       | schedule the thing but before it happens. Better hope all the
       | processes and software get that right or else!
       | 
       | And here is my favorite example I recently encountered: what is
       | the speed of federal laws in the US? Say the tax brackets are
       | rewritten for 2025, starting "January 1". Cool, so if you work
       | the NYE shift from 8pm to 4am in Chicago, is it the DC timezone
       | that matters for your taxes? The local? If cannabis is legalized
       | starting at midnight but you get arrested for possession at 11pm
       | the day before in LA are you wrongfully detained or did you miss
       | it by one hour?
       | 
       | Timezones are 19th century thinking. We can do better.
        
         | coldpie wrote:
         | Nah. Any solution you come up with that accounts for how humans
         | actually use time will just reinvent time zones. Could they be
         | more cleanly specified than they are? Sure. But that's just an
         | artifact of grandfathering in historical practices.
        
           | IgorPartola wrote:
           | See my reply to a parallel comment.
        
             | Tor3 wrote:
             | The point is really that as long as we don't live on
             | Discworld we _have_ to divide the world into time zones.
             | Either using different local time zones, or using local
             | awake /sleep zones. Either way you have time zones.
        
         | aniforprez wrote:
         | Unless you can propose a proper way to locally represent time
         | where a person is currently present in relation to the position
         | of the sun then no, time zones will never go away. I know time
         | zones suck for us as programmers but it's a practical way to
         | separate different regions that will experience different times
         | of day differently. As long as we have clocks and times with
         | "midnight"s and "noon"s, time zones will exist. I assume once
         | we truly become an interplanetary species and colonise multiple
         | planets, we will begin to use different methods of time since
         | 24 hour/365 day clocks are going to be an Earth only thing but
         | that's for future scientists to decide. There were proposals
         | for daylight savings to go away but that seems to have
         | disappeared into the ether for some reason.
        
           | IgorPartola wrote:
           | Just because you personally are used to a specific type of
           | clock doesn't mean you can't imagine a different kind.
           | Submarines use 24 hour clocks and give no hecks about where
           | the sun is.
           | 
           | The solution is to just use UTC. That's it. That means in NYC
           | you'd get to work at 13:00 and go home at 21:00, which used
           | to be 9am-5pm. That's it. Your whole transition has been
           | completed. The rest is just what your calendar says. Niece's
           | recital on Thursday at 19:00, beers with Greg at 23:00 on
           | Friday, etc. It really isn't hard to imagine.
        
             | hugh-avherald wrote:
             | Why don't people just do this then? There's no overwhelming
             | obligation on individuals to use the local timezone.
             | 
             | I also think that your using the example of submarines --
             | notoriously an onerous lifestyle that very few are capable
             | of living -- pretty much torpedoes your implicit suggestion
             | that this would not be too much of a change.
        
               | rswail wrote:
               | > pretty much _torpedoes_ your implicit suggestion that
               | this would not be too much of a change.
               | 
               | You did that on porpoise I hope.
        
               | IgorPartola wrote:
               | The reason it is hard being on a submarine isn't because
               | of the clock. That's like saying that it is hard to be a
               | construction worker because the hard hats aren't
               | fashionable.
               | 
               | And the reason why people don't just do that is because
               | it is a network effect problem. We all need to buy into
               | it. Like the metric system or driving on the same side of
               | the road.
               | 
               | And people do this. Haven't you seen people who routinely
               | talk to people outside their timezones sign their email
               | with their location and/or UTC work hours?
        
             | coldpie wrote:
             | > The solution is to just use UTC. That's it.
             | 
             | Okay. I work in Minneapolis and need to schedule a meeting
             | with someone in London. How do I know what UTC time is
             | during daylight hours for both participants? Well, we can
             | use a formula that will tell us where the sun in the sky
             | for a given longitude. But that's kind of a chore. So let's
             | break ranges of longitude into zones and create a lookup
             | table. Hang on a minute...
             | 
             | I've just traveled to Tokyo from Minneapolis. What time do
             | I need to set my alarm to, to wake up an hour before most
             | businesses open? Well, I can use trigonometry to figure out
             | what UTC time the sun will rise at this location on Earth.
             | But that's kind of a chore, so presumably each city will
             | have an offset from UTC time that they all agree on to
             | begin business hours. Hang on a minute...
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | Traveling would be so much more disorienting. Forgetting
             | what the local daytime range is and checking the position
             | of the sun to guess whether you're closer to the front or
             | back half of the day. Having to consult a table to figure
             | out exactly _how much_ you 're going to inconvenience the
             | person giving you a ride from the airport. Accidentally
             | running into rush hour because you forgot that 1100 is 5:00
             | here. LOL.
        
