[HN Gopher] School is Not Enough: Learning is a consequence of d...
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       School is Not Enough: Learning is a consequence of doing (2021)
        
       Author : Gooblebrai
       Score  : 154 points
       Date   : 2024-10-27 15:02 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (map.simonsarris.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (map.simonsarris.com)
        
       | dghlsakjg wrote:
       | While I agree that doing is a great way to learn some things.
       | 
       | I have to point out the fallacy in the first paragraph. He cites
       | a bunch of people who began working in their teen years who later
       | went on to become famous, presumably because they started "doing"
       | things so early. As a counterpoint, there are many millions of
       | young people throughout history, and even now, who began "doing"
       | at a young age and were nothing more than average, at best.
       | 
       | Dropping out of high school to go be a "doer" is a great way to
       | become a high school dropout, not a prodigy.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | You would expect there to be lot more people making their
         | living in many passion fields say sports, gaming, music, art
         | and writing... There is lot of young people there, but in the
         | end those making reasonable living is small fraction...
        
         | treflop wrote:
         | The people I've seen drop out of something and succeed are like
         | out-of-this-world fucking good. I think if you have to ask, you
         | shouldn't.
        
           | ItsMonkk wrote:
           | It's useful here to split up these people into different
           | categories. Terrance Tao was a prodigy and was allowed to
           | succeed within the school system beyond what others are given
           | access to. Zuckerberg and Gates succeeded and didn't require
           | finishing college - not really dropping out.
           | 
           | Indie Gaming slant on these following examples, and I suspect
           | that this sector is above average for this type of thing, but
           | I suspect if I looked I could find many dropouts in other
           | fields. On the other hand, Carmack dropped out of college,
           | Jonathan Blow dropped out of college. Markus Persson dropped
           | out of high school. Eric Barone never found a job despite
           | graduating from college. All of these people are out-of-this-
           | world fucking good, but were not at the time that they
           | dropped out, which means according to your guide should not
           | have gone on to create what they did.
        
             | treflop wrote:
             | They shouldn't have. Not everyone needs fit an example.
             | 
             | Let's take Markus: before he made Minecraft, he made
             | relatively mediocre games that didn't get much traction.
             | Minecraft was an exact copy of someone else's game
             | (Infiniminer) that was posted on the same forum that he
             | went to. He saw potential when its original creator did not
             | (the creator of Infiniminer got angry that people extended
             | his game so he shut it down). Minecraft blew up. The games
             | that Markus made after Minecraft? Relatively mediocre
             | again.
             | 
             | So what can you learn from the example of Markus? Nothing.
             | Nothing at all. Sometimes you just get lucky.
        
               | treflop wrote:
               | FYI the creator of Infiniminer did eventually make some
               | moderately successful games.
               | 
               | SpaceChem is one of his games. Some of you may have
               | played it.
               | 
               | I think he has openly admitted that he Fucked Up.
        
           | mhuffman wrote:
           | >The people I've seen drop out of something and succeed are
           | like out-of-this-world fucking good.
           | 
           | And frequently from connected and/or rich families. That can
           | be very useful in success, it turns out.
        
         | wheresmycraisin wrote:
         | And staying in school through college is a great way to be in
         | debt for the rest of your life and regret having a useless
         | degree.
        
           | electriclove wrote:
           | So true.. we need to make college ultra low cost, accessible
           | to all, AND useful
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | We have already dumbed college down so much to make it
             | accessible to so many. The last thing we need to do is dumb
             | it down further so that everybody can go. 17 years of
             | education isn't really any better than 13. The only reason
             | a college degree was ever worth anything was because it was
             | taught at a high level that most people would never be able
             | to pass.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Ultra low cost means colleges will get filled with students
             | who are more interested in partying than learning.
             | 
             | When it costs one money, one is going to be motivated to
             | get the value out of it. I.e. people do not value things
             | they get for free.
        
               | drakonka wrote:
               | Are students less motivated or disciplined in the US than
               | other parts of the developed world where higher education
               | is free/compensated?
        
               | ThrowawayR2 wrote:
               | Many educators have pointed out that cuts in government
               | funding for higher education in the US now mean that the
               | student is the paying customer and, as they say, "the
               | customer is always right". Institutions have financial
               | motivations to overlook students' incompetence, cheating,
               | and other misbehavior as long as they keep paying tuition
               | fees.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I bet those students with free rides (and free loans)
               | would do better in college if they were required to hold
               | down a job to pay for some of that.
               | 
               | I know I became more diligent with my studies when I
               | started writing tuition checks out of my earnings.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | It's just human nature, and human nature is the same
               | everywhere.
               | 
               | I know a German who spent over 20 years in the German
               | university system, taking advantage of every free program
               | so she wouldn't have to get a job.
               | 
               | For a well known trope, the spawn of first generation
               | wealthy people tend to dissipate that wealth. They didn't
               | work for it, and so they don't value it. It's why people
               | look down on nepotism. Things not earned are not valued.
        
