[HN Gopher] All the electricity you'll need for 40 years
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       All the electricity you'll need for 40 years
        
       Author : mwfogleman
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2024-10-26 08:47 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.innerpathing.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.innerpathing.com)
        
       | artificialprint wrote:
       | People forget that solar panels don't grow on the trees, battery
       | packs especially have very large footprint and their
       | manufacturing is resource intensive.
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | They should use potato's as electricity source, they just need
         | a couple hundred tone, as potato sort of grows on trees
        
         | ximeng wrote:
         | From the article:
         | 
         | Solar panels and batteries depend on a global supply chain and
         | take their own toll on the environment, but the life cycle
         | emission of solar is ~40 gCO2/kWh, 25x lower than coal's 1,000
         | gCO2/kWh. And buying solar fuels innovation--such as
         | alternatives to lithium-ion batteries now on the horizon.
        
         | shadowpho wrote:
         | Everything is relative though. Bikes also don't grow on trees
         | but they are several orders of magnitude more green then cars.
        
       | candiddevmike wrote:
       | This seems like a "green brag" without much substance. Great that
       | this person is privileged enough to afford solar panels, I guess.
       | Nothing to be learned here though: no wire diagrams, placement
       | schematics, or BoM. Just someone telling everyone how green they
       | are.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | The idea is the important part. The details (wiring schematics
         | and so on) are not. The cost of solar is rapidly approaching
         | where you're prepaying for your energy for the rest of your
         | life with a few thousand dollars. You can get solar panels for
         | 10 cents/watt today, for example. That price will potentially
         | continue to decline (historically, price has declined ~20% for
         | every global doubling of PV manufacturing capacity).
         | 
         | churchill's comment provides a similar example:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41965228 (2.7 year payback
         | in Nigeria, cheaper per kWh than utility rate of 12 cents/kWh)
         | 
         | The engineering of energy abundance and democratization of
         | energy globally continues. That's the story.
         | 
         | https://ourworldindata.org/data-insights/solar-panel-prices-...
         | 
         | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/solar-pv-prices
         | 
         | https://www.pv-tech.org/solar-lcoe-continues-to-decrease-glo...
        
         | titanomachy wrote:
         | It doesn't sound like it's that expensive. Certainly less than
         | most households pay for electricity, although I imagine they
         | also use less than most people judging by their very tiny
         | house. Probably some kind of financing available to reduce the
         | initial capital outlay.
         | 
         | Unless you just mean they're privileged in the sense that most
         | Americans and Europeans are relatively well-off and secure by
         | global standards, in which case sure, but what's your point?
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | I agree about this article being vapid, but at least it does
         | introduce the fact that PV doesn't degrade. A lot of people
         | have been poisoned by oil industry propaganda that every PV
         | panel needs to be trashed in 20 years.
        
         | stonethrowaway wrote:
         | I wouldn't say so honestly. In the pantheon of green bragging
         | you can do much, much worse. I think these folks are more down
         | the earth given they recognize their mortality and that what
         | they've got here will outlive them, but in general they are
         | gridless people and as such a bit outside of the benefits of
         | bragging.
         | 
         | The shit shows unfolding elsewhere fall into hypocritical
         | territory - concerned about climate change yet are regularly
         | flying. For these folks here, I'm willing to be more
         | charitable. Looking forward to seeing more photos of,
         | hopefully, simpler life.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | The solar panels are cheap. It's the multi-acre lot with a lake
         | that's expensive.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | I've mounted ~8kw of solar on a south facing roof in ~4 hours
           | with two other people. You need not multi acre lots, only a
           | surface that can see the sky mostly unobstructed, although if
           | you've got the land and aren't using it, ground mount solar
           | is cheaper, faster, and safer to deploy.
           | 
           | (In the United States, the majority of housing units are
           | single-family houses - about 82 million out of the total 129
           | million occupied units in 2021)
        
       | ramesh31 wrote:
       | TIL mud huts are "solarpunk" and "Pinterest worthy" so long as
       | you're doing it in the US.
        
         | EQYV wrote:
         | Honest question, why is this your reaction? Why are people on
         | this forum so unwilling to be happy for others? I have noticed
         | that this attitude is extremely prominent in tech. Everything
         | is either perfect (according to the person making the
         | judgement) or it's utterly worthy of ridicule. I am growing
         | very, very tired of seeing this throughout tech.
        
