[HN Gopher] I discovered mysterious hidden signals on a public r...
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       I discovered mysterious hidden signals on a public radio channel
       (2013) [video]
        
       Author : joebig
       Score  : 247 points
       Date   : 2024-10-27 00:09 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (media.ccc.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (media.ccc.de)
        
       | quink wrote:
       | (2013)
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Added above. Thanks!
        
       | jfdi wrote:
       | We need a tl;dr on this one!
        
         | alwa wrote:
         | At a very quick skim, seems she detected and decoded the RDS
         | signal in the 57kHz subcarrier of an FM broadcast.
         | 
         | https://www.mediarealm.com.au/articles/fm-rds-radio-data-sys...
        
           | anthonyeden wrote:
           | That Media Realm site is mine. Thanks for linking! RDS is one
           | of those technologies that's been around for decades and
           | still amazes people. You can buy hardware encoders for about
           | AU$500 these days, and I love introducing stations to it and
           | getting their name and song data to show up on car radios.
        
         | melenaboija wrote:
         | This is the blog post[1] from the presenter explaining part of
         | it, with this request in the messages lol:
         | 
         | - Sad to request, but can you take thisoffline. It is kind of
         | our service you hacked :)
         | 
         | [1]https://www.windytan.com/2013/05/a-determined-hacker-
         | decrypt...
        
           | alwa wrote:
           | Thank you for that! I didn't have the patience for the video,
           | but I found her pen-and-paper decryption in that blog post
           | absolutely lovely.
        
           | lelandfe wrote:
           | That "take this post down on the first appearance of any
           | complaint from any party" tact sure changed in a hurry, huh
        
         | TechDebtDevin wrote:
         | 1.75x, I can't watch any video at any other speed at this
         | point.
        
           | squarefoot wrote:
           | Ever tried with Louis Rossmanns or Network Chuck videos? I
           | can't watch them at more than 0.75.
        
       | amatecha wrote:
       | The actual title of the page is "My journey into FM-RDS" which
       | definitely gives a better summary than what the current HN title
       | says.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | I had switched it to that, but then noticed that joebig had
         | used the subtitle, which is also legit.
        
         | lostemptations5 wrote:
         | I would have never read your title. The whole reason I clicked
         | was because of the mystery element.
        
           | jonex wrote:
           | To me it sounded like click bait. So I checked comments and
           | concluded that it was indeed about the very visible RDS
           | signal and not some hidden channel used by some secretive
           | agency that would indeed be somewhat mysterious.
           | 
           | I don't think the fact that it worked in generating clicks is
           | really an argument for bait titles. Given the positive
           | comments about the content I think some editorializing could
           | have been helpful to focus on the hacking journey aspect
           | though, which seems to be the point rather the specifics of
           | RDS itself.
        
           | CyberDildonics wrote:
           | Why do you need to be manipulated into reading something?
           | When it turns out they are calling standard radio data
           | "mysterious" don't you feel lied to?
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Isn't that the definition of clickbait?
        
       | ddtaylor wrote:
       | I love the CCC website and the fact they host their own videos
       | for a lot of reasons, but for some folks here is the YouTube
       | video link:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CnnbFWTNxZI
        
         | kchr wrote:
         | They seem happy to host media for other conferences as well! <3
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | For what folks would that be, then? Genuinely wondering why
         | you'd want to click the big tech instead of self hosted link
         | instead
        
           | runj__ wrote:
           | Someone wanting to subscribe to the YT-channel? I don't visit
           | 500+ blogs per day just to check if there's something new. I
           | do miss Google Reader, I think about it almost every single
           | day, I tried using other tools but I really think the RSS-era
           | is over.
        
             | musictubes wrote:
             | Maybe I'm doing it wrong but RSS works just fine most of
             | the time for me. I use NewsBlur and does everything I need
             | and more. What did reader have that no other RSS service
             | doesn't?
        