               | IgorPartola wrote:
               | So like when you fly from London to NYC and have no idea
               | how long the flight actually is because it leaves at 10am
               | and arrives at 9am? Timezones explicitly make travel
               | harder, not easier.
        
             | teo_zero wrote:
             | > NYC you'd get to work at 13:00 and go home at 21:00
             | 
             | And if you plan to meet your colleagues after dinner, would
             | you say "see you tomorrow?".
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | OK, you're in LA. You finish work at 2300 on Monday.
             | 
             | You have plans to go to the theatre on Tuesday after work.
             | 
             | Is that 0100 on Tuesday (after finishing at 2300 on Monday)
             | or 0100 on Wednesday (after finishing at 2300 on Tuesday)
        
               | iggldiggl wrote:
               | Along the same vein... how are public holidays supposed
               | to be handled? Do those always start and finish at
               | midnight UTC, even if midnight UTC happens to be right
               | during the middle of the solar day (and everybody's
               | waking hours)? Or does every place define a specific time
               | (aligned to solar midnight or some other suitable point
               | during the night) for when holidays are supposed to start
               | and end, which is basically reintroducing timezones
               | through the back door?
        
             | Tor3 wrote:
             | >That means in NYC you'd get to work at 13:00 and go home
             | at 21:00,
             | 
             | Fine.. so I'm going to have a teleconference with a company
             | in NYC. Due to what you wrote above I now have an idea of
             | what UTC time window to plan for - after all, I want to be
             | able to reach them during their working hours.
             | 
             | Then on Friday I have to schedule a teleconf with a company
             | in Japan. When do they work, relative to UTC? You forgot to
             | add that, so I have to find it somewhere.
             | 
             | Hm, wouldn't it be nice if my computer could keep track of
             | the working hours everywhere in the world. Let's make a
             | database of that.. There's just one issue: How is this any
             | better than using the timezone system we already have?
             | Using that, I can figure out the local time in those
             | places, and I can safely assume that they'll at least be
             | working from around 09:00 local time. Having to instead
             | keep track of their working hours relative to UTC doesn't
             | seem like much of an improvement to me.
        
               | IgorPartola wrote:
               | You got it exactly right up to the last sentence. Yes it
               | is exactly the same amount of work to figure out how to
               | make a long distance phone call or schedule a meeting.
               | 
               | Except for most people it is almost never a problem
               | because most people aren't scheduling phone calls or
               | meetings with unfamiliar locations.
               | 
               | The benefit is obvious: things that happen at the same
               | time have the same number associated with them. Just like
               | we currently coordinate dates using a shared calendar, we
               | coordinate times. And that has a local benefit as well.
               | Aside from no more daylight savings time which we can
               | achieve using other means, we also know when world events
               | happen as they are being reported, we know when certain
               | things take effect for countries that span multiple
               | timezones now, we know the exact difference between any
               | two given time points without asking "but where are they
               | happening?"
               | 
               | Again, imagine that we had unified time and some country
               | somewhere said "hey we are using the same format but
               | doing our own variable offset from it". That would be
               | absolutely asinine. We are used to timezones and think
               | they benefit us because of that familiarity. In reality
               | we have had variable time even in the same timezones
               | before and it was universally a bad idea that was shut
               | down soon as people started traveling.
               | 
               | Oh and consider that due to cultural differences your
               | example of scheduling meetings is already flawed: do you
               | know if Tokyo wraps up the workday at 4pm or 6pm? Is
               | there an hour or two hour lunch break in Barcelona? When
               | do people actually come to work in Rome? Are banks open
               | on Saturdays in Baghdad? Timezones do not solve these
               | issues whatsoever so you still need to do the lookup of
               | "when are people actually around" when scheduling a
               | meeting outside of your culture.
        