               | drakonka wrote:
               | And I know an American who spent years trying to get
               | through a degree program that he never ended up
               | completing because he was too burned out having to work
               | multiple jobs to live at the same time. Just like I know
               | plenty of Swedes who have and continue to study,
               | developing their knowledge and curiosity for free while
               | being enthusiastically productive members of society. We
               | all have anecdotes.
        
               | haccount wrote:
               | There's large parts of the world where college and
               | university have zero tuition fees and still doesn't turn
               | into ceaseless roman orgies.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | One then wonders why so many foreign students come to
               | American universities and pay high tuitions when there
               | are better free ones at home.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Cheap studies don't turn students into mindless
               | debauchery-loving zombies, but they also put a pretty
               | hard cap on the professors' salaries. As long as your
               | school is really a not-for-profit organization, salaries
               | will be mediocre.
               | 
               | Elite American universities can attract top scientific
               | talent from overseas with good salaries and very well
               | equipped labs, because they have the money. This, in
               | turn, attracts foreign students.
        
               | pyrale wrote:
               | Money is not the only way to weed out underachieving
               | students, or to motivate the good ones.
               | 
               | It's not a theoretic point either, plenty of universities
               | do it right now.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I never said it was the only way.
               | 
               | But it is effective.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | My dad (career military) told me that army boots lasted 3
               | times longer when the GIs bought them out of their
               | uniform allowance (and could keep unspent funds), rather
               | than being issued boots. He always laughed about that.
               | 
               | When I was old enough to do work, he'd have me buy my own
               | shoes :-)
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | It's easy to distinguish the worthless degrees from the
           | valuable ones. Google the starting salaries of each major.
           | 
           | If a person picks a useless major, the decision is on them.
        
             | huuhee3 wrote:
             | Society (and parents) still should have some responsibility
             | on educating young people about career prospects of
             | different degrees. Too many in older generations think any
             | degree will land their children a job, and thus encourage
             | them to study whatever they like.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | I think school system is hugely failing students if they
               | are not instructed and then capable of spending one or
               | two afternoons on simply googling and looking at career
               | prospects and what different jobs actually might entail.
               | And then at least with minimal criticality thinking is
               | that for them.
               | 
               | I am pretty sure there is no careers you cannot find some
               | information on with rather simple searches.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | This belief that "a degree, any degree" is sufficient
               | must have started after I went to University (mid-90s),
               | because when I was a teenager, it was drilled into us
               | that we need to not only go to University, but we need to
               | major in something lucrative. Nobody, from parents to
               | guidance counsellors, was saying "Oh, just go to college
               | and major in anything, it doesn't matter!"
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The younger generation that grew up with Google never
               | think to google "starting salary for [my] major"? They
               | need to be coached to do it?
               | 
               | Try it. Gott im Himmel!
        
             | Nevermark wrote:
             | > It's easy to distinguish the worthless degrees from the
             | valuable ones. Google the starting salaries of each major.
             | 
             | Agreed.
             | 
             | > If a person picks a useless major, the decision is on
             | them.
             | 
             | Not just them. Their parents, the school, etc. There are so
             | many "simple" things to know. Too many for them to always
             | be obvious, even when they "obviously" should be.
             | 
             | A mistake that a million young students make is a mistake
             | worth updating the educational system to handle better.
             | 
             | And as an objective practical matter, it is always on
             | society. Society systematically loses masses of individual
             | potential by not providing more guidance when it matters.
             | (And perversely turning education into an easy loan
             | factory, regardless of expected income, the opposite of
             | good guidance.)
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I picked my major entirely on my own. My parents didn't
               | advise me about it, nor did the school.
               | 
               | I have been known to advise young people that their
               | intended major was akin to taking a vow of poverty, and
               | they all insisted they were following their dream, and
               | are now working at minimum wage jobs.
               | 
               | I don't have a whole lot of sympathy for students who
               | discover after they graduate that their chosen major has
               | no value. How do they go through 4 years of college never
               | checking such things? Google "starting salary for history
               | majors", for example.
               | 
               | At Caltech, everyone knew that ChE paid the best, and AY
               | degrees were worthless (this was long before google). The
               | AY majors usually did a double major - AY for fun, and
               | the other degree for money.
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | So which undergrad majors do you propose Caltech abolishes?
             | I can think of a couple with awful starting salaries.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | As I mentioned before, there are no jobs for AY majors,
               | even from Caltech. I don't suggest abolishing it. There
               | were many AY majoring students, and they had open eyes
               | about it. There wasn't any whining about it.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | These kinds of essays resonate with me but there's always
         | something about them that seems really off and misguided at the
         | same time.
         | 
         | The survivorship bias you point to is a big part of it. Reading
         | the biography of Carnegie, just as one example, strikes me as
         | kind of egregious because it quickly becomes obvious he was
         | part of a child labor system and by counterargument succeeded
         | largely because he was one of the lucky poor given access to
         | private education by a wealthy benefactor. You could just as
         | easily turn Carnegie into a counterexample, of what happens
         | when you give a child an education with lots of attention. He
         | also happened to be in the right place and right time, in the
         | railroads just as they were taking off.
         | 
         | The focus on the schools too seems really misguided to me. Most
         | of the problems with society today, in my opinion, are due to
         | all the formal roadblocks placed up by bureaucratic red tape,
         | instantiated by the labyrinths of government or private human
         | resources departments.
         | 
         | There are just so many things that require such and such
         | degree, or such and such experience, not because they're
         | _actually_ necessary, but because various legalistic
         | bureaucracies require them. Some of the examples in the essay
         | could happen today, but most of them probably not. The essay
         | seems to quietly acknowledge this but then turns attention away
         | from it, probably because it undermines its thesis.
         | 
         | In my own career I've heard lots of stories like this from the
         | past, both close to me institutionally and more distally.
         | People just sort of showing up somewhere and chatting and then
         | getting a career because they came there to do the work, were
         | respected on the basis of conversation, and had a path forward.
         | None of that would happen today. There would be rubber stamping
         | required, certificates and degrees in a specific field or
         | subfield, with no attention to whether or not the person has
         | the actual ability and background in the area to do the tasks
         | involved.
         | 
         | Schooling today I think has problems, and I agree with the
         | premise that doing things is important. But I think schools
         | teach to what is out there in the world, and students are doing
         | things in school curricula all the time with no acknowledgment
         | later because you're seen as commensurate with a degree. It's
         | not a problem with schools, it's a problem with having
         | vocational paths with opportunities be open to people who have
         | the skills and abilities, but just don't have quite the right
         | credentials or connections. Maybe it's always been that way,
         | but something about today's society makes the examples provided
         | in the essay seem irrelevant today for all sorts of reasons
         | that have nothing to do with the schools themselves.
        