               | ddtaylor wrote:
               | There was an alternate timeline where RSS went on to
               | prosper. Instead it turned out like OpenID - a standard
               | most aren't really using and it's all just SSO instead.
        
           | immibis wrote:
           | If you're on a smartphone, the Youtube app probably works
           | better than whatever browser you're using. On the flip side,
           | it probably has ads.
        
       | matthberg wrote:
       | I found on her website [1] that she released a RDS decoder tool
       | [2] relatively recently (compared to the 2013 of the video at
       | least). Looks like it works with a USB RTL-SDR [3] receiver or a
       | pre-recorded file in a number of formats.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.windytan.com
       | 
       | [2]: https://github.com/windytan/redsea
       | 
       | [3]: https://www.rtl-sdr.com/about-rtl-sdr
        
       | alfiedotwtf wrote:
       | "So I got to work"...
       | 
       | I love that hacker mindset :)
        
       | sriram_malhar wrote:
       | This was a such a refreshing talk. She was monitoring the FM
       | channel using a spectrum analyser (as one does, of course, haha)
       | and got curious about this strange signal showing up next to the
       | FM radio Channel.
       | 
       | The talk is about her attempts to learn about the Radio RDS
       | (Radio Data System) standard, using a sound card to decode
       | signals, finding a bit of bus-related information in that stream
       | is weakly encrypted and proceeding to chasing it down. Very
       | entertaining.
       | 
       | I'm so glad such people exist. I wish I could be one of these
       | fearless and supremely knowledgeable people!
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | > I wish I could be one of these fearless and supremely
         | knowledgeable people!
         | 
         | There's no trick to it (or there's a massive trick to it), you
         | just refuse to let a mystery go until you know what's
         | happening, mostly because figuring things out is fun.
         | 
         | In the process, you gain a large amount of knowledge.
        
           | smetj wrote:
           | It comes down to genuine, natural unforced interest (its
           | there or not) and mastering the ability to systematically
           | deal with and how to tackle the next unknown. After years
           | this make you a true wizard.
        
           | deskr wrote:
           | > mostly because figuring things out is fun
           | 
           | I also think that figuring things out is one of life's most
           | rewarding experiences.
           | 
           | But I've found out a lot of people don't think like that.
           | I've often been asked "but why are you doing this" on the
           | topic of my "eccentric" projects. People often can't
           | understand why I find it fascinating because they would only
           | find it tormenting.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | What if the data is encrypted? Do you keep on trying in a
           | brute-force way?
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | You do whatever you think is fun, what do you mean?
        
       | xattt wrote:
       | I'm curious how folks who have the know-how to dissect a
       | phenomenon "miss the forest for the trees" when they stumble upon
       | a "mysterious" signal.
       | 
       | Alternate data streams in FM like RDS, IBOC audio and FM time are
       | not some new-fangled tech. This would/should be the first place
       | to go to if you saw a signal that's not modulated to analog
       | audio.
       | 
       | Of course, the whole mystery aspect is just a hook and helps move
       | the story along.
        
         | therein wrote:
         | Yeah more realistically it was like:
         | 
         | > I was looking at FM radio channels on SDR (rtlsdr came out in
         | 2010) and noticed the RDS. So I looked into it.
        
         | sriram_malhar wrote:
         | Oona (the author) knew about the existence of such things; it
         | wasn't a mystery. The only reason it was strange is that
         | because her radio had been knocked about during a move, it was
         | strangely down-shifting the data channel ... she was not
         | monitoring the FM (from what I could make out), but the actual
         | audio from the radio.
         | 
         | This was just ('just' for her, impressive for me) an exercise
         | of going down the rabbit hole, and then curating that tour for
         | us.
        
           | ezcrypt wrote:
           | Rather, I don't think the data channel was actually down-
           | shifted, but that it wasn't filtered out (probably due to a
           | broken analog filtering circuit after the fall), so it was
           | still outside of the audible spectrum but available to the
           | sound card and hence visible in her software spectrum
           | analyzer. It also sounded like she was seeing some aliasing
           | effect, i.e. that the data signal was probably out of band
           | for the sound card ADC, but "folded" down into the sampler
           | frequency range due to Nyquist folding "magic" (which is
           | maybe what you meant with "down-shifting", now that I think
           | about it?).
        