               | Tor3 wrote:
               | 1) Daylight saving time has absolutely nothing to do with
               | this, and in any case a lot of people, me included, are
               | of the opinion that DST is a Bad Thing and should be
               | abolished.
               | 
               | 2) If you want to let everybody in the world know when
               | something specific happens (e.g. the launch of the first
               | manned Mars mission), then you specify the time in UTC.
               | But.. that's what we do already. Or at least those with
               | some sense. There's still no need to force Joe Nobody to
               | get to work at 14:00 (assuming a single world time zone)
               | when the sun rises.. there's no advantage for people
               | elsewhere in the world. You yourself argued that "most
               | people aren't scheduling phone calls or meetings with
               | unfamiliar locations". So, what's the advantage here?
               | 
               | 3) I happen to use a calendar which is coordinated with
               | others - it happens automatically, when they schedule
               | something. And it has zero problem with the time - it's
               | not just date. There's zero to gain by using UTC as
               | localtime everywhere. That does nothing for the calendar.
               | 
               | 4) Cultural differences in work hours: They absolutely
               | exist. So what would having everybody use UTC help with?
               | You _still_ have to know those differences. It 's even
               | worse then, because if my stepson tells me "I have to
               | work to 10AM" then I know it's late, for him. I know it
               | instantly. If he had said "..have to work to 13 UTC" then
               | I'm lost. I don't immediately see that he's actually
               | working very late. I'll have to think "let's see.. he's
               | in Tokyo, so that would be, hmm, this many hours
               | difference from here.. is there an issue here? Oh wait,
               | "you're working really late, will you be you okay?"
               | 
               | 5) And that statement ".. most people aren't scheduling
               | phone calls or meetings with unfamiliar locations".
               | That's false. We're not in the 19th or even the 20th
               | century anymore. The internet is a thing, and tons of
               | people are in _daily_ contact with people from all over
               | the world. Just a moment ago I got a message from an
               | airbnb guest, for example.
        
         | andix wrote:
         | You could also argue that different languages need to go away.
         | Would make everything easier.
        
           | IgorPartola wrote:
           | It is much harder to do. We all speak the same 24 hour clock
           | and it is not a culturally significant thing. It would be
           | nice if everyone could understand everyone but there is
           | something to be lost by losing languages. There is absolutely
           | nothing to be lost by doing away with timezones.
        
             | vundercind wrote:
             | Of course there's something lost. If I see my colleague's
             | local time will be 9:00PM, I know not to schedule a meeting
             | then. It's a method for translating familiar associations
             | of hours across space.
             | 
             | Also, and more importantly, "it's 5:00 somewhere!" would
             | cease to be true.
        
         | michaelt wrote:
         | _> Timezones are 19th century thinking. We can do better._
         | 
         | That's why I only use Swatch(tm) Internet Beats [1] for
         | timekeeping.
         | 
         | Now if you'll excuse me, I have a @583.32 meeting to get to.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swatch_Internet_Time
        
           | ta1243 wrote:
           | Meetings tend to start at most at quarter-hour intervales, or
           | about 1/100th of a day.
           | 
           | If everyone used swatch times meetings would tend to start at
           | intervals of 20, or maybe tens. Your meeting would start at
           | @580 and last until @600 rather than 1300 to 1330 or
           | whatever.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | May I recommend you read this article titled "So You Want To
         | Abolish Time Zones"?
         | 
         | https://qntm.org/abolish
        
           | coldpie wrote:
           | I like the point of this article, but it takes a very long,
           | winding, roundabout way to get there. I wish there was a
           | better written article we could copy-paste when people make
           | this suggestion.
           | 
           | I guess what I mean is, I should write one.
        
           | IgorPartola wrote:
           | Look at it from the other direction for a moment: say we
           | started with universal time. The whole world used UTC. Now
           | try suggesting timezones. The idea would look absolutely
           | insane. It would be a non-starter discussion.
           | 
           | On the other hand the transition from timezones to UTC has
           | some challenges but the idea itself is very worth
           | considering. What does this tell you?
        
             | Tor3 wrote:
             | Why would that look insane at all? It's like saying that
             | letting everybody everywhere be able to say "I work from
             | nine to five" is insane. Or that saying that the date
             | changes to the next day when it's midnight is insane.
        