           | ramesh31 wrote:
           | >Why are people on this forum so unwilling to be happy for
           | others?
           | 
           | It's a particularly offensive part of white culture that
           | fetishizes a "return to the land" while billions around the
           | world are trapped miserably eeking out that existence with
           | literally zero opportunity to ever have anything else.
           | 
           | The only reason you feel "happy" for them is because you know
           | its a cosplay charade they could walk away from at any time.
           | Otherwise we would call this what it is; destitute poverty.
        
             | saaaaaam wrote:
             | We posted the same time. You said it better than I did!
             | 
             | But - cosplay - 100%
        
             | alamortsubite wrote:
             | It sounds like you may be conflating wealth with
             | consumption. What these people have, and what billions
             | around the world do not, is financial freedom.
        
             | dgacmu wrote:
             | It would be a mistake to think their experience is anything
             | close to that of people in poverty, regardless of their
             | ability to walk away from it. Poverty doesn't involve
             | affording the capital outlay for $16k of
             | solar/battery/hardware to give you 24x7 heat, heated water,
             | electricity, and _an electric car_.
             | 
             | They're trying to have a developed world quality of life in
             | a low-resource/low-cost way. In some ways, beyond average
             | developed world quality of life: the place they're living
             | is stinkin' gorgeous.
             | 
             | I don't know if it's generally practical for most people or
             | even as energy efficient as living in a modest apartment in
             | a large city (the transportation issues around food,
             | medicine, and necessities factor in), but it's not an
             | uninteresting thing to explore.
        
           | saaaaaam wrote:
           | I suspect that the comment was provoked by the term
           | "solarpunk".
           | 
           | For many people in non first world countries this sort of
           | existence is standard - not something to be blogged about
           | with artfully composed photos carefully edited and posted to
           | the internet.
           | 
           | So I guess the comment was provoked by something like that.
           | It was certainly one of my reactions reading the piece. I
           | also thought "oh that's cool, I wonder how they did it" but
           | it was very short on detail, made up for by self-
           | congratulatory back patting.
           | 
           | Maybe the person making the comment lives in a developing
           | country and finds it a little jarring to see "solarpunk"
           | cosplay.
        
             | unethical_ban wrote:
             | /dismissive handwave
             | 
             | I think you and the other person are reading far too deep
             | into one person's contentment with a humble living space.
             | It's clear they are safe and comfortable; that doesn't
             | translate in any way to suggesting other places where this
             | living style (sans electricity or safety) should just pick
             | themselves up by their bootstraps.
        
       | twarge wrote:
       | Solar allows one to prepay for power. Would be nice to see more
       | efficient financing for it.
       | 
       | Using solar to heat and cool, heat water and run your dryer is
       | quite a bit more. And generally doing the HVAC efficiently
       | requires a large investment in insulation. Those non solar costs
       | may dominate.
        
       | sdk77 wrote:
       | It's nice to have solar panels, I have them too and while they do
       | generate even more electricity than I need, they do so in around
       | 6 to 7 months peaking in July. So in winter, it's grid power and
       | in summer I might need to pay to feed in the surplus. This is in
       | the Netherlands. It's kind of sad to see all that electricity
       | unused in summer, and knowing I could have enough for all of the
       | winter if only there was some way to store it, all of the 1MWh..
        
         | spacesanjeet wrote:
         | Isn't there a way to sell the unused solar power to the grid in
         | summers and during winters the grid sends back the power needed
         | to you at a discounted price?
        
           | sdk77 wrote:
           | Well, until '27, I'm allowed to use the grid as a free
           | battery, basically, this is a kind of government subsidy. But
           | that will end, and the contracts available will be fixed
           | price with a feed in tariff or dynamic (realtime) market
           | price, but then prices can and have been negative during peak
           | solar hours. A battery can solve this only for a bit, and
           | maybe with smart algorithms it can be trading on the
           | electricity market full time, I'm not sure if that makes
           | enough money for the grid power in winter.. it's nice to
           | think about though.
        
           | ccozan wrote:
           | or you get a battery. Is just great. I have 3.5kw solar power
           | witha 9kwh battery. Very very seldom it switches to power
           | line. And this is in south Germany, maybe a bit sunnier than
           | north but still - it rains a lot/cloudy, sun is sparse.
        
             | skybrian wrote:
             | It seems like that works for daily cycles, but isn't that
             | very expensive storage for one cycle a year, which is what
             | you need to save energy for winter?
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Depends how close to the poles you are. A lot of the
               | world can do this fine by sizing the PV for winter; too
               | close to the poles and there's not going to work -- you
               | either need to diversify power generation by kind (wind,
               | wave, hydro, geothermal all work too, but again
               | geographically constrained) or by distance (the maths
               | says we can build an adequate and literally global power
               | grid for an affordable quantity of aluminium, shame about
               | the politics).
        