           | paulryanrogers wrote:
           | > Most of the problems with society today, in my opinion, are
           | due to all the formal roadblocks placed up by bureaucratic
           | red tape, instantiated by the labyrinths of government or
           | private human resources departments.
           | 
           | There must be a balance. Without regulation bridges collapse,
           | trains of toxic chemicals derail, and people get poisoned
           | even just by eating and drinking. With too much regulation,
           | innovation is stifled, usually because regulators were
           | captured.
           | 
           | The US seems to have the worst of both, decades of captured
           | regulators and people being harmed by powerful business
           | interests. Meanwhile the public education system gets
           | undermined constantly by a self fulfilling cycle of neglect
           | and deverting funding to private schools.
           | 
           | (Of course in a polarized electorate it's risky to admit both
           | sides have a point, and try to work toward a productive
           | compromise. After all, we can't have our candidate in the
           | wings lose because our opponent incumbent got a 'win'--even
           | if it is most of what we wanted anyway.)
        
             | em-bee wrote:
             | it's not the regulations that are at issue, but people
             | demanding irrelevant credentials.
             | 
             | after a few decades working as a programmer, do my
             | highschool or university grades really still matter? yet
             | some companies ask for them (notably canonical, they are
             | also asking how i did in math in highschool. wat!?)
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | It can be both.
               | 
               | University credentials probably have more to do with
               | proof one has grit, or social signaling. Unless it's for
               | a specialized role that needs a certain degree.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | > The US seems to have the worst of both, decades of
             | captured regulators and people being harmed by powerful
             | business interests. Meanwhile the public education system
             | gets undermined constantly by a self fulfilling cycle of
             | neglect and deverting funding to private schools.
             | 
             | > (Of course in a polarized electorate [...]
             | 
             | Although the electorate is polarized, the two major parties
             | do not significantly differ on support for things like
             | regulatory capture, the revolving door between business and
             | government, and the ability to frictionlessly convert back-
             | and-forth between corporate money and political power.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | They do differ, as Lina Kahn is proving and others before
               | her. Sadly their efforts are too often sabotaged by
               | Republicans who stand in the way or roll back the work.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | > Dropping out of high school to go be a "doer" is a great way
         | to become a high school dropout, not a prodigy.
         | 
         | That is only because our system is so heavily built around
         | bureaucracy and credentials. Regardless of his skills or
         | intelligence, the HS dropout will face discrimination for not
         | having his pieces of paper so intense that it would be illegal
         | if done against any other group.
        
           | pyrale wrote:
           | Could it be that education actually has value sometimes?
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | Considering how little most adults seem to remember about
             | what was taught in high school I'm not entirely sure how
             | much value it provides. It sends me up the wall when people
             | can't help their kids with the excuse of "I don't know how
             | to do that" despite having done that same thing in school.
             | Pick up the damn book and refresh your memory then.
        