               | IgorPartola wrote:
               | Because we had that. The reason GMT exists is because
               | train stations in England all ran on different clocks.
               | The train could leave at 11am and arrive at 10:55 at the
               | next station because the clocks could be that far apart.
               | And that was confusing so they said "hey you know what's
               | a good idea? Having a coordinated time!"
               | 
               | Going back to that would make things more confusing. You
               | take it for granted that we all use the same calendar.
               | Nobody signs your paycheck using the Chinese calendar,
               | right? You likely agree that the US using the imperial
               | system is silly because wouldn't the world be in a better
               | place if we all used metric. So why the resistance to
               | this?
        
               | Tor3 wrote:
               | Huh? We're arguing that timezones make sense and that
               | keeping the world in a single timezone ("UTC everywhere")
               | would not be a good option. You seemed to argue that if
               | timezones hadn't already been invented then the idea of a
               | local time would be insane. That's what I was replying
               | to.
        
         | teo_zero wrote:
         | It would be an interesting experiment.
         | 
         | You would have to give up many concepts that have local
         | relevance, while gaining better understanding with non-local
         | interlocutors. I think the balance depends on how many of your
         | daily interactions happen at local or non-local scope.
         | 
         | Swatch tried it in the 90s and failed. Maybe we are more
         | globalized today...
        
         | PopAlongKid wrote:
         | >Say the tax brackets are rewritten for 2025, starting "January
         | 1"
         | 
         | U.S. income taxes are calculated on an annual basis, not
         | hourly, so that is not an issue. (Wages are taxed according to
         | when they are paid, which is a specific point in time, not
         | according to when they were earned). A better example is trying
         | to figure which calendar (tax) year an item of income or
         | deduction belongs to. On tax professional forums, there are
         | occasional discussions about what happens if I make a business
         | payment online just before New Year's Day begins, but the
         | recipient doesn't "constructively receive" it until after (or
         | similar scenarios involving time zone differences). Do I get a
         | deduction for the old year, but they have income in the new
         | year? (The best answer, of course, is to not wait until a few
         | hours before a deadline to conduct business transactions of
         | this type, but not every type of business has that choice
         | available).
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | It seems like it would be so much easier to ship the tzdb
       | algorithm as a single C library that could do arbitrary
       | computation.
       | 
       | Instead, the authors prefer to use their own domain language --
       | source files with a compiler to a binary format with a reference
       | parser implementation. The thrust of this article is that's
       | mostly good enough but their domain language doesn't include
       | lunar information.
       | 
       | The downside would be size and runtime efficiency. I'm guessing
       | tzdata is built the way it is so that it can be extremely small
       | and efficient rather than large and, computationally speaking,
       | comprehensive. You can run it on an Arm M0 as well as an Apple
       | M2.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | A lot of people appreciate the fact that whenever some random
         | government decides to change of rule of their timezone (such as
         | announcing DST changes), they only get a file update where the
         | file is not powerful enough to be Turing complete instead of a
         | C library update.
        
           | gorgoiler wrote:
           | That's a great point. For me though, these updates come via
           | the same OS vendor channels that provided updated binaries
           | too, so it's not like I'm dodging a recompile.
        
       | fokker wrote:
       | A fun read! My brother actually lives on Lord Howe Island along
       | with his wife and 2 daughters. I'm visiting them in a few weeks
       | too actually. I will share this tidbit with them haha.
        
       | gonzo41 wrote:
       | I lived in Hobart for a while and I was a firm proponent of
       | having a Tassie south timezone that had a 2 hour winter shift to
       | get some afternoon light. That six week pit in winter when the
       | sun goes down at 430pm is tough.
        
       | rswail wrote:
       | For years I've been saying that a programming course is composed
       | of two subjects:
       | 
       | 1. Date and Time Programming
       | 
       | 2. Debugging
       | 
       | You will encounter every possible issue and common bug when doing
       | #1, leading naturally to #2.
        
       | twojastara wrote:
       | GUWNO JEBANE
        
       | grishka wrote:
       | Another fun fact about timezones: if the government abolishes DST
       | one year, and then moves some timezones an hour the next year, it
       | creates a wild mess. Especially when you're building an Android
       | app. Especially when it's the early 2010s so the timezone
       | database is built into the system image but most devices that run
       | your app don't receive system updates at all.
       | 
       | Instead of picking the timezone with the correct offset and no
       | DST, many people would adjust the time itself so the wrong
       | timezone and the wrong unixtime cancel each other out so the
       | clock "looks right". Not fun when you're doing math with
       | timestamps, some of which are local and some come from the
       | server.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | I worked with a group of people once who just didn't care about
         | timezones. All (ok, most) clocks were set to local time, but
         | with some random timezone, about half of the time it was GMT,
         | and 2/3 of the remainder were our actual timezone, but the rest
         | were totally random. I had to write a "figure out what the time
         | actually is" routine in my code because it was such a pervasive
         | problem.
        
