[HN Gopher] Math is still catching up to the genius of Ramanujan
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Math is still catching up to the genius of Ramanujan
        
       Author : philiplu
       Score  : 742 points
       Date   : 2024-10-21 23:19 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.quantamagazine.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.quantamagazine.org)
        
       | datavirtue wrote:
       | Why aren't we working on drugs to make people smart?
        
         | hereme888 wrote:
         | We did and still are. You can only safely push hardware so
         | much.
        
         | NAHWheatCracker wrote:
         | Lots of people are, they're called nootropics.
         | 
         | Whether they are successful and whether they are mostly a bunch
         | of snake oil is another question...
        
           | babyent wrote:
           | I feel way more productive since going sxe.
           | 
           | I am naturally so tired around 9pm when I shut the lid of my
           | laptop that I fall asleep within minutes of getting in bed.
           | 
           | On a side note.. Somehow my dreams have been insane and I've
           | low key enjoyed the vivid worlds I find myself in over the
           | past few months.
           | 
           | Wake up around 5 or 6, go for a stroll and then eat some
           | breakfast.
           | 
           | Then I can work taking only breaks for lunch and dinner.
           | Sometimes a 30 min nap in the afternoon in the park.
        
             | aspenmayer wrote:
             | For those unfamiliar with the abbreviation sxe:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straight_edge
             | 
             | > Straight edge (sometimes abbreviated as sXe or signified
             | by XXX or simply X) is a subculture of hardcore punk whose
             | adherents refrain from using alcohol, tobacco, and
             | recreational drugs in reaction to the punk subculture's
             | excesses. Some adherents refrain from engaging in
             | promiscuous or casual sex, follow a vegetarian or vegan
             | diet and do not consume caffeine or prescription drugs. The
             | term "straight edge" was adopted from the 1981 song
             | "Straight Edge" by the hardcore punk band Minor Threat.
        
             | muixoozie wrote:
             | > sxe
             | 
             | Weird. First time I've ever seen that (abbreviation?) For
             | straight-egde. Thought you were talking about some
             | supplement at first.
        
               | drilbo wrote:
               | I thought the same and instantly googled, and immediately
               | remembered I had seen it before. It's like a play off HxC
        
             | BLKNSLVR wrote:
             | I've always been pretty much straight-edge. Don't drink
             | much alcohol, and recently went off caffeine.
             | 
             | I'm naturally tired at around 2am. I barely dream, or can't
             | remember my dreams. I struggle to wake up at 6:30 even
             | after 7+ hours of sleep.
             | 
             | I do like an afternoon nap, but Sunday's are almost the
             | only opportunity. As a bad consolation prize, I
             | involuntarily micro-sleep at my desk, working from home or
             | in the office, a handful of times most days, generally at
             | peak afternoon nap times (1:30pm - 3:30pm).
             | 
             | I wouldn't say I'm productive, but I would say that the
             | work I produce is generally of a high quality.
        
         | RandomWorker wrote:
         | Caffeine is the most used drug in academia.
        
           | wyre wrote:
           | Surely the most used because of its affordablity and easy
           | access. Coffee, energy drinks, tea, caffiene pills, etc.
           | 
           | I wonder what academia would look like if adderall, vyvanse,
           | modafinil were just as accessible, or even less controlled
           | substances that are considered to enhance mental performance
           | like L-tyrosine, alpha-GPC, Lion's Mane mushroom, Bacopa, or
           | Ginko.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | Caffeine also has a track record of several centuries.
             | 
             | We really, really know the long term effects.
        
               | hskalin wrote:
               | What are the long term effects? How harmful is caffeine
               | addiction?
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | Alpha-GPC is just choline, so you can get it by eating
             | eggs. Amino acids and mushrooms are also quite accessible.
             | 
             | Modafinil is straight up better than caffeine though, which
             | is a crappy and addictive stimulant.
        
               | drilbo wrote:
               | "just" choline is a little reductionist, it's much more
               | bioavailable.
               | 
               | I'm not sure where the distinction actually lies, but it
               | is also considered a (generally recognized as safe) drug.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | no, you mean Ritalin. caffeine is a joke compared to actual
           | stimulants.
        
         | elmomle wrote:
         | I used to think like you do. But the real place where we could
         | make tons of progress is in relationships. Many stories of
         | great thinkers involve one or a few crucial
         | mentoring/pedagogical relationships. Without those, a person
         | could forever find themselves trying to fit their square peg
         | into the round hole of what "normal" society around them seems
         | to expect. I can easily see how my life could have ended up
         | like that.
         | 
         | As someone who benefited greatly from a few mentors in
         | childhood and adolescence, my goal is to be able to give the
         | same to at least a few other people in my lifetime.
        
           | BLKNSLVR wrote:
           | Was just discussing various parenting stories with my
           | colleagues over lunch and, like relationships, childhood
           | environment and parental boundaries (or otherwise) would
           | likely be the greatest influence to any individual.
           | 
           | But then, if 'mentors' applies to parents, then I guess I'm
           | saying the same thing.
           | 
           | Having said that, my teenage son wastes a lot of his life
           | playing online games with his friends, but having said that,
           | I heard him say mid-game to a friend of his "Brazilian isn't
           | a language you idiot!". So, I mean it's trivia, but he knows
           | there's no language called Brazilian. He's a smart kid
           | (that's not the only data point).
           | 
           | (I had to look it up: Portugese is the official language of
           | Brazil).
        
           | alok-g wrote:
           | >> As someone who benefited greatly from a few mentors in
           | childhood and adolescence, my goal is to be able to give the
           | same to at least a few other people in my lifetime.
           | 
           | +1. Same for me.
           | 
           | Relationships has been more important than what I could
           | consider ideal or optimal (in terms of how many missed
           | opportunities are there).
           | 
           | Once I was reading a technical paper from a colleague and
           | could not follow much. Spoke to him and he could explain the
           | crux of it in two-three sentences. I was left wondering why
           | that was not there in the paper itself. But that happens
           | repeatedly. People are able to explain much better than the
           | literature they produce*.
           | 
           | This perhaps has a contribution as to why good relationships
           | and mentors end up being so important. But then, this
           | ultimately comes in the way of scalability.
           | 
           | * Of course, it may possibly also be that in a verbal
           | conversation when the author personally knows the reader,
           | they can explain to that reader better. However, I think this
           | effect is less important than people being able to write
           | better.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | I wonder what effects do you expect from that on a societal
         | scale in the long term (at least 3,4 decades) ?
         | 
         | For instance we banned meth and other drugs that have
         | tremendous productivity effects at the expense of the
         | individual and how we had to deal with them, so it's not a
         | rhetoric question.
        
           | kennedywm wrote:
           | We didn't fully ban them. We just prescribe them to anyone a
           | doctor decides has ADHD.
        
             | naikrovek wrote:
             | Not quite, but if one does not have ADHD or something
             | similar, things like adderall have a very different effect
             | than they do to someone who has ADHD.
             | 
             | Your apparent disbelief in ADHD doesn't make it imaginary,
             | by the way. Consider yourself lucky that you do not have
             | it; I am unemployable without medication.
        
               | furyofantares wrote:
               | People without ADHD take adderall &etc for
               | focus/performance enhancing reasons. Some get it from a
               | friend, some are incorrectly diagnosed. I don't know if
               | you disagree that this is the case, but I don't think it
               | implies anything about ADHD.
        
             | datavirtue wrote:
             | Don't forget the military. Go pills.
        
           | nick__m wrote:
           | You will be surprised to learn that methamphetamine is not
           | banned and that it is currently prescribed for refractary
           | ADHD under the name desoxyn!
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | I'm aware we never "ban" any specific substance, as we say
             | the dose makes the poison. And any substance that has any
             | effect is also a potential cure for the disease that has
             | the opposite effect.
             | 
             | I should have been clear I saw it in the "make people
             | smart" light, as doping an already acceptable situation,
             | instead of correcting something perceived as a pathology.
             | 
             | Meth was widely available over the counter at some point,
             | and we made it legally disappear outside of strict medical
             | settings.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Anything in Schedule I is almost fully banned, though
               | people will try hard enough to get around it that it
               | doesn't matter.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | IIRC nicotine is the most effective nootropic by far, the
         | problem being that it's super addictive.
         | 
         | But none of them work as well as sleep and exercise.
        
           | abound wrote:
           | And eating right! Gotta complete that trifecta, each one
           | compliments the others.
        
           | willy_k wrote:
           | IIRC nicotine itself isn't super addictive when used solely
           | in a less addictive form, as in gum or patch.
        
             | drilbo wrote:
             | Have you ever tried taking a vape away from a teenager?
             | 
             | ...or me?
        
               | willy_k wrote:
               | A vape is definitely not a less addictive form, I can
               | attest to that. But especially with the patch, and to a
               | lesser extend with gum, it's not that addictive to (most)
               | people who that never had a
               | cigarette/vaping/dipping/pouching addiction. Gum is
               | probably still more addictive than coffee but I would
               | guess it's at least closer to that of coffee than
               | inhaling it.
        
               | drilbo wrote:
               | In the past, when I've heard the 'less additive form', it
               | was in contrast to nicotine from tobacco, where there are
               | other chemicals and compounds at play. While it's true
               | ROA can be a big part of habit formation, I'd argue it's
               | a stretch to call it different _form_ when it 's the same
               | chemical in either case.
               | 
               | tbf tho, I am somewhat contradicting another comment I
               | made about bioavailability on this very gp thread so
               | suffice to say, I do understand your point.
        
               | willy_k wrote:
               | I mean they quite literally come in completely different
               | forms of products, but I get your point. I thought
               | nicotine vs tobacco was mostly important for health risk,
               | with the exception of cigarettes which IIRC have all
               | sorts of nasty stuff added or in trace amounts.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | That's also my understanding, and nicotine has some other
               | strange health benefits - for instance, it's a better
               | schizophrenia treatment (for symptom relief) than the
               | actual medications for it, which is why almost all
               | schizophrenics smoke.
               | 
               | On the other hand, I just looked at Twitter and saw two
               | different people get ~$3000 payments from a class action
               | lawsuit against Juul, which is by far the biggest payment
               | I've ever heard of from a class action signup, so I
               | suspect they're about to die.
        
         | throwaway10oct wrote:
         | I think modafinil is a wonderful drug, far more potent than
         | caffeine or nicotine. It's also very easy to get with no long
         | term ill effects. There is a whole subreddit dedicated to this.
         | 
         | Wonder why more people aren't using it.
        
           | OutOfHere wrote:
           | > no long term ill effects
           | 
           | That is not totally true for at least three reasons:
           | 
           | 1. Modafinil can interact badly with some other stimulants.
           | One must remain careful.
           | 
           | 2. Modafinil by itself can cause SJS and similar serious
           | problems in rare cases.
           | 
           | 3. Chronic use of modafinil can easily produce anxiety, so
           | much anxiety that it makes using modafinil impossible. This
           | is even in a very low dose.
        
           | pelorat wrote:
           | > Wonder why more people aren't using it.
           | 
           | Because it's classified as an amphetamine in large parts of
           | the western world and would be illegal obtain without a
           | prescription.
        
         | munchler wrote:
         | Careful what you wish for:
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20140527121332/http://www.infini...
        
         | dmichulke wrote:
         | @HN: Downvoting questions is stupid.
         | 
         | You're perpetuating "be ashamed of not knowing" instead of
         | encouraging "learn by asking questions".
         | 
         | If you agree, consider upvoting downvoted questions.
        
         | drilbo wrote:
         | I think gene therapy type stuff seems more interesting at this
         | point:
         | 
         | https://www.psypost.org/new-intranasal-rna-therapy-shows-pro...
        
         | mannyv wrote:
         | It's called nicotine.
        
         | thr0waway001 wrote:
         | I bet if such an effective drug were created, that just like
         | Ozempic, we'd end up in a situation where the rich buy it up
         | and use it to increase their advantage thus only widening the
         | wealth gap. Like some dystopian Monkey's paw effect.
        
         | devvvvvvv wrote:
         | Positive eugenics would result in more smart people with zero
         | drugs or genetic engineering involved. And it requires zero
         | oppression or violence. Just pay couples with high IQs to have
         | babies.
        
       | babyent wrote:
       | That was a fun read.
       | 
       | What really stuck out to me was how R failed in a bunch of other
       | subjects except math because he wasn't interested in them.
       | 
       | I know society and norms expect students to learn all these other
       | subjects.
       | 
       | But what if those just aren't interesting to someone?
       | 
       | I wonder how many geniuses we skip on because doing the chores of
       | homework and getting through boring classes is busywork and
       | memorization for the sake of getting an A.
       | 
       | Meanwhile, hardly anyone actually remembers anything about those
       | topics and even the best students mostly go on to achieve only
       | above average things.
       | 
       | My class valedictorian went on to become a doctor and while that
       | is certainly impressive to me, there are many doctors and he
       | practices (like almost every other doctor) and isn't pushing the
       | boundaries of medical science. I feel terrible writing that
       | because I'm certainly not as smart as him, but R is just so
       | impressive and I'm glad he got his lucky break.
       | 
       | People like R would be lost in the sea of averages because their
       | genius would be kept shut by norms.
       | 
       | Almost every extraordinary person I read about seems like they
       | were 1 step away from being forgotten, and got some huge
       | universal break that boosted them.
        
         | nordsieck wrote:
         | IMO, you're thinking about this backwards.
         | 
         | It's _good_ that public school exposes children to many
         | subjects - hopefully most of them. So that they can discover if
         | they click with one of them. The real danger is that someone
         | never gets exposed to a subject at all. College is the place to
         | specialize in a subject.
        
           | brutal_true_101 wrote:
           | Most colleges now inundate students with painful core classes
           | that go on into senior year. It's getting ridiculous.
        
             | Arainach wrote:
             | College is not trade school. College exists not to generate
             | people who are masters of Framework v3.0, but to generate
             | people who can quickly learn to use whatever tool they're
             | given and who can connect the dots to solve generic
             | problems. Part of that is exposure to a broad range of
             | ideas. Part of that is showing that you can learn about and
             | deliver results on things you're not necessarily excited
             | about.
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | I don't think college teaches people how to learn, and if
               | they do it's only by accident. There's a body of
               | knowledge on how to teach and how to self educate and it
               | takes a long time for systems to incorporate these
               | knowledge.
        
               | esafak wrote:
               | Isn't that what high school is for? What's the difference
               | then?
        
               | WgaqPdNr7PGLGVW wrote:
               | High school has been dumbed down and is mostly a waste of
               | time.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | Most of school is primarily baby sitting these days, if
               | were being really real.
        
               | TimTheTinker wrote:
               | That _is_ what high school is, for families where parents
               | want their kids to learn to learn and are well-resourced
               | enough to teach the kids themselves or pay someone to
               | teach.
        
               | hnfong wrote:
               | > Part of that is showing that you can learn about and
               | deliver results on things you're not necessarily excited
               | about.
               | 
               | Why is that useful besides for the employer trying to
               | impose Framework v3.0 onto their subjects?
               | 
               | To me at least, learning things one is not excited about
               | is only useful to capitalist society that views human
               | beings as replaceable resources.
        
               | xenophonf wrote:
               | I wasn't particularly excited to learn philosophy or
               | economics, but that gave me the foundation to understand
               | Marx and Engels. Learning "things you're not necessarily
               | excited about" makes you well-rounded. That's a _good
               | thing_.
               | 
               | Let's use another example. Communicating with other
               | people is a very important part of my job as a software
               | engineer. I'd say that at this point in my career,
               | writing good proposals, documentation, project charters,
               | task orders, change requests, etc. is vital to my
               | individual and collective success, so I'm glad I was
               | taught lots of rhetoric and literature and writing and
               | all that artsy stuff my younger self spent too much time
               | disdaining.
               | 
               | Or another example. I have written precisely zero lines
               | of Lisp or ML for work, and I flunked the first computer
               | science class I took that used Lisp (good old _Essentials
               | of Programming Languages_). And yet I use the concepts I
               | learned in those classes _all the time_. Heck, I was just
               | talking about side effects the other day in the context
               | of 21 CFR Part 11 computer system validation.
               | 
               | My last metaphor. Brushing one's teeth or taking a shower
               | isn't particularly exciting, but that kind of routine
               | maintenance work is a vital part of your physical health.
               | So it goes for mental exercise. Reading something
               | challenging, learning the work's historical context, and
               | writing a critical response well all helps keep you
               | mentally healthy. That's good no matter what
               | socioeconomic system you live in.
        
               | forgotoldacc wrote:
               | This is true, but college general education requirements
               | don't fulfill that role. They're classes of 250 people
               | listening to a professor say "write this down because
               | it'll be on the exam". Then the questions on the exam are
               | what the professor said verbatim.
               | 
               | My university didn't allow any classes above the most
               | introductory ones to be considered as fulfilling the
               | general education requirement. I signed up for a history
               | class that would involve doing research and having weekly
               | discussions with a small group. I was stoked. Then the
               | professor made a note that it didn't fulfill the general
               | education requirements. I had to drop it and switch to a
               | huge-ass mindless lecture of hundreds of people. I
               | would've liked to still take the more in-depth history
               | class even if it didn't fit the gen ed requirement, but
               | so many of those BS classes are required that my schedule
               | was completely packed all 4 years with zero leeway.
        
               | maxwelljoslyn wrote:
               | I feel your pain. What a dumb system.
        
               | SkyBelow wrote:
               | You can get exceptions. My social science degree had math
               | requirements, but the lowest math class I took was too
               | high level to count for them. I had to fill out a sheet
               | of paper and submit it to the dean, but other than an
               | hour split between talking to my academic advisor,
               | filling out a form, and talking to the dean it wasn't a
               | problem.
               | 
               | I still find it funny and informative that multivariable
               | calculus, linear algebra, and high level math classes did
               | not automatically fulfill the math requirement because no
               | one ever tried to use them to satisfy it.
        
             | shiroiushi wrote:
             | It's probably because secondary school has become mostly
             | worthless in the US, so college is taking its place.
        
             | fn-mote wrote:
             | Specific citation needed.
             | 
             | At Big US Engineering School, many people are done with
             | their prerequisites in a year.
             | 
             | Unless you're talking about painful core classes like
             | "compiler design" and "networking", which I would say is a
             | different conversation.
        