               | pyrale wrote:
               | You barely remember anything from your toddler years, but
               | they were some of the most impactful in your education.
               | 
               | Having had to get back into electricity recently, sure I
               | didn't remember a thing, but it came back much faster
               | than the first time.
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | I remember what I learned. I know how to walk, talk, and
               | use a toilet.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | I don't remember many of the advanced algebra classes
               | anymore and I wouldn't be able to tell you why precisely
               | the polynomial equations of 5th and higher degree aren't
               | solvable in radicals (has something to do with sequences
               | of normal subgroups, eh...)
               | 
               | But studying advanced maths forced me to learn to think
               | rigorously and take various minuscule details into
               | account, and that skill is valuable.
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | > _Considering how little most adults seem to remember
               | about what was taught in high school I 'm not entirely
               | sure how much value it provides._
               | 
               | maybe it's an elite small percentage who push society
               | forward and improve it, and it's important that they are
               | discovered and learn by learning and not as important
               | what the rest do with their education.
               | 
               | I think society should be organized around the common
               | (wo)man, but the common man wants the best doctor when he
               | needs medical care, and the common woman wants the best
               | aircraft designer to have designed any plane she flies
               | on.
               | 
               | that's not to say that we should not look for better ways
               | to educate people, perhaps we can find more doctors and
               | plane designers, but just because 10% (or whatever) is
               | all we get out of education doesn't make our education
               | system a bust.
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | With one exception, my favorite CS classes, by the test of
           | which ones engaged me and changed my trajectory later in my
           | career, had no programming. One was a sequence of classes
           | about logic and set theory, the other distributed computing.
           | The latter in particular has come up again and again and
           | again as a blind spot for coworkers, many of whom did finish
           | their degree or even a masters.
           | 
           | I got much more vocational coding in than the vast majority
           | of my classmates before I dropped out, and not all of the
           | theoretical stuff has been applicable. But what was has been
           | invaluable.
        
         | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
         | I wouldn't say it's a fallacy. Something can be necessary
         | without being sufficient. Doing is necessary to learn to do,
         | and certainly to learn to do well, but it's no guarantee of
         | outcome.
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | The world is full of "rules" that the best among us break.
         | There is no progress from following exactly the path of people
         | before you, but the world also has little capacity for people
         | who break too many rules.
         | 
         | You have to really understand why you can break the rules and
         | still succeed. And if you have to use the word "stupid" or
         | "sheep" in your explanation you're most likely wrong.
        
       | unglaublich wrote:
       | This article heavily relies on the assumption that schools do not
       | allow for other learning modalities than passively consuming
       | information, which is false.
        
         | barry-cotter wrote:
         | School is not a place for being creative or productive. It
         | prepares students for tests that they will eventually use to
         | either get a job or go to university. In those places some
         | people will make something people want (be productive) or have
         | the opportunity to do something new (be creative).
        
           | Jap2-0 wrote:
           | This sounds like a dismissal based on a personal anecdote,
           | rather than knowledge of what can be (and increasingly is!)
           | done in a school. Many working in education have encouraged
           | more interactive and project-based learning, such as PLTW[1]
           | in STEM, and others[2] in other areas. Of course, it turns
           | out that designing that while also teaching 6-8 classes a day
           | to a couple hundred students is rather challenging.
           | 
           | I wouldn't disagree that school isn't a place for being
           | productive, if productivity is defined as "making something
           | people want." By that definition all learning is
           | unproductive.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.pltw.org/
           | 
           | [2] For maths, reference the works of Jo Boaler, Peter
           | Liljedahl, etc.; most standards I have seen in social studies
           | in recent years have inquiry as a key component, and I know
           | several teachers who make use of projects there; there is
           | often agency in choosing projects in art, particularly in
           | upper grades; and so on.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | Forcing someone to sit in school all day and then do homework
         | after that renders the fact that they are technically also
         | allowed to learn on their own in their remaining free time
         | pretty much irrelevant.
        
         | fjasdyfs wrote:
         | Not everyone has access to preparatory STEM schools
        
         | nwhnwh wrote:
         | Why it is false?
        
       | inshard wrote:
       | Agency is also possibly an innate ability not necessarily
       | cultivated at school or by focusing on some useful early pursuit.
        
         | qball wrote:
         | >not necessarily cultivated at school
         | 
         | Agency is actively suppressed at school; that's one of its core
         | functions.
        
       | alwa wrote:
       | I'm confused as to how this argues that precocious kids'
       | situation today is different from the past. Is the idea that the
       | situations of self-made tycoons past--telegraph operator
       | supporting his family by age 16, and so on--were somehow typical
       | of youth in those days?
       | 
       | Isn't the more apt comparison between "pointless" schoolwork
       | today and the "pointless" menial labor that would characterize
       | more typical adolescences in early industrial times?
       | 
       | For that matter, between interest groups and national contests
       | and wholesome YouTube role models aand makerspaces and even open-
       | source, where kids can ease their way into meaningful
       | contributions--all against a backdrop of world-historical
       | material security--isn't it an even larger handful of exceptional
       | kids today with the means to break out and "do" than in the past?
       | 
       | Why should we look to the experiences of the exceptional few to
       | understand what works best for kids on average?
        