           | grishka wrote:
           | I ended up doing kinda the same. Our API already had a method
           | to retrieve the current unixtime on the server, which I used,
           | together with the user-set timezone, to figure out the UTC
           | offset that the user _actually meant to set_ by adjusting
           | their clock.
        
         | lxgr wrote:
         | This makes me wonder: Should NTP servers broadcast the tz
         | database...? (And should the tz database support a stable but
         | turing-complete scripting/bytecode language?)
        
           | ironmagma wrote:
           | That sounds like the beginning of a story that ends with an
           | RCE.
        
             | lxgr wrote:
             | Hey, if OpenType fonts get to do it, why shouldn't
             | timezones? :)
        
       | Aidevah wrote:
       | > Unless you're doing some fairly exotic things where you're
       | finding yourself saying things like
       | 
       | >> Oh yeah the OCR on Japanese driving licenses pops out things
       | like "Ping Cheng  8", that's just how they sometimes say 1996
       | over there. That's why we have this in the parser: eras = { "Da
       | Zheng ": 1912, "Zhao He ": 1926, "Ping Cheng ": 1989 }
       | 
       | >> One of these days we'll need to add "Ling He ": 2019, but it
       | hasn't come up yet.
       | 
       | Taiwan also uses the ROC calendar[1] which is directly descended
       | from the regnal calendars of imperial china.
       | 
       | But it's quaint that the Japanese name their year after one
       | person, while us enlightened westerners simply use a calendar
       | where it's simply the 2024th year of the, erm, hmmmph...
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_China_calendar
        
       | sebastialonso wrote:
       | Related to the subject, can anyone recommend a book about
       | timezones? Not a technical, programming book, but one with the
       | history of time zones and curious use cases?
        
         | noleary wrote:
         | It is not exactly what you're looking for, but long ago I read
         | this book about the invention of the naval chronometer:
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_(book)
         | 
         | It's generally pretty well-regarded and closely related.
        
           | wbl wrote:
           | _Revolution in Time_ is drier but still interesting and
           | covers up past the quartz crisis starting from Babylon.
        
       | lokar wrote:
       | I recall working on some calendar software and finding that at
       | some point in the past (you have to deal with all the rules from
       | the past) a country (Saudi Arabia?) had an offset like every day
       | to keep solar noon in line with civil time.
        
       | Tepix wrote:
       | I'd like to know the rationale behind these weird timezones, in
       | particular non-hourly offsets to UTC. Why was it chosen that way?
       | Why is it being upheld? It must be a big hassle.
       | 
       | Why not switch to a normal 60 minute offset to UTC?
        
         | ucarion wrote:
         | tzdb often has the answer, and it's almost always because
         | everyone used to do local solar time (i.e. on average, the sun
         | is at the top of the sky at noon) until convenience (i.e. train
         | and plane schedules) required an offset friendlier to mental
         | math.
        
       | pvaldes wrote:
       | With the weirdest inhabitants like the legendary Lord Howe Island
       | stick insect, AKA tree lobsters or more informally sausages with
       | legs. A 20 cm long halloweenesque black beauty.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | Ever since I was assigned to work on the school website's
       | calendar when I was in high school, I have successfully avoided
       | any software project having to do with time and date. I feel like
       | my quality of life has been better for it.
        
       | danielvaughn wrote:
       | Just wait until we decide on a time zone for the moon, or Mars.
        
         | perlgeek wrote:
         | Mars days are longer than Earth days, so a time zone alone
         | won't do.
         | 
         | I think I actually heard on a podcast that some Mars rover
         | mission team had to operate in shifts that were synchronized
         | with Mars days.
        
       | ak217 wrote:
       | At some point the correct solution is for engineers to
       | collectively agree to refuse to model government-prescribed
       | deviations from convention. Or, put more obliquely, provide more
       | feedback to make it more obvious who is bearing the cost of the
       | complexity of these requirements.
       | 
       | It's a social problem and it calls for a social solution.
       | 
       | I know, there's a lot of disagreement around where the point in
       | question is, but it would serve us well if more engineers were
       | more assertive about stating their opinion on where it is.
        