             | jjtheblunt wrote:
             | Any advice on battery brands and features you could share?
        
           | bitmasher9 wrote:
           | If every household did this we would have massive problems.
           | We would still need a base load amount in the winter, and in
           | the summer there would be an over abundance. The price of
           | electricity would swing between essentially free in the
           | summer to higher than normal in the winter, because the cost
           | of operating base grid power would be about same but they
           | would need to cover all operating costs during the winter.
        
             | fallingsquirrel wrote:
             | Utilities should charge a separate connection fee and per-
             | kWh rate if that's what matches the economic reality of
             | their business. I don't see the summer abundance as an
             | issue. It means we get to shut off the fossil fuels 8
             | months out of the year. The remaining 4 months, everyone
             | pays a little more per kWh, averaging out to the same cost
             | over a full year. What's not to like?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | The economic viability of a fossil fuel plant that's only
               | used 4 months out of the year.
               | 
               | If the plant shuts down because it's no longer
               | economically viable/doesn't cover operating costs, what
               | happens next winter?
        
               | forgetfreeman wrote:
               | Ostensibly it gets replaced by a grid storage array and
               | sufficient renewable inputs.
        
               | dtech wrote:
               | The electricity price in the winter will go up until
               | either the plants are viable again or alternatives become
               | viable.
        
         | Gare wrote:
         | Maybe you could use the IJsselmeer as a pumped storage hydro ;)
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | > ... in summer I might need to pay to feed in the surplus.
         | 
         | You're allowed to just disconnect solar panels. It's free and
         | does not damage them.
        
           | sdk77 wrote:
           | Sure. Of course. Not being allowed to disconnect them would
           | be ridiculous. But do you want to keep an eye on the market
           | every day, and run to the breaker to turn on an off your
           | inverter? No. So you need a solution for that. Then a battery
           | is much more interesting.
        
             | kleiba wrote:
             | This seems like a problem that should be relatively easy to
             | solve with technology.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | This is in fact what my home installation already does.
        
             | itishappy wrote:
             | Completely agree. I mainly mention it to dispel any notions
             | that solar panels can expose you to financial risk due to
             | negative energy prices. This is trivial to address.
             | Negative prices should only be a concern for plants that
             | can not be quickly or easily shut down, like thermal plants
             | (coal/gas/nuclear).
        
             | Larrikin wrote:
             | Could you just use Home Assistant to do this?
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Note: doing this manually every day (breaking the circuit)
             | can increase the risk of damaging your installation.
        
               | mikehotel wrote:
               | How can the use of a switch damage your installation?
        
               | GeoAtreides wrote:
               | inrush current, mechanical wear, thermal stress on some
               | components (mosfets, transformers, etc)...
        
         | titanomachy wrote:
         | > need to pay to feed back in the surplus
         | 
         | Why not have the panels disconnect themselves in this case? Is
         | this too small an expense to justify the cost of additional
         | hardware to manage switching on and off?
        
           | sdk77 wrote:
           | It all depends on the situation. Here in the Netherlands
           | almost everybody has an PV installation with no way other
           | than the breaker to turn it on and off. Some inverters do
           | have an interface, and sometimes it's available. Even less
           | people know anything about this at all, they just had panels
           | installed. The technical solution is simple, bit implementing
           | it will cost much more, I assume.
        
         | quailfarmer wrote:
         | All modern inverters have control interfaces that allow them to
         | fold back their power output on command, this can be set up to
         | track feed-in rates going negative.
        
         | theturtle32 wrote:
         | "pay to feed in the surplus"? In my U.S. context, this sounds
         | surprising: are you saying that sometimes the energy utility
         | CHARGES you money when you feed solar energy to the grid? That
         | sounds... bizarre?
        
           | dtech wrote:
           | When there is a lot of wind and sun simultaneously there is
           | effectively too much electricity supply on the net, and day-
           | ahead prices drop negative. This is partially fueled by flat
           | subsidies per unit produced (has been fixed for a while for
           | new installations), so producing when there's oversupply can
           | still be profitable. Also most households have a flat energy
           | rate and can amortize their energy usage over the year, so
           | they will always keep their solar panels on even if the
           | energy is less than worthless.
           | 
           | US pricing works very differently, especially in Texas.
        