         | simonsarris wrote:
         | > I'm confused as to how this argues that precocious kids'
         | situation today is different from the past.
         | 
         | Later I invite the counterfactual:
         | 
         | "Imagine if Carnegie and Da Vinci were instead compelled to
         | stay in school for 10 more years. What would have happened?"
         | 
         | and,
         | 
         | "A 13-year-old Steve Jobs once called Bill Hewlett--whose
         | number was simply listed in the phone book-and received a
         | summer job at Hewlett Packard. This would be unsurprising in
         | Carnegie's time, was certainly surprising for 1968, and is
         | culturally verboten today."
        
           | chowells wrote:
           | > "Imagine if Carnegie and Da Vinci were instead compelled to
           | stay in school for 10 more years. What would have happened?"
           | 
           | Impossible to predict accurately, since so much of
           | opportunity is luck. Maybe they would have made better
           | connections in school. Maybe they would not have. Maybe they
           | would have made the exact same connections.
           | 
           | It's possible to make a statistical argument that since they
           | got such ridiculously unlikely opportunities, any deviation
           | from the path they took would have been bad for them. But
           | then you're no longer arguing about the value of education,
           | you're just making observations about a pair of lucky people.
           | And that's not compelling at all, when you don't address the
           | entire outcome distribution for people making the exact same
           | choices.
        
           | nobodyandproud wrote:
           | > This would be unsurprising in Carnegie's time, was
           | certainly surprising for 1968, and is culturally verboten
           | today.
           | 
           | A telephone was only accessible to businesses and the wealthy
           | during Carnegie's time, so no surprised there.
           | 
           | A better analogy would be a postal letter.
        
       | tialaramex wrote:
       | Trivially untrue. Inability to learn except by doing is a defect,
       | which renders you extremely vulnerable to critical errors - you
       | won't be able to learn about these errors since making them
       | (which you find you need to do in order to learn) is fatal.
       | 
       | That doesn't make learning by doing a bad idea, or even
       | necessarily a poor first choice, but if it's the only way for you
       | to learn that's a problem.
        
         | pluto_modadic wrote:
         | Saying that a whole style of learning for neurodivergent folks
         | like Temple Grandin is kinda misguided. They don't need to
         | learn by doing by everything, and I'm sure you knew that.
        
           | add-sub-mul-div wrote:
           | It's even more nuanced than that, there's the type of task,
           | the person's learning style, the makeup of the specific task,
           | the manner of feedback from performing it, whether there's
           | flexibility in performing it quickly or slowly. Only chronic
           | take-havers and bloggers will reduce it to one or two
           | variables.
        
         | ehnto wrote:
         | I don't think they were suggesting that at all. It is not an
         | on/off feature flag, people learn in different ways. People
         | learn in different measures of many ways, even in the one
         | person.
         | 
         | School typically only caters to one type of learning, and it
         | actually wouldn't matter which type since only focusing on one
         | always leaves out the other.
         | 
         | Lastly, if you can only learn one way, and it is a defect, what
         | do you expect them to do? Genetically modify themselves?
         | Chemically correct themselves? They're kids, they need to be
         | catered for, they can't do it for themselves.
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | So your claim is that one can learn how to do something simply
         | by being told, and not doing any practice problems, thought
         | exercises, reviewing solutions, etc?
         | 
         | No, your claim is even stronger - that anyone who doesn't learn
         | that way has a learning disability?
         | 
         | I think either version is far too strong a statement.
         | 
         | Regardless I think it's trivially true that one learns by doing
         | primarily or possibly exclusively. When I think of all the
         | practice problems or "think through implications" that I have
         | to do before being competent enough to claim i know
         | something... Let alone my first attempt at applying the
         | knowledge. That's all "doing".
        
         | wrs wrote:
         | Based on my several decades of life experience, I would say the
         | point is there's hardly anything useful that you can learn
         | _without doing_. And there are many things that you can't do
         | without leaving the traditional classroom environment. That's
         | why schools have chem labs, wood shops, kitchens,
         | orchestras...oh wait, do they have those anymore?
         | 
         | Another point is that you can't really learn a skill unless
         | there are _stakes_ - a real goal you need to accomplish, real
         | customers, real coworkers. Grades aren't real stakes; at least
         | I didn't regard them as such.
         | 
         | I've seen this over and over through the years as new college
         | grads arrive who know a lot _about_ things but have no idea how
         | to _do_ those things. Unless they went to a school with a good
         | co-op program.
        
       | OutOfHere wrote:
       | School was the most hated period of life. It's so much more fun
       | to learn by oneself, by reading and watching coupled with doing.
       | 
       | I think we've yet to stumble upon a form that combines these
       | three actions into one medium. Perhaps AI-guided doing (in
       | simulation) will be the way.
        