         | booleandilemma wrote:
         | This sounds good until you realize that half or more of the
         | software engineers are people working in 3rd world countries
         | who just need a job, or they're H-1B's working in the US who
         | can't afford to make waves.
         | 
         | We would need to form some kind of global union and push back
         | together.
        
           | ak217 wrote:
           | In the US there is a great example of a government agency
           | that works to reduce emergent complexity in situations like
           | this - NIST.
           | 
           | NIST does a lot of work behind the scenes in advanced
           | technical fields. I wonder if it would help if there was a
           | NIST publication enumerating common time and date keeping
           | patterns, like we have for cryptography.
        
         | bcherry wrote:
         | disagree - good products meet their users where they are and
         | bury complexity under the hood. i can't imagine trying to use a
         | calendar app (or any app really) that refuses to operate in any
         | mode other than UTC.
        
           | ak217 wrote:
           | OK but most people would agree that "only UTC" is not an
           | ergonomic default. There is a balance.
           | 
           | Also, are the users where they are because they want to be
           | there, or because long ago some government or religious
           | leader forced something through and they go along with it
           | because of some kind of inertia?
        
       | heironimus wrote:
       | Me: This does not look interesting at all, but its really
       | popular, so I'll quickly skim it. Me, 5 mins later: I can't stop
       | reading this!
        
       | an-allen wrote:
       | Obligatory - David Olsen and Paul Eggert - thank you for your
       | service. The world literally works because of your efforts and I
       | don't feel people really appreciate the ridiculous man made
       | problem that you spent your labours to help resolve.
       | 
       | If there was a Hall of Fame of OSS contributors - you would be in
       | it sitting on top of a mountain. The Time Zone problem is a
       | unique problem in that its not just a problem of whats the time
       | in this location - its what was the time in this location 20, 50,
       | 100 years ago. The level of scholarship and historical research
       | you put into this library is really quite unmatched. Amazing
       | folks you two. The whole world quite literally sits on the
       | shoulders of you two giants.
       | 
       | "Daylight Saving Time was first suggested as a joke by Benjamin
       | Franklin in his whimsical essay "An Economical Project for
       | Diminishing the Cost of Light" published in the Journal de Paris
       | (1784-04-26). Not everyone is happy with the results." - Paul
       | Eggert
        
       | Lance_ET_Compte wrote:
       | A thousand years ago, every village had their own timekeeping and
       | it worked. Our village is now earth. What if we just abandoned
       | daylight-savings time and timezones and just went with GMT (or
       | anything else) for everywhere on earth?
       | 
       | There would be cultural effects as people in California now start
       | work at 16:00, for example...
        
         | fermuch wrote:
         | Isn't that how china works? One timezone for everyone
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | That is good example why one timezone doesn't work. The
           | locals in Xinjiang use a local time zone +6, instead of China
           | time +8, because the latter is too far off the daylight
           | hours.
           | 
           | My understanding is that use of Xinjiang time has dropped
           | recently because of the crack down on Uygurs and government
           | forcing China time.
        
           | a57721 wrote:
           | There are various countries that optimize the number of time
           | zones for administrative purposes, but this is much easier
           | and sensical to implement within one country than globally.
           | 
           | UTC is used globally when it makes sense, e.g. for the
           | schedules of international radio broadcasts.
        
         | chanandler_bong wrote:
         | This. 100%.
        
         | cle wrote:
         | The hard part is not doing it, it's getting people to agree. I
         | highly doubt people will agree to do that, because a large
         | portion of people don't agree with "our village is now Earth".
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | In order to do computing involving time zones you also need
           | to get an enormous number of people (particularly vendors of
           | computer operating systems and maintainers of programming
           | languages) to agree. But yes, this does appear to be easier
           | than getting a few hundred political jurisdictions to agree.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | I'd adjust to that better than adjusting to Daylight savings
         | time.
        