               | seanmcdirmid wrote:
               | Prerequisites are different from core stuff, like say you
               | study computer science but hey take this English class as
               | well for your W credits. I gamed my university on these,
               | taking easy courses that I wouldn't have bothered with, I
               | think it was one or two quarters of BS (dual acronym
               | meaning) classes.
        
             | gosub100 wrote:
             | I used to shit on English class to anyone who would listen,
             | but lately (at age 40) I realize (and grow frustrated at)
             | how poorly most people around me communicate. But then
             | again, I recall my English classes throughout highschool
             | and college and very little time was spent on how to be
             | clear, how to be precise, or how to revise. That definitely
             | wasn't the parameter the curriculum was optimizing for.
             | Sure, there was writing but the grade you got back was
             | simply how much the instructor liked what you had to say.
        
           | seiferteric wrote:
           | Exposure is good, but success in school requires you to be
           | successful in these subjects as well. I have had similar
           | thoughts recently as OP thinking about what I want for my
           | young kids and what my experiences in school were. Being
           | _really_ good in one thing should allow you to make up for
           | being subpar in other areas, but it doesn't. You can only get
           | an A (or A+) in math for example, even if your a genius. But
           | maybe you should be able to get an A++++ that makes up for
           | D's or F's in English for example and still get accepted into
           | top universities. We need a system that accommodates spiky
           | people better.
        
             | irjustin wrote:
             | > Exposure is good, but success in school requires you to
             | be successful in these subjects as well.
             | 
             | Being specific, it's not school, it's what school grants
             | you i.e. a paying job. The higher paying, thusly more
             | coveted jobs, generally filter against good grades which
             | then the requirement pushes downwards into schools because,
             | at scale, it's a decent system; leveraging the schools to
             | help decide who is good.
             | 
             | > Being _really_ good in one thing should allow you to make
             | up for being subpar in other areas, but it doesn't.
             | 
             | I counter with, if you are "_really_" good, it shows
             | because you truly are a genius and you get fast tracked on
             | that subject, but I think your "_really_" is actually just
             | "_pretty_" and you're trying to include more than the 1 in
             | 100 million.
             | 
             | To directly answer your point, for the "slightly smarter
             | than everyone else" my middle school allowed kids to attend
             | highschool in specific subjects and then highschool into
             | the nearby community college and considered "harder/more
             | prestigious" than the AP programs - admittedly only in math
             | for this latter part. The school was in a more affluent
             | neighborhood so I recognize the privilege.
        
               | WgaqPdNr7PGLGVW wrote:
               | > but I think your "_really_" is actually just "_pretty_"
               | and you're trying to include more than the 1 in 100
               | million.
               | 
               | I don't quite understand your point. Pretty good still
               | puts you far ahead of the average. I could easily handle
               | second year college maths and computer science while in
               | high school. And I couldn't hold a candle to Ramanujan.
               | 
               | I still needed to do well in my other courses in order to
               | be able to get into my chosen college.
        
               | elijaht wrote:
               | I think _that 's_ the point - "pretty good" isn't good
               | enough for a top school to want to admit you. Second year
               | college/CS is pretty good but I went to a great high
               | school where there were 50+ kids at that level. That's
               | not enough to stand out in a meaningful way.
               | 
               | Whereas if someone was Ramanujan-level, their raw talent
               | would be so apparent they wouldn't have this issue and
               | _would_ clearly stand out.
        
               | WgaqPdNr7PGLGVW wrote:
               | > Second year college/CS is pretty good but I went to a
               | great high school where there were 50+ kids at that
               | level. That's not enough to stand out in a meaningful
               | way.
               | 
               | It is not enough to stand out _in the current system_.
               | 
               | The parent was saying selecting the 50 kids who can
               | handle it is a much better approach than just taking the
               | highest overall grades.
               | 
               | The average A's across the board high school student
               | can't handle second year college maths. Yet they will be
               | placed ahead of the observably better at math kids.
               | 
               | Imagine if jobs worked like this - "Yes, we know you are
               | a great developer but you don't really understand
               | economics. Sorry".
               | 
               | Being well-rounded and having exposure to a bunch of
               | topics is valuable to an extent. However, in my
               | experience most of the people making a real difference in
               | the workplace and academia are not particularly well
               | rounded.
               | 
               | Thankfully in tech there are alternative pathways.
               | However, for many professions there aren't and these high
               | performers are simply excluded to societies detriment.
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | > Imagine if jobs worked like this - "Yes, we know you
               | are a great developer but you don't really understand
               | economics. Sorry".
               | 
               | This is exactly the route to exploitation by MBA
               | managers.
               | 
               | Great developer, loyal, doesn't understand the need to
               | change companies to get paid a competitive salary.
               | Perfect hire.
               | 
               | The person who doesn't understand economics pays the
               | price themselves.
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | _Being well-rounded and having exposure to a bunch of
               | topics is valuable to an extent. However, in my
               | experience most of the people making a real difference in
               | the workplace and academia are not particularly well
               | rounded._
               | 
               | You can only progress so much in a field of expertise
               | before hitting diminishing return.
               | 
               | At some point it makes sense to broaden your knowledge
               | and skillset.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | >You can only progress so much in a field of expertise
               | before hitting diminishing return.
               | 
               | I suppose how long you can progress for and how far you
               | can progress depends somewhat on the breadth and depth of
               | the field of expertise.
               | 
               | Many fields of expertise are so broad and deep that they
               | have their own sub-fields just to make them manageable.
               | 
               | So you would probably be in a sub-field and then broaden
               | your knowledge and skill-set in a related sub-field of
               | the overall field that you are well suited to.
               | 
               | I'm betting it's likely you can see how your own
               | particular field, as you are on HN, replicates this
               | pattern.
        
               | elijaht wrote:
               | > It is not enough to stand out in the current system.
               | 
               | What I'm saying is in some hypothetical system which
               | places a great emphasis on specialization, people who are
               | a few years ahead of curriculum are a dime a dozen and
               | will not stand out. There were 50 kids in my high school,
               | so how many is that nationwide?
               | 
               | Particularly in math, it is straightforward for an
               | exceptional talent to stand out. Competitive math is a
               | clear pathway/credential. If someone is not able to
               | achieve meaningful results then it's probably just the
               | case that they aren't as talented as they believe
               | 
               | > Imagine if jobs worked like this - "Yes, we know you
               | are a great developer but you don't really understand
               | economics. Sorry".
               | 
               | There are plenty of software devs who are not getting
               | hired to the potential of their raw development skills
               | because they cannot communicate or collaborate
               | productively. There are also plenty of software devs who
               | are not getting hired to the potential of their raw
               | development skills because they don't have as much domain
               | knowledge as other devs.
        
               | WgaqPdNr7PGLGVW wrote:
               | > people who are a few years ahead of curriculum are a
               | dime a dozen and will not stand out.
               | 
               | I'm not sure what you mean.
               | 
               | High school has a much lower, but broader, bar.
               | 
               | The number who can handle second year college math are a
               | small fraction of those who can get straight A's at high
               | school.
               | 
               | > There are plenty of software devs who are not getting
               | hired to the potential of their raw development skills
               | because they cannot communicate or collaborate
               | productively.
               | 
               | These are behavioural issues and not knowledge issues. We
               | do not address these kinds of issues at high school at
               | all.
               | 
               | Getting an A in English doesn't prepare you in any way to
               | be a team player.
               | 
               | In my ~15 year career the only people I've seen not hired
               | because of a knowledge gap in this space have been non-
               | native speakers.
        
               | seiferteric wrote:
               | Maybe, but TFA says at least in Ramanujan's case:
               | 
               | But he ignored all subjects besides math and lost his
               | scholarship within a year. He later enrolled in another
               | university, this time in Madras (now Chennai), the
               | provincial capital some 250 kilometers north. Again he
               | flunked out.
               | 
               | Maybe it would be different now?
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | If you get into the IMO team you'll be accepted anywhere
               | good for maths. Probably a high position in the local
               | competition would be enough. (YMMV as my understanding is
               | coloured by a little knowledge of the system in the UK)
        
             | jyunwai wrote:
             | The admissions process to universities in the province of
             | Ontario in Canada has a direct solution for this, which
             | applies to well-known universities in the global technology
             | industry, such as the University of Toronto and the
             | University of Waterloo.
             | 
             | Most of these universities look at an applicant's grades
             | for just six courses. After looking at the courses required
             | for certain programs (such as calculus and physics for
             | certain programs), the remainder of the six courses
             | comprise the student's top grades for any courses at the
             | Grade 12 (final year) level.
             | 
             | So, a high school student aiming for a top engineering or
             | mathematics program will not be hamstrung by a poor grade
             | in Grade 12 English, nor will a student aiming for a top
             | international relations program be hamstrung by a poor
             | grade in Calculus. At the same time, the student going into
             | a STEM program will have an exposure to Shakespeare, which
             | can provide inspiration and a rich set of works to explore
             | later in life. The student going into international
             | relations may later be inspired some years later to study
             | mathematics for its beauty as a hobby, some years later.
             | 
             | I remember the feeling that I was wasting time with many of
             | my courses in those years, despite having good teachers for
             | many of them--I thought my time spent on mandatory
             | humanities courses like music took time away from more
             | practical subjects, and I wish I took a programming course
             | (though I did love my English classes). Perhaps this
             | remains true for many students, but I personally took an
             | interest in music performance as a hobby years later in
             | life, and the years-old lessons in music theory came back
             | to me. My English classes also introduced me to literature,
             | which has remained a very important part of my life that
             | has guided me through highly consequential life decisions
             | for the better. It is unlikely that I would have taken an
             | interest in literary works without my exposure to English
             | in school.
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | To add to this I feel the need to point out that the
               | writing skill demonstrated by the average mid-length
               | Hacker News comment is above the level you'd need to pass
               | grade 12 English in Ontario. It's an extremely low bar!
               | 
               | Of course, if English is not your first language then
               | you're not required to take this course. You have an
               | alternate path which may be a lot more work for an
               | English-language-learner but it doesn't demand the
               | critical reading and writing skills you would need for
               | grade 12 English.
        
               | ykonstant wrote:
               | I don't know how things work across the ocean, but here
               | in Greece essay grading is a veritable mystery. The
               | highest grade I ever got in a school essay was 16/20 and
               | I had thought that was my masterpiece. Feedback always
               | seemed cryptic (your essay contains platitudes, you are
               | not developing your point enough etc.) and when I tried
               | asking for specifics I got shrugs and you-still-
               | don't-get-it groans. There are people who get 20/20 on
               | essays consistently, so there must be some method to the
               | grading madness; but I could not crack that method in my
               | school years :(
        
               | chongli wrote:
               | The usual method to scoring top grades on an essay/paper
               | is to flatter the professor. Not with literal platitudes
               | but with a paper you think they'll agree with,
               | incorporating arguments similar to the ones they made in
               | class, etc.
               | 
               | However, what I found is that even if the professor
               | disagrees with your paper you'll usually get an 80% if
               | it's well-written, well-researched, and well-argued. To
               | get above that on something they disagree with requires
               | both a highly open-minded professor and an argument they
               | can't find fault with.
        
               | melagonster wrote:
               | I like the first reply immediately try to scoff you :)
               | Maybe oop is right, but the real problem is people always
               | try to do this.
        
               | ecshafer wrote:
               | 6 courses in your senior year doesn't seem like a great
               | solution. If you figure you take Math, Science, History,
               | English in your senior year, Then take 2 electives, that
               | is basically a full schedule already. Short of replacing
               | one of the poor grades with a freebie like Gym, I am not
               | seeing where that solves the issue. This might be a
               | difference in US and Canadian education, so maybe 6
               | courses means something different.
        
               | jyunwai wrote:
               | A mathematics-focused student in Ontario could take
               | Calculus & Vectors, Advanced Functions [1], Computer
               | Science, and Physics--the first two courses should be
               | straightforward for this student.
               | 
               | Though Computer Science and Physics are distinctly
               | different from the mathematics courses, these are still
               | directly useful for a mathematics student to learn--the
               | problem-solving skills should also carry over. Key
               | mathematical discoveries have been inspired by problems
               | in computer science and physics, and many rigorous
               | university-level mathematics books still draw from
               | problems in these fields to motivate certain problems. At
               | the least, they are less laboratory-heavy than Biology
               | and Chemistry (the student could still attempt these
               | subjects, though, and choose to omit the grades for
               | university admissions).
               | 
               | That leaves a couple of other classes--or just one if
               | English is required, as noted by another commenter. My
               | school offered subjects like Grade 12 Drama, Visual Arts,
               | and Music, where much of the grading was effort-based. In
               | my school, most students in my classes saw these courses
               | as a break from other intensive courses, with grades not
               | being as much of a concern. This would allow the student
               | to avoid using a grade for History, Economics, French (or
               | another foreign language), or another subject.
               | 
               | The English requirement would then be a difficult
               | challenge for the mathematics-focused student. I wish I
               | could speak more about what it was like for most of my
               | classmates who went on to study engineering, as many of
               | them took the standard English course (I took a more
               | demanding version of the course, due to personal
               | interest). My classmates at the time did not seem to have
               | an issue with university admissions to competitive
               | programs despite not enjoying the subject at the time,
               | but the other commenter makes a good point that minimum
               | grades for admission standards have increased greatly
               | since then.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | [1] As an aside: a past classmate--who was brilliant at
               | mathematics and also great with people--later poked fun
               | some years later about the Ontario government's naming
               | for math courses. He said, "there's Grade 11 Functions...
               | and then in Grade 12, there's Advanced (!) Functions."
               | The last I heard, he went on to work as an investment
               | banker at a top hedge fund by profitability in the United
               | States.
        
               | ckcheng wrote:
               | > then in Grade 12, there's Advanced (!) Functions."
               | 
               | Then in university, there's Elementary Functional
               | Analysis!
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | The first math course as math major in university
               | involved proving that a+b=b+a and that a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c.
               | It's quite fun to go from 'advanced' calculus during the
               | final classes of high school, to "OK, let's consider the
               | expression 1+1=2. What does it actually mean and why is
               | it true?"
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > The first math course as math major in university
               | involved proving that a+b=b+a and that a+(b+c)=(a+b)+c.
               | 
               | Really? What were the axioms?
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | Basically the Peano axioms
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | How did that proof work for rational numbers?
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | It's been 20+ years, and I don't remember the exact steps
               | the course went thought. But basically we started with
               | defining N using the Peano axioms (although I don't
               | recall the name 'Peano' being mentioned) and proving some
               | basic rules of addition and equality. Then we defined
               | subtraction, multiplication and inverse elements, and
               | constructed Z and Q. From there you get to algebraic
               | groups, and from there you can hand wave a lot of
               | details.
               | 
               | As I said it was literally one of the first math courses
               | we did, so it wasn't super rigorous with all the
               | technical and logical details.
        
               | ecshafer wrote:
               | Interesting. So it seems that from reading this, Canada,
               | or at least Ontario, has a lot more electives at grade 12
               | than the US. So this might be more like the UK with their
               | A-levels. In the US a highly motivated student might take
               | say 4-5 AP courses, which would essentially count as
               | their freshman year at university. But they would be
               | unlikely (short of going to a few dedicate highschools)
               | of having more than maybe 2 math courses in a single
               | year.
        
               | Supermancho wrote:
               | You can get tested into qualification, by most colleges.
               | Colleges (which includes Universities, State schools,
               | etc) aren't robotic. This is part of the responsibility
               | of the administration. You may get delayed a semester or
               | a year, with a little community college gatekeeping.
               | Dedicated students can always get into a University.
        
               | 3vidence wrote:
               | Note here, in the current years, grades / competition has
               | exploded so for the more competitive programs it is
               | nearly impossible to get in without high 90s in all the
               | required courses (English is required for all programs).
               | 
               | So responding to OP, you indeed must be an expert in all
               | subjects to have a chance to study in your field of
               | expertise.
        
               | computerdl wrote:
               | Although I agree with the sentiment, the Ontario
               | university system doesn't actually work that way. For
               | example for Software Engineering at Waterloo, the
               | admission average is calculated using the five required
               | courses plus whatever your highest course is excluding
               | the former[0].
               | 
               | In practice, I believe every single Ontario university
               | program lists English one of the required courses so it
               | will always be included in your top six average.
               | 
               | [0]: https://uwaterloo.ca/undergraduate-
               | admissions/admissions/adm...
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | And it should always be included as one of the important
               | courses in Canada. If you can't communicate your thoughts
               | clearly then your thoughts never really translate into
               | the real world.
        
               | spollo wrote:
               | From what I remember, the later years of English class
               | (in Ontario) are more focused on literary criticism than
               | effective communication. This was a frustration for me
               | personally, and my lowest mark in High School. The high
               | 80 dragged my average down enough that I didn't make the
               | cut for Waterloo.
        
               | jjmarr wrote:
               | In 2024 you are not getting into Waterloo CS with
               | anything less than a 99% in your top6. And that's the
               | entry level. If you really want to get in, you have to
               | grind math competitions, clubs, etc.
               | 
               | I go to a mid-tier university (Toronto Metropolitan
               | University) and the admissions average for CS was 97%
               | last year.
               | 
               | The admissions process for universities in Ontario is a
               | joke at this point. Imagine if students going to Harvard
               | instead of SUNY Plattsburgh differed by 2 percentage
               | points in their high school averages.
               | 
               | This means you must be absolutely perfect to have a shot
               | of getting into a good school. In reality, teachers
               | overlook mistakes and just give you the marks needed to
               | get into top school if they think you deserve it. But
               | because everyone does that, you also need to farm
               | extracurriculars.
               | 
               | Maybe I'll write a blog post about this since it sounds
               | like people are interested.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | This is the same reason why STEM admission became so
               | competitive in UCs in California.
               | 
               | UCs historically admitted using a mix of class rank, GPA,
               | and test scores, but the number of seats at UCs didn't
               | really increase in the past decade+ despite a small baby
               | boom in the 2000s, and the growing prominence of STEM in
               | the 2010s, so the average GPAs and SAT scores for UC
               | admissions skyrocketed.
               | 
               | Plenty of Californians have anecdotes of getting rejected
               | from mid-tier UCs but getting into MIT or Stanford. It's
               | had a downstream impact out-of-state as well, as plenty
               | of Californians now attend out-of-state STEM programs for
               | that reason (played a major role in upleveling UT
               | Austin/UW/UIUC/GT/UW Madison's reputations among STEM-
               | targeting HSers ime) and make STEM admissions harder in
               | out-of-state colleges as well.
               | 
               | That said, education quality for STEM majors is
               | consistent across all UCs so the UC you go to doesn't
               | matter as much academic quality wise.
        
               | jjmarr wrote:
               | I'm convinced good students don't need good universities
               | as much as good universities need good students. I get
               | the same internships and job opportunities as someone
               | that went to UofT and I'm studying much of the same
               | curriculum.
               | 
               | A degree from a good university signifies a smart and
               | dedicated student primarily because the school selects
               | the best students for graduation. That occurs during
               | acceptance and by making the program difficult, causing
               | bad students to leave.
               | 
               | The higher level of competitiveness is hurting the best
               | universities during that acceptance phase. Ontario
               | universities are no longer able to differentiate between
               | the best and average. Waterloo is an exception because it
               | has introduced math competitions across the province as a
               | way to identify "A+++" students, but only Waterloo
               | benefits from that.
               | 
               | I'm noticing that many Ontario schools are now ignoring
               | the acceptance phase and focusing on the weed-out phase.
               | UofT accepts students into a common math/CS program, then
               | only accepts the best students into CS for second year
               | onwards. Queen's University has a common first year for
               | all engineering majors.
               | 
               | Even so, because the acceptance phase no longer
               | differentiates, a lot of good students that would beat
               | the second phase are caught in the first filter.
        
               | alephnerd wrote:
               | > I'm convinced good students don't need good
               | universities as much as good universities need good
               | students. I get the same internships and job
               | opportunities as someone that went to UofT and I'm
               | studying much of the same curriculum.
               | 
               | In Engineering+Accounting+Actuary+Nursing I agree.
               | 
               | > The higher level of competitiveness is hurting the best
               | universities during that acceptance phase. Ontario
               | universities are no longer able to differentiate between
               | the best and average.
               | 
               | Same thing in California, and that's largely because
               | faculty hiring and infrastructure just didn't keep pace
               | with the amount of students declaring
               | Engineering+Accounting+Actuary+Nursing majors
               | (Accounting+Actuary+Nursing face the same problems as
               | STEM fields), which meant admissions need to be much more
               | competitive because you can only teach so many students.
               | 
               | I assume it's a similar story in Ontario due to decades
               | of austerity in the province.
               | 
               | > Even so, because the acceptance phase no longer
               | differentiates, a lot of good students that would beat
               | the second phase are caught in the first filter.
               | 
               | Yep. Because infrastructure didn't scale.
               | 
               | > Waterloo is an exception because it has introduced math
               | competitions across the province as a way to identify
               | "A+++" students, but only Waterloo benefits from that
               | 
               | Yep, the Euclid is basically a soft requirement now for
               | Waterloo CS admissions.
               | 
               | Honestly, Ontario should just ditch "autonomous"
               | universities and merge them under a single "University of
               | Ontario" system and simplifying cross-system course
               | transfers.
               | 
               | Ontario should also force Colleges to stop giving
               | Bachelors degrees and convert them either into Community
               | Colleges to transfer to a University or convert larger
               | Colleges into Universities.
               | 
               | This is what Quebec does, and most state systems in the
               | US (California, Texas, New York, Minnesota, Wisconsin,
               | Massachusetts, etc).
               | 
               | There is no reason for UWaterloo or Wilfrid Laurier to be
               | two different universities despite being a couple blocks
               | away from each other.
               | 
               | Same for UT, UT Scarborough, York, TMU/Ryerson, etc all
               | in GTA
        
               | jyunwai wrote:
               | To add on, I've worked with a lot of current and past
               | Toronto Metropolitan University (TMU) students at an
               | aerospace industry non-profit. I do not see a difference
               | with their quality of work and dedication between them
               | and University of Toronto (UofT) students. Several of
               | these students went on to land engineering and research
               | internships at the Canadian Space Agency or work at a
               | well-known aerospace company.
               | 
               | The main advantage that UofT has for its undergraduates
               | is related to funding. UofT's engineering design teams
               | tend to be better-funded than TMU's, though TMU's
               | engineering design teams still perform very well--proudly
               | outperforming UofT's teams in certain years despite the
               | funding gaps. In addition, some TMU students I've spoken
               | with mentioned that UofT has more research opportunities.
               | The name of the university also has a positive impact on
               | admissions for students applying to graduate school.
               | These advantages are not a reflection of the students who
               | attend, but rather UofT's ability to raise funds.
               | 
               | There is also a disadvantage I've seen at UofT. The TMU
               | engineering students I've known have mentioned getting
               | extensions approved easily for assignments and homework,
               | to pursue professional opportunities such as hackathons
               | and conferences. That is generally unheard of, from my
               | experience in a STEM program at UofT. Policies are
               | strictly outlined (with some leniency in many courses,
               | such as dropping the lowest assignment mark), and I
               | generally have not seen professors grant exceptions to
               | these.
               | 
               | But the main difference I've seen between TMU people and
               | UofT people is university pride. I've met several people
               | who were proud to go to TMU and succeed, whereas I
               | haven't seen that at UofT (with the exception of UofT's
               | engineering department). I'm satisfied with the
               | opportunities I've gotten due to attending UofT--
               | especially as I was involved with its on-campus work
               | program and an engineering design team there--but I
               | haven't met many UofT people fiercely proud of their
               | school, in contrast to the TMU people I've met.
               | 
               | In any case, I am happy to work with people from either
               | school. Work experience and personality has mattered more
               | to me than the name of the university that a person went
               | to, and both TMU and UofT offer great opportunities for
               | students to gain relevant experience--though these are up
               | to the students to pursue, outside of their required
               | classes.
        
               | theLiminator wrote:
               | Imo school grades should be disregarded entirely. We
               | should bring back standardized testing, but make the
               | ceiling much higher. Most people should score fairly low
               | on it. This way, you can really see how good people are.
               | At this point, people just get weeded out in university.
               | 
               | This would also help the case of people like Ramanujan,
               | he might score perfectly on the math portion of the
               | standardized tests, and despite poor scores on everything
               | else, he'd be distinguished.
        
               | triyambakam wrote:
               | He might also fail the standardized test entirely.
        
               | theLiminator wrote:
               | Perhaps, though imo standardized testing is the lesser of
               | two evils.
               | 
               | There's major inequity with the lack of standardized
               | testing.
        
               | __turbobrew__ wrote:
               | Are there not standardized exams in Ontario high school?
               | When I grew up in Alberta standardized exams took up half
               | your grade and those could not be fudged by your teacher.
               | 
               | The exams were made by a small panel of teachers and
               | nobody else knew the exam contents until the day of the
               | exam. Everyone across the province takes the exam on the
               | same day and time. Exams were proctored by people
               | external to the school. Exams are again marked by a panel
               | of teachers outside of your school.
               | 
               | Cheating is nearly impossible outside of someone leaking
               | the exam early.
        
             | jojobas wrote:
             | So in grade 5 you maths is A++++ (like college entry
             | level), you're excused from English, Civics and what not,
             | and when by the time of graduation you've fizzled out
             | (which most prodigies do) you're just an unemployable nerd.
             | 
             | School education standards are the barest minimum and
             | anyone of IQ > 85 can make them.
        
               | ChadNauseam wrote:
               | Personally I can't say I learned anything professionally
               | useful in english or civics. An actually decent math
               | class in just one of my years of k-12 would have been
               | much more useful.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | It's weird to say that about English when good
               | communication is essential for success in any engineering
               | field. Even if all English does is force you to read
               | more, it's probably a win in this regard.
        
               | nordsieck wrote:
               | > It's weird to say that about English when good
               | communication is essential for success in any engineering
               | field
               | 
               | Some of what's taught in English classes is about clear
               | communication, and some of it isn't.
               | 
               | I think learning the 5 paragraph essay structure was very
               | useful. But that's maybe 3 months worth of learning. The
               | rest was English major stuff. Which is fine, but please
               | don't pretend that it has a lot to do with "good
               | communication".
               | 
               | > Even if all English does is force you to read more,
               | it's probably a win in this regard.
               | 
               | It's not enough to say people had to read for English
               | classes. You have to compare it to the counterfactual. In
               | that regard, I don't think it stood up well.
               | 
               | 1. I was already reading a lot. I just read different
               | things.
               | 
               | 2. I came to hate pretty much everything I read in class.
               | It's only decades later that I've been able to appreciate
               | some of the classics that we read.
               | 
               | On this point, I think English class was a net harm, at
               | least for me. Of course, everyone has different
               | circumstances; I'm sure there are people for whom a
               | similar program as what I went through would have been a
               | benefit.
        
               | tallanvor wrote:
               | This is a very immature take.
               | 
               | Of course you can BELIEVE that English classes didn't
               | help you learn how to read and write more effectively or
               | how to better understand what was left unsaid or
               | unwritten, but believing something doesn't make it so.
               | 
               | And yes, as a student reading the classics often sucks.
               | After all, you're not reading them for pleasure - you're
               | reading them to learn how to identify and discuss their
               | themes. But more than that, you see how themes are
               | repeated throughout history, and how the author's
               | experiences changed how they illustrated those themes.
               | English classes taught you plenty of history - not so
               | much in rote facts, but rather by illustrating parts of
               | the cultural zeitgeist of different eras and how authors
               | reinforced, protested, or recorded what was happening at
               | the time.
               | 
               | I doubt many children appreciate education while they're
               | learning, but adults certainly can be thankful that they
               | weren't left in the dark.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | It's very impolite to label lived experience of another
               | educated and probably somewhat accomplished adult as
               | immature.
               | 
               | At 45 years old I can confidently say that anything I've
               | "learned" on my native language classes through 12 years
               | of having them was totally useless garbage and I'm using
               | none of it in my writing, reading and culturural
               | appreciation or understanding of the world. Everything I
               | use was self-acquired in the time I had that was not
               | spent in native language classes. Ideas of education are
               | great, but the implementation is terrible to the point of
               | being useless.
               | 
               | On the other hand math, physics and chemistry I learned
               | at school has been immensely practically and culturally
               | useful and I wouldn't know a fraction of it if I wasn't
               | taught it in school.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | 40, and I concur.
               | 
               | Even if the goal is a cultural appreciation,
               | Shakespeare's plays will tell you as much about England
               | in 1585-1613 as Terry Gilliam's filmography does about
               | the Anglosphere in 1971-present.
               | 
               | It's more than zero, but it's also missing the
               | overwhelming majority of the context and the world in
               | which it exists.
               | 
               | Modern readings treat Shakespeare with excessive
               | reverence: not just "a playwright" but " _The_ Bard ".
               | 
               | Those plays were made to be performed with very short
               | rehearsal time before performing, outside, with no lights
               | (at most fire, but it was wood and thatched and burned
               | down from a theatrical cannon), in a crowded venue where
               | audiences would be expected to jeer and cheer, whereas
               | today it's a finely rehearsed performance by people who
               | take it seriously performed for an audience who consider
               | it high culture.
               | 
               | Monty Python's Gumbies aren't well understood by new
               | viewer today, as modern news treats "the man on the
               | street" somewhat differently than in the 70s. How wrong
               | do modern viewers comprehend Shakespeare's characters,
               | considering that "The Taming of the Shrew" is classified
               | as a comedy?
               | 
               | That said, I was also busy teaching myself a lot of maths
               | and science ahead of the classes; what I learned from
               | school but would not have taught myself was the basics of
               | German and French (though only the former stuck with me),
               | the absolute basics of music notation, some metalworking
               | and woodworking, and PE.
               | 
               | Oh, and the practical experiences in the chemistry lab,
               | though I'd have still done the theory myself without
               | that.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | > Shakespeare's plays will tell you as much about England
               | in 1585-1613 as Terry Gilliam's filmography does about
               | the Anglosphere in 1971-present.
               | 
               | Why, given the vast ocean of possible knowledge, would
               | you assume I or most people would have any interest or
               | benefit in that? Over something like geometric algebra,
               | soldering or solving quadratic equations?
               | 
               | Human creations can be roughly divided in two categories,
               | tools and content. Teaching content is pointless. Its
               | selection is arbitrary and its value is roughly same and
               | miniscule. Millions will choose Frotnite streamer over
               | Shakespeare any day of the week. Math, physics,
               | chemistry, foreign language are tools. Tools that the
               | knowledge of can help you create whatever you desire,
               | both content and whats more important and rare new tools.
               | Native language classes, history, geography, even biology
               | are very content heavy and very poor on tools. Thus they
               | are mostly useless.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | I was agreeing with you about these points, sorry if that
               | didn't come across, I was rather tired while writing
               | that.
               | 
               | I was also saying that even though the lens of culture,
               | the generally mandatory Shakespeare is overrated.
        
               | fizx wrote:
               | When you're a scientist, you'd assume the calculus is the
               | most useful thing you learn in high school, but actually
               | its the 10 page essay on deadline for grant writing.
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | _I learned anything professionally useful in English_
               | 
               | Even as someone who went full 'STEM' for both my
               | education and career, English is probably among the most
               | professionally useful courses I did in high school. A
               | surprisingly large part of my job involves reading
               | things, understanding them, and then writing a clear and
               | reasoned response to them, all skills I first learned and
               | really got to practice in English class.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Reading and writing is a huge part of software
               | development. But I didn't learn these skills at school.
               | If anything, school soured them for me, by making me read
               | things I didn't want to read and writing things I didn't
               | want to write. School should let you read what you want.
               | Today that you read it could be checked with AI prepared
               | quiz. And writing should be mostly focused on
               | communication not essays. Very small fraction of people
               | ends up getting significant utility writing their
               | ramblings into the void.
        
               | circlefavshape wrote:
               | > making me read things I didn't want to read and writing
               | things I didn't want to write
               | 
               | How to do things you don't want to do is a fundamental
               | requirement for adulthood, and probably the most
               | important skill anyone learns in school
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | I absolutely disagree. Adulthood is freedom. It's when
               | you decide what you choose to do. Sometimes things feel
               | like you have to do them but that's just remnants of the
               | conditioning you were moulded by as a child. When you are
               | pressed to the wall you are eventually forced to
               | understand that you don't really have to do them, you
               | just choose to, because however hard they may be it's
               | easier for you than the available alternative. You don't
               | have that level of agency as a child when you are
               | constantly exposed to indoctrination from everybody more
               | powerful than you (which at this stage is pretty much
               | everybody).
        
               | circlefavshape wrote:
               | > Adulthood is freedom.
               | 
               | Freedom? That has not been my experience of adulthood. To
               | me adulthood is about making responsible choices based on
               | their consequences for you and the people around you ...
               | which means that the majority of my time is spent doing
               | things that other people need rather than because I want
               | to do them
        
               | bluecalm wrote:
               | That may be your experience. In such case I feel for you.
               | For me doing things I don't want to do take less than an
               | hour a day for my whole adult life. During school it was
               | more like 11 (including going there, homework, other
               | related chores). I hate school system with passion and I
               | feel it was the worst thing that happened to me. I would
               | be better off wandering the streets and getting access to
               | a library.
        
             | meiraleal wrote:
             | > but success in school requires you to be successful in
             | these subjects as well.
             | 
             | It requires a very small success on a very basic level. It
             | is not good to be a super math genius and know nothing
             | about geography and history.
        
             | panta wrote:
             | The school should form decent individuals before than
             | useful workers, and for that it's necessary to have a
             | passing level of culture. For example, everyone should have
             | a basic grasp of ethics (and know a bit of history), even
             | those of us working in technology or science. Geniuses like
             | Ramanunjan or John von Neumann are such a rare occurrence
             | that the school system can not and should not optimize for
             | them (and my very personal view is also that we'll have
             | even less geniuses in the future, as our distraction-based
             | society is not conducive anymore to cognitive development).
        
             | dclowd9901 wrote:
             | Something about this sniffs as elitist to me. A person
             | who's intelligent is curious and a person who's curious
             | should be curious about all things, not just some limited
             | set.
             | 
             | Now, that's not to say the only issue is someone's
             | curiosity. Traditional teaching methods make it very hard
             | to be interested in some topics (history and language comes
             | to mind), but barring that, I'm not sure I accept "it's not
             | interesting" as a reason not to explore a subject.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | The only intelligence on earth capable of being equally
               | curious about all things, of not needing to discriminate
               | and focus only on preferred subjects, is the artificial
               | kind of intelligence.
               | 
               | The rest of us don't live long enough compared to our
               | reading speed.
        
             | atoav wrote:
             | A few points on this:
             | 
             | - How and _when_ would you know a subject doesn 't click?
             | In my case German (my first language) and English sucked
             | for roughly 8 years. I ended school with A in both and was
             | the only student in my school without a single mistake in
             | my exam.
             | 
             | - School gives you good grades if you managed to learn the
             | topics at hand. Being able to learn what is needed or what
             | you are bad at -- not what you want and are good at is a
             | skill in itself that can be important in life. I'd argue
             | unless you are an exceptional genius (unlike 99,999% of
             | pupils) you gain more from pulling through than you would
             | if you called yourself a genius and focused on a single
             | topic. Schools goal is to educate the majority
             | 
             | - pupils (and often also their parents) are utterly unable
             | to judge which bits of school will be essential to their
             | later life. I had many collegues who utterly hated every
             | second of a multitude of subjects, only to years later tell
             | me how glad they are now to have had been subjected to it
             | (which brings me back to my first point)
             | 
             | We could (and should!) argue on how school works as a
             | system of grades, teachers and pupils -- ideally teachers
             | would motivate students to become curious about and
             | proficient in subjects without the motivation of good or
             | the threat of bad grades. But if my experience as an
             | educator at the university levels (without grades in mh
             | case) shows one thing it is that those first semester
             | students who are really able to judge what will be useful
             | to them later on are not many. Many of them are more like
             | the dog in the meme: "Only stick, no take" -- they want to
             | be able to do the cool thing without knowing what is needed
             | to do the cool thing.
        
               | FeepingCreature wrote:
               | I mean, just as a counter-note: I utterly hated every
               | second of a multitude of subjects, and indeed now I am 37
               | and I never needed them and was entirely correct about
               | what I would require later.
        
               | weweweoo wrote:
               | Personally I loved history, social science and geography,
               | but none of that has been useful in working life. Being
               | good at mathematics is prerequisite for nearly all well-
               | paying jobs, humanities are not of much use except for
               | being able to write and read well.
        
               | boringg wrote:
               | Remember that school isn't only about acquiring skills to
               | leverage your lifetime earnings. Education is about
               | understanding and learning the world as a whole. So
               | understanding humanities history the land that we live in
               | and everything else under the sun is important.
               | 
               | Imagine that all we were was measured by the salary that
               | we make and not humans and human civilization. Might as
               | well just hand over our lives to the robots now.
        
               | richrichie wrote:
               | Hindsight bias?
        
               | atoav wrote:
               | This is also part of my point, e.g. having learned
               | Italian for years was exhausting and mostly pointless
               | when I did it, and nowadays I can somewhat understand it
               | whenever I am in Italy, which is maybe every two years.
               | Was that worth it for the level of skill I gained:
               | probably not.
               | 
               | But I wouldn't be able to tell if some of the mental
               | agility I have today (beyond languages) could be
               | attributed to the fact that I was exposed to this
               | language which differs from my first languages in
               | multiple ways. The lessons you may take away from any
               | given subject is not necessarily limited to its raw
               | content.
               | 
               | This is a quite known topic in educational sciences, e.g.
               | when answering the question why it still makes sense to
               | teach kids how to do maths without a calculator in an age
               | where you have it always in your pocket -- that is
               | because it (A) forms an intuition about mathematical
               | correctness and (B) logical and numerical thinking gets
               | trained as an side effect.
               | 
               | Ofc all of that doesn't happen when you are unlucky
               | enough to have had bad teachers, but that wasn't the
               | argument.
        
               | pezezin wrote:
               | In my very limited experience as an educator (I worked as
               | a teacher for two years at the trade school level), I
               | completely agree with your excellent comment.
               | 
               | I would argue that sometimes students are right when they
               | complaint about a subject being useless or obsolete (e.g.
               | our network professor told us everything about the OSI
               | protocol stack in great detail, and barely touched
               | TCP/IP), but most of the time they don't know what will
               | be useful later in life.
        
               | atoav wrote:
               | Yeah I mean, I can come up with 1000 lessons that would
               | be utterly usless to 999 out of 1000 students in practise
               | -- but that wouldn't stop me from teaching those 1000
               | lessons in a way that really hooks those students to the
               | topics discussed.
               | 
               | On the flipside you can take the most essential,
               | practical and important topic and deliver it with such
               | dullness that everybody falls asleep.
               | 
               | The first step in teaching (IMO) is to make people
               | interested to hear what is being said. If your subject is
               | useless and boring to most people you have to find a way
               | to make it useful and interesting to them. This requires
               | rethorical and social skills, good presentation skills
               | and a deep understandingnand interest for the subjects to
               | be thought.
               | 
               | In reality most subjects have interesting bits, but is
               | the task of the teacher to make them relate to the world.
               | If your prof thougth you about the OSI protocol stack so
               | long everybody forgot its practical applications and how
               | it binds together with higher level stuff, that is
               | certainly knowledge, but it doesn't help you making it
               | part of your understanding of the world.
        
               | CM30 wrote:
               | Yeah, these are definitely points worth noting.
               | Especially as in many cases, the way something is taught
               | can have a huge effect on how well you do in
               | it/understand it, and students will end up not liking
               | subjects that they could have liked in university or the
               | workplace.
               | 
               | So you also have to wonder how many potential math
               | prodigies we've missed out on, simply because they had a
               | bad maths education at school.
        
             | wiz21c wrote:
             | In my experience, people who are really good at something
             | usually are at least average on many others. Thus they can
             | do the minimum in other courses to pass, it's just a matter
             | of working enough.
             | 
             | In my country, there are several students (12-18 years old)
             | who can mix sport at high level (national championship) and
             | a lighter school activity. They work like mad but they do
             | it. But they have to prove there are good enough to get it,
             | which is OK to me.
             | 
             | Being really good is not something you appreciate yourself,
             | it's the others that notice.
        
             | anal_reactor wrote:
             | In my country there is a system where a kid applying to
             | high school gets accepted based on a standard test, or can
             | skip the line by performing well on a contest organized by
             | the ministry of education. In my class something like 80%
             | of kids were admitted through contests. When applying to
             | the university there's a similar thing, except it's much
             | harder to skip the line, but universities are free to set
             | up their own admission rules as long as the rules are based
             | on the national standard test. In my case, the final
             | admission score was calculated something like "90% maths
             | 10% everything else"
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | That is an advantage of the British system. You have a wide
             | education until 16 and sit a broad range of exams at that
             | age (GCSEs) and then specialise in a few (most often three)
             | subjects from 16 to 18.
             | 
             | You usually need to pass English and maths GCSEs, but
             | universities mostly care about the subjects you do in the
             | last two years (except for very competitive courses).
             | 
             | This can be a problem for those who want to keep options
             | open until they are 18 (like my younger daughter).
             | 
             | Even the system up to 16 is pretty flexible. There is a
             | huge range of available subjects - although most schools
             | offer only a limited selection (my kids were out of school
             | by secondary school age so we had a huge choice and did
             | some less usual subjects like astronomy and Latin).
        
               | dagw wrote:
               | As someone who did my GCSE's but then moved abroad before
               | my A Levels and ended up taking the International
               | Baccalaureate, I'm in hindsight really glad I didn't do A
               | Levels. Had I stayed in England I would have studied just
               | maths, physics and chemistry. Being forced by the IB
               | program to also study english, philosophy and economics
               | really expanded my horizons and has been huge boon to me
               | in my life and I'm really happy I was afforded the
               | opportunity to do so.
        
               | sensanaty wrote:
               | I did IGCSE's (the international version as I lived in
               | Indonesia) and AS/A levels myself, while a lot of my
               | friends who went to a different school did IB and I
               | generally disagree. My most hated school years were the
               | IGCSE times, exactly because I was forced into learning
               | about crap I didn't care about in the slightest, like
               | English Literature when all I wanted to do was the
               | various sciences and especially mathematics.
               | 
               | I feel like the IGCSE times were more than enough
               | exposure to those other subjects to give me a reasonably
               | well-rounded image of those subjects. Now, a decade
               | later, I'm definitely glad I went the STEM route rather
               | than ever touching on any humanities subjects in any
               | amount of detail.
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | IGCSEs per se are a lot more flexible about that. You can
               | do any subjects in any combination you like. Its a
               | decision by the school to make English literature
               | compulsory. Home educated kids often do not do it, on the
               | other hand there are are huge number of subjects they can
               | pick from: https://he-
               | exams.fandom.com/wiki/Category:Subjects
               | 
               | British universities do often (usually?) require English
               | language (or an equivalent) and maths (I)GCSEs, as do
               | British employers and further education colleges etc. so
               | its a really bad idea to skip those.
               | 
               | I do think its good to give kids a broad education, and
               | for some it would be good to continue that for longer.
               | For others (like you) its just boring.
               | 
               | I also think there should be more opportunities for adult
               | education, so if you decide later in life that you would
               | like to learn about English literature or physics or
               | whatever you should have a chance to do it. AT the moment
               | in the UK things seem to be going the other way, with an
               | over expansion of universities sucking up money, and
               | further education colleges that used to offer adult
               | education putting the resources into "16 to 18" courses.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | Same in the Netherlands, it's become more flexible even
               | since I went through school. It sucks until about age 16
               | (or 17/18 if you take a higher level education that
               | includes e.g. Latin / Greek), then you get to go to
               | vocational education and either do a work/school combo (1
               | day a week of school), or continue fulltime school for
               | 3-10 years (3 years for most associate's degrees, 4 for
               | bachelor's, more for a master's, and often you can go
               | from the one to a higher level if you choose to).
               | 
               | But yeah, until that age it sucks and a lot of people
               | struggle because they have to do classes they aren't at
               | all interested in.
        
             | vishnugupta wrote:
             | > maybe you should be able to get an A++++
             | 
             | What does an A++++ mean? I guess it's equivalent of
             | publishing a novel result/idea, solving a long standing
             | conjecture sort of ability? If yes then I'd say the system
             | does accommodate them. Terrance Tao for example was fast
             | tracked and didn't get lost in the system.
             | 
             | Though it probably requires some effort from parents to
             | figure out the right path for their prodigies.
        
             | high_na_euv wrote:
             | >but success in school requires you to be successful in
             | these subjects as well
             | 
             | It doesnt, at least in my country.
             | 
             | Here you have a few school leaving exams that you need to
             | perform at
             | 
             | Math, native lang and english.
             | 
             | And one at advanced level, but its your choice when it
             | comes to subject.
             | 
             | What you are talking about is GPA and GPA is meaningless
             | tbf
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | That's irrelevant to 99.99% of people. An A in math is not
             | especially difficult to achieve.
             | 
             | To actually be meaningfully better at math you need to go
             | far, far further than the coursework presented in schools,
             | at which point it becomes an extra curricular which is
             | already considered. If you're a math savant proving novel
             | theorems, they will notice that.
             | 
             | But nobody gives a shit if you're just really, really good
             | at factoring polynomials from Algebra 2 tests.
        
             | leptons wrote:
             | I was put into the "advanced" class in grade school, only
             | to hate the increased homework load, and I missed my
             | friends in the non-advanced class, so I intentionally
             | refused to do the work so that I would be put back in the
             | "regular" grade school classes. I was great at math, I
             | taught myself fractions and algebra at a young age. I just
             | didn't like spending so much time on the other subjects,
             | they seemed too easy or too boring and took up too much
             | school time. They wouldn't let me into the computer
             | programming class in High School because I hadn't passed
             | geometry, and the teacher was a total asshole - I failed
             | his class, but I got an A in the make-up class with a
             | different teacher. I got kicked out of electronics class
             | because some other students stole stuff and blamed me for
             | it - I had nothing to do with the theft, I was the
             | teacher's favorite and had access to everything, I didn't
             | need to steal anything, he gave me anything I wanted. God I
             | hated High School so much.
             | 
             | After graduating High School, I couldn't really see myself
             | sitting through 4 more years of basically the same subject
             | material - history, English, social studies, etc... when
             | all I really wanted to do is use my talent in electronics
             | and computers that I'd been accumulating since I was 5
             | years old. So I went to a trade school for electronics and
             | computers instead of a college, this was back in the late
             | 80's.
             | 
             | I can't say that not going to college hurt my job prospects
             | at all, I've been highly paid for many years for doing
             | something I love. Jobs hired me based on experience, not
             | because I went to a college. That may have changed a bit
             | now, since some tech companies favor college graduates, but
             | I've worked with some college graduates that are just dumb
             | as shit and couldn't get anything done - not all are like
             | that, but going to college isn't an indicator of success at
             | all.
        
           | Onavo wrote:
           | But if their overall SAT scores aren't good enough to get
           | into the elite colleges, won't we just be denying the
           | eccentric geniuses?
        
             | coliveira wrote:
             | Well, the eccentric geniuses have already left the
             | system... Frankly, if you go through the last 30 years, how
             | many such geniuses you can find in American universities? I
             | only see a little bit higher than average, so it seems that
             | the system has already eliminated the geniuses.
        
               | clipsy wrote:
               | > I only see a little bit higher than average
               | 
               | Could you share your source for statistics on "eccentric
               | geniuses"?
        
             | theGnuMe wrote:
             | I like to look at the backgrounds of the people who win the
             | Nobel prize. Everyone is interdisciplinary.
             | 
             | For college and life in general, I think main skill needed
             | is emotional regulation. Everything else flows from that.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | The eccentric geniuses at these elite schools will end up
             | doing stupid shit for a bank.
        
           | babyent wrote:
           | I'm honestly no genius but I can relate to R in that one way.
           | 
           | As a child I used to get all As and even got into a Stanford
           | pre-collegiate program as a kid where I learned C++ and
           | geometry.
           | 
           | Unfortunately after a surgery in 9th grade that left me
           | unable to attend school for 3-4 months and just terrible QOL
           | for about a year my grades slipped (went from A+ studen to C
           | grade student) and I basically became average. I lost all
           | interest in most subjects at school due to depression and
           | other things.
           | 
           | My goal as a child was to get a Stanford JD/MD MBA (lol I
           | know..), and today I have only a bachelors from a low ranked
           | state college in business.
           | 
           | I enjoyed programming so much as a kid that one summer, so
           | later in life I ended up going back to it. Taught myself
           | enough in a month to get on some projects as a swe. Later I
           | got lucky working at a unicorn company that IPO'd.
           | 
           | Now I am trying to build my own company and see how far I can
           | get as a solo founder. Sometimes I wonder how my life would
           | have turned out if it wasn't for that injury, but oh well.
           | Shit happens, right?
           | 
           | Jeez sorry for the sob story but it feels good to get it off.
        
             | jyunwai wrote:
             | Another student at a martial arts gym unexpectedly gave me
             | some advice that is somewhat common, but had an impact
             | because the words came at the right time and from the right
             | person: he kindly told me to never judge myself based on
             | the person that I might have been, and to instead compare
             | myself now to how I was a month ago.
             | 
             | I believe that any person here with an inkling of relatable
             | technical experience can greatly appreciate the work you've
             | been doing. Software development can be complicated and
             | frustrating, especially when things don't work as you
             | expect them to (but then, you learn and become better).
             | Leading a business is very difficult, often due to sources
             | of problems you don't expect (such as regulatory and legal
             | requirements, accounting, and publicity).
             | 
             | Some people cruise on to great careers without facing many
             | barriers. But many others face unexpected setbacks and have
             | to manage them. A close friend of mine was living an
             | overall good life until it was profoundly disrupted by a
             | civil war in his home country. But he made it to my country
             | where he began his undergraduate degree at a great
             | university that he loves. A past colleague of mine spent
             | much of her early twenties managing physical disability,
             | but successfully received treatment and went on to graduate
             | with an engineering degree. She has since landed a position
             | at a top aerospace company that she really wanted to work
             | at.
             | 
             | You are setting up a good life for yourself. Many people
             | lack that kind of drive or struggle with executing ideas;
             | several people I personally know would be very proud to one
             | day experience just a small part of your successes so far.
        
               | babyent wrote:
               | Thank you for your kind response. I am happy for your
               | friends and also the message you received at your gym.
               | 
               | Life is truly a journey unique to each one of us.
               | 
               | I've found peace and I carry a signed index card in my
               | wallet on which I've written my "ethos". It took me a
               | long time to come up with it and I'm sure it's common,
               | but those 5 points are something I try to remain true
               | towards.
               | 
               | Cheers mate, best.
        
               | ngc248 wrote:
               | yep ... we are all running our own individual races ...
               | instead of reminiscing and thinking what coulda been ...
               | better to look forward and look at what we can do now.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | I missed out on theater and improvisational comedy only
           | because I pigeonholed myself as a computer nerd and
           | engineering type and almost nothing else.
           | 
           | I found that I have a certain knack for it and really enjoyed
           | performing.
        
           | oh_my_goodness wrote:
           | It is good to expose them. But that doesn't mean the previous
           | point is backwards.
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | > College is the place to specialize in a subject.
           | 
           | In Europe maybe, but in America a lot of students receive
           | their general purpose liberal arts education in College, and
           | will then specialize later with a post graduate degree.
        
             | bonzini wrote:
             | So what is high school for?
             | 
             | Also does the above apply also to the most selective and
             | renowned institutions, or only to community colleges?
        
               | trgn wrote:
               | High school is preparing to be able to do a college
               | education? A bachelor's isn't that trivial most of the
               | time.
               | 
               | I'd say applies to most colleges, of any size. Community
               | colleges tend to be more like trade schools
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | In Europe high school is when you get a generic
               | education, and in college you choose your topic. So if
               | you are a languages major you'll have no more math, if
               | you're a STEM major you'll have no more history, if
               | you're a philosophy major you might have logic and some
               | history but no physics or linear algebra, and so on.
               | 
               | I studied computer science (M.Eng.) and I had to provide
               | an English certification as a foreign language, but that
               | was it. The only non-computer science, non-math, non-
               | electronics courses were one semester of chemistry, one
               | of economics and three of physics (which you could say is
               | related to electronics though). So basically 15-20%.
               | 
               | Having to study more history or biology would have been a
               | huge waste of time in a CS university, and I say that as
               | someone who did more Latin and Greek than math and
               | physics in high school.
        
           | llm_trw wrote:
           | To quote an artist friend: exposure is good until you die
           | from it.
           | 
           | Being forced to do subjects that you hate is not exposure, it
           | is being forced to do things which you are completely
           | unsuited for.
           | 
           | I would go so far as saying that being forced to take music
           | until 7th grade put me off any musical pursuits for the next
           | 20 years. The less said about the torture disguised as
           | education that is PE the better.
        
             | jajko wrote:
             | Yeah that's a common result of forced learning by lets be
             | polite mediocre folks. Utter hate of the whole topic for
             | easily 2 decades too. Then finding slowly my own personal
             | way back to them, despite school.
             | 
             | If anything, current (and this is valid globally) school
             | system is not designed at excellence at its core, its about
             | raising an army of obedient but not too stupid citizens.
             | And its not missed expectation, just look at what type of
             | work they expect to fill in. Don't expect massive changes
             | unless society changes itself.
             | 
             | Some narrow excellence is not what our society at large
             | values, those few that made it through made it _despite_
             | their environment.
        
           | db48x wrote:
           | Specialization does begin earlier than that. Most high
           | schools in the US have advanced classes that students can opt
           | in to, and there is the AP program.
           | 
           | Personally I think that we could do better by tailoring every
           | student's education to their abilities. Put in simplest
           | possible terms, we could arrange classes by complexity rather
           | than by year. Have one class for addition and subtraction,
           | another for multiplication and division, then geometry,
           | algebra, etc, etc. Then let students graduate from one to the
           | next based on proven ability rather than by age. Do the same
           | for language, history, etc. Let every student proceed through
           | the courses at their own speed.
        
             | angled wrote:
             | One such school:
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/AME_School
             | 
             | The kids that went there ... some succeeded, some really
             | struggled to adjust to other schools and environments.
        
             | kyawzazaw wrote:
             | A bit too late if you are comparing to football level of
             | specialization to produce people like messi
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | "Exposure" would be spending much much less time on those
           | subjects, especially the free home time. Then the number of
           | subjects is practically infinite, so expecting "most" is just
           | as unrealistic (and colleges also continue this "exposure")
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | _It 's good that public school exposes children to many
           | subjects - hopefully most of them. So that they can discover
           | if they click with one of them. The real danger is that
           | someone never gets exposed to a subject at all. College is
           | the place to specialize in a subject._
           | 
           | then why does this 'discovery process' have to continue into
           | college? That was the OP's point. When money and time is on
           | the line, let adults decide what they want to study. An
           | 18-year-old is no longer a child.
        
           | energy123 wrote:
           | The exposure to subjects isn't the problem, this is the
           | problem: https://paulgraham.com/lesson.html
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | > It's good that public school exposes children to many
           | subjects - hopefully most of them. So that they can discover
           | if they click with one of them. The real danger is that
           | someone never gets exposed to a subject at all. College is
           | the place to specialize in a subject.
           | 
           | While some exposure is probably better on average than none,
           | in some instances bad experiences can trip the fuse on
           | developing an interest.
           | 
           | The rote nature of canned education, bad teachers, bad
           | parents, or bullies can turn kids off of subjects they might
           | otherwise come to love.
        
           | TeeMassive wrote:
           | Is it "good", certainly, but I don't think most of the stuff
           | is worth it in the technological world. Let kids follow their
           | interests, keep the general stuff to a minimum and you will
           | have a lot more of happy kids with who excel more.
        
           | flockonus wrote:
           | To overemphasize in a complex topic as good | bad is overly
           | simplistic and doesn't help at all. Hardly anything is
           | complete good or completely bad, it's meaningless to make a
           | black or white point.
        
           | bluecalm wrote:
           | The problem is that there is too much of this general
           | exposure and specialization happens way too late once the
           | brain is not as good at learning anymore. People peak in
           | competitive fields when they are in early 20s or even before
           | that. In our education system we are not even allowed to do
           | the job before we are like 25 or later. There is only so much
           | you can learn sitting in a chair listening to a professor.
           | It's a completely backwards system that limits potential of
           | about anyone with average+ intelligence.
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | It's good that schools _expose_ children to many subjects.
           | 
           | It's not good at all that school reward being OK in every
           | subject more than being really good in a handful of them. The
           | school system is a mediocrity factory.
        
           | is_true wrote:
           | A subject "clicking" is strongly dependent on the teacher.
        
           | DragonStrength wrote:
           | The miss, which in my state has changed recently, was kicking
           | kids out eventually who failed one subject but were
           | succeeding in others. Sure, that kid isn't going to an Ivy
           | League school, but there's value in finding ways to make up
           | for what they aren't getting versus producing a high school
           | dropout with bleak prospects in today's society.
        
           | thr0waway001 wrote:
           | Agreed. Given that most people are not exceptional at
           | anything it makes more sense to give them a well rounded
           | education by exposing them to a lot of subjects to see what
           | takes. And all the exceptional people, well, they're just
           | gonna have to use their gifts to push through the monotony of
           | the things they don't like while still pursing their passion.
           | 
           | Unless they are born wealthy or find a benefactor so they can
           | go to private school or a gifted person school, that caters
           | to their specific needs, it's the best we can do to serve
           | everyone.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | your thought reminded me of the radio program about Jean
         | Shepherd getting his Class A radio license.
         | 
         | https://www.rfcafe.com/miscellany/factoids/Jean-Shepherd-Cla...
         | 
         | on youtube as well
        
         | p1necone wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure I only have a successful career because I
         | deeply enjoy programming and have a slightly neurotic obsession
         | with code quality and ergonomics. I can't fathom giving enough
         | of a shit about anything I don't enjoy for long enough to be
         | successful otherwise.
        
         | barrettondricka wrote:
         | The best way to learn is to play and come up with stuff
         | yourself. But playing doesn't get you anywhere specific. People
         | who play around a lot, clearly know much more and in depth than
         | everyone else, but when you hand them a random checklist,
         | chances are they won't know a few.
         | 
         | Standardized tests are screwing everything up. People who learn
         | on their own might stumble upon the entire alphabet except for
         | the letter "B," but standardized tests want only the first 5
         | letters. Hence the incredible efficiency of knowing the entire
         | alphabet is thrown under the bus in favor of making sure none
         | of the 5 are missing.
         | 
         | You can't teach someone to play, and there is no way to play
         | systematically, at scale, and with guaranteed results. All the
         | incredible people I know have some hole in "basic" knowledge,
         | and if it is revealed nobody cares about them being miles ahead
         | elsewhere. "Their basics seem lacking, in the name of stability
         | and norm, throw them back to square one."
         | 
         | Following standards never produces something new, but the world
         | is so afraid of failure and lack of definitions in "messing
         | around" that they are willing to trade their souls for it.
         | 
         | Take any hacker here on HN, and ask how much they learned in CS
         | class vs. how much they learned messing around with Perl on a
         | weekend.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | Standardized tests are tool for systems to be able to compare
           | and work toward a uniformity of outcome. Expecting it to help
           | anything beyond that is a foolish errand. Public schools need
           | to educate million of people each years with differing
           | deposition and life circumstances and do so with relative
           | competency.
           | 
           | Excellence requires individual attention and cannot be so
           | readily mass produced.
        
             | coliveira wrote:
             | > and do so with relative competency
             | 
             | I dispute this on the grounds that students are going
             | through American schools and many of them don't even know
             | how to read.
        
               | kiba wrote:
               | 92% of adults know how to read to varying level.[1]
               | 
               | The number, while high, is not satisfactory. Clearly, we
               | also want adults to be functionally and not pass a super
               | low bar of being able to read a sentence which 92% does
               | not care to distinguish, but it is not fact true that
               | "many of them don't even know how to read".
               | 
               | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literacy_in_the_United_S
               | tates
        
               | amenhotep wrote:
               | In terms of not being able to read, I would count 8% as
               | "many"? Select a group of ten random Americans and you'd
               | expect one of them to be illiterate - that's appalling.
        
               | coliveira wrote:
               | Right there you have 8%. But it is worse because it says
               | they're able to "read to varying level", which includes
               | 2nd grade level, or barely at all.
        
         | rowanG077 wrote:
         | I agree. That's also why I just don't believe at all when
         | people say we have a shortage of talent (as in we need stuff
         | like H1B) there is a ton of talent wasted. Everyone know that
         | smart person who is working a menial job.
        
           | asciimov wrote:
           | In my experience it's not talent but opportunity that is in
           | short supply. One of the smartest people I know is an
           | electrician, simply because he grew up in a rural area and
           | couldn't afford to leave for college.
        
         | tightbookkeeper wrote:
         | But if you notice the people who are in administrative
         | positions are the people who are "well rounded" not those who
         | are good at one thing.
         | 
         | Even within academic stem fields you have people who know how
         | to promote and speak and they have the most influence.
         | 
         | I guess what I'm trying to say is the system is mostly
         | selecting for what it wants.
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | Education is optimized for average citizen who must work
         | through boring tasks every day. I feel like geniuses probably
         | more like survive in school rather than being supported.
        
         | alnwlsn wrote:
         | These people are still out there. When I was in high school we
         | had the normal people, then people who took advanced placement
         | stuff, then the "super nerds" who were at the top of all the
         | advanced placement stuff with perfect grades, and then there
         | was this one guy who was most of the way through all the
         | advanced math classes at the nearby university. Same guy was in
         | one of my English classes, and was failing. More or less he
         | couldn't be bothered.
         | 
         | Sadly the later part of your comment may hold - I don't
         | remember what ended up happening with him, whether he graduated
         | high school or what. Hopefully at that level you just disappear
         | into academia and not off the face of the earth in general.
        
         | readenough wrote:
         | Everyone here seems to have missed the significance of L.J.
         | Rogers in this story.
        
         | graycat wrote:
         | > But what if those just aren't interesting to someone?
         | 
         | The school I went to grades 1--12 tried to be especially _good_
         | so taught Latin, French. Some of the girls were in ballet. MIT
         | came recruiting. The year before me two guys went to Princeton
         | and ran against each other for President of the Freshman Class
         | (whatever that meant!). In my class, one guy (did nearly as
         | well on the SAT Math as I did!!!) went to MIT.
         | 
         | In one of the early grades, I got dumped on (adenoids, couldn't
         | hear well until that got fixed). Apparently the teachers talked
         | to each other and had me with a dunce cap until I proved
         | otherwise. In 1st algebra, discovered math: I liked it, was
         | good at it, was the best in the class, proved myself, got sent
         | to a math tournament, couldn't get dumped on, etc. Continued
         | that way: Was so good at math that I got an unspoken but
         | powerful _by_ in any subject, e.g., English literature, I didn
         | 't like.
         | 
         | Got sent to summer math/physics _enrichment_ programs.
         | 
         | So, for that example, for
         | 
         | > But what if those just aren't interesting to someone?
         | 
         | some schools will let a student who is good at some one subject
         | get a _by_ in other subjects.
         | 
         | Really, schools, K-Ph.D., have a tough time finding any
         | students really good in even just one subject, are thrilled
         | when they find one that is, and don't want to block him/her
         | because he viewed fictional literature as a not very credible
         | presentation of common reality?
         | 
         | That _by_ pattern continued: In grad school, they insisted that
         | I take their computer science course. My background in
         | computing was already nicely above that course, and I 'd
         | already taught a similar course at Georgetown. Soooo, mostly
         | laughed at the course: E.g., they had a test question about
         | Quicksort (very common topic then), and I answered with
         | material they didn't know.
         | 
         | The best case of _by_ : Took a _reading course_ ; decided to
         | address a question in the pure math of optimization; two weeks
         | later had a surprising theorem and from that an answer to the
         | question. The work, clearly publishable, was instant news all
         | over the department, some profs angry that I had done well,
         | others pleased. Angry/pleased, the work got me a general
         | purpose _by_ , a gold crown, immunity from any criticism, and
         | an unspoken, implicit, easy path to the rest of the Ph.D.
        
         | loveparade wrote:
         | If you are optimizing for finding geniuses like R, you may be
         | right. Many probably fall through the cracks of the educational
         | system. But I don't think this is what we are or should be
         | optimizing for. The vast majority of people would end up
         | unemployable if they weren't "forced" to study things they
         | don't enjoy because some skills are just more employable than
         | others. You're lucky if you enjoy engineering/science, but not
         | so lucky if you only care about art literature.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | You're assuming it's luck. But maybe we're actually good at
         | identifying boundary-pushing geniuses? There are huge, huge
         | incentives for being good at that.
        
         | nurettin wrote:
         | > I wonder how many geniuses we skip on because doing the
         | chores of homework and getting through boring classes is
         | busywork and memorization for the sake of getting an A.
         | 
         | Zero? If you qualify as a prodigy, it is apparent from a young
         | age. Maths prodigies are especially easy to distinguish. Given
         | a little time, they will self-learn, grok and innovate on
         | anything you throw at them and will likely attend higher
         | education early unlike "the brilliant kid"s who will struggle
         | with advanced concepts all their lives.
        
           | acka wrote:
           | It seems you are assuming that all child prodigies are
           | polymaths (no pun intended).
           | 
           | There are children with exceptional mental abilities in a
           | limited range of topics or even a single topic, such as math,
           | music or drawing, They may struggle to various degrees with
           | subjects or life skills that don't correspond closely with
           | their specific topics of interest and ability.
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | you can't serve two masters.
         | 
         | How would you characterize R's master and the "normie" master?
        
         | ji_zai wrote:
         | Agreed.
         | 
         | It's the crazy ones that push humanity forward. We lose far
         | more than we can imagine by not enabling even just one of them.
         | This is one of the most important problems for us to fix.
        
           | kiba wrote:
           | We shouldn't need crazy people to push the boundary. Rather,
           | the crazier you are, the more likely you will flame out.
           | 
           | People who are "weird" and yet are entirely functional are
           | the best of both world and a much rarer combination.
        
         | geodel wrote:
         | > People like R would be lost in the sea of averages because
         | their genius would be kept shut by norms.
         | 
         | Well norms were in place when R did his work. Even the most
         | strict systems have made concessions for extraordinary people.
         | It is just that mostly average people go around claiming they'd
         | be genius, had system not smothered their creativity.
         | 
         | > I wonder how many geniuses we skip on because doing the
         | chores of homework..
         | 
         | I think from not many to hardly any as I can't believe if kids
         | who are really genius can just go on for more than a decade of
         | primary schooling without ever finding outlet for their
         | creativity.
        
         | yumraj wrote:
         | Now think about the college admission process in the US, where
         | kids are expected to take arbitrary number of AP courses and
         | get 5 in all of them, and write world class essays about
         | passion and solving world hunger while excelling at several
         | extra curricular activities and showing leadership and so on
         | and on.....
        
         | crystal_revenge wrote:
         | You're applying the logic of "that someone" is "Ramanujan", but
         | the system isn't designed around students at the extremes.
         | 
         | Generally I think: "Unless you're Ramanujan, then you should
         | probably have some breadth to your knowledge rather than pure
         | depth" is not a terrible policy.
        
         | anonzzzies wrote:
         | I have always been only interested in the 'exact' sciences
         | since I was a little kid; I did not do other things even if I
         | had to. I just didn't turn up; I was doing 'more important
         | stuff'. I graduated with a special letter from the queen; all
         | aces for exact sciences and the rest massive fail. It turned
         | out that this made me a good programmer and employer, so I made
         | a shitload of money (in eu terms; pocket change compared to
         | what usa peers did). But it was a big mistake; now I really
         | want to learn languages and history, but I never had the basics
         | as a kid so I struggle far more than my peers. My ability to
         | memorize things is not very good as I never needed to in
         | school; formulas and code is not really memorizing as such I
         | found. It is a massive regret. There are no do overs, but I
         | guess even if I could time travel, I would've not be able to
         | explain this to myself enough for me to listen.
        
           | returnInfinity wrote:
           | What we need to do is, make the subjects interesting to learn
           | with tech.
           | 
           | It may now be possible with Videos, Games and VR.
        
             | NamTaf wrote:
             | Tech is not necessary. You just have to make the subjects
             | interesting to learn. Good teachers are way more value than
             | they are valued, and will make the classes interesting to
             | learn.
        
         | js8 wrote:
         | Well, my solution would be this:
         | 
         | Instead of giving kids grades with a ceiling, each subject
         | would have (unlimited number of) levels of proficiency, and to
         | attain a level, kids would have to pass a test (demonstrate
         | certain skill). The choice of subjects and levels to attain
         | would be up to each kid, but they would have to choose to do
         | something (working at getting next level of something would be
         | mandatory). (Although perhaps they should be encouraged to
         | explore different subjects and attain some minimum of levels.)
         | 
         | Also, I would group kids by subject, and not by age. So kids of
         | slightly different levels would train together, and the higher
         | level kids would be obligated to help kids on lower level to
         | learn, while lower level kids were taught to be respectful of
         | higher level kids.
        
           | ddfs123 wrote:
           | >Also, I would group kids by subject, and not by age.
           | 
           | I would be cautious with this, they may have the same
           | academic ability but a large gap in social skills.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | Why is that worse than having large gaps in academic
             | ability and social skills?
        
         | philwelch wrote:
         | Ramanujan was, what, a 1 in 100,000,000 level genius? The gap
         | between Ramanujan and the average class valedictorian is much
         | wider than the gap between the class valedictorian and the
         | average student. I think if we optimize schooling for people
         | like him, we are probably not going to do as well for the other
         | 99,999,999 students.
         | 
         | We probably aren't going to get it quite right for that 1,
         | either. Extreme outlier geniuses are extreme outliers and
         | there's no easily generalizable pattern around them. The ideal
         | education for a young Ramanujan is probably different from the
         | ideal education for a young Von Neumann. Of course in an ideal
         | world we would give an extremely individualized education to
         | every child, but that's much easier said than done. Failing
         | that maybe we could identify and then invest in the extreme
         | geniuses, but that's what we already try to do.
        
         | trueismywork wrote:
         | I was this person, also from India. I am interested in most
         | topics under the sun, but was never interested in being an
         | excellent student, apart from math where I was ranked in top 30
         | in my national olympiads.
         | 
         | I got mediocre marks in high school but thankfully did well in
         | JEE. Now I have a decent PhD in math with an extremely mediocre
         | school record.
        
         | keepamovin wrote:
         | Unfortunately, the purpose of the education system at this
         | stage of human civilization development is not the realization
         | of individual potential or the creation of geniuses. Geniuses,
         | however cool they may be, are not necessarily the most
         | effective increase in unit production efficiency per person
         | that you can create. The point of the education system is
         | essentially to create workers that make the economy productive.
         | 
         | I don't think you can say, even all these years later, that
         | Ramanujan, that mathematician, made the economy more
         | productive, but he certainly increased the high watermark of
         | human civilization and created an inspiring story for
         | individual achievement, creative realization, and artistic and
         | mathematical expression. There's something sublime and
         | transcendental--no pun intended--in the kind of truths that he
         | was able to tease out and the unique, idiosyncratic way that he
         | expressed them. Sort of like a Basquiat of mathematics, I
         | suppose. Or probably better than that.
         | 
         | That aside, I think it's unfortunate that he died of cholera or
         | something, isn't it? I mean, he apparently didn't think it was
         | unfortunate that he was going to die. And certainly, the formal
         | education system didn't necessarily fail him, in that a
         | professor at a university recognized his genius and sponsored
         | him to the UK.
         | 
         | But I think, in a sense that you identify, there is this
         | general failure of the education systems in the human
         | civilizations on this planet to foster perhaps the best thing
         | that they could be fostering. They're more like a manufacturing
         | assembly line to produce cogs as part of the economic machine.
         | 
         | Not that there's anything necessarily wrong with that. I think
         | it's good that people can have a role to play in the larger
         | economy and that there are pathways to bring people to the
         | level of capability where they can contribute like that. But
         | the lack of pathways that these systems provide--those that
         | could contribute to the creation of the full realization and
         | expression of individual potential--I think is sad. And I think
         | that's what you're kind of identifying.
        
         | herodoturtle wrote:
         | > My class valedictorian went on to become a doctor and while
         | that is certainly impressive to me, there are many doctors and
         | he practices (like almost every other doctor) and isn't pushing
         | the boundaries of medical science.
         | 
         | You seem like someone who thinks things through, so I suspect
         | you'll know what I'm about to say, but given the sentiment of
         | your comment, I think it's worth explicitly sharing this:
         | 
         | The fact that your class valedictorian went on to be a doctor
         | is great. Not everyone needs to push the boundaries. Your
         | classmate may end up saving/helping countless lives.
        
           | silvestrov wrote:
           | He isn't saying that being a doctor isn't great.
           | 
           | He is saying that the people who add _most_ value to science
           | isn 't always the ones who are at the top of the hierarchy in
           | the school system.
           | 
           | Performing well in school is like a F1 racing car: very fast,
           | but can only go on paths very well trodden already, i.e.
           | paved road.
        
             | herodoturtle wrote:
             | Please excuse my misinterpreting OP's comment, and thank
             | you for clarifying.
        
         | ken47 wrote:
         | You're absolutely right. The education system was meant to be a
         | factory of production line workers, at the cost of missing out
         | on geniuses who don't care about other subjects.
         | 
         | This system is meant for a worker that no longer exists. If
         | someone wants to specialize at the age of 13 and has shown
         | reasonable aptitude in that subject, then let them do it. Sure,
         | give them a well rounded education, but don't weight those
         | grades anywhere close to equally.
        
         | de_elusive wrote:
         | School is for training good test-takers, not finding geniuses.
        
         | dspillett wrote:
         | _> My class valedictorian went on to become a doctor and while
         | that is certainly impressive to me, there are many doctors and
         | he practices (like almost every other doctor) and isn't pushing
         | the boundaries of medical science._
         | 
         | I think in this example you are vastly overestimating the
         | "average genius", in comparison to those rare few who truly
         | push the boundaries. We tend to do this because of the way our
         | brains estimate things of significant scale, like the fact that
         | keeps floating around social media about how bad most of us are
         | at having a concept of the difference between thousands,
         | millions, and billions.
         | 
         | There are many valedictorians (of the order of some per
         | thousand) but few Ramanujans (of the order of tens per
         | billion?), and gearing an overall education system specifically
         | for those few could do a disservice to a great many others at
         | every level below. Ramanujan was not the result of an effective
         | education system anyway: like a lot of other world changing
         | minds he was largely self-taught. Perhaps there is room to
         | encourage more investigation to the side of the curriculum a
         | lot more than we currently do, but the problems that stop other
         | "Ramanujan"s, that could so easily have scuppered Ramanujan
         | himself, are usually not caused by the education system but by
         | other societal problems (death & disease, racism, sexism, caste
         | or class biases, etc.) not giving them a chance to explore &
         | self-learn or have useful access to education & other resources
         | at all. Addressing those problems will help a much wider chunk
         | of the population, as well as reducing constraints for the
         | truly exceptional geniuses1 amongst them.
         | 
         | ----
         | 
         | [1] And of course those non-geniuses who luck out and have that
         | one brilliant idea. Their contribution is often vital for
         | progress too, and I'd wager that there are orders of magnitude
         | more of them than there are true geniuses!
        
         | moomin wrote:
         | Honestly I suspect a lot of potentially able people get left by
         | the wayside in our lowest cost educational system. It's
         | particularly tough on neurodiverse people, which one has to
         | suspect included Ramanujan.
        
         | slightwinder wrote:
         | > But what if those just aren't interesting to someone?
         | 
         | That doesn't matter. A student is unable to evaluate the value
         | of unknown subjects and the synergy between subjects. People
         | are often unmotivated to do important things, because we are
         | just lazy s**.
         | 
         | > I wonder how many geniuses we skip on because doing the
         | chores of homework and getting through boring classes is
         | busywork and memorization for the sake of getting an A.
         | 
         | And how many lunatics making wrong decisions did we prevented
         | by forcing them to learn necessary things?
         | 
         | > Meanwhile, hardly anyone actually remembers anything about
         | those topics
         | 
         | They are engraved in your mind. Even when you don't remember
         | every little detail, they still helped you in forming your
         | understanding of the world.
        
         | throw4847285 wrote:
         | There is an Isaiah Berlin essay called The Hedgehog and the
         | Fox. In it he divides artists/philosophers into two categories:
         | foxes and hedgehogs. It is inspired by a fragment of ancient
         | Greek poetry which reads, "the fox knows many things, but the
         | hedgehog knows one great thing." In other words, some great
         | thinkers looked at the world through the lens of one big idea,
         | and others can't be easily reduced.
         | 
         | Two major caveats. The first is that Berlin never wanted the
         | essay to be taken all that seriously. To him, it was an
         | intellectually parlor game. But if TvTropes is any indication,
         | people are addicted to classifying things into simplistic
         | categories, so the fox and hedgehog game took off.
         | 
         | Second, the rest of the essay actually challenges the binary by
         | focusing on Leo Tolstoy, an unimaginably creative thinker and
         | writer who, according to Berlin, was a fox by nature but wanted
         | to be a hedgehog.
         | 
         | Why did I share all of that? Well, without taking the
         | categories too seriously I do think some people are more foxy
         | by nature and others are more hedgehog-esque. I've always
         | thought of myself as a fox (which to be honest, might limit
         | me), and I had no interest in focusing on a single subject in
         | school. At worst, I'm a dilettante who can have a surface level
         | conversation about any intellectual topic at a party. At best,
         | I can muster up a real enthusiasm about trying something
         | entirely new.
         | 
         | I say all this not just because I'm running on 4 hours of
         | sleep, but also because I think foxes get a bad rap. Not
         | everybody should strive to be Ramanujan, because it isn't in
         | everybody's temperament.
        
         | gaoshan wrote:
         | "...they weren't interesting to him". That's how I felt about
         | mathematics. History, literature and language were the areas I
         | was interested in, for example. It seems to me that an
         | individual's strengths aren't necessarily indicative of an all-
         | encompassing genius. Rather, they are often more focused, tied
         | to specific subjects or fields in which that person naturally
         | excels. That's not to say an individual can't have a wide range
         | of strengths.
        
         | amunozo wrote:
         | Exposing students to other subjects is what make them discover
         | what they like. I think the optimal balance would be studying a
         | wide number of subjects, but being able to select for an even
         | larger set.
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | > every extraordinary person [was] 1 step away from being
         | forgotten, and got some huge universal break
         | 
         | Being a genius is a phenomenon of the individual, but being
         | able to pursue one's talent is a social aspect of the
         | phenomenon of civilisation.
        
         | MisterBastahrd wrote:
         | Meanwhile, I'd be working a backhoe in the middle of nowhere
         | Louisiana if someone hadn't put books in my hands and forced me
         | to read them under penalty of failure. Standards aren't
         | standards because they're fun. They're standards because you
         | need them to have fully functioning, working societies.
         | 
         | The US political system is currently in a state of utter
         | dysfunction because people have decided that facts "just aren't
         | interesting."
        
         | redbell wrote:
         | > People like R would be lost in the sea of averages because
         | their genius would be kept shut by norms.
         | 
         | I have a family member who scored perfectly in math on the
         | final exam of middle school but failed other subjects so badly
         | that he couldn't advance to high school. What frustrated us
         | even more was that the next year, he achieved a perfect score
         | in math again but still failed overall, leaving him no choice
         | but to drop out of school.
         | 
         | This story has stuck with me for years, highlighting how our
         | education system focuses solely on maintaining an overall
         | average score above a certain threshold without considering how
         | individual subjects are mastered.
         | 
         | I can't help but think that if he had been allowed to pursue
         | mathematics, he might have accomplished something great. It's
         | really disheartening.
        
         | hilux wrote:
         | What better system do you propose to identify and nurture the
         | one-in-a-million genius (the productive genius, not the crazy
         | genius) while also serving tens of thousands of smart strivers,
         | as well as the vast majority of the rest?
         | 
         | I don't think we can or should design a system optimized for
         | that one-in-a-million genius. It would be worse for everyone
         | else, and ultimately for society.
        
       | dyauspitr wrote:
       | Ramanujan's story is very interesting but I would love more
       | Indian mathematicians and scientists to become household names.
       | Mathematicians like Harish Chandra, C. R. Rao, Manjul Bhargava,
       | Narendra Karmakar etc. Physicists like C. V. Raman, Satyendra
       | Nath Bose, Meghnad Saha. Others like Har Gobind Khorana and
       | Venkatraman Ramakrishnan too.
        
         | sulam wrote:
         | Fwiw Chandra, Rao, and Bose are instantly recognizable to me.
         | I'm not a mathematician or physicist and don't know the other
         | folks. That said I am very aware that Indians have made
         | significant contributions to math, physics and I imagine other
         | disciplines.
        
         | profsummergig wrote:
         | When I first encountered the Mahalanobis distance, I thought it
         | sounded strangely Indian. Turned out it was!
        
         | ks2048 wrote:
         | You're right, some Indians don't have the recognition they
         | deserve, but if it makes you feel better, few "western"
         | mathematicians or scientists are household names either.
        
           | esperent wrote:
           | However, pretty much all of the ones who are household names,
           | are western.
           | 
           | Well, at least to western people. Are Indians more familiar
           | with Indian scientists?
        
             | your_challenger wrote:
             | Amoung the people who are interested in science? Yes. But
             | to the general public? No.
             | 
             | I don't think a non STEM guy would know Ramanujan or C V
             | Raman.
        
               | noisy_boy wrote:
               | C V Raman's name is known via school text books; though
               | granted that few would remember it unless they carry on
               | with STEM.
        
             | Lutger wrote:
             | Household names (in the west) are maybe Aristotle, Galileo,
             | Newton and Einstein. If you are lucky. For a lot of people
             | it is just Einstein, that's it.
        
         | xanderlewis wrote:
         | > Satyendra Nath Bose
         | 
         | I imagine most people won't recognise the name. But everyone's
         | heard of a _boson_. So he 's somewhat immortalised -- more than
         | most.
        
         | xanderlewis wrote:
         | I've noticed India seems to be full of ring theorists/algebraic
         | geometers. I wonder if that's actually true and, if so, why.
        
           | nasalspirant wrote:
           | Part of the answer is that research funding in India is
           | predominantly from the public sector, and investments in pure
           | science research have been low for a long time (not that
           | applied sciences are doing much better). Thus many
           | researchers lack the resources for experimental science
           | whereas theoretical study is more accessible.
        
             | xanderlewis wrote:
             | Ah. I was only comparing with other 'pure' disciplines like
             | analysis and topology/geometry, but I guess these are still
             | more strongly connected to applied things.
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | This is entirely the fault of the Indian Education System and
         | Popular Media. The current generation knows almost nothing
         | about these Indian Greats.
         | 
         | In order to rectify the status quo;
         | 
         | 1) Everybody should get the monthly magazine _Science Reporter_
         | published by National Institute of Science Communication and
         | Policy Research (NIScPR), Council of Scientific and Industrial
         | Research (CSIR), New Delhi, India. which gives a overview into
         | Indian Science - https://sciencereporter.niscpr.res.in/
         | 
         | 2) The two-volume _The Mind of an Engineer by Purnendu Ghosh et
         | al._ published by Springer contains essays from many of our
         | recent Scientists /Researchers/Engineers etc. -
         | https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-0119-2
         | 
         | 3) Books on Indian Science/Scientists by various authors are
         | available on Amazon India and are worth getting.
         | 
         | 4) Also see the books by the great astrophysicist/cosmologist
         | Jayant Narlikar
         | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jayant_Narlikar), specifically;
         | _The Scientific Edge: The Indian Scientist From Vedic To Modern
         | Times._ - https://www.penguin.co.in/book/the-scientific-edge/
         | and _Science and Mathematics: From Primitive to Modern Times_ -
         | https://www.routledge.com/Science-and-Mathematics-From-Primi...
        
           | kadal wrote:
           | To this excellent list, I would humbly add Bhavana:
           | https://bhavana.org.in/
        
             | rramadass wrote:
             | Great; I didn't know of this Mathematics magazine.
        
             | rramadass wrote:
             | Two More;
             | 
             | a) Resonance : Journal of Science Education published by
             | Indian Academy of Sciences - https://www.ias.ac.in/Journals
             | /Resonance_Journal_of_Science_...
             | 
             | b) Science India magazine published by Vijnana Bharati-
             | https://scienceindiamag.in/
        
         | billfruit wrote:
         | Physicists like Subrahmanyam Chandrashekhar and George
         | Sudarshan. Also Mahalanobis for statistics.
         | 
         | And Mani Chandy for computer science.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | Chandras(h?)ekhar is already there, at least if you're the
           | kind of nerd who knows about physics at all. Probably even
           | more so than Ramanujan, but that could just be my science
           | bias as a kid.
        
         | chompychop wrote:
         | Manjul Bhargava is not Indian.
        
           | dyauspitr wrote:
           | You're right, I can't edit my comment anymore though.
        
         | the-mitr wrote:
         | Universities press in India had bought out a series of books by
         | G Venkataraman called Vignettes in Physics it also had books on
         | Saha, Bhabha, Bose, Chandra and Raman.
         | https://universitiespress.com/books?id=0&sid=161
         | 
         | National Book Trust also has several books on Indian
         | scientists.
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | What about Madhava of Sangamagrama[1], who (among other things)
         | described various Taylor expansions for trigonometric functions
         | (including an estimate of the error term) in the 14th century?
         | (ie 300 years before James Gregory discovered the method for
         | the Taylor expansion in the West).
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madhava_of_Sangamagrama
        
       | profsummergig wrote:
       | In the Ramanujan story, a true MVP is G.H. Hardy. He read letters
       | from some random unknown guy (a savage "native" no less!) half
       | the world away, and took them seriously. And then organized
       | resources to have that guy travel to England. A true MVP. All the
       | others Ramanujan wrote to ignored him (understandably so). Such a
       | tragedy that he died so young.
        
         | paulddraper wrote:
         | If it had not been for Hardy, we would know a fraction of what
         | R did.
        
         | kumarm wrote:
         | If you want to understand how human potential was wasted in old
         | world, Ramanujan belongs to a caste in India that is only caste
         | that is supposed to be educated (Representing probably < 5% of
         | population) in those days.
         | 
         | Ramanujan short life itself is a loss to the world, Imagine how
         | many Ramanujan's were ignored where there is no G.H. Hardy and
         | what about Ramanujans in the other 95%?
        
           | maeil wrote:
           | In the New World, the Ramanujans' lives are spent optimizing
           | high-frequency trading, ads or video recommendation
           | algorithms. This is arguably even worse for society than them
           | not being discovered altogethrt.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Arguably. Assuming that's actually where they end up, they
             | earn lots of money and they get to choose what they want to
             | do with it. We should force them to be mathematicians if
             | they didn't want to be?
             | 
             | The other version in the West is he moves to rural Montana
             | and sends bombs through the mail.
        
               | ImHereToVote wrote:
               | Those bombs might have done more good than his potential
               | math career. Considering we just had our first AI
               | millionaire. Perhaps there is hope for humanity to wake
               | up.
        
               | sealeck wrote:
               | > The other version in the West is he moves to rural
               | Montana and sends bombs through the mail.
               | 
               | There might be a middle ground between the two?
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | I think they're talking about specifically the Unabomber,
               | who was known to be a math genius too.
        
               | sealeck wrote:
               | I'm aware of that.
        
               | mandmandam wrote:
               | > Assuming that's actually where they end up, they earn
               | lots of money and they get to choose what they want to do
               | with it. We should force them to be mathematicians if
               | they didn't want to be?
               | 
               | I think that if you tried you could imagine a world where
               | Ramanujans are both supported and respected with nice
               | lives, while _also_ contributing to the future of the
               | species rather than helping dig our own grave.
               | 
               | > The other version in the West is he moves to rural
               | Montana and sends bombs through the mail.
               | 
               | Why in the world would those be the only two options??
               | What a profoundly strange thing to say.
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | People like Ramanujan are on a different planet compared to
             | your everyday PhD working stiffs. There's smart (PhD),
             | there's genius (Einstein, Feynman, von Neumann), and then
             | there are freaks of nature like Ramanujan.
        
               | Der_Einzige wrote:
               | I'm an atheist, but why not take Ramanujan at his word
               | when he says that god(s) gives him his equations?
               | 
               | I for one would ask him what we could do to make it
               | easier for him to listen to the voice of god(s) rather
               | than say "well akshually..."
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Well, he's dead, so there's that ...
               | 
               | I'm not sure there's much you can do to help someone at
               | this level, other than perhaps take away outside
               | distractions.
               | 
               | It's not remotely clear how Ramanujan's mind worked, or
               | whether he really knew himself. He seems to have been a
               | lot more highly functioning than an idiot savant, but
               | still operating at a level that is hard to comprehend.
               | Was this an expression of humility or devotion by
               | Ramanujan, or was he just expressing his own lack of
               | understanding of how his mind worked?
        
               | regularfry wrote:
               | There's a parallel there to Feynman, if you squint a bit.
               | He seems to have been synaesthetic in a way that let him
               | use the sensory part of his brain as a maths coprocessor,
               | and he didn't understand it himself.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | Feymann seems more understandable. He wanted to
               | understand everything from first principles and derive it
               | all himself, and spent a lifetime doing so, building
               | himself up. He developed a huge repertoire of insights
               | and mathematical tricks/approaches that could be brought
               | to bear on whatever he put his mind to... It seems like
               | he trained his mind to become what it was. The end result
               | was of course incredible, and he would instantly or
               | within hours see solutions to problems that colleagues
               | had been stuck on for months.
               | 
               | Feynmann, like von Neumann, also seems more
               | approachable/understandable in that he wasn't just
               | operating at genius level, but was also a regular fun
               | loving guy (strip clubs, bongo drums, safe hacking and
               | all). Von Neumann and some of his Hungarian peers were
               | famously referred to as "The Martians", but it's really
               | Ramanujan who seems like the alien.
        
               | mangodrunk wrote:
               | Ramanujan is obviously very gifted and was able to do
               | exceptionally well given his circumstances, but to put
               | him higher than those that you listed is wrong to me.
               | There are many more mathematicians who solved problems
               | that have more impact and those that started new branches
               | of math. Ramanujan is overrated in my opinion.
        
               | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
               | I couldn't comment on the impact of his work, which
               | anyways is evidentially still unfolding, but the WAY he
               | seems to have worked is just bizarre - coming up with
               | these deep baffling series formulae offered without
               | proof. His mind seems to have worked in an extraordinary
               | way.
        
               | n4r9 wrote:
               | It's true that the unconscious way he came about his
               | theorems puts him in a different category to other famous
               | names. But I wouldn't rank him as highly as Von Neumann.
               | That man made groundbreaking results in the foundations
               | of mathematics, pure and applied mathematics, early
               | computer science, quantum mechanics, economics, and more.
               | I think Von Neumann might arguably be the most
               | significant genius of the 20th Century, paralleled in
               | history only perhaps by the likes of Newton and Leibniz.
               | 
               | Einstein made a few extremely valuable insights in
               | theoretical physics, but I'd say the sheer breadth of
               | comparable work that Von Neumann did across multiple
               | fields makes him more outstanding.
        
               | mangodrunk wrote:
               | He studied very hard and was exceptionally gifted, it
               | wasn't a mystery.
        
           | elgenie wrote:
           | Ramanujan himself survived childhood smallpox and died at
           | just 32 from what's thought to be complications from an
           | earlier bout with dysentery. But he had lucked out in that he
           | was born male in an urban setting in a high caste, with
           | access to education, textbooks, and the language of the
           | imperial core, and managed to make it to adulthood at all.
           | 
           | "I am, somehow, less interested in the weight and
           | convolutions of Einstein's brain than in the near certainty
           | that people of equal talent have lived and died in cotton
           | fields and sweatshops." ~ Stephen Jay Gould
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | If we individual makeup was so irrelevant we wouldn't have
             | just had me Ramanujan so far. Although I agree that
             | Einstein is probably very unremarkable and was mostly the
             | right (genius) person in the right place at the right time
             | in history of science to marry together things other people
             | figured out and sprinkle some unique framing onto that.
        
               | BobaFloutist wrote:
               | It's not that individual makeup is so irrelevant, it's
               | that if we assume (potential) Einsteins and Ramanujans
               | follow a normal distribution (or really any random
               | distribution), then the fact that so many people in the
               | world live in situations where any genius will simply
               | never be noticed means we are necessarily missing out on
               | the vast majority of them.
        
           | uncharted9 wrote:
           | This is such a common and dangerous rhetoric, which has been
           | repeated millions of times in India today, that people are
           | willing to believe that one community has wickedly tried to
           | subjugate everyone by denying them the right to education.
           | But this is completely false. The early government records of
           | British India themselves attempt to record detailed
           | demographic records of the communities that studied in the
           | early 'modern' schools. And no, the Brahmins didn't have a
           | monopoly.
           | 
           | This is similar to another popular narrative that no girl
           | received an education until some sympathetic Englishman in
           | partnership with a local woman allowed girls to go to school.
           | What a load of BS.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | This is why education and opportunities should be available
           | for all, regardless of social / economic status. I reaped the
           | benefits from that in the Netherlands where the government
           | paid for most of my education (bachelor equivalent) and
           | consequent professional life (white collar / middle class),
           | instead of staying in my parents' / ancestors' "class" (blue
           | collar / working class).
           | 
           | But people in the upper classes don't like that, so they're
           | telling working class people that people even worse off are
           | after their jobs.
        
           | ykrishnan wrote:
           | > ...only caste that is supposed to be educated...
           | 
           | Tall claim.
        
             | 1024core wrote:
             | People in the West love to attribute everything in India to
             | caste.
        
           | gen_greyface wrote:
           | caste system in india is an evil that persists even today,
           | and is a complex topic. majority of the indian-origin users
           | on hackernews or people in the IT community are very likely
           | upper castes. see [1] If you are interested to learn more
           | about the caste system in india it is recommended to get your
           | facts from multiple sources. start from [2]
           | 
           | [1] https://www.hup.harvard.edu/books/9780674987883 [2]
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste_system_in_India
        
           | btree_001 wrote:
           | > only caste that is supposed to be educated
           | 
           | Not True.
           | 
           | The book [1] documents evidences from the revenue records of
           | the early British Administration in India on the state of
           | education in the late 1700s through the 1800s up until the
           | early 1900s. These records show that India had a well
           | established grassroots education system at the village level,
           | with access to children from all walks of the society
           | including female students. The subjects taught included -
           | Grammar, Lexicology, Poetry, Drama & Religious History,
           | Rhetoric, Mathematics, Astronomy and Astrology, Logic, Law,
           | Medical texts etc., As per the records and communication from
           | the administrators, almost all villages had access to such
           | schools.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17931651-the-
           | beautiful-t...
        
             | hackernewds wrote:
             | Not to mention Ramanujan grew up in a colonial British era,
             | and to attribute his genius and success (instead of the
             | oppression and difficulties) him and his environment
             | struggled with due to British colonialism is utterly rich!
             | 
             | Ramanujan succeeded in spite of it, not because of the
             | favors of the British. Imagine how many Ramanujans were
             | ignored due to 200 years of British colonial rule in India,
             | wherein caste system developed and thrived*
        
             | gen_greyface wrote:
             | The cited book has no information on how the surveys
             | themselves were conducted. The book is an overall
             | romanticization of pre-colonial india, and frequently
             | indulges in nostalgia.
             | 
             | The following books have a good overview of education&caste
             | in india.
             | 
             | A. L. Basham, The Wonder That Was India
             | 
             | Gail Omvedt, Understanding Caste
        
               | cscurmudgeon wrote:
               | Do these books fix the day issue? How do they do it?
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | Agreed. It is interesting to contrast G.H.Hardy's treatment of
         | Ramanujan (nurturing) with Arthur Eddington's treatment of
         | Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar (petty and back-stabbing) decades
         | later. A discussion with lots of links can be found at
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41284239
        
         | non_low_key wrote:
         | What do you mean by savage "native" here ? He is coming from a
         | culture of long and rich intellectual history.
        
           | uncharted9 wrote:
           | I think he was referring to the way colonizers commonly
           | referred to the subjects of their colonies pejoratively as
           | "savage natives". This applies to Native Americans, Africans,
           | South Asians, etc. Racism was the norm in the old days.
        
         | rq1 wrote:
         | What a kind heart!
        
         | shombaboor wrote:
         | exposure and opportunity means so much in professional life.
         | There's a lot of value out there but someone has to find and
         | promote it.
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | The stories of mathematicians like Srinivasa Ramanujan, who
       | claimed to have derived complex partitions and identities in
       | dreams, have always captivated me. It's as if their minds were
       | tapping into some hidden reservoir of knowledge. I'm curious what
       | drives these intuitive leaps. Was Ramanujan's brain quietly
       | processing patterns during sleep, leveraging its default mode
       | network in ways we're still struggling to understand? Or was it
       | something more fundamental - an emergent property of complex
       | neural networks, perhaps, or even a glimpse into Jung's
       | collective unconscious?
       | 
       | I'm curious to hear how others think about this phenomenon. Do
       | recent advances in neuroscience, AI, or cognitive psychology
       | offer any clues about how innovators like Ramanujan access these
       | hidden sources of insight? Or are we still stuck in the realm of
       | "genius is mysterious"?
        
         | yas_hmaheshwari wrote:
         | I am also intrigued by this question: What was different for
         | guys like Ramanujan, and how were they able to tap in to this
         | hidden reservoir of knowledge. And how can we replicate it
         | 
         | One guy able to tap into this knowledge in dreams is an
         | indication that it is possible. Now, how do we make this the
         | default for everyone is the question I wonder about
         | 
         | The way we found one variant of wheat in Mexico that was
         | resistant to bacteria, and replicate that to the whole world --
         | can we do something like that for humans ( even I don't like
         | the sound of it, but I hope you get the feeling )
        
           | profsummergig wrote:
           | > The way we found one variant of wheat in Mexico that was
           | resistant to bacteria, and replicate that to the whole world
           | 
           | Great analogy.
           | 
           | Borlaug's famous Mexican dwarves.
        
             | gurjeet wrote:
             | > > ... found one variant of wheat in Mexico ...
             | 
             | According to the Wikipedia page of Norman Borlaug, he
             | _developed_ that variety of wheat.
        
           | wruza wrote:
           | _how do we make this the default for everyone is the question
           | I wonder about_
           | 
           | You delete stupid prejudices from society, then it allows
           | itself to do that. One group of people forcibly practicing it
           | for idiotic reasons now plagued the whole field with its
           | label, amplified by religious ideas. The irony is, it's that
           | same limitation that disallows to address itself and
           | continues to propagate.
        
           | fwip wrote:
           | We all already do solve problems in our dreams. Even if you
           | haven't awoken with a Eureka, surely you've occasionally
           | found that something that was difficult to solve yesterday is
           | obvious with a pair of fresh eyes.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | As the article mentions ,we was familiar with the literature.
         | He communicated with other mathematicians, read papers, and
         | submitted in journals while in India. he was not some hermit in
         | a cave or something. I think this claim that he just dreamed
         | the results part of mythology that has been built around him.
         | From what I read, he he did a lot of the grunt work deriving
         | these formulas but only published the final results, so it only
         | appears that he conjured them out of nothing. It's not like he
         | could have sent Hardy a book-sized letter of all the steps to
         | derive those results.
        
           | mangodrunk wrote:
           | This myth of him just coming up with results without all the
           | hard studying he did is often repeated. His results are made
           | to be seen as impossibly hard and his impact is overstated.
           | Galois solved a problem that was open for 350 years, he made
           | significant contributions to new branches of math and he died
           | at 20. I don't like the whole ranking thing, but with all the
           | myths surrounding Ramanujan I feel compelled to say Ramanujan
           | is overrated and Galois is by far the more gifted and
           | accomplished to just name one person.
        
         | Tier3r wrote:
         | Starting from the basics, Ramanujan was known to spend huge
         | amounts of time in the library pouring over mathematical texts.
         | He was also personally and spiritually obsessed with
         | mathematics, thinking it was an expression of divinity. So its
         | quite probable a significant chunk of his memories were already
         | mathematical and random accesses to it were the same.
        
           | danielmarkbruce wrote:
           | This is the thing. You think about something with compulsion
           | for long enough, it shows up in your dreams.
        
             | Lutger wrote:
             | People are impressed by the seemingly spontaneous origin of
             | genius ideas, but forget all the analytical labor that went
             | into preparing the mind for conceiving such thoughts.
             | Genius doesn't come out of nowhere. The 'stroke of the
             | genius' required a lot of hard work and experience.
             | 
             | And, it works the same with us 'normal' people, even though
             | the results are less spectacular. Want to have a good idea?
             | You need to feed your brain everything you can and obsess
             | over it, then let it stew for a bit. Again, and again. Only
             | then do you stand a chance for a really good idea to just
             | pop out.
        
           | pixelpoet wrote:
           | Please forgive, it's *poring
        
         | chandureddyvari wrote:
         | There's a relevant quote from Swami Vivekananda on this
         | 
         | From Karma Yoga, Chapter: I, Karma in its effect on character--
         | 
         | What we say a man "knows", should, in strict psychological
         | language, be what he "discovers" or "unveils"; what a man
         | "learns" is really what he "discovers", by taking the cover off
         | his own soul, which is a mine of infinite knowledge.
         | 
         | We say Newton discovered gravitation. Was it sitting anywhere
         | in a corner waiting for him? It was in his own mind; the time
         | came and he found it out. All knowledge that the world has ever
         | received comes from the mind; the infinite library of the
         | universe is in your own mind. The external world is simply the
         | suggestion, the occasion, which sets you to study your own
         | mind, but the object of your study is always your own mind. The
         | falling of an apple gave the suggestion to Newton, and he
         | studied his own mind. He rearranged all the previous links of
         | thought in his mind and discovered a new link among them, which
         | we call the law of gravitation. It was not in the apple nor in
         | anything in the centre of the earth.
         | 
         | Whenever I read about Ramanujan having divine revealing
         | formulas in his dreams, I remember Swami Vivekananda's quoute
         | on consciousness and mind.
         | 
         | edit: found another relevant quote from Upanishads on tapping
         | the infinite knowledge:
         | 
         | Mundaka Upanishad 2.2.9:
         | 
         | "Esa sarvesu bhutesu gudhatmana prakasate, drsyate tvagryaya
         | buddhya suksmaya suksmadarsibhih"
         | 
         | Translation: "The Self hidden in all beings does not shine
         | forth, but it is seen by subtle seers through their one-pointed
         | and subtle intellect."
         | 
         | Explanation: The ultimate knowledge or truth is hidden within
         | all beings and is revealed through subtle inner perception. The
         | idea is knowledge is latent within the mind, and it is
         | discovered, not externally found.
        
           | sss111 wrote:
           | That's beautiful, thanks for sharing. I've seen that
           | firsthand growing up. It's like when you hear a song as a
           | kid, and it just sounds cool. But then, later in life, you
           | hear the same song, and it hits you on a whole different
           | level--like the meaning was always there, but you had to live
           | through stuff to really get it.
        
             | hshshshshsh wrote:
             | The master appears when the student is ready.
        
           | dsubburam wrote:
           | > Translation: "The Self hidden in all beings does not shine
           | forth, but it is seen by subtle seers through their one-
           | pointed and subtle intellect."
           | 
           | That doesn't look sound to me. If the "seers" are seeing "The
           | Self", are they beyond and separate from "The Self"? If they
           | do so with their "subtle intellect", is that intellect
           | outside of "The Self"?
           | 
           | If affirmative, then "The Self" is something external to the
           | seer, making the term a misnomer. And furthermore, there is
           | something outside of The Self (that which is seeing The
           | Self), which remains to be explicated.
        
             | chandureddyvari wrote:
             | I'll try to slightly dive into Advaita philosophy here.
             | Both the Upanishads and the Yoga Vasistha affirm that the
             | distinction between the seer and the Self is an illusion
             | created by the mind. When this illusion is dispelled, the
             | oneness of the Self is realized. The intellect, which seems
             | to function as a separate tool, is ultimately part of the
             | same illusion. True knowledge is realizing that there is no
             | separation--everything is the Self.
             | 
             | Quoting one from Katha Upanishad 1.3.10:
             | 
             | "Indriyebhyah para hy artha, arthebhyas ca param manah,
             | manasas tu para buddhir buddher atma mahan parah"
             | 
             | Translation: "Beyond the senses are the objects, beyond the
             | objects is the mind, beyond the mind is the intellect,
             | beyond the intellect is the Self."
             | 
             | This quote emphasizes that the intellect is still a part of
             | the illusion. Beyond even the intellect lies the Self,
             | which is one and undivided.
        
           | hshshshshsh wrote:
           | Stupid question but why didn't Newton come up with Relativity
           | instead?
        
             | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
             | Likely because it's far more complicated than Newtonian
             | gravity and he wouldn't have been aware of the shortcomings
             | of his theory e.g. Mercury's orbit. Also, the study of
             | light was only just beginning in Newton's era - Ole Romer's
             | measurement of the speed of light was in 1676, but
             | Maxwell's theories didn't come out until 1865.
        
           | wruza wrote:
           | Not sure I follow the explanation. And apologies cause I'm
           | not that familiar with these texts, but afaik it talks about
           | "soul" here, not information? Words like Brahman, Atman come
           | to mind.
           | 
           | In case I mistook it, ignore the above.
           | 
           |  _All knowledge that the world has ever received comes from
           | the mind_
           | 
           | Doesn't it come from the mind's interaction with the world? I
           | don't think that any important knowledge comes from doing
           | nothing (apart from psychology due to its nature). It all
           | sounds like a typical religious salad, tbh. "You" discover
           | from your "mind", but then some seers understand that "you"
           | and "all" and "mind" are the same, etc. Well, you don't have
           | to be a seer to see it. "You discover from your mind" is a
           | useless semantic loop that creates all this unnecessary
           | complexity, imo.
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | If you spend an enormous amount of time (like, too much)
         | working on a single piece of software, you'll come up with
         | solutions in your dreams and wake up and write them down. It's
         | not _that_ rare. Now... the solutions might be for loops so I
         | 'm not comparing such situations to Ramanujan, but it's not
         | some extremely rare phenomenon.
        
         | karel-3d wrote:
         | As others say - just study a lot of math. You will not be
         | Ramanujan, but you will be better at math.
         | 
         | That's not to say there isn't something spiritual and mystical
         | in knowledge. I think the fact that he was from a different
         | background gave him a different perspective. But yeah you
         | cannot skip all the math studying.
        
         | abhaynayar wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_based_on_dreams
        
           | IAmGraydon wrote:
           | That's a very interesting article. Thank you!
        
         | bombastry wrote:
         | The recent book _Mathematica_ by David Bessis attempts to
         | describe this exact topic. One core theme of the book is that
         | math is done by building mental models and using our intuitions
         | that come from. Formalism is then used to shape and refine
         | these models. By spending time developing these models,
         | insights eventually become obvious. These mental models are the
         | essence of mathematics, not theorems. The author explicitly
         | uses neural networks as an example to describe how this
         | negative feedback could work to make these changes to our
         | mental models happen in our brains.
         | 
         | The core premise of the book is to describe how mathematicians
         | work and think and to show that this is a process that everyone
         | can do (although some will be better at it than others). It
         | includes interesting accounts of Grothendieck, Bill Thurston,
         | and Descartes as well as from the author's own research career
         | at Yale and Ecole normale superieure. The book is targeted at
         | the general reader and at times reads a little like a self-help
         | book, especially in the first third or so. However, I found it
         | to be an enjoyable and fascinating read. It provoked a lot of
         | interesting questions about the nature of learning and provided
         | a framework to begin to answer them (e.g. "How can I have
         | proved something and yet feel no understanding of it?", "How
         | can some people solve problems orders of magnitude faster than
         | other smart people, as if they don't even have to think about
         | it?", "Why do I sometimes watch a presentation on a new topic,
         | follow every step, and come away feeling like I've learned
         | nothing?"(* see except below)). I don't think I'm doing it
         | justice here, so I'll stop by saying I highly recommend it
         | based on your comment.
         | 
         | _______
         | 
         | * I'll use this as an excuse to provide a related excerpt
         | featuring Fields Medalist and Abel Prize winner Jean-Pierre
         | Serre:
         | 
         |  _One day, I had to give a lecture at the Chevalley Seminar, a
         | group theory seminar in Paris. I didn 't have substantial new
         | results to announce, but it was an opportunity to make a
         | presentation even simpler than usual. [...] A couple of minutes
         | before the talk was to start, Serre came in and sat in the
         | second row. I was honored to have him in the audience, but I
         | let him know right off that the presentation might not be very
         | interesting to him. It was intended for a general audience and
         | I was going to be explaining very basic things._
         | 
         |  _What I didn 't tell him, of course, was that his presence was
         | intimidating. Still, I didn't want to raise the level of my
         | talk only to keep him interested. I just kept an eye out to see
         | if he'd taken off his glasses, which would mean he was getting
         | bored and had stopped listening. No worries there--he kept his
         | glasses on till the end._
         | 
         |  _I gave my presentation as I would have without him there,
         | speaking to the entire audience, especially the students seated
         | in the back, whom I was pleased to see listening and looking
         | like they understood. It was a normal presentation, fairly
         | successful, not very deep but well prepared, clear, and
         | intelligible. At the end of the seminar, Serre came up to me
         | and said--and here I quote verbatim: "You'll have to explain
         | that to me again, because I didn't understand anything."_
         | 
         |  _That 's a true story, and it plunged me into a state of
         | profound perplexity._
         | 
         |  _Apparently, Serre wasn 't using the verb to understand the
         | way most people use it. The concepts and reasonings of my talk
         | couldn't really have caused him any difficulty. I'm sure he
         | wanted to say that he understood what I had explained, but he
         | hadn't understood why what I had explained was true._
         | 
         |  _There are two levels of understanding. The first level
         | consists of following the reasoning step by step and accepting
         | that it 's correct. Accepting is not the same as understanding.
         | The second level is real understanding. It requires seeing
         | where the reasoning comes from and why it's natural._
         | 
         |  _In thinking again about Serre 's comment, I realized that my
         | presentation had too many "miracles," too many arbitrary
         | choices, too many things that worked without my really knowing
         | why. Serre was right; it was incomprehensible. His feedback
         | helped me become aware of a number of very big holes in my
         | understanding of the objects and situations I was working on at
         | the time. In the years that followed, research into
         | explanations for these various miracles allowed me to fill in
         | some of the holes and achieve some of the most important
         | results of my career. (However, some of the miracles remain
         | unexplained to this day.)_
         | 
         |  _But the most troubling aspect was the abruptness, the
         | frankness with which Serre had overplayed his own
         | incomprehension._
        
           | dharma1 wrote:
           | thanks, will be checking the book!
           | 
           | My intuition is that some people are able to develop
           | abstractions on top of abstractions (compression is a key
           | part of intelligence) that allow them to traverse the search
           | space much, much faster than without these, and with enough
           | repetition this becomes routine, even faster in the brain.
           | 
           | I don't think we have a good theory of how this works, or at
           | least I haven't come across it.
           | 
           | Neural network guided search is somewhat similar but I think
           | we are missing several key pieces
        
       | barcode_feeder wrote:
       | "The statements had been proved 20 years earlier by a little-
       | known English mathematician named L.J. Rogers... Rogers was
       | content to do his research in relative obscurity, play piano,
       | garden and apply his spare time to a variety of other pursuits"
       | 
       | divinely inspiring
        
         | jb1991 wrote:
         | Indeed. Also is the retirement dream for many working software
         | engineers.
        
       | reddit_clone wrote:
       | It boggles my mind what could have been if he had lived to a ripe
       | old age.
        
       | rramadass wrote:
       | For people interested in learning more about Ramanujan and his
       | Works;
       | 
       | 1) _Mathematics Wizard Srinivasa Ramanujan : Some glimpses into
       | his Life and Work_ by two Indian Mathematicians Narendra Kumar
       | Govil and Bhu Dev Sharma is a good biography with an introduction
       | to his Mathematics and links to further resources. Good
       | complement to Robert Kanigel 's book _The Man Who Knew Infinity_.
       | 
       | 2) In order to understand the fascination that Mathematicians
       | have for Ramanujan see this and other lectures by Prof. Ken Ono
       | who credits Ramanujan as his inspiration in becoming a
       | Mathematician; _Why Does Ramanujan, "The Man Who Knew Infinity,"
       | Matter?_ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ynhiZJUMzA
       | 
       | 3) Mathologer on Youtube has good walkthroughs of some of
       | Ramanujan's most famous identities (eg. 1+2+3+... = -1/12) -
       | https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=mathologer+rama...
       | 
       | 4) All of Ramanujan's published papers and unpublished notebooks
       | can be found online at - http://ramanujan.sirinudi.org/
       | 
       | PS: In the submitted article, George Andrews is wearing a
       | Ramanujan tie :-)
        
         | fuzzythinker wrote:
         | I enjoyed the movie on The Man Who Knew Infinity.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Knew_Infinity
        
           | rramadass wrote:
           | Also see some of Ramanujan biographic documentaries on
           | Youtube, specifically;
           | 
           |  _The Man Who Loved Numbers - Srinivasa Ramanujan documentary
           | (1988)_ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PqP2c5xNaTU
           | 
           |  _Srinivasa Ramanujan: The Mathematician and His Legacy
           | (2016)_ - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K5jsgBvJMUc
        
             | fuzzythinker wrote:
             | Thank you! Really enjoyed the 2nd one. Haven't had the time
             | for the 1st one yet.
        
       | gurjeet wrote:
       | dupe of: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41904553
        
       | uptownfunk wrote:
       | Ramanujan responsible for inspiring generations of mathematicians
       | throughout the world. His life was a beautiful tragedy. One that
       | leaves me in awe and also great inner sadness. If you come from a
       | hardcore traditional br*hmin family, just to cross over the ocean
       | by boat would risk you getting excommunicated. The culture which
       | he came from makes the entire story all the more legendary. Just
       | cutting off your topknot and forgoing the dhoti to wear a western
       | suit. We don't understand what he went through and what he gave
       | up to give us his mathematics. What he had to sacrifice to
       | practice his art.. to be.
        
       | utkarsh858 wrote:
       | He attributed his success to his family Goddess, claiming he had
       | dreams of scrolls unfurling theorems against a bloodied wall.
       | 
       | "An equation for me has no meaning, unless it represents a
       | thought of God" - Ramanujan
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | I wish we lived in the multiverse where he didn't die. Imagine
       | what he could have done. Cool article though.
        
         | jb1991 wrote:
         | At least we don't live in the multiverse where he was never
         | discovered and all his work was thrown away.
        
           | gigatexal wrote:
           | True very true.
        
       | monacobolid wrote:
       | > he came up with thousands of elegant and surprising results,
       | often without proof. He was fond of saying that his equations had
       | been bestowed on him by the gods
       | 
       | And somehow this guy is remembered as a 'genius'...
        
         | rammer wrote:
         | Obviously someone's burning
        
         | H4rryp0tt3r wrote:
         | I wish Ramanujan's gods gave him a formula to calculate
         | ignorance of people!
        
       | Alifatisk wrote:
       | There is a movie covering his story, it's incredibly good!
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | When we get to cloning people he's probably the most worthy
       | person to get cloned first. Best chance of getting something
       | usefult from a specific genetic makeup. You'd still probably need
       | to make hundreds of clones to get one anywhere close to his level
       | due to random epigenetics, even if raised in optimal environment
       | but it's the best shot.
        
       | joshuaissac wrote:
       | The article talks about a recent paper[1] by one of the
       | interviewees that uses McMahon partition functions for primality
       | testing. I wonder how its running time of compares to that of the
       | AKS primality test, and something more practical like BPSW.[2]
       | Could it find an application in practical cryptography?
       | 
       | 1. https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.06451v2
       | 
       | 2.
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baillie%E2%80%93PSW_primality_...
        
       | debo_ wrote:
       | > "This is a very weird fact. It's mysterious," said Shashank
       | Kanade of the University of Denver. "I mean, where did the 5 come
       | from?"
       | 
       | This is how I felt in 90% of my theoretical math classes in
       | university.
        
       | sourcepluck wrote:
       | This thread is a good example of one of the perhaps overlooked
       | reasons it can be hard to discuss education in our societies -
       | any attempt at making a general point, or a meta-observation of
       | some kind, quickly gets swallowed in a massive influx of personal
       | anecdotes about things that happened to people during their
       | education.
       | 
       | Maybe there are other topics where the same phemonen exists. I'm
       | not sure if off the top of my head I can think of one where it
       | gets so intense so quickly - long, detailed, emotionally charged
       | anecdotes immediately when school comes up! [I love a good yarn,
       | and am not judging or belittling people for expressing themselves
       | here, I must stress].
       | 
       | I have speculated in my comfy armchair as to why our education
       | structures seem to make venting such a need for people.
       | Anecdotally, there does seem to be a suggestion of some sort of
       | lingering and powerful malaise around the whole thing, in any
       | case.
       | 
       | I wonder if it's like an abusive relationship - the emotional
       | work required to move on and have better relationships (i.e.,
       | different educational structures) gets so large at some stage
       | that all you can focus on is "coping". And you're sort of stuck,
       | and the cycle more or less continues.
       | 
       | EDIT: may I just add - I read that whole article, and am very
       | fond of Ramanujan. He made university much harder for me when I
       | learned about his existence, as my maths classes seemed so far
       | removed from whatever it was he was doing.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | I think it's just because every single person here has at least
         | a decade of personal experience in education. One of the things
         | many people like about HN is that when an article about some
         | obscure subject is posted, there is often someone in the
         | comments with personal experience who can share a story.
         | Education is one of the few subjects where we can all be that
         | person.
        
         | cassepipe wrote:
         | My guess would be it's because it's an experience (most of us)
         | have in common in years full of first times. It's also an
         | experience that took as least as much space in our life than
         | work now does. It's also a place where we had to deal authority
         | and groups. So whenever you make any point about education, if
         | the point you are making seems to negate/go against the grain
         | of my own experience, I will probably tell you :)
         | 
         | (Venting is a need that everyone has when under pressure not
         | sure it has anything to do with our education structures)
        
         | sanj wrote:
         | Parenting.
        
           | dgfitz wrote:
           | This is the long and short of it. Education doesn't replace
           | happy, 2-parent homes.
           | 
           | Edit: or happy, one-parent homes. I just have an inkling it
           | is good for children to see a contrast of parents, not just
           | one parent.
        
         | jmcqk6 wrote:
         | I think there is another force at play here - the assumption
         | that there is a platonic ideal good education system that works
         | at every scale of population.
         | 
         | Attempting to scale something that large forces people into
         | boxes that fit inside the framework - one must necessarily
         | ignore little detailed differences between humans.
         | 
         | But from the perspective of those individual humans, ignoring
         | those little details doesn't really work. Those things are
         | important, and tend to ping our egos, so we react accordingly,
         | and are eager for opportunities to give voice to this
         | frustration.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | There's another potentially missed point. There is no
           | education system, nor any amount of effort which could have
           | granted me the genius of Ramanjuan. He had something I never
           | will. It would be like dream to run faster than Usain Bolt.
        
             | jmcqk6 wrote:
             | On the other hand, it's likely that you have the potential
             | to be really good at something that is totally outside your
             | awareness right now, and having a broad education can be
             | beneficial to expanding your exposure to such possibility.
        
         | ok123456 wrote:
         | Trama mostly.
        
           | sourcepluck wrote:
           | Trauma-drama? :)
        
         | vladimirralev wrote:
         | > massive influx of personal anecdotes
         | 
         | a.k.a. sampling from the distribution of interest. Once you
         | have enough anecdotes, you actually have a representative
         | distribution of the real thing. Selection may be biased but you
         | can weight those data points as you like, it's still good data.
        
           | danmaz74 wrote:
           | Except for the fact that anecdotes aren't a random sample,
           | they're selected because they're interesting.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > as to why our education structures seem to make venting such
         | a need for people. Anecdotally, there does seem to be a
         | suggestion of some sort of lingering and powerful malaise
         | around the whole thing, in any case.
         | 
         | Teaching has not incorporated morality or ethics as strongly as
         | some other professions where the need is more obvious. This is
         | combined with the way teaching "quality" is measured. The
         | result is that your average school teacher often uses tactics
         | and methodologies that border on straight up public bullying of
         | their students in order to "achieve results."
         | 
         | > I wonder if it's like an abusive relationship
         | 
         | Neither the teacher or the student engage in a process which
         | selects each other nor is there any process to manage
         | particularly bad combinations of such. They are assigned to and
         | stuck with each other. The ethical failures in teaching abound.
        
         | hilux wrote:
         | > ... in a massive influx of personal anecdotes ...
         | 
         | Not sure if you're in the US.
         | 
         | Here, ALL non-technical topics, e.g. nutrition, healthcare,
         | immigration are just a few of the big ones, devolve into a
         | discussion of anecdotes and "feelings."
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | I mean everyone on this thread seems to be pointing to the
         | negative. I would like to point out that what we have achieved
         | from a civilization perspective is literally through education
         | and the structures that we have have gotten us this far. It is
         | a broad tool and could be better. However lets not throw the
         | baby out with the bath water because of all these anecdotes. It
         | feels a little like everyone complaining about capitalism for
         | all the woes in the world.
         | 
         | Maybe it's worth a bit of perspective.
        
         | dxbydt wrote:
         | > it can be hard to discuss education in our societies
         | 
         | I found it quite ironical how the whole topic has been hijacked
         | into this side discussion. For the record, Ramanujan is NOT a
         | product of the Indian education system. In fact, that system
         | was quite cruel & off-putting to him. He was a self-taught math
         | prodigy. Apart from the well known 2 big biopics, there are
         | numerous TV soaps telecasted in India in various languages that
         | regularly emphasize this point. He taught himself mostly using
         | Inequalities by GH Hardy, & several other books, all of which
         | are freely available right now at the click of a button. Nobody
         | is stopping anybody from studying math, and education or the
         | lack of it has nothing to do with any of this.
        
           | philiplu wrote:
           | > I found it quite ironical how the whole topic has been
           | hijacked into this side discussion
           | 
           | Indeed. I submitted this post, because I found the article's
           | discussion of the math involved fascinating, along with
           | biographical details of Ramanujan I hadn't heard about
           | before. I'm surprised to see how popular the post is, but
           | also that there's maybe 5 or so posts that engage with the
           | actual mathematics.
           | 
           | I probably shouldn't be surprised - generating functions
           | pointing out unexpected connections between different
           | restricted integer partitions is pretty niche.
        
       | achenet wrote:
       | Mourtada was a professor of mine during undergrad. Really happy
       | to see him in this article ^_^
        
       | steelframe wrote:
       | My education prepared me to make millions of dollars by the time
       | I was in my mid-forties. I learned that if I take every task
       | seriously and strive to do the absolute best I can on that task,
       | no exceptions, regardless of how I personally felt about a
       | subject or an assignment, I would end up being an employee that
       | saw to it that anything I did, I did to the absolute best of my
       | ability.
       | 
       | Not every task ended up being worth doing, but some sure did. And
       | regardless, more important than any one individual tasks, I
       | earned a reputation with management. This in turn resulted in a
       | steady stream of bonuses, stock grants, and promotions. I suppose
       | I was doubly-fortunate to have focused my efforts in the tech
       | industry from the early 90's onward. You have to be really
       | unlucky for nose-to-the-grindstone efforts in FAANG companies to
       | not work out pretty well for you from 2003-ish until today.
       | 
       | With continued good health I can look forward to another 20 or 30
       | years of life, where I get to do whatever I want with my time
       | because I earned so much money being content to conform to
       | whatever my employers required of me. Nobody will remember my
       | name, but that's okay with me, because I won't either.
        
         | racl101 wrote:
         | That's cool!
        
         | uptownfunk wrote:
         | This is like looking at the kids who collect Pokemon cards out
         | of the sheer love of the Pokemon and playing the game compared
         | to the scalpers and "investors" / "speculators". Yes they may
         | end up with a lot of money but they will always lack that
         | sweetness, purity, and wholesome joy that you see when a kid
         | finds and enjoys something.
        
       | runamuck wrote:
       | > Hardy, a mathematical giant in his own right, is said to have
       | quipped that his greatest contribution to mathematics was the
       | discovery of Ramanujan.
       | 
       | I love the Humility and Kindness in Hardy's statement.
        
       | arkj wrote:
       | I don't understand why people praise Ramanuja so much. Why not
       | this praise for Euler or Gauss?
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | I have no idea how you could possibly have picked up the notion
         | that Euler and Gauss are not praised enough. They are literally
         | the top two names when you google "greatest mathematicians all
         | time"
         | 
         | https://i.imgur.com/AzL6hVQ.png
        
         | uptownfunk wrote:
         | There is something cult like, mystic, almost magical about
         | Ramanujan that almost transcends the raw intellectual
         | horsepower (which he certainly had).
        
         | xoxxala wrote:
         | Interesting. My experience with maths education is pretty much
         | limited to watching Numberphile and other YT videos these days,
         | but Euler and Gauss get plenty of praise.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | There is such praise, just not on this post, but what's
         | powerful about the story of Ramanuja is where he came from. The
         | almost-miss that the world would not have his genius, but for a
         | couple of lucky turns, is a powerful driving story about a
         | diamond in the rough. I'm no such a genius, but the idea of
         | being discovered is very alluring; to idly fantasize that I
         | have some gift that could lead me to fame and riches. It's that
         | nice feeling to hold while reading and thinking about his
         | story.
        
       | kwar13 wrote:
       | I cannot recommend reading A Mathematician's Apology enough. It
       | was written by GH Hardy and I think it's one of the best non-math
       | texts out there to understand how a mathematician's brain works.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Mathematician%27s_Apology
       | 
       | Fairly short and beautifully written.
        
       | dharma1 wrote:
       | I often think about Ramanujan in the context of AI, if reasoning
       | is type 2 thinking how did he (apparently) come across a lot of
       | his ideas as intuitions
        
         | chucknthem wrote:
         | I wonder if you can train a neuronetwork to have the kind of
         | intuition Ramanujan had. How incredible would it be for math
         | discoveries. Then separate AIs to try and prove or disprove the
         | insights.
        
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