         | pxc wrote:
         | > It's so much more fun to learn by oneself
         | 
         | Maybe if you're stuck in a classroom with unmotivated people,
         | or your classmates are much slower than you, or the class is
         | huge and your teacher doesn't give a shit about teaching. But
         | in the absence of a severe case of some incidental problem like
         | that, I've found the opposite to be true.
         | 
         | Besides that, a lot of classes _are_ centered primarily on
         | learning by oneself anyway. Many of my favorite classes in
         | college were simply too fast-paced to allow students to rely on
         | lecture time to pick up the material. Most of the learning was
         | driven by out-of-class study, while lecture time was
         | essentially used (along with office hours) as a chance to ask
         | questions and catch up. In those classes I had the dual
         | pleasures of exploring the material in solitude and testing my
         | understanding with others who likewise were exploring the same
         | wonders (and sometimes struggling with them) for the first
         | time. It was great!
         | 
         | Admittedly, I was generally extremely unhappy in high school,
         | and even in college I often felt frustrated with the
         | arbitrariness of assignments and grades. But for me, as
         | studying _with others_ , especially people who were smart and
         | passionate, was one of the best parts of both. (Generally,
         | college was better due to a greater sense of freedom and
         | (eventually) classes that were much more challenging in a way
         | that felt meaningful.)
        
           | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
           | Not sure about you, but in class I was forced to study an
           | enormous amount of stuff I didn't care about, so I needed to
           | memorize and pass the test, that's it.
           | 
           | Wasted time.
           | 
           | Yeah the class composition probably matters, I wish a
           | universe where what you described make sense.
        
       | xrd wrote:
       | Does this mean I shouldn't worry about my 11 year old son and his
       | fixation on video games right now? It looks like you either
       | figure out when you are 12 or 13 or you don't. That's the moment
       | parents should be watching carefully.
        
         | Fire-Dragon-DoL wrote:
         | It's so hard. My passion for videogames funnelled my passion
         | for programming, which eventually became stronger, but there is
         | no doubt I played too much videogames at that age (damn
         | mmorpgs)
        
       | youoy wrote:
       | School is not enough, learning by doing is not enough... The
       | sweet spot lies as always in the middle. Certain things can only
       | be learnt by doing, some things are learnt x100 faster if you
       | learn the theory first.
       | 
       | The most valuable thing is learning when to apply each type of
       | learning, and the best way to learn that is with different kind
       | of mentors. I guess the well known people that he lists as
       | examples had a lot of those. For me that is the differentiator.
        
       | Der_Einzige wrote:
       | Those that can't do, teach.
        
         | youoy wrote:
         | And those that can't teach?
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | A lot of them teach
        
           | cryptoboy2283 wrote:
           | Become scrum masters
        
       | treflop wrote:
       | I present a different analysis:
       | 
       | - All of us are more naturally talented at some things.
       | 
       | - When you end up working with your natural talents, you have it
       | easier than everyone else.
       | 
       | - Working in your talents often translates to passion, and that's
       | how you get the so called "agency."
       | 
       | - To find your talents, you have to try everything once (e.g.
       | wakeboarding, tennis, programming, accounting).
       | 
       | - More well off parents can offer their kids more opportunities
       | to find their talents.
       | 
       | - Schooling and "doing" are orthogonal to finding your talents.
       | Neither learning or doing will tell you your talents, passion, or
       | give you agency, but you should do them both anyway.
        
         | have_faith wrote:
         | Not sure if I agree with this. Obviously if you have a natural
         | talent for something, it's easier to be good at it. Most people
         | though can be very good, great even, at something they simply
         | decide to practice. Most people don't "actively" practice
         | though, even if they are "doing" something. Purposeful practice
         | is very different from doing.
        
           | treflop wrote:
           | I'm not saying talent is enough.
           | 
           | I'm just speaking from my experience. I put a lot of practice
           | into things that I am also talented at and life is good.
           | _shrug_
           | 
           | I put practice into other things like cooking and music too
           | but I'm not going to become a chef or play music for anything
           | but fun.
        