         | bakkoting wrote:
         | Here's a good essay about that: So You Want To Abolish Time
         | Zones [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://qntm.org/abolish
        
         | ianburrell wrote:
         | Everyone would create local time zones and use them. It is
         | convenient to have the clock synchronized to the local day.
         | Using UTC optimizes for long distances when people use local
         | clocks much more often.
         | 
         | How do you handle the date changing in the middle of the day?
         | If I was on UTC, the date would change at 5pm. Is that still
         | Wednesday or would it be Thursday?
         | 
         | Also, it doesn't solve the problem since still need to figure
         | out local time when interacting long distances. If need to keep
         | track of local times, might as well use time zones.
         | 
         | Finally, can solve most of the problems with time zones by
         | including UTC time with anything long distance. Say "meeting is
         | at 4pm, 23:00 UTC", then nobody has to worry about your local
         | time zone.
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | > How do you handle the date changing in the middle of the
           | day?
           | 
           | It seems like you would have to do absolutely nothing? Just
           | like you do absolutely nothing to "handle" the hour changing
           | throughout the day. People work overnight shifts. People
           | schedule important events close to and on either side of
           | midnight.
        
             | sethammons wrote:
             | "did it happen wednesday the 23rd or wednesday the 24th?"
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | I wouldn't expect that confusion to be common. It's
               | already common to say things like "I got terrible sleep
               | on Wednesday night" even though some or all of the bad
               | sleep might have happened after midnight and thus
               | technically on Thursday.
        
           | skissane wrote:
           | > How do you handle the date changing in the middle of the
           | day?
           | 
           | In the Jewish and Islamic calendars, the day begins/ends at
           | sunset, and hence the date changes at that point.
           | 
           | Traditionally, (Western) astronomers used the astronomical
           | day, going back to Ptolemy, in which a new day starts at
           | noon. Part of the reason for this was that in pre-modern
           | times it was a lot easier to precisely determine the moment
           | of noon than the moment of midnight. Contemporary astronomy
           | has mostly abandoned that tradition, but it still survives in
           | the definition of Julian dates (but not Modified Julian dates
           | which moved the day boundary to midnight)
        
         | maxwell wrote:
         | UTC is problematic since it splits the day: when it's midnight
         | in Greenwich, it's still yesterday for half the world. The Unix
         | epoch occurred in 1969 in Hawaii.
         | 
         | BIT (UTC-12) is better. Only positive offsets. Everyone on the
         | same day.
        
         | throitallaway wrote:
         | Our world has gotten smaller. For people that travel often and
         | schedule calls across time zones, time zones are a complete
         | pain in the ass. I've advocated for getting rid of time zones
         | for ~10 years now. It really doesn't matter if people in
         | California start work at 16:00; the people that live in that
         | area will get used to it. Daylight will remain the same.
        
         | autarch wrote:
         | Time zones _without_ DST would be relatively easy to deal with.
         | The answer is not "abolish time zones", it's just "abolish
         | DST".
        
       | chikere232 wrote:
       | At some point, adding software support for these things is just
       | enabling bad ideas. If there wasn't support for
       | Australia/Lord_Howe they might be annoyed into picking a simpler
       | time zone
        
       | jmbwell wrote:
       | Those interested in this kind of pedantry might also take care to
       | note that it's called "daylight saving time," with no "s."
       | 
       | It is a system of time for saving daylight.
       | 
       | It is not a sales event promising "savings."
       | 
       | Frustrating to read an otherwise excellent and detailed article
       | that makes this error throughout.
        
         | zokier wrote:
         | Both forms are widely used and accepted. Wikipedia has whole
         | section about that:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daylight_saving_time#Terminolo...
        
       | kccqzy wrote:
       | The most amusing tidbit about the tz database is that it contains
       | an estimate of Big Bang, and it refuses to calculate timezone
       | transitions occurring before the Big Bang.
       | 
       | The commit message at
       | https://github.com/eggert/tz/commit/b22d459a367f4d01b10f6f6b...
       | says:
       | 
       | > For example, Glib computes Sao Paulo time stamps as if Brazil's
       | circa-1913 rules were still in effect. (Thanks to Leonardo
       | Chiquitto for reporting the bug.) Work around the bug by not
       | generating time stamps equal to -2**63. Come to think of it, time
       | stamps before the Big Bang are physically suspect anyway, so
       | don't generate time stamps before the Big Bang.
       | 
       | Soon afterwards, a separate commit disallowed leap seconds before
       | the Big Bang.
        
         | ucarion wrote:
         | This is really neat!
         | 
         | Separately, I'm a little skeptical of the tzdb's endeavor of
         | even thinking about pre-Unix-epoch stuff. The bug-to-utility
         | ratio of that stuff doesn't seem to be there. `zic` is where
         | most of the ugly gnarliness of tzdb lies, and I sometimes feel
         | that it would have been better if `zic` weren't an artifact
         | others could depend on.
        
         | eikenberry wrote:
         | That's a fun easter egg in the TZ database. I'd never heard of
         | it, but how often do you need to calculate TZ data that old.
         | Hopefully we'll be done with time zone's completely before the
         | theory is outdated.
        
       | mayneack wrote:
       | My personal favorite timezones:
       | 
       | There's UTC+14 in Micronesia:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B14:00
       | 
       | Also Antarctica/Troll: A timezone for a norwegian research
       | station. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_in_Norway
        
       | NotYourLawyer wrote:
       | I'm so glad I don't have to think about this stuff for my day
       | job. Just miserable.
        
       | autarch wrote:
       | > It's not like programming languages support representing
       | 61-second minutes anyway
       | 
       | This is not true. Someone already noted that Raku supports leap
       | seconds. I think this may be partly my fault, because Perl 5's
       | most popular datetime library, `DateTime.pm`, supports leap
       | seconds.
       | 
       | It's my fault because I created `DateTime.pm` and implemented its
       | leap seconds support. In retrospect, this was almost certainly a
       | mistake. Almost no one cares about leap seconds. It just produces
       | all sorts of weird confusion. Like why does adding 60 seconds
       | produce a different result than adding 1 minute, but only rarely?
       | 
       | And it makes the code _way_ more complicated, especially since I
       | wanted to validate whether setting second to 60 was valid.
       | 
       | This seems simple. Why not just look up the leap second table and
       | check? Well, the `DateTime` constructor takes time components
       | (including `second => 60`) and _any_ time zone. So we have to
       | convert the date/time passed to the constructor to UTC in order
       | to do that lookup. But doing that conversion ... ended up
       | involving values that include leap seconds because of historical
       | reasons.
       | 
       | It's a huge mess for very little gain.
       | 
       | As to Raku, I think it's stdlib datetime library borrowed from
       | Perl 5's `DateTime.pm` quite heavily so it inherits some of the
       | same bad design decisions.
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | I like that you did it and can look back with a more elegant
         | solution.
         | 
         | What was the thought process originally? Were you just too
         | focused on the problem?
         | 
         | I find that if I'm too close to the problem and too focused for
         | [arbitrary timeframe], this is the type of thing that happens.
         | The joy of fixing something before it's broken takes over.
        
           | autarch wrote:
           | I wrote this code in the early 2000s, so I don't remember the
           | exact thought process. But I think my thinking was something
           | along the lines of "this is a thing that exists, therefore I
           | should model it 100% accurately". But I think the right way
           | to think about it is "this is a thing that exists but most
           | developers would be better off never thinking about,
           | therefore I should omit it entirely".
           | 
           | Of course, the _real_ correct solution is to split up a
           | date/time library into a number of closely related
           | classes/structs, and allow users to pick the one that meets
           | their needs. So most folks would pick the leap second-free
           | class, but a few would use the one with leap seconds baked
           | in.
        
         | lizmat wrote:
         | Raku has the [Instant](https://docs.raku.org/type/Instant)
         | class:
         | 
         | "An Instant is a particular moment in time measured in atomic
         | seconds, with fractions. It is not tied to or aware of any
         | epoch."
        
       | 0x70dd wrote:
       | Correctly ingesting and visualizing data that's captured by
       | different devices while also accounting for travel across
       | timezones, is a real challenge. [1] is our guide how we do this
       | for diabetes data generated by CGMs and insulin pumps.
       | 
       | [1] https://tidepool.stoplight.io/docs/tidepool-
       | api/branches/mas...
        
       | tdeck wrote:
       | > Morocco and Gaza do their daylight savings based on Ramadan.
       | 
       | Something about this doesn't make sense. My understanding is that
       | Ramadan can happen at any season of the year (imagine fasting all
       | day in Greenland during the summer!) because the Islamic calendar
       | doesn't insert intercalary months like many other "lunar"
       | calendars do. Given that, what is the benefit of having a
       | daylight savings time at all if it's tied to the lunar calendar?
       | Isn't the idea of DST tied to day length?
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2024-10-30 23:01 UTC)