           | pierot wrote:
           | Yes, prices can go negative if you have a dynamic energy
           | contract.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Purchasers want to make margin on anything. So they charge
           | this on the seller and then on buyer. Also with how markets
           | work it is not like there isn't risks or need to at least
           | some level forecast how much you will be buying and then
           | selling. So their cut also covers this work.
           | 
           | And finally electricity is a spot market. So there is agreed
           | price for certain period and in some cases market can be
           | distorted and that price can be negative. It could be idiotic
           | subsidies or production that can't be ramped as effectively.
           | Or someone does massive mistakes with their bids, think of
           | trading bots going wrong.
        
           | bdhdbebebeb wrote:
           | If I were to deliver you 1000 gallons of milk that expires in
           | 10 minutes*, would you pay me or want to charge me for that
           | priviledge. Assume you have enough milk already.
           | 
           | * (< 1 millisecond for electricity but hey for the milk
           | analogy say 10 minutes).
        
       | shadowpho wrote:
       | $88 amortized over 15 years is only $16k. It's really impressive
       | they can get it done for that much, although I suspect labor has
       | to be free at that cost. I'd be curious what batteries they went
       | with and how it's organized (aka the more technical side)
        
         | haccount wrote:
         | A $16k investment at 4% annual yield with quarterly payout re-
         | invested turns into $29k at the 15 year mark. So maybe
         | batteries and panels today feels like a good investment, but is
         | it the best?
        
       | indigoabstract wrote:
       | Looking at the posted pictures, it seems like they're living in
       | heaven. Good to know the panels will be good for at least 40
       | years.
       | 
       | Still, I'm kind of left wondering, where will they be in 40
       | years. Can life really be so predictable?
        
         | bitmasher9 wrote:
         | You can imagine a high probability that someone will be in the
         | home enjoying the power generated.
        
       | beedeebeedee wrote:
       | That's great. I wish we had more housing like this, especially if
       | we could build them into little hobbit villages. I would readily
       | live there
        
       | churchill wrote:
       | I live here in Nigeria where electricity has been epileptic since
       | I was born (I'm 23 now). Like, I live in one of the nicer suburbs
       | in my state, but 12h of power isn't guaranteed.
       | 
       | So, last year, I spent $7k on 8.4 KW of panels (400W * 21), an
       | inverter, and 20KWh of batteries.
       | 
       | It's been life-changing. I've been able to go completely off-
       | grid. Like, I disconnected from the grid (i.e., my meter)
       | completely. And my usage has gone up to around 50KWh daily (air
       | conditioners, fridges, etc.) but it hums along day-after-day.
       | That assurance that the power won't trip off while I'm on a
       | meeting with a client has done wonders for my mental health among
       | others. Just reliable, stable power.
       | 
       | And, given that I used to pay $0.12 per KWh, the whole setup will
       | pay for itself in 2.7 years. Just under two years to go.
        
         | haccount wrote:
         | This compared to my own experience shows how much location
         | matters for these things.
         | 
         | I live in a place with cheap and stable hydropower. There's
         | winter time price spikes but average solar earnings compared to
         | grid cost from solar during sunny months would be pocket
         | change. In winter solar would give virtually nothing.
         | 
         | The overwhelming conclusion was that instead of buying a pile
         | of hardware to install, configure and maintain I will earn more
         | by clicking a button that puts it as a financial investment
         | into anything with more than 2-3% annual yield and just paying
         | the electricity bill and reinvesting whatever is left over.
         | 
         | I wanted to find an edge case that would make me feel smart for
         | buying a multi kWh home battery but with the exception of a
         | market apocalypse or the likes every outcome suggests that I
         | just put it in dividend stock, high interest savings accounts
         | or whatever else until either power prices increase tenfold or
         | $/kWh for batteries drop tenfold.
        
           | churchill wrote:
           | Different strokes for different folks. If you already have
           | sufficiently reliable power and the savings won't beat the
           | S&P500, then I guess sticking to the grid makes more sense.
           | It's just the flexibility and reliability of solar I'm
           | commenting on, especially if you live close to the equator.
        
       | Nition wrote:
       | Just a note to the web designer: The footnote links don't account
       | for the fixed header, so the page always ends up with the
       | footnote hidden behind the header when the user clicks one. Needs
       | an 89 pixel offset.
        
       | skybrian wrote:
       | > Electric vehicles are mainstream and last longer than their gas
       | engine counterparts, with an estimated lifespan of 200,000 miles.
       | 
       | What's this based on? Don't many gas cars last that long? It
       | seems like it depends very much on how well you maintain them.
        
         | pryelluw wrote:
         | It also depends on the batteries themselves. An older Nissan
         | leaf? Doubt it. A newer Tesla? I sure hope so.
         | 
         | Im curious as to how car batteries will be repurposed to use
         | for energy storage. Once they degrade to the point of only
         | holding charge for short trips, can they still be used for
         | other scenarios that don't require as much from them?
        
           | stefs wrote:
           | They're already used for industrial storage of surplus solar-
           | and wind power.
           | 
           | I'm my opinion the big problem with electric cars are the
           | price of replacement batteries in combination with buying
           | used.
        
         | ben_w wrote:
         | I'm not sure about averages, but given the second hand pricing
         | I've seen: I thought after 100 or so megameters, even well
         | maintained internal combustion engines needed maintenance of a
         | price comparable to replacement?
        
           | forgetfreeman wrote:
           | Barring weird parts supply issues rebuilding an engine should
           | be significantly cheaper than purchasing a low mileage crate
           | replacement. Same with transmissions.
        
         | warble wrote:
         | 300k on my Toyota right now. Most modern ICE engines should
         | last 200k with no problems. EVs (other than the battery) should
         | last a million miles. Even the batteries are turning out to
         | last longer than everyone expected, ignoring some notable
         | notable failures.
        
           | skybrian wrote:
           | Betting on Teslas didn't work out so well for Hertz due to
           | expensive repairs. Rental cars take a beating, though.
        
       | quailfarmer wrote:
       | This is cool, and I wish I had a setup like that, but the premise
       | seems a bit hollow. Do they grow all the food they consume? What
       | about the energy needed to produce the electric car, host the
       | Substack? What about when they get sick? Do they stay off-grid,
       | or do they go to a modern hospital, which can only exist because
       | of urban industrial buildup.
       | 
       | It's cool to live off grid, but solarpunk-libertarianism is a
       | vibe, not a meaningful policy direction for modern society
        
       | coumbaya wrote:
       | I wish regulations where more lax in France. It was a battle with
       | the town council to install 3.2kw of solar panels on the ground,
       | I want to install 10 more but it looks like the ground option
       | which is cheap will not be approved, I would have to out them on
       | my roof which is costly and is not true south (and arguably, more
       | visible).
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Average US home power consumption: 30 KWh/day.
       | 
       | Assuming an average of 4 solar hours per day, you would need a
       | solar system capacity of approximately 7.5 kW to 12.5 kW.
       | 
       | Individual solar panels produce 250-400 watts. So,
       | conservatively, 50 panels. Installed, that's currently about
       | $25,000, including inverter but not battery backup. Battery
       | backup will cost maybe $15,000 more. So, the whole installation
       | is about $40,000. This is with no grid connection, power sales,
       | or incentives. Not too bad. Costs about the same as a car.
       | 
       | Median US house price is $412,300.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | Did you factor in 30% federal tax credit?
         | 
         | https://www.energy.gov/eere/solar/homeowners-guide-federal-t...
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | No.
        
         | nightski wrote:
         | In my state electricity costs about $0.089/kWh. We spend about
         | $100/mo on electricity total which comes out almost exactly to
         | your 30kWh/day figure (with a $23.15 connection charge
         | included).
         | 
         | Invested that 40k would conservatively cover over 2x our
         | electricity bill without touching the principal (inflation
         | adjusted).
         | 
         | That's a pretty hard sell for solar. Obviously incentives will
         | improve things but it just seems less financially risky to use
         | grid power.
        
           | bdhdbebebeb wrote:
           | 10 years ago for me math didn't add up for batteries and
           | offgrid but it did add up for solar.
           | 
           | Offgrid added up if you are already offgrid so that ongrid
           | becomes a big expense when comparing.
        
         | bdhdbebebeb wrote:
         | Not too bad. You need a lot of space for 50 panels. You need to
         | live in a large suburbian house or rural and stick them on a
         | barn or on the ground.
         | 
         | Clearly to meet demand we need solar farms and grids for most
         | people.
        
         | GaggiX wrote:
         | ~500$ for a 250/400W panel seems absurd, here in Italy you can
         | buy a 500W solar panel for 100EUR without effort or less. Given
         | that you can buy a pallet of them, you can probably pay less
         | than 100EUR per 500W, I have found deals down to 77EUR per 550W
         | panel with pallets of 31 (31x550=+17k at 2405EUR), shipment
         | included, and I'm talking about new half cell panels, not old
         | stuff.
        
         | ifdefdebug wrote:
         | Your numbers are way off (at least for Europe). Panels are 580
         | W peak now and cost < EUR150. Battery < EUR1000 per kWh. Prices
         | still dropping.
        
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