       | jillesvangurp wrote:
       | There is a point he's not making that's important here: the
       | ability to learn and absorb knowledge peaks when people are
       | young. What you do around that time matters. If you waste your
       | time, you never get it back later.
       | 
       | The modern education system emerged as part of the industrial
       | revolution. It's purpose was not to produce enlightened
       | individuals but to produce productive/obedient laborers. People
       | needed to know how to read/write and do simple calculations.
       | Maybe a bit of math on the side. And there had to be some kind of
       | system to rescue the really smart boys (mostly at the time) from
       | being wasted on blue collar work and get them on some track to
       | higher education. But mostly universities were for the upper
       | class. You were born into that, not cherry picked from the lower
       | classes. Education was about getting lower class kids up-to a
       | lowish standard so they could be productive. And modern education
       | hasn't really improved that much.
       | 
       | We have an opportunity to rethink education. Like many, I had
       | lots of different teachers in high school and in university. Some
       | really amazing, some not that great. Being a high school teacher
       | is a tough job. It's a very rigid program that is sort of
       | standardized for everyone. Mostly there isn't a lot of wiggle
       | room to go beyond that. Lots of kids have trouble dealing with
       | that and they kind of drop out or fail.
       | 
       | The opportunity with AI is that education can be much more
       | personalized now. Anybody can get access to that. For free even.
       | Education no longer has to be a group thing where everybody does
       | the same things, gets the same tests, and then get the OK stamp
       | of approval to be unleashed on an indifferent job market. Lots of
       | people just coast through high school so they can finally start
       | their lives not realizing that they just burned up their most
       | important quarter of it.
       | 
       | I love Neal Stephenson's the The Diamond Age: Or, A Young Lady's
       | Illustrated Primer which is about a poor young orphaned girl
       | getting her hands on an AI powered book that starts teaching her
       | and adapts to her context. That's slowly becoming science fact
       | with modern LLMs.
        
         | grugagag wrote:
         | Don't throw the babies with the bath water, education as a
         | group thing is good as long as all in the group are at the
         | similar level, it becomes even efficient when students
         | stimulate one another. Also being part of the group students
         | learn more about interacting in groups. Then problem is that
         | these groups are mostly made up of students at different
         | levels, abilities and so on.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | > There is a point he's not making that's important here: the
         | ability to learn and absorb knowledge peaks when people are
         | young.
         | 
         | Maybe that's true, maybe it's not.
         | 
         | Either way, at 60, on a daily basis in my life, almost all the
         | skills I use were thing I learned after I turned 25 (and most
         | of them after 30). That includes cooking, woodworking,
         | programming, swimming and host of others.
         | 
         | My stepfather used to say (he probably still would if given the
         | chance) that the point of school (by which he meant what in the
         | US is called K-12) is _learning how to learn_. I agree with
         | 100% (surprise!) - the reason I have been able to learn things
         | in later life is because I got an excellent opportunity to
         | learn how to learn when I was younger.
         | 
         | > The opportunity with AI is that education can be much more
         | personalized now.
         | 
         | I don't even know what this means. The best education consists
         | of a situation (sometimes created by a teacher) that provides a
         | given individual with the opportunity and motivation to acquire
         | some knowledge about something. I do not see what AI can
         | possibly have to do with creating such situations.
        
         | botanical76 wrote:
         | Introducing AI into education will be non trivial. This is
         | difficulty is observable already in my experience.
         | 
         | When offering advice on how to learn how to program, I have to
         | heavily recommend that students try their best to avoid the use
         | of AI. Whereas previously the best advice I could give was to
         | "build something", it is now possible to build a piece of
         | software without understanding it at all. I have observed this
         | myself with Rust; I have built a few programs now by repeatedly
         | prompting AI models. I have even been quite engaged in
         | designing the architecture, guiding the programs towards
         | patterns that my intuition as a programmer says will be good
         | for Rust too. The software works, but I can't help but feel I
         | have learned nothing at all. Building something is now
         | insufficient to learn, at least in the domain of programming.
         | 
         | I feel there will be far more compilations we will have to
         | address in order to benefit from AI in education. That said, I
         | am still optimistic that it will be a net positive force.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > It's purpose was not to produce enlightened individuals but
         | to produce productive/obedient laborers.
         | 
         | I hear this all the time, but I've never seen any evidence of
         | it.
        
           | swatcoder wrote:
           | In reflecting on the history of formal education, it's
           | necessry to separate the Oxbride tradition of grooming future
           | aristocrats and nobles from the rise of compulsory public
           | education at the end of the 19th century, which is a responds
           | to a variety of challenges raised by both industrialization
           | and modern cities.
           | 
           | For a retrospective review of that history, with extensive
           | citations, Ivan Illich's Deschooling Society can get you
           | started on your own research. His book is fundamentally
           | polemical because he was invested in his opinions about the
           | past, the present, and the future, but the bibliography and
           | citations prove useful for this topic even if you don't buy
           | his summary perspective.
           | 
           | There are of course many other primary and secondary
           | treatments contemporary to the time, that you can review
           | without reading through Illich's polemics, some of which are
           | very easy to find in the Harper's Magazine archives.
           | 
           | What you'll find, broadly, os that there was very little said
           | of the idealism we now attribute to enlightment and almost
           | all of the dialog about modern public education, especially
           | compulsory -- by both proponets and critics -- was quite
           | practical, focused on what schooling and education would
           | acheive (or sacrifice) for industry, social cohesion,
           | cultural diversity/uniformity, crime, child welfare,
           | political alignment, and national identity.
           | 
           | IOW, "I've never seen any evidence" is understandable (we
           | each only have so much time to study), but it's not for some
           | lack of that evidence.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | > Education no longer has to be a group thing where everybody
         | does the same things
         | 
         | The problem with self-directed education is one does not know
         | which direction to go. By following a program, you're following
         | a path of learning what you need to know that you don't know
         | you need to know.
         | 
         | For example, what kind of math would you need to know to do
         | mechanical engineering? Hydraulics? Electronics? Physics?
         | Astrogation? Signal processing? It's all different.
        