             | sriram_malhar wrote:
             | She does speak of aliasing.
        
       | 0898 wrote:
       | One thing I often wonder about with RDS: How do they stop the
       | traffic alert ("TA") feature being abused by stations to grab
       | listeners?
        
         | looperhacks wrote:
         | I think nobody has to prevent abuse because listeners will
         | either turn off traffic alerts or switch to a different
         | channel.
         | 
         | Besides that, FM broadcasting isn't a lawless place and is
         | regulated by the government. Abuse will most likely lead to
         | some kind of penalty, but I can't be bothered to read through
         | the laws to confirm it :P
        
         | fhars wrote:
         | The same way the prevent stations from broadcasting 90 seconds
         | or more of pure silence: you loose your license if you do.
        
           | GranPC wrote:
           | > broadcasting 90 seconds or more of pure silence
           | 
           | Have a link or info on this? Sounds interesting but can't
           | find anything.
        
             | fhars wrote:
             | It is a rule in Germany, I know about it because we did
             | some distributed cooperation stuff with community radio
             | stations and some hacking events during the pandemic, and
             | making sure that no matter what happens with the network
             | between the speakers, the coordinating host, and server of
             | the radio station, we never send out silence, was quite an
             | important concern. I can't quote you the exact line of the
             | law,though.
        
         | GJim wrote:
         | They don't.
         | 
         | Back in the day, it wasn't uncommon for pirate radio stations
         | to drum up listeners by using TA to advertise short snippets.
        
         | teeray wrote:
         | The almighty FCC fine is the deterrent
        
         | ARob109 wrote:
         | Not sure about TA, but definitely saw radio station in
         | Indianapolis using RDS to broadcast advertisements. In between
         | the artist/song info, ads for an injury lawyer appeared.
         | Thought it was super lame use of RDS.
        
       | stavros wrote:
       | This was great, I love these rabbit holes people go down, and
       | it's great when they then share the results. Very fun watch.
        
       | user3939382 wrote:
       | I was picking up WCBS in NYC at 5.105 GHz, near the antenna at
       | Empire State. Never could figure it out, their engineers didn't
       | know why either.
        
         | wildzzz wrote:
         | It was probably getting picked up by some component in a
         | microwave transmitter and getting mixed into the signal.
        
       | yarg wrote:
       | This makes me wonder, how do you reliably and securely encode
       | steganographic content for distribution within a noisy medium?
        
         | ezcrypt wrote:
         | In this case I think it's mostly about using different sub-
         | carriers (kind of a "channel in the channel"), so that the data
         | information and the audio are separated in frequency and do not
         | disturb each other. That's generally called Frequency Division
         | Multiple Access (FDMA), IIRC.
         | 
         | Another more advanced technique is Code Division Multiple
         | Access (CDMA), e.g. used by GPS and some mobile communication
         | modulation schemes. It allows you to have multiple senders on a
         | single radio carrier frequency, and the receiver "selects"
         | which sender to listen to by knowing its "code".
         | 
         | There's also Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), i.e. senders
         | take turns sending content in allocated time slots.
        
       | Aachen wrote:
       | Wow, was that 2013? I saw this talk irl, can't believe it has
       | been that long
        
       | Zigurd wrote:
       | Are there still apps and the underlying hardware in smartphones
       | to receive and decode FM RDS? IIRC some phone chips had FM radio
       | receivers, but there were limitations like needing a wired
       | headphone plugged in so that the headphone cable could be used as
       | an antenna. I know a USB SDR could do it, but it would be neat if
       | this were still a latent capability in the phone.
       | 
       | Of course I did a search in the Play Store but it's crowded with
       | streaming radio apps and SDR apps.
        
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       (page generated 2024-10-27 23:01 UTC)