[HN Gopher] First images from Euclid are in
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       First images from Euclid are in
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 1210 points
       Date   : 2024-10-21 20:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (dlmultimedia.esa.int)
 (TXT) w3m dump (dlmultimedia.esa.int)
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | I wish there was a standardized way to let folks who run a
       | website such as this one know how much a casual passer-by viewer
       | enjoys the byproduct of their work.
        
         | nhumrich wrote:
         | There is. It's called dwell-time
        
           | ur-whale wrote:
           | You might be staying there a long time because you're fuming,
           | so: nope.
        
             | MobiusHorizons wrote:
             | You are of course right that there are lots of potential
             | motivations for spending extra time on the page. But it
             | will likely be interpreted as enjoyment in the absence of
             | other feedback mechanisms.
        
         | miunau wrote:
         | If you're in the EU (particularly Germany, France and Italy,
         | who are the three largest funders), you can let your
         | representatives know you appreciate ESA's work.
        
           | runj__ wrote:
           | Thank you for reminding me! Just sent a couple of emails to
           | my representatives!
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | You used to be able to sign a guestbook
        
         | arlort wrote:
         | Esa has social media accounts, pretty sure some intern will see
         | if you ping them, I don't imagine they get much traffic
        
       | bbor wrote:
       | Really impressive work, thanks for sharing. The video, that is --
       | the astronomy is indistinguishable from magic and thus way beyond
       | the reach of words like "impressive", obviously. I do find it a
       | little funny that physics is in such a jam that "look at more
       | stuff" is an important next step, but godspeed nonetheless.
       | 
       | ETA: For those who love space but are similarly OOTL on the
       | specifics of modern missions: this is from a telescope launched
       | to the L2 point (next to Webb!) last July, and is currently a bit
       | over 1/6th of the way through it's expected lifetime.
       | 
       | Details here:
       | https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid...
       | and obv https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid_%28spacecraft%29
       | 
       | In comparison to Webb, it's focused on ~visible light _surveys_
       | of the medium to far range, whereas Webb was built for ~infrared
       | _investigations_ of very distant objects. It was budgeted around
       | 1 /4th the cost of Webb (and ended up being ~1/20th due to Webb's
       | costs running from $1B to $10B...) See
       | https://www.jameswebbdiscovery.com/other-missions/euclid/euc...
       | 
       | If you're looking for a new wallpaper, it would be hard to beat
       | this 8000x8000 pic it took of the Perseus _galaxy_ cluster,
       | casually depicting 100,000 _galaxies_ :
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid_%28spacecraft%29#/media...
       | The discoverer of galaxies, Kant, would literally weep. We're
       | lucky to live when we do!
        
         | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
         | I agree wholeheartedly with all of your sentiments, but I don't
         | think that Kant discovered galaxies or had much interest in
         | them. That honor goes to Messier or Hubble, I believe.
        
           | not2b wrote:
           | Messier catalogued many objects, some of which were galaxies,
           | but he did not know what they were. It was Hubble who first
           | figured out (in the 1920s) that there were definitely
           | separate galaxies.
           | 
           | https://lco.global/spacebook/galaxies/history-discovery/
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | That's why I love this fun fact so much :) He spent a good
           | deal of his life on natural science before turning to
           | philosophy, not unlike Newton and Liebniz -- he just happened
           | to be way better at philosophy than science. It doesn't help
           | that Newton's plan was alchemy-based, ofc.
           | 
           | Anyway, from Kant's Wikipedia:                 In the
           | Universal Natural History, Kant laid out the nebular
           | hypothesis, in which he deduced that the Solar System had
           | formed from a large cloud of gas, a nebula. Kant also
           | correctly deduced that the Milky Way was a large disk of
           | stars, which he theorized formed from a much larger spinning
           | gas cloud. He further suggested that other distant "nebulae"
           | might be other galaxies. These postulations opened new
           | horizons for astronomy, for the first time extending it
           | beyond the solar system to galactic and intergalactic realms.
           | From then on, Kant turned increasingly to philosophical
           | issues, although he continued to write on the sciences
           | throughout his life
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | > I do find it a little funny that physics is in such a jam
         | that "look at more stuff" is an important next step
         | 
         | Observation is the most basic step of science. By viewing, we
         | can find evidence of theoretical concepts or see something that
         | conflicts those theories so they can be discarded or tweaked.
         | It's not like there are experiments that could be used to test
         | theories, so observing is all there is
        
           | xipho wrote:
           | Life on Earth is the same. If we are to get off Earth, we
           | need to know what life to bring with us. We need to look a
           | lot more, and much more closely at all the evolutionary
           | products out there to make those decisions (if we arrogant
           | humans can indeed even manage the intricacies of such an
           | endeavor).
        
       | bikamonki wrote:
       | So many solar systems out there, life evolved in many planets for
       | sure. No proof but no doubt.
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | We have proof. Us.
        
           | wyldfire wrote:
           | The posit was "life evolved in many planets for sure" but
           | your evidence is "us"?
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | We are a necessary but insufficient part of the proof of
             | life. One cannot say "no proof" when necessary proof has
             | been achieved. All that remains is a second example -- the
             | first took several billion years to achieve self awareness.
             | 
             | Like they say, the first million is the hardest.
        
               | nashashmi wrote:
               | But that is a belief that says it can happen again. It is
               | not a proven belief. And the whole reason we are looking
               | out in space is to prove it.
               | 
               | But I don't think we will find it. Life is special. The
               | earth is special. And all the planets and all the stars
               | and all the solar systems and all the galaxies cannot
               | make something special again. So alas, we are earth. and
               | we are all that is out there. And the rest of the
               | universe is just there for our awe. That is how special
               | we are.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | Life? Probably. Something that has thinking capabilities? Much
         | more doubtful.
        
           | m3kw9 wrote:
           | One proof is that we are thinking, and so are dogs, cats and
           | monkeys to a lesser extent.
        
             | ekianjo wrote:
             | That's Earth. There is no model to say that life always
             | goes on that way. We just have no clue.
        
               | virtue3 wrote:
               | "Astronomer Frank Drake created a formula to estimate the
               | number of extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky
               | Way. Adam Frank and Woodruff Sullivan modified the
               | equation to calculate the odds that Earth was the first
               | intelligent life in the universe. They concluded that the
               | odds of Earth being the first are less than one in 10
               | billion trillion, which suggests that other intelligent
               | species have likely evolved."
               | 
               | 1 in 10 billion trillion is some pretty serious odds.
               | 
               | It does get more complicated if we factor in life
               | happening quickly enough without an extinction event.
               | 
               | But after looking at images like this there is just NO
               | WAY we are the only ones.
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | I don't really doubt that life with human-level (or
               | greater) intelligence has evolved at least a few times.
               | 
               | What I'm more pessimistic about is how long such
               | intelligence might live. How many civilizations reached a
               | point of harnessing nuclear power and then wiped
               | themselves out with nuclear war?
        
               | bigiain wrote:
               | I think even that's perhaps a warped anthropocentric view
               | of intelligence?
               | 
               | Think about other earth-centric scenarios, and try and
               | imagine if dolphins or octopuses or fungus or maybe even
               | insect colonies or plant ecosystems had "won" and become
               | the apex lifeforms on earth instead of humans. I wonder
               | just how different concerns like "civilisations" and
               | "war" and "nuclear power" would have played out in those
               | cases? I wonder if assumptions like "industrial
               | revolutions" and the inevitability of scientific
               | discovery being used in detrimental ways like we have
               | done with nuclear science actually correlate with
               | "intelligence"?
        
               | DubiousPusher wrote:
               | It's not even clear that the ants haven't won.
        
               | bigiain wrote:
               | That 600 times zoom-in on 1% of the eventual survey of
               | 1/3rd of the non milky way sky... Shows a couple of
               | galaxies, which if the milky way is "typical" represent a
               | couple of billion stars.
               | 
               | Suddenly 1 in 10 billion trillion odds doesn't seem so
               | (and I apologise in advance for this) astronomical...
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | Typical galaxies the size of the Milky Way have 100 to
               | 2,000 billion stars and could have as many as ten
               | trillion planets.
               | 
               | That's about 100^5, so one way to think of this is that
               | if you categories these by any four properties
               | (temperature, stability, hydration, day length) then
               | you'd expect about 100 samples for any point in that 4D
               | space.
               | 
               | So even if you believe Earth is unique along four
               | critical metrics, there are about a hundred planets per
               | galaxy that also have those attributes within a
               | percentage point. If you allow some wiggle room then you
               | have tens of thousands or even millions.
               | 
               | We know conditions here on Earth varied significantly
               | more than 1% over billions of years and life survived and
               | even thrived.
        