           | jillesvangurp wrote:
           | It doesn't have to be self directed but it can still be
           | individualized. One on one teaching is the goto solution for
           | the rich and wealthy. With AI that can be extended to
           | everyone.
           | 
           | Schools don't really adapt to the individual currently. It
           | works for the average student but there are lots of students
           | that don't do well with that. And it doesn't really get the
           | best out of people.
        
       | Nifty3929 wrote:
       | I think the title doesn't go far enough, as it removes the
       | "sufficient" part but leaves alone the "necessary" part.
       | 
       | School is neither necessary nor sufficient for achievement.
       | Certainly education, in some form, must be required. E.g.
       | learning to read and perform basic math, but "school" as it's
       | known today is not the only way, nor likely even a good way, to
       | learn those skills.
        
       | vm wrote:
       | The author hits on a powerful point that is getting missed in
       | this HN discussion. That is: talented and driven students are
       | limited by the US education system.
       | 
       | Some of those young people cultivate skill by getting practice
       | during youth. Doing that while young builds a compounding machine
       | of personal interest + confidence + progress.
       | 
       | I have never seen broad data to support this, so discussions
       | revolve around anecdotes[1]. That's fine by me though because we
       | have countless examples of the legends of their craft who fit
       | that mold: bill gates, zuck, warren buffett, taylor swift,
       | mozart, da vinci... the list is long.
       | 
       | No single system will work for every single student. But that
       | isn't the point. The point is that the best of the best deserve
       | to feed their interests at a young age, which the current US
       | upbringing limits. How many more bill gates and zuck-level
       | creators could the world have if more talented youths could
       | cultivate their talents very early in life?
       | 
       | [1] Although not broad data, the thinking behind these works
       | build on a similar point: Thiel Fellowship
       | [https://thielfellowship.org/]; PG's essay How to Do Great Work
       | [https://paulgraham.com/greatwork.html]
        
         | heroprotagonist wrote:
         | Well, just look at the design. State education is designed to
         | get ~97% of pupils to some minimum education level.
         | 
         | That means the coursework and schedules are designed
         | specifically for the lowest common denominator of a student.
         | 
         | This means that if you're anything but, say, the bottom 20% of
         | students, public school isn't an efficient use of time for you.
         | You should be learning more in the same amount of time.
         | 
         | There are a lot of other problems with it too, but that's the
         | most egregious. If education was more efficient, a lot of the
         | other problems with it could be solved as well.
        
         | haccount wrote:
         | With a competent tutor, material and emotional support you
         | don't need to cultivate talents, you simply create complex
         | skills. You typically don't search so much for a hidden talent
         | in a child as leverage their neuroplasticity and accelerated
         | learning to lay a life-long foundation.
         | 
         | But this doesn't come cheap, and tutoring is also going a bit
         | out of style, regrettably.
        
         | pyrale wrote:
         | Well I wouldn't mind a few less Zucks and a few more e.g.
         | Doudna.
        
       | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
       | There's a fundamental reason why doing, and learning from doing,
       | is necessary to learn (to do), and can't be replaced with book
       | learning.
       | 
       | Maybe stated like this it sounds obvious, but it runs counter to
       | people expecting LLMs to learn to do things for themselves by
       | "book learning" (pre-training), unless regurgitating artifacts
       | from the training set is all you need.
       | 
       | The issue is that intelligence and action are prediction (with
       | motor cortex output predictions driving muscles and becoming
       | action - a useful insight/framing from Jeff Hawkins)... In order
       | to act well, you need to learn to predict/react well, but these
       | predictions need to be based on your OWN state per the sensory
       | inputs you are receiving. Learning to predict what someone else
       | would do (being book smart) doesn't help when you're the actor,
       | where the predictions need to be based on your own internal
       | state.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | An earlier version of this article was discussed at the time:
       | 
       |  _The most precious resource is agency_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=27695181 - July 2021 (325
       | comments)
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | High school dropout, here.
       | 
       | I didn't drop out, because I was wildly successful.
       | 
       | Exactly the opposite, in fact.
       | 
       | The process of climbing out of the wreckage is what helped me to
       | become _[moderately]_ successful.
       | 
       | I doubt anyone here, would be impressed by my career path, but
       | I'm happier than I ever thought that I could be, now.
       | 
       | I think the apprenticeship model is really the best way to learn
       | in a practical manner.
       | 
       | But that involves things like staying with employers for more
       | than a year, and also, employers treating their employees in a
       | way that makes them want to stay.
       | 
       | It also works with unions, because they have a whole
       | infrastructure, wrapped around it.
        
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