               | DubiousPusher wrote:
               | But it spent 1.5 billion years trapped in a low energy
               | trap. Only the unusual process that brought proto-
               | mitochondria inside bacteria made it interest. The
               | branches that didn't follow have remained trapped with a
               | severe limit upon their complexity.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | Then use _that_ as one of the four critical parameters.
               | 
               | E.g.: You might believe that _some_ variability in
               | conditions (hot-house Earth, iceball Earth) is required
               | to  "kick start" evolution. Okay, then simply pick out
               | the subset of the parameter space with that amount of
               | variability.
        
               | DubiousPusher wrote:
               | The Drake Equation is a fun idea and all but I think it
               | should go up there with Sagan's Nuclear Winter work as
               | more thought experiment than reality.
               | 
               | It's just too arrogant to think we currently can place
               | odds on all the important events necessary for us or
               | something like us to come into being. At the time this
               | equation was devised, I'm not even sure they understood
               | how crazy lucky the development of mitochondria was.
               | 
               | In reality, we just don't know the many factors that
               | might've affected our outcome. Also, it's just pure
               | lottery falacy to reason about the statics that
               | specifically "we" exist. If the odds for some strange
               | reason settled out around about 1 of there being a single
               | sentient species in our universe, that species would come
               | to reason about itself and produce the same long odds of
               | their existence. It's a longshot that a specific someone
               | wins the lottery twice. It is a statistical inevitability
               | that someone will win twice.
               | 
               | Whoever they are, they can't alienate themselves from
               | being the one despite all the statistical huffing and
               | puffing they can conjure. We will only know how special
               | we are when we find another or once we have surveyed
               | enough planets in depth.
        
               | m3kw9 wrote:
               | The Drake equation has maximum smarts of a human
               | predicting something when they can't physically reach
               | past their moon yet.
        
               | caust1c wrote:
               | I think there's a pretty compelling argument that could
               | be made that matter assembling itself into conscious
               | beings follows pretty naturally from life itself, given a
               | long enough time horizon and assuming the properties of
               | basic elements holds constant throughout the universe
               | which seems pretty likely.
        
               | billti wrote:
               | I'm no physicist/biologist, but I always find it odd when
               | they look for water on other planets to see "if life
               | could exist".
               | 
               | Sure, maybe that's a requirement for the type of life we
               | on earth know about, but I don't see why other elements
               | couldn't have also formed in just the right way to be
               | able to reproduce, and maybe eventually "think".
        
               | DubiousPusher wrote:
               | It's a matter of water being a great place for carbon
               | based chemistry to occur. Why carbon? Because it is so
               | dynamic. It readily forms complex molecules which
               | interact in interesting ways.
               | 
               | Looking at other forms of chemistry we don't see much as
               | naturally varying as carbon. Though I have heard some
               | chemists and biologists hypothesize about sikicon based
               | life. At high temperatures it forms the kinds of dynamic
               | connections that carbon does.
        
               | m3kw9 wrote:
               | I think you fail to see the sheer probability just from
               | the number of galaxies and the timeline itself where life
               | can form and extinguish in even few million years. Every
               | planet in the universe gets various amount of tries over
               | eons
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | And thats just how life on earth happened to iterate in
               | recent terms. For most of the history of life on earth,
               | it was unicellular. It could have just as easily remained
               | a planet of unicellular life for another few billion
               | years if it weren't for a few chance mutations that
               | happened to be slightly more competitive over the
               | background.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | FOH with that solipsistic nonsense
               | 
               |  _Wir mussen wissen. Wir werden wissen._
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | That's hardly proof considering these examples all share a
             | common ancestor. I ask you, can you communicate with a
             | slime mold? Even the slime mold is more similar to
             | ourselves than any potential life we'd find elsewhere, as
             | we share a common ancestor.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | What's so important about "sharing a common ancestor"? It
               | doesn't say anything about the spread of different types
               | of life that could evolve, considering we have a sample
               | size of one, and it also says nothing about how difficult
               | it is for any particular form to evolve intelligence.
        
               | m3kw9 wrote:
               | Knowing physics is roughly same every where in the
               | universe, same rules of biology will apply elsewhere
               | where if conditions meet, maybe earth is one of many
               | conditions that can form life.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Within those rules are a lot of things that can get by
               | under them. Take two points in earths history bound by
               | the same physical laws and life can look dramatically
               | different. You can think of it like how we all use the
               | same microsoft word but that doesn't lead to the same
               | exact book being written independently twice or more
               | often. The amount of permutations to be taken along the
               | way is a countless number probably far larger than the
               | number of habitable star systems in the universe.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | There's no reason to believe that because the physics are
               | the same the biology will be the same. that's a big
               | ungrounded assumption.
        
               | kjkjadksj wrote:
               | Because there are probably an uncountable number of
               | different turns life could have made instead to lead to
               | dramatically different outcomes. Life iterates on itself.
               | Mutations on top of mutations. Mitochondria could have
               | just as easily never been enveloped by our eukaryotic
               | ancestors and life would look a hell of a lot different
               | today.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | Having a high cardinality of permutations doesn't say
               | anything one way or another about the probability of life
               | arising. it's just hand waving.
        
           | deanCommie wrote:
           | I see no reason to doubt.
           | 
           | I think at the scale of the universe life even thinking
           | capabilities life is almost certainly inevitable.
           | 
           | What's not inevitable is that it can thrive, and survive to a
           | galactic scale. That's not even yet certain for us.
           | 
           | Universe is too big, we're all too far apart. Civilizations
           | come, civilizations go. Some may not be on a planet where
           | even rocket travel may be possible - no source of energy
           | dense enough. Some can get wiped out by disasters. Asteroids.
           | It's happened on this planet a bunch of times.
           | 
           | It's like the Birthday paradox. It's likely 2 people have the
           | same birthday. It's not likely that someone else has YOUR
           | birthday.
        
             | bigiain wrote:
             | > What's not inevitable is that it can thrive, and survive
             | to a galactic scale. That's not even yet certain for us.
             | 
             | Sadly, that's looking less and less likely as time goes on.
        
               | deanCommie wrote:
               | See even here there's no reason to be this doomery.
               | 
               | Yes, climate change is a massive problem, and humanity is
               | ignoring it to our own peril.
               | 
               | But peril here means the unnecessary deaths and
               | displacement of hundreds of millions of people - a
               | civilization-defining tragedy no doubt, but ultimately
               | nothing so serious as to cause our extinction.
               | 
               | We have the technology and knowledge to adapt, change
               | course, finally get of fossil fuels, and enter into a new
               | age of sustainable renewable energy.
               | 
               | We're gonna do it too late, and whole ecosystems,
               | species, and far too many humans are all going to perish.
               | Sea life may become extinct.
               | 
               | But at no point is our survival as a SPECIES in question.
        
           | gorgoiler wrote:
           | What is the probability that two raindrops land at the same
           | time?
           | 
           | It is pitch dark. Could one raindrop survive long enough to
           | at least hear the sound of another landing before it
           | disintegrates?
           | 
           | Is the time between the drop striking the plane and the drop
           | smashing apart so short that no drop ever hears another, or
           | even sees evidence that any drop other than itself ever
           | existed?
        
           | rvnx wrote:
           | It depends what you call Life.
           | 
           | If it is a machine that can reproduce itself, growth, collect
           | energy, use energy, do actions based on events, etc, then
           | animals match this profile (perhaps even plants), and also,
           | at some point computer will probably reach that goal.
           | 
           | Despite that, computers won't have a "soul", so where this
           | soul comes from is a big mystery.
           | 
           | I'm not even sure that two humans can prove with certainty
           | that the other ones has a soul, this is still an unsolved
           | problem.
        
             | ChocolateGod wrote:
             | Unless the "soul" or the feeling of self is a property of
             | the universe itself and could apply to computers given
             | enough computer power and "free will".
        
           | colordrops wrote:
           | Trying not to be negative, but statements like this
           | completely disregard the degree of thought and evidence that
           | needs to be accounted for to make a reasonable statement that
           | isn't just pulling an ungrounded opinion out of the air. I
           | mean why exactly is it doubtful? It doesn't seem doubtful to
           | many other very intelligent people, so perhaps you should
           | back it up with a bit of reasoning or evidence.
        
           | bigiain wrote:
           | > Something that has thinking capabilities?
           | 
           | Something that involves "thinking capabilities" in a form we
           | would recognise?
           | 
           | That's always what I consider when someone mentions the Fermi
           | Paradox.
           | 
           | Humans tend to barely recognise "thinking capabilities" in
           | other mammals. There is intriguing evidence that plants
           | "communicate" and "remember", and have been doing so around
           | us for at least as long as mammals have existed with humans
           | barely noticing and usually ignoring or criticising
           | researchers who suggest that perhaps plants may be
           | "thinking".
           | 
           | https://www.botanicalmind.online/podcasts/plant-
           | sentience-a-...
           | 
           | If we don't even recognise "thinking capabilities" in the
           | plants that have been around us for as long as we've been
           | around as a species, what're the chances that we would notice
           | and recognise "conclusive evidence of advanced
           | extraterrestrial life" when we saw it?
        
           | 6stringronin wrote:
           | So you're saying out of the trillions upon trillions of stars
           | that the chances are no life can think but us?
           | 
           | I think the odds are that at least one of them does.
        
             | thomassmith65 wrote:
             | There may be countless other planets with intelligent life
             | right now, but... if it took them millions of years to
             | evolve... and they're millions of lightyears away... we
             | might have to wait millions of years for signals to reach
             | Earth from the eldest civilizations in the closest
             | galaxies.
        
               | spartanatreyu wrote:
               | Why would we have to wait? Why would you assume that
               | they're only sending signals now? Why would you not
               | assume that they had a head start on sending signals
               | before us?
        
               | thomassmith65 wrote:
               | My guess would be that there are millions of other
               | intelligent species out there.
               | 
               | Maybe these species are distributed evenly throughout our
               | 90-billion-lightyear-in-diameter universe.
               | 
               | Maybe half evolved to our current level of sophistication
               | in less time than it took us.
               | 
               | So... what is the minimum duration of time, after the big
               | bang, that some lineage of creatures might take to evolve
               | from sludge into a life form capable of emitting data via
               | radio waves? It cannot happen instantaneously... first
               | conditions need to cool down enough to be amenable.
               | Beyond that, it seems to require a little time for
               | evolution to get to human-like level, it took us 13+
               | billion years.
               | 
               | So given the lack of meaningful signals we have detected
               | so far, Occam's Razor says the nearest intelligent life
               | that currently exists out there is too young and far away
               | for its transmissions to have yet reached Earth.
        
               | recursivecaveat wrote:
               | Earth is 4.5 billion years old, but the milky way is only
               | 105 thousand light years across. So even if you assume an
               | earth like planet couldn't have formed any earlier than
               | ours, other intelligent life in the galaxy only has to go
               | through the geological processes and evolve a tiny tiny
               | fraction of a percent faster to have tons of time to send
               | all the signals they ever want. Nearest other galaxy is
               | only a couple million LYA which ain't too bad either.
        
               | thomassmith65 wrote:
               | My guess, again based on the lack of cosmic signals we
               | have detected, is that intelligent life is rare enough -
               | at this age of the universe, at least - that we have no
               | company yet in the Milky Way. That leaves a lot of room
               | though - there might already be simpler forms of life.
               | 
               | But I won't go to the mat arguing my impression; we only
               | have evidence from one planet to go by, so any view here
               | lacks empirical evidence.
        
               | creativenolo wrote:
               | Given the timescales involved and brevity planetary
               | conditions perhaps life is unlikely to observed nearby a
               | star system.
               | 
               | Perhaps instead it is to be observed in energy preserving
               | vessels (i.e. emit nothing) in transit to the next fuel
               | stop (a planetary system). Perhaps dark matter can be
               | explained by the congested highway of these unobservable
               | vessels.
        
             | mcmoor wrote:
             | We're multiplying a very large number (number of planets)
             | with a very small number (chance of intelligent life). The
             | margin can make the answer go either way.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | Why do you think the chance of intelligent life is a very
               | small number? Considering we know of several million
               | species, the chances are that we are right in the middle
               | of the curve, and can't recognize the vastly more
               | intelligent species the way an ant can't recognize our
               | intelligence.
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | How is the number of known species correlated to the
               | probability of life emerging? As far as we know, life
               | emerged only once on earth, and all species evolved from
               | a single common ancestor.
        
               | colordrops wrote:
               | I'm talking about the chance of _intelligent_ life, not
               | life emerging at all, in response to the comment above.
        
               | lnenad wrote:
               | You are basing the chance of intelligent life number on
               | what? Reality is we have no clue what this number is.
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | Exactly, so we shouldn't say things like "no doubt" when
               | it comes to the question of extra terrestrial life.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | I agree. There is a huge bias in our culture that we imagine
           | a human supremacy. We are the top of the food chain we think.
           | The masters of our world we argue, despite simple bacteria
           | being superior in all environments compared to fragile sickly
           | humans. We not only assume that aliens would think like us,
           | we think they would even look like us with more or less the
           | same body plan. We think they would have the same cultural
           | sensibilites of exploration aboard a ship, of making treaties
           | and even sharing technology. Even in this thread you get
           | pushback from replies and downvotes from people who are
           | almost offended that this would not be the case.
           | 
           | If you ever study evolution on the other hand, you would
           | realize how fantastical these assumptions all are. No, life
           | elsewhere if anything is far more likely to look like how it
           | did for most of the history of life on earth: unicellular.
           | People forget that even multicellularity, let alone an
           | organism with an entire bodyplan, emerged from pure chance,
           | and could have easily been wiped out or outcompeted for
           | resources as soon as it came if it didn't have sufficient
           | fitness. How lucky it was for us that our ancient eukaryotic
           | ancestors enveloped that first mitochondria. How different
           | life would look today if that never happened and we never had
           | such an energy source to actually support these later
           | iterations, considering all life that exists today are
           | directly descended from this single line. How supremely
           | unlikely it all is to tread even close to the same path. How
           | many potential paths are lost along the way and how many
           | paths only emerged as a result of previous paths.
        
         | ants_everywhere wrote:
         | "But where is everybody?" [0]
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_paradox
        
           | SoftTalker wrote:
           | They are all wondering the same thing. Distances are so vast
           | that the overwhelming probablity is that we'll just never
           | notice each other.
        
             | gwd wrote:
             | How long did it take modern humans to completely colonize
             | Earth, such that there are few places you can go on Earth
             | and not meet any humans? Less than 10k years for sure.
             | 
             | If we become a space-faring civilization, how long will it
             | take us to colonize the galaxy, such that there are few
             | places you can go and _not_ find evidence of humans around?
             | Not more than a million years or so.
             | 
             | So if intelligent life -- capable of becoming a space-
             | faring civilization -- is common, why is the galaxy not
             | colonized already?
             | 
             | Kursgesagt has a good video on this:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjtOGPJ0URM
        
               | noisy_boy wrote:
               | > So if intelligent life -- capable of becoming a space-
               | faring civilization -- is common
               | 
               | Maybe it doesn't have to be common; incredibly rare is
               | totally fine when your multiplier is the entire universe.
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | These ideas (just like the "dark forest" concept by Liu
               | Cixin) are based on the fact that every intelligent
               | specie out there is driven exactly by the same instincts
               | as ours. It can be, but you cannot be certain until you
               | meet them. Also, meeting other species might take
               | millions of years, so at every effect we would be safe
               | for a loooong time anyway.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | > how long will it take us to colonize the galaxy
               | 
               | The Milky Way is 100,000 light-years across. So at least
               | that long assuming we can ever attain near-light-speed
               | travel (unlikely). And due to cosmic inflation, many
               | other galaxies are receeding at faster than light speed,
               | so we could never get there.
               | 
               | There could be a lot of intelligent life (as intelligent
               | as us, maybe more so) that can never realistically travel
               | beyond their local star systems, and we'd never notice
               | them.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | Earth has had lifeforms for about 90% of its existence.
               | Earth has existed for 33% of the age of the universe. The
               | time it took organisms from Earth from the earliest
               | lifeforms to discovering space travel amounts to 30% of
               | all time was available in this universe.
               | 
               | Sure, it's easy to imagine someone doing it a million
               | years faster than us. But at the same time it's very
               | likely we are just early to the party.
        
         | shiroiushi wrote:
         | No, there's only one solar system in the entire universe.
         | There's countless _star systems_ though, but only one of those
         | stars is named Sol.
         | 
         | /pedant
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | You can't know that there's only one named sol by the locals.
        
             | Yeul wrote:
             | One day we'll be sued by aliens for trademark infringement.
        
           | WhitneyLand wrote:
           | If that's where we're going I'll try to pedant-raise you.
           | 
           | Assuming the cosmological principle is true and the universe
           | is infinite, wouldn't we be guaranteed an infinite number of
           | Sols? ;)
        
           | patrickmcnamara wrote:
           | Do people actually call the Sun "Sol"? I thought that was
           | more of a video game thing.
        
             | shiroiushi wrote:
             | The Romance languages use that name (or something very
             | closely related). English uses "Sun", but just as it
             | borrows a ton of stuff from Latin/French/etc., it also
             | borrows "Sol" for its word "solar".
             | 
             | Also, Captain Archer in Enterprise used the name Sol when
             | making contact with aliens.
        
               | wongarsu wrote:
               | And in Germanic mythology the personification of the sun
               | is Sol.
               | 
               | In PIE it's sunnon. In some languages that evolved to
               | some variation of sun or son, in some to became sol
               | (notably Latin). And many use both variations in some
               | capacity
        
             | Quekid5 wrote:
             | I can't think of any English-speaking places that do... but
             | you see it used in "solar", for example.
        
             | fimdomeio wrote:
             | If you speak Portuguese or Spanish, yes.
        
             | sph wrote:
             | Latins and medieval scientists did. In Italian we call it
             | "Sole".
        
             | konart wrote:
             | It's Solntse (Solntse) in Russian.
        
           | skibz wrote:
           | We live in what's known as a _planetary system_. Star systems
           | involve only stars.
        
         | dev1ycan wrote:
         | I mean there is a very non 0 chance that Europa (moon) itself
         | has life in it, it might not be more than very basic life, but
         | there is a non zero chance that it does have it.
        
         | beAbU wrote:
         | "No proof but no doubt" is such a great way to put it.
        
         | alok-g wrote:
         | >> No proof but no doubt.
         | 
         | There's still doubt:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation#Range_of_result...
        
           | slekker wrote:
           | What we know about mathematics can't prove or disprove things
           | we simply don't have any idea of. Think as if other beings
           | would live in a different frequency plane (outside of our 3
           | spacial + 1 time), our instruments and theorems can't detect
           | that.
        
             | alok-g wrote:
             | That's right. But it does create doubt.
             | 
             | To prove, we would need to find such life.
             | 
             | To not have doubt, we need to have a reasonably high
             | confidence that such life is there. However, the estimates
             | are so wild and range from very unlikely to no-doubt. Thus,
             | there is doubt (to the best we understand).
        
           | dwayne_dibley wrote:
           | ISn't the doubt simply the 'when' rather than the 'if'?
        
             | alok-g wrote:
             | If you read through the link, the estimation
             | for.probability of finding life elsewhere ranges from
             | practically none to very high. When the former is also
             | a.part of that range, could it not be that we actually do
             | not have life anywhere else? I think it's not a question of
             | when or a 'no doubt' case. We simply do not know enough.
             | 
             | If the calculations were to say there's very high chances
             | of the universe teeming with life at many places, but life
             | is not 'found' yet, then I would say it like 'no proof but
             | no doubt'.
        
       | neom wrote:
       | Some of that zooming in made me feel pretty damn uncomfortable.
       | It really is f'ing massive out there huh. Makes me wonder what
       | this is all about, I'm sure it's something, I wonder what. :)
        
         | geenkeuse wrote:
         | No Man's Sky
        
           | alchemist1e9 wrote:
           | This is down voted as a joke yet it is curious that with each
           | upgrade of resolution we get we just see more and more. I
           | always ponder how if we looked at the universe in terms of
           | approximate processing power for a simulation of it that
           | distances and mass are not so relevant but information is.
           | The complexity of quantum mechanical systems within a single
           | living cell is probably much more complex processing than a
           | star. Anyway No Man's Sky I understand to be a procedurally
           | generated game and not much more than that.
        
         | wayoverthecloud wrote:
         | I think that too. That it's surely meant to be something. But
         | sometimes I think what does "meaning" even mean? Does universe
         | really have any "meaning", the term that humans invented and
         | that even they are unsure of? Then, I think it's a big
         | randomness, a random accident, a big joke, just happening with
         | nothing to make sense of.
        
           | imchillyb wrote:
           | So many rules, laws, and systems for all of this to be
           | random. Seems a waste of good code if everything is random.
           | 
           | Is an ecosystem random? What happens when one outside force
           | is added to an ecosystem? There's plenty of examples around
           | the globe of this.
           | 
           | Life doesn't 'find a way' and balance. The ecosystem is
           | damaged, and often times destroyed by adding a single non-
           | native species. That doesn't seem random does it?
           | 
           | Randomness should have error correction, as it's random.
           | Doesn't seem to though.
        
             | frabjoused wrote:
             | My money is on it just being a playing field for the game
             | of life. A damn good one at that.
        
             | andsoitis wrote:
             | > Randomness should have error correction, as it's random.
             | 
             | Randomness itself doesn't have error correction, but
             | systems that generate or use randomness may have checks to
             | ensure they function correctly. Error correction applies to
             | data or signal integrity, which is a separate concept from
             | pure randomness.
        
             | felizuno wrote:
             | I've been convinced that random is so maximally inclusive
             | that there is no error category. Obviously uniformity is an
             | anti-random condition that would bait the label "error" but
             | I think it's still perfectly random to flip a coin tails 2,
             | 4, 6, 6k times consecutively and the uniformity is simply a
             | shocking instance of random. To your point, I don't think
             | random implies balance though I understand that
             | statistically this is the expected outcome of large set
             | randomness such as ...the universe... (OP)
             | 
             | Many of my thoughts on randomness are seeded by David
             | Deutsch's "Beginning of infinity" which is an interesting
             | read FWTW
        
               | semi-extrinsic wrote:
               | Randomness and probabilities can be incredibly hard to
               | wrap our heads around.
               | 
               | A deck only has 52 cards, but you shuffle it properly,
               | it's essentially guaranteed that nobody in human history
               | has ended up with the same order as you just did.
        
               | grvbck wrote:
               | > A deck only has 52 cards, but you shuffle it properly,
               | it's essentially guaranteed that nobody in human history
               | has ended up with the same order as you just did.
               | 
               | That fact still messes me up every time! Like, I know
               | very well that 52! is a ridiculously huge number. And
               | still, it feels like "but it's just 52 cards, give me an
               | afternoon and I'll do it, how many combinations can there
               | be?"...
        
               | fsagx wrote:
               | 52! even has its own website:
               | 
               | https://czep.net/weblog/52cards.html
        
             | samus wrote:
             | Ecosystems eventually adapt to the newcomers. And it's not
             | like the species already part of the ecosystem wouldn't
             | ever evolve to something detrimental to the whole.
        
             | phito wrote:
             | Ecosystems do adapt. They look broken to us because of our
             | ridiculously small life span.
             | 
             | That's why I dislike framing climate change actions as
             | "saving the planet". The planet will be just fine. We
             | won't.
        
               | caf wrote:
               | You could think of it in the sense of "saving money" - if
               | you're a notorious spendthrift, the money hasn't actually
               | disappeared, but it's of no use to you anymore.
        
               | shiroiushi wrote:
               | "The planet" is really just a ball of mostly iron and
               | silicates. Of course it'll be fine no matter what. What's
               | important is what's on the surface, namely lifeforms and
               | the biosphere. They're what make this orb so special.
               | Climate change will harm humans, sure, but not just us:
               | it'll harm many other species too, ones which can't adapt
               | fast enough.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | It's happened before, life will prevail and eventually
               | thrive again in some other format. I think fully
               | eradicating life from earth will be quite difficult even
               | if we tried. Perhaps when we get swallowed by our sun or
               | some similar event.
        
               | shiroiushi wrote:
               | Climate change, even in the worst case, won't come
               | remotely close to eradicating all life. It won't even
               | eradicate humans (though it'll suck for people living on
               | the coasts or in Florida). Even the very worst imaginable
               | catastrophe wouldn't eliminate the various single-celled
               | organisms and extremophiles.
               | 
               | But there are a lot of larger species that are at risk.
               | Maybe I'm just species-ist, but I'm more concerned about
               | things like various bird or mammal species than I am some
               | bacteria.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | It's definitely sad and especially so that humans are
               | causing/contributing to it. It's mostly because of our
               | timescale being only witness to a decline and what's lost
               | is tangible and known. What's unknown is how on an
               | evolutionary timescale the field is being reset for the
               | next round of species to emerge. From that perspective,
               | it's a bit interesting to think what could happen.
               | Particularly in the mammal world as humans have or will
               | have eradicated most large predators. Prey populations
               | will swell/collapse and cause adaptation. Some current
               | herbivores/omnivores may convert to carnivore due to the
               | availability of resources. A lot will happen. If you
               | freeze time to protect existing species too much, it's
               | mostly just for sentimental reasons. Some species do a
               | great service to current ecosystems and are vital to
               | human life as we know it, protecting those is a little
               | different IMO (bees come to mind.)
        
               | sourcepluck wrote:
               | > Climate change, even in the worst case, won't come
               | remotely close to eradicating all life. It won't even
               | eradicate humans (though it'll suck for people living on
               | the coasts or in Florida). Even the very worst imaginable
               | catastrophe wouldn't eliminate the various single-celled
               | organisms and extremophiles.
               | 
               | I have heard intelligent people claim a good few times
               | now, and feel like it's obviously unscientific. It seems
               | faith-based. Sure, life on Earth has proven to be
               | resilient and adaptable, but we've no way to be sure how
               | the planet will develop in the coming thousands and
               | millions of years.
               | 
               | Climates and ecosystems and geology change. Life on Earth
               | has persisted through some wild misadventures and
               | atmospheric changes, but it's a very complex system.
               | Surely it's theoretically feasible that some surprising
               | thing could set us off on a course towards ending up with
               | an atmosphere similar to Venus or Mars one day? How can
               | we know with certainty this won't happen?
               | 
               | To me it seems like "life-ism" rather than species-ism at
               | that point. The idea that "life will go on, no matter
               | what" seems so obviously intuitive to a member of the
               | Life class. I fear it is a misguided - though romantic,
               | and somewhat touching - sentiment.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Co2 has had spikes up to > 5000 ppm in the atmosphere in
               | the past.
               | 
               | Is anything possible? Sure.
               | 
               | Is anything currently proposed as possible likely to
               | sterilize the planet? No.
               | 
               | We could get hit by a mini-moon sized asteroid tomorrow
               | though that liquifies the crust, of course.
        
               | phito wrote:
               | Sure but you know very well that when people say "the
               | planet" they mean "the ecosystem". It doesn't change what
               | I meant. There's been mass extinctions before, way worse
               | than what will happen with human-made climate change.
               | Life has proven to be very resilient and ecosystems re-
               | emerge.
               | 
               | I think people are attached to the current state of life
               | on earth, not realizing that it is transient. Life itself
               | and the many forms it can embody is amazing, the exact
               | form it currently takes is not _that_ special.
        
               | AlecSchueler wrote:
               | I take it you're also a smoker?
        
               | phito wrote:
               | ... What? No.
        
             | TeMPOraL wrote:
             | > _Life doesn 't 'find a way' and balance. The ecosystem is
             | damaged, and often times destroyed by adding a single non-
             | native species._
             | 
             | Of course it does. "Ecosystem" and "species" and "native"
             | are human terms referring to categories we invented to make
             | sense of things. Life itself is one ongoing, unbroken,
             | slow-burn chemical reaction at planetary scale. It's always
             | in flux, it's always balanced in myriad ways on some
             | timescales, unbalanced in others.
             | 
             | Even without getting reductive to this degree, there's
             | hardly a case an ecosystem was _destroyed_. Adding non-
             | native species ends up rebalancing things, sometimes
             | transforming them into something dissimilar to what came
             | before - but it 's not like life _disappears_. The
             | ecosystem is there, just different. Though it sure sucks to
             | be one of the life forms depending on the  "status quo".
             | 
             | > _That doesn 't seem random does it?_
             | 
             | Yes, it very much is random. If thermodynamics teaches us
             | anything, it's that random looks quite organized if you
             | zoom out enough and smooth over details.
        
             | ordu wrote:
             | If you first saw Earth billion years ago, you wouldn't be
             | able to predict the current state of affairs. Why? Because
             | there would be myriads of possible outcomes, and you'd
             | struggle to pick one, even just imagining all of them would
             | be impossible for a weak human mind. Weak human mind cannot
             | truly grasp the full extent of what happens now despite it
             | can look at it directly.
             | 
             | But among myriads of possible outcomes the would be a lot
             | of outcomes that you would describe as "non random" if you
             | saw them. Maybe any of them will not look as random. If
             | evolution have chosen one of "non-random" outcomes by a
             | dice roll, would it be right to call its pick "non random"?
        
             | HarHarVeryFunny wrote:
             | Every part of the ecosystem, at any point in history, has
             | co-evolved to be the state it is in - it's an intricate
             | network all balanced to co-exist. If you change any part of
             | the this ecosystem then the rest will have to adapt to the
             | change, but evolutionary timescales are relatively long,
             | and it's not going to settle down to where it was before.
             | Whether you regard a new balance as simply that, or as the
             | old balance being destroyed is just your choice of
             | description.
             | 
             | Using the term "error correction" incorrectly assumes there
             | is some "correct" state to return to, but nature is indeed
             | random and continuously evolving, and there is no
             | privileged "correct" state, just the ever-evolving current
             | state.
        
             | SamPatt wrote:
             | Non-native species don't exist when you use long time
             | scales and realize humans are species too.
             | 
             | Inheritors of the Earth: How Nature Is Thriving in an Age
             | of Extinction by Chris Thomas is an interesting book on
             | this topic.
        
           | feoren wrote:
           | It's not a joke, because jokes have underlying meaning. It is
           | somewhere between a "random accident" and the only way it
           | could have possibly been given the constraints of fundamental
           | physics. I suspect that everything that could possibly be,
           | _is_ , but it's random that you are you and I am me and we
           | find ourselves here in this corner of this galaxy in this
           | part of the universe which might itself be the inside of a
           | giant black hole. But even if our universe is random, that
           | doesn't mean there's nothing to make sense of. There's lots
           | to make sense of.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | Jokes don't always have meaning. "I want to play a joke on
             | Bob" can very easily mean "I'm just going to torture Bob a
             | bit for my amusement". The joke will not have meaning to
             | Bob.
        
               | alonsonic wrote:
               | It has a meaning to Bob because the joke exists for a
               | reason he can comprehend even he doesn't like it.
        
               | Brian_K_White wrote:
               | That's only true if he's aware of it.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | But we try to not talk about Cincinnati.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | No, bob doesn't know he's even being intentionally fucked
               | with. There are many videos of this style of "prank"
               | available on the internet.
        
               | mmooss wrote:
               | There is a lot of subtle meaning layered into that:
               | 
               | Cleverness: I'm funny and I'm confident enough in it to
               | risk doing it publicly
               | 
               | Status: The statuses of you and Bob allow you to play a
               | joke on them. Often such jokes are a public demonstration
               | of status, like children do more explicitly and often
               | unconsciously in the schoolyard.
               | 
               | Empathy: 'I say suffering is funny'; it asserts a
               | willingness to violate a taboo, be unempathetic, and
               | therefore potentially dangerous
               | 
               | Personal power: I'm powerful and independent enough to do
               | something on a whim
               | 
               | etc.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Yes, none of that meaning is apparent to Bob, which is my
               | point.
        
           | alok-g wrote:
           | >> I think it's a big randomness
           | 
           | +1. A big randomness, following the laws of Physics that are
           | themselves possibly rooted in something.
           | 
           | With that big randomness, by some chance, intelligent life
           | has happened that can wonder.
           | 
           | Where's more to be uncovered are in the laws of Physics (and
           | why are they what they are), and thereby better matching the
           | probabilities of the said randomness.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | Or it might be the necessary logical consequence of having
           | anything at all.
        
             | AlecSchueler wrote:
             | I've always thought of it more as the logical consequence
             | of having nothing, the need for there to be a something to
             | oppose it.
        
           | codeulike wrote:
           | _There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers
           | exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will
           | instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more
           | bizarre and inexplicable.
           | 
           | There is another theory which states that this has already
           | happened._
           | 
           | - Douglas Adams
        
           | km144 wrote:
           | I don't think the universe can have "meaning" in the human
           | sense, because any potential "meaning" is outside of our
           | field of observation or understanding. If something indeed
           | created the universe or some definitive sequence of events
           | spurred it into existence, I think that would constitute
           | "meaning" enough for humans to be satisfied. But there is
           | almost certainly not way to observe that fact because it is
           | outside of the realm of our possible experiences.
           | 
           | But even then, if we knew what caused the universe to exist,
           | we would then be looking at the cause of the universe and
           | wondering what caused that cause to exist. And so I think
           | we'd still be left wondering why anything exists at all at
           | the end of the day.
        
             | smeej wrote:
             | I think this is why Christians posit that the Creator
             | actually entered into humanity, so we _could_ understand--
             | or at least be as much less wrong in our speculations as we
             | can handle, small as we are.
             | 
             | They even got as far as describing God as "uncaused
             | causality" centuries ago, which lined up pretty well with
             | the translation of the name God reportedly gave one of
             | their forbearers from a burning bush, "I am who am," or
             | colloquially, "I'm the one who just _is._ I _am_ being-
             | itself, not contingent in any way, outside your concepts of
             | 'before' or 'contingent upon.'"
        
         | renegade-otter wrote:
         | The Cosmic Deep State went to great lengths to make all of this
         | very.... big.
        
           | ilt wrote:
           | Too big to fail?
        
             | kabdib wrote:
             | Entropy never sleeps
        
           | thenobsta wrote:
           | Big Universe has it out for the little guy. It's trying to
           | make it very hard to make sense of its master plan.
        
         | kfrzcode wrote:
         | Wondering is the what.
        
         | downboots wrote:
         | To my limited knowledge it's not even clear what the edges are
         | but I think it's probably safe to say that the bigger it is,
         | the more complexity you can cram in there.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | It's ridiculous. That final zoomed in image that showed one
         | galaxy has maybe 300 million stars in it. Just that one. The
         | scope is... unbelievable silly.
        
           | cameldrv wrote:
           | Take a look at the Hubble ultra deep field image. It's a tiny
           | part of the sky but it's hundreds of galaxies. It's hard to
           | wrap your head around...
        
           | Keysh wrote:
           | Probably closer to 300 _billion_ stars. (It 's roughly the
           | same size as the Milky Way, which is estimated to have ~ 100
           | to 400 billion stars.)
        
             | cubefox wrote:
             | Unbelievable
        
             | dyauspitr wrote:
             | Yeah, that's what I meant to type. 300 billion.
        
               | mixmastamyk wrote:
               | _Billions and Billions_ --Sagan
        
         | yread wrote:
         | Yeah. Do you want to donate your liver?
        
         | Refusing23 wrote:
         | someone made a larger universe a few blocks down the road, and
         | so we made a larger one just to one-up him
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | "There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers
         | exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will
         | instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more
         | bizarre and inexplicable."
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | It's even more "massive" down below. There are only 27 orders
         | of magnitude between human size and the size of the observable
         | universe, but 35 orders of magnitude between human size and the
         | Planck length. ;)
        
           | ThomasBHickey wrote:
           | 'Fundamentals' by Frank Wilczek explores this: https://www.pe
           | nguinrandomhouse.com/books/554034/fundamentals...
        
           | worldsayshi wrote:
           | It could really be much larger beyond the observable horizon
           | though? But I guess we will never know.
        
             | seanw444 wrote:
             | Unless faster-than-light travel becomes possible.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | It might, and that's part of the reason why I put a smiley.
             | On the other hand, the larger you go, the less relevant it
             | becomes, because if the light cones don't touch then it
             | might just as well be a separate universe.
        
           | aoeusnth1 wrote:
           | And a currently unknown number of OOMs (possibly infinite)
           | beyond the observable horizon.
        
           | lynguist wrote:
           | So we are rather "large" beings and not small ones.
           | 
           | Are these orders of magnitude scaled by 10 to go from one to
           | the next?
        
             | 0x5345414e wrote:
             | Yes
        
             | malodyets wrote:
             | Powers of 10 is the classic presentation:
             | https://youtu.be/0fKBhvDjuy0
        
         | elorant wrote:
         | Perhaps that's what's required to have intelligent life
         | spontaneously appear and evolve to our level.
        
         | 1970-01-01 wrote:
         | The actual problem is that we were made early enough to begin
         | to understand the full scale of it, but we're still not mature
         | enough to go out there and explore it. Therefore, you can
         | reason that now is the right time to get behind anything that
         | pushes us beyond the Earth.
        
           | mr_mitm wrote:
           | These distances are well outside the scope of exploration.
           | Getting to the next solar system is already a seemingly
           | insurmountable challenge. Getting to the next galaxy? Forget
           | it. Getting to _these_ galaxies we see in the picture?
           | Absolutely no way. I know people like to be optimistic about
           | these things but it 's honestly pure wishful thinking.
        
             | 1970-01-01 wrote:
             | Once we have fusion reactors, it won't be.
        
               | nojs wrote:
               | Your fusion reactor will still take a while to travel 420
               | million light-years.
        
               | Night_Thastus wrote:
               | Fusion reactors won't really help. Sure, you can
               | accelerate indefinitely - but only at maybe 1G or a bit
               | more if you don't want to kill the occupants. Then you
               | have to flip and decelerate. Unless we find a way to
               | freeze/stasis people, the limits are still shockingly
               | small.
               | 
               | We'd need to start cracking some kind of jumping/FTL/etc
               | technology to have any hope of real exploration.
        
               | dreamcompiler wrote:
               | Well... you don't need to freeze people if you can travel
               | at a substantial fraction of c, because of time dilation.
               | 
               | Caveats:
               | 
               | 1. It's really, _really_ hard to supply enough energy to
               | go that fast, even with fusion power.
               | 
               | 2. Your passengers won't be able to go home again,
               | because by the time they get back everyone they've ever
               | known will be long dead.
               | 
               | 3. Even if you could go that fast, you'll eventually hit
               | a speck of dust and disintegrate.
        
               | behnamoh wrote:
               | > 3. Even if you could go that fast, you'll eventually
               | hit a speck of dust and disintegrate.
               | 
               | Can you elaborate on that? Do you mean if we clash with
               | anything (even as small as a space dust) while traveling
               | at a substantial fraction of c, it would disintegrate us?
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | It would cause damage. The faster you go, the worse is
               | the damage. Even just the cosmic microwave background
               | will eventually turn into dangerous gamma radiation, so
               | you will need heavy lead shields in the front, which
               | makes traveling even more expensive and difficult. At
               | certain speeds, you should think of your spaceship as a
               | drill penetrating the inter galactic medium. And even
               | then the journey will take millions or billions of years
               | (in the reference frame of those staying at home).
        
               | adamredwoods wrote:
               | F=ma
               | 
               | At 1% the speed of light (approx 3000000 m/s) and a
               | medium-mass dust (1x10-5 kg, stationary), not enough
               | force or area to dent steel (350 N/mm^2), but over time,
               | lots of dust could cause erosion (quick math/estimates).
        
               | dreamcompiler wrote:
               | The relevant equation is for kinetic energy, which is
               | 0.5mv^2. Using your numbers that's about 4.5E+7 Joules,
               | or the energy of about 10kG of TNT exploding. That will
               | certainly make a dent, and your space ship won't survive
               | many of those.
               | 
               | I was thinking v would be more like 10% of c, which would
               | mean about 1000kG (1 kiloton) of TNT, or about 1/20 of
               | the energy of the Hiroshima atomic bomb. From a particle
               | of dust weighing 10mG. You'd be toast.
        
             | seanw444 wrote:
             | This is short-sighted. Maybe not in _our_ lifetimes. If it
             | were 1902, you 'd probably be mocking the Wright brothers.
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | No, I wouldn't be. The speed of light is a much more
               | fundamental limitation than anything we have ever seen
               | before. It's probably the single most fundamental and
               | most sure fact that we know of, besides perhaps the
               | quantum nature of reality.
               | 
               | And I have heard it all before: worm holes, warp drive,
               | etc pp. A fun exercise, but not rooted in reality at all.
               | 
               | All you can do is to appeal to completely unknown,
               | unimaginable magical breakthroughs, which are inherently
               | difficult to discuss, so I don't think this will be very
               | fruitful.
        
               | dreamcompiler wrote:
               | There are three levels of difficulty in innovation: New
               | Engineering, New Science, and New Fundamentals.
               | 
               | What the Wright Brothers did was the easiest of the
               | three: New _engineering_. It didn 't contradict anything
               | then known in accepted science.
               | 
               | Fusion energy is being studied now, and it's
               | substantially more difficult than what the Wright
               | brothers did because it requires _New Science._ But it
               | doesn 't violate any of the accepted fundamentals of the
               | universe, so it will probably happen eventually.
               | 
               | Now we come to the most difficult of the three: New
               | Fundamentals. Traveling to other galaxies falls in this
               | category. For it to work we would have to discover some
               | brand new principle that makes the universe work, and
               | that principle would need to be so radical that it makes
               | what we now know about the laws of physics wrong.
               | 
               | That's not likely to happen. By comparison, the Wright
               | brothers' invention was for all practical purposes
               | inevitable; people had been flying heavier-than-air craft
               | like gliders and kites for hundreds of years. All that
               | was needed was an energy-dense power plant.
        
               | 1970-01-01 wrote:
               | IF you believe the whistleblowers, all the tech already
               | exists.
               | 
               | https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/watch-live-house-
               | overs...
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | While the claims of the whistleblowers may or may not be
               | true, your link is sworn Congressional testimony from
               | credible sources.
               | 
               | So, despite the stigma attached to all things UAP/UFO, I
               | think it should be upvoted and not downvoted.
        
               | seanw444 wrote:
               | Well, fortunately, our rock-solid science has some major
               | holes to be patched. There's no way to guess what
               | consequences those will have to our understanding of what
               | we're limited to exploring.
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | There are three levels of difficulty in innovation:
               | New Engineering, New Science, and New Fundamentals.
               | 
               | Wow, I've never seen this put so succinctly before.
        
           | vjk800 wrote:
           | Since we don't observe any sign of anyone else explore it, or
           | even broadcast themselves through it, it might be that it's
           | not possible to explore it.
        
             | behnamoh wrote:
             | Or maybe it's due to the Dark Forest theory (https://en.wik
             | ipedia.org/wiki/Dark_forest_hypothesis#:~:text....)
        
         | bane wrote:
         | There's plenty of space out in space!
        
         | vjk800 wrote:
         | Yeah and the smallest thing that got zoomed in in the video was
         | a galaxy. Like our milky way galaxy, so still fucking huge.
        
       | skybrian wrote:
       | If you'd prefer not to watch a video, try this page [1] that has
       | images.
       | 
       | Hopefully there will be a zoomable image (like Google Maps)
       | eventually.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Euclid...
        
         | relistan wrote:
         | Thank you
        
       | lfmunoz4 wrote:
       | 600x zoom didn't seem to help from the 150x zoom. Wonder if we
       | will ever be able to see actual planet surfaces or we need some
       | other technology to do that, i.e, we should have small satellites
       | every 10 light years. but this map is amazing and a good step
       | forward.
       | 
       | Edit: Was just thinking that image does us tells us something
       | i.e, there no large artificial structures or billboards anywhere
       | we can see. Maybe I watch too much sci-fi but honestly would have
       | expected someone to build some huge structure around a star or
       | planet, would be disappointing if no one does.
        
         | stouset wrote:
         | There is zero way to optically resolve an exoplanet's surface
         | without something like a gravitational lens.
        
           | xpl wrote:
           | Can't we build a giant optical interferometer in space by
           | sending multiple telescopes out there?
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | Possibly, but the challenges to do so are immense. Using
             | the sun as a giant gravitational lens seems much more
             | tractable.
        
               | cvoss wrote:
               | Really? I wouldn't think the sun is nearly massive enough
               | to do what would be required here. Stars visible near the
               | edge of the Sun appear in slightly different spots from
               | their actual locations. If there was a distant planet
               | directly behind the Sun whose light were focused back to
               | an image on our side of the Sun, you'd have to get really
               | far back from the Sun to resolve the image, no? And
               | furthermore, it's exceedingly difficult to orient such an
               | apparatus to look in the desired direction; you are
               | beholden to the orbital mechanics of your viewing
               | satellite as it plods along.
               | 
               | Whereas, multi-site telescopes spread across the Earth
               | have already been demonstrated as a feasible technology
               | (recall the black hole images). It is well within our
               | ability to set up a constellation of satellites, perhaps
               | spanning a few of the Earth-Sun Lagrange points.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | > Really? I wouldn't think the sun is nearly massive
               | enough to do what would be required here.
               | 
               | You "just" need to get far enough away (~600AU).
               | Interferometry is extremely difficult to pull this off
               | with and it's further complicated by the host star being
               | so much brighter than the exoplanet.
               | 
               | See this recent Fraser Cain interview with Dr. Slava
               | Turyshev:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/live/lqzJewjZUkk?si=WWNdR1PESYzD0
               | d4X
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_gravitational_lens
               | 
               | > you'd have to get really far back from the Sun to
               | resolve the image, no?
               | 
               | Yah, a few hundred AU.
               | 
               | > you are beholden to the orbital mechanics of your
               | viewing satellite as it plods along.
               | 
               | Yah, any mission like this -- interferometry or
               | gravitational lensing -- is going to be super long and
               | hit very few targets.
               | 
               | > Whereas, multi-site telescopes spread across the Earth
               | have already been demonstrated as a feasible technology
               | 
               | Yah, at _radio_ frequency while pinned to a common rock.
               | The wavelength of visible light is hundreds of nanometers
               | and we 're talking across massive distances and
               | significant gravity gradients and even relativistic
               | corrections. The "big" space interferometers currently
               | being considered are in the mid-infrared (e.g. longer
               | wavelengths) across baselines of hundreds of meters.
               | 
               | All of these ideas are really hard.
        
               | skykooler wrote:
               | Yes, you'd need to get quite far from the Sun to use it
               | as a lens - about 650 AU is where it starts becoming
               | practical. It would also not be re-orientable, so any
               | "telescope" launched to that location would only be able
               | to observe a single target. (But, notably, it is far
               | easier to send a probe to a far point in our own solar
               | system than it is to send it to another star entirely.)
               | There's a paper that goes into much more detail at
               | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.06351
               | 
               | So why not use interferometry instead? Well, it has some
               | significant drawbacks. For example: the Event Horizon
               | Telescope used radio telescopes - and pretty much had to,
               | due to how interferometry works: you need to be able to
               | compare the phase shifts between the multiple telescopes,
               | which means you need to be able to sample the signal
               | faster than the radio frequency you're using and record
               | it. The EHT records 64 gigabits per second for each
               | telescope, and then all this data needs to be combined to
               | compute the resolved image. This amount of data would be
               | problematic for space-based telescopes - even on Earth,
               | it was not practical to send multiple petabytes over the
               | internet, so it was saved to hard drives which were
               | shipped by truck instead. This isn't practical in space,
               | so you would need to transmit the data by radio, which
               | means you'd end up with some crazy ratio of thousands of
               | hours of transmitting for every one hour you spend
               | recording.
        
               | restalis wrote:
               | _" It would also not be re-orientable, so any "telescope"
               | launched to that location would only be able to observe a
               | single target."_
               | 
               | I just presume that such observation spacecraft makes
               | sense to be made as a rather long term investment than
               | some one-time fly-by thing like New Horizons, so the
               | sensible thing to do is to have it in an orbit around the
               | Sun at that (>=650AU) distance and to take multiple
               | observations. Of course, the easiest solution may be for
               | the orbit to be elliptical one, with the useful position
               | only around its aphelion, in which case it will be able
               | to observe only a single target indeed. But, I also
               | presume that past the first few such elliptical orbit
               | experiments the aim will shift to have the spacecrafts
               | set on distant (and most likely circular) orbits that
               | make possible observations at any time and thus its
               | target would be something akin to a horizon rather than a
               | single point, wouldn't it?
        
           | frabjoused wrote:
           | If light is hitting it, can you explain why not?
        
             | recursive wrote:
             | I don't know much about it, but my guess is that 0* photons
             | from that planet make their way into any given telescope
             | lens in a given day.
        
             | thrtythreeforty wrote:
             | The naive optical instrument will be diffraction limited.
             | The resolving power of a lens, basically how "sharp" the
             | resulting image will be, goes down as you decrease the size
             | of the aperture relative to the focal length (that is, as
             | the f-stop number goes up).
             | 
             | A telescope that could zoom into an exoplanet would have an
             | f value of a kajillion or so.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | You'd need a 90km aperture to get a one pixel image of an
               | Earth-sized exoplanet at 100ly.
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | For comparison's sake, this is the best image we made of Pluto
         | (~0.0006 light years away) prior to sending a spacecraft right
         | past it
         | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Pluto_an...
         | and this is an image of what we think might be a gas giant 4
         | light years away
         | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Candidat...
        
         | bigiain wrote:
         | > there no large artificial structures or billboards anywhere
         | we can see.
         | 
         | I half suspect the aliens who can construct structures large
         | enough to see from lightyears away are by far most likely to be
         | building Dyson Spheres around stars which make them
         | significantly less likely to be seen rather than something we'd
         | notice.
        
           | r2_pilot wrote:
           | >building Dyson Spheres around stars which make them
           | significantly less likely to be seen rather than something
           | we'd notice.
           | 
           | There's no stealth in space; Dyson spheres would be
           | anomalously infrared/lower frequencies.
        
       | geenkeuse wrote:
       | We still have a long way to go to beat this draw distance, but we
       | are on our way. The day will come when we have "sentient" beings,
       | living in a massive world created by us. And they will ponder the
       | same things as we do now.
       | 
       | And we will remain invisible and out of reach, but completely
       | observant, and influential in their world. After all, we wrote
       | the program.
       | 
       | And they will study the code and discover their own "natural
       | laws" and invent their own things.
       | 
       | And they will progress until they create a completely simulated
       | world of their own.
       | 
       | I wonder at which level are we. How many sims down from the
       | original program...
        
         | turnsout wrote:
         | What benefit do you get from this line of thought? You could
         | also be a brain in a jar. What would you change about your life
         | or behavior?
        
           | dr_kiszonka wrote:
           | It's fun to think for the sake of thinking.
        
           | geenkeuse wrote:
           | But I'm not a brain in a jar. That is not my experience.
           | 
           | The benefit I get is knowing that this is not all one "big
           | bang"
           | 
           | We are so quick to laud our own achievements, but fail to
           | give credit where it is due.
           | 
           | We build nuclear power plants, waste water treatment plants
           | and the beginnings of quantum computers. And we congratulate
           | ourselves for a job well done, after spending an unspeakable
           | amount of resources on them. We maintain them with a constant
           | labour force, regular maintenance shutdowns and a ton of
           | money.
           | 
           | Meanwhile the sun keeps shining, the clouds keep raining and
           | your mind keeps minding.
           | 
           | And they do it on zero budget. No off days. No staff.
           | Automatically.
           | 
           | And with all this engagement, the energy remains the same.
        
         | smaddox wrote:
         | Exponential slowdowns at each level ruin this hypothesis.
        
           | geenkeuse wrote:
           | The documents I copied are not as sharp as the original, so
           | the photocopier must not exist.
        
             | smaddox wrote:
             | Photocopying has little to do with simulation of the
             | physical world.
             | 
             | First of all, Bits != Q-bits. You can clone bits. You can't
             | clone Q-bits: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-
             | cloning_theorem
             | 
             | Second, photocopies are static. The physical world is not
             | static.
        
               | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
               | Why would their be exponential slowdown? Time can be
               | relative, but superbroadcasting can help explain the loss
               | of fidelity as we scale down. So you can't "Clone" but
               | you can superentangle multiple copies in a degraded
               | state.
        
         | __turbobrew__ wrote:
         | The more I learn about physics the more I am convinced this is
         | a simulation.
         | 
         | In a way our universe is very lazy, at large scales where
         | consciousness exists the universe is coherent, predictable. The
         | smaller you get the lazier and fuzzier the universe gets to
         | save computational work. The actual state of things is only
         | computed on small scales when you measure them. The speed of
         | light puts limits on how far humanity can travel to extend the
         | bounds of the simulation. Maybe the expansion of the universe
         | is yet another hedge at limiting how far human can travel.
         | Also, as things are red shifted due to expansion you can run
         | the simulation of far away places slower due to time dilation.
         | 
         | The speed of light and the plank length are both hard codes to
         | bound computational work. The plank length to bound computation
         | getting too complex in the micro scale and the speed of light
         | to limit computation in the macro scale.
         | 
         | It is also very convenient that the closer we look at things
         | the more we see that under the hood things are discrete which
         | is very convenient for simulating.
         | 
         | Maybe every level of the sim increases the plank length and
         | decreases the speed of light in order to deal with inefficiency
         | of doing a sim within a sim? Maybe at the final level of the
         | sim we end up with the truman show.
        
           | ffwd wrote:
           | This is an interesting idea but personally I think the
           | opposite - the universe is not lazy and all details matter at
           | all levels.
           | 
           | Like imagine making a complete account of all world views of
           | all people in all of history - all perspectives, and all the
           | physical events of that history. There is almost infinite
           | detail there. In a way, in the universe all the details of
           | all the things matter, including at the physical level,
           | otherwise you wouldn't get the diversity and complexity you
           | get now.
        
             | dnate wrote:
             | There are a lot of ways the illusion of more detail than
             | there actually is is given. Simulation cost saving measures
             | so to say.
             | 
             | E.g.: Detail in memory fades quite quickly. Vision is not
             | as detailed as we think.
        
           | adamredwoods wrote:
           | Or the universe is so massive that a human mind cannot ever
           | comprehend the magnitude of it all, so in order to cope, a
           | human mind must use a definition it feels comfortable with.
        
         | sph wrote:
         | You would enjoy the short story "The Last Question" by Asimov:
         | https://users.ece.cmu.edu/~gamvrosi/thelastq.html
        
       | micromacrofoot wrote:
       | I can never truly wrap my head around the time component here,
       | this is 400+ million year old light! in earth terms, that's when
       | most life was still ocean-bound
        
       | salesynerd wrote:
       | Very impressive collage of images! Just one doubt - what are the
       | pitch black patches?
        
         | meowster wrote:
         | Aliens, but it's classified, so they redacted those parts.
        
           | salesynerd wrote:
           | The geometric, sharp, shapes suggest these aliens are
           | "stealth" ones. :)
        
         | laweijfmvo wrote:
         | usually a star in the foreground, or, aliens
        
       | irjustin wrote:
       | Man I REALLY hope we solve Dark Energy/Matter in my lifetime.
       | That'd be so cool. I put it up there with long term habitation on
       | another world (moon or mars is fine to me!).
        
       | thierrydamiba wrote:
       | Fun to imagine someone or something out there mapping us as well.
       | What a cool video. I think one of the best things about space
       | travel will be the loss of ego we go through when we really
       | understand how vast the world is.
        
         | mmooss wrote:
         | That was said when we first orbited the Earth. Right now many
         | things - space travel in particular - seems correlated with
         | vastly increased ego.
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | Humans are great at turning a new insight into a way to feel
         | better about themselves compared to others that haven't had the
         | insight. We are driven by our ego, so I find that very
         | unlikely.
        
         | gukov wrote:
         | Apparently psychedelics can cause the so called ego death. I
         | wonder if it's the same driving force: a realization of how
         | vast and limitless the world is.
        
           | thierrydamiba wrote:
           | That effect is temporary, but yeah you can get there. In my
           | experience psychedelic users are some of the most egotistical
           | people on earth. The cycle they live in is a nasty cage.
        
         | jawilson2 wrote:
         | Douglas Adams keeps coming up in this thread, but this sounds a
         | lot like the Total Perspective Vortex.
        
           | thierrydamiba wrote:
           | Can you elaborate on this?
        
       | biggestlou wrote:
       | I'm still loooking for intelligent life on _this_ planet!
        
         | ordu wrote:
         | Can't you pass a mirror test and see yourself in the mirror? It
         | is pretty good evidence for me, that intelligent life exists on
         | this planet.
        
       | ourmandave wrote:
       | _The mosaic contains 260 observations made between 25 March and 8
       | April 2024. In just two weeks, Euclid covered 132 square degrees
       | of the Southern Sky in pristine detail, more than 500 times the
       | area of the full Moon.
       | 
       | This mosaic accounts for 1% of the wide survey that Euclid will
       | capture over six years. During this survey, the telescope
       | observes the shapes, distances and motions of billions of
       | galaxies out to 10 billion light-years. By doing this, it will
       | create the largest cosmic 3D map ever made._
       | 
       | So my question is, what comes after Euclid?
       | 
       | Will the next one capture better details further out (if further
       | is possible)?
       | 
       | Kind of like James Webb compared to Hubble.
        
         | amatecha wrote:
         | Since it's apparently a 3d map (?) I'd be curious if they will
         | re-run the scan and compare between the scans? Pure speculation
         | my part, but that would be pretty interesting, surely.
        
           | spartanatreyu wrote:
           | You're not going to see like galaxies moving, only very very
           | close stars.
           | 
           | But you would spot transient phenomena like supernovae.
        
         | Tepix wrote:
         | Well, there's the Vera Rubin Observatory with the LSST which
         | will provide us with an exciting dynamic map of the sky.
        
       | 6stringronin wrote:
       | Truly amazing what a gift to humanity. Inspiring to see such a
       | wonderful zoom on a deep filed like image. Bravo to the ESA.
        
       | ddingus wrote:
       | Damn it is an awful big place!
        
       | lefrenchy wrote:
       | It's just so crazy to me to see a galaxy 420 million light years
       | away. That is so much time for what we're seeing to have changed.
       | I presume life can form within that window given the right
       | conditions, so to some degree it just feels a bit sad that the
       | distance is so great that we can't actually see what may exist in
       | this moment that far away
        
         | vasco wrote:
         | In another way it's really cool to be able to "see the past"
         | even if all we see is always the past. At this level it is like
         | a super power. If only some aliens had put a mirror somewhere
         | far so we could see ourselves too. Or multiple mirrors at
         | different distances.
         | 
         | With enough mirrors and light bouncing around the size of the
         | universe itself can be a "storage media" of the past with
         | different photons all around carrying "how this location looked
         | X years ago". "All" you have to do to know what happened is
         | find the right photon to see whatever it is you want to see.
        
           | steveoscaro wrote:
           | Well that sounds like a good premise for a scifi book or
           | movie.
        
             | IngoBlechschmid wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hundred_Light-Year_Diary
             | 
             | By Greg Egan, so highly recommended.
        
             | densh wrote:
             | You should check out Three Body Problem (the book, not the
             | mediocre netflix adaptation).
        
           | grahamj wrote:
           | You don't need mirrors, you just need to get in front of the
           | photons. A time machine or warp drive will do :)
           | 
           | Also the past is the only thing you can perceive, there
           | effectively is no now.
        
             | densh wrote:
             | Is there a science fiction universe that explores a
             | hypothetical warp drive that lets you travel very far
             | relatively quickly, but the travel is only possible with
             | simultaneous backwards time travel that's proportionate to
             | the distance traversed? So you can hop across star systems
             | but can't do a roundtrip A -> B -> A without significantly
             | shifting time from the point of view of A backwards
             | (irreversibly from the point of view of the traveler).
        
           | ujikoluk wrote:
           | For prior art in this field, see:
           | 
           | https://github.com/yarrick/pingfs
           | 
           | "pingfs is a filesystem where the data is stored only in the
           | Internet itself, as ICMP Echo packets (pings) travelling from
           | you to remote servers and back again."
           | 
           | Also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delay-line_memory
           | 
           | Storing data as acoustic waves gave a higher capacity in
           | practice, as propagation is slower thus fitting a larger
           | number of symbol per time unit.
        
             | lloeki wrote:
             | From chainsaws to ICMP echo packets (and more)
             | 
             | http://tom7.org/harder/
        
           | ConcernedCoder wrote:
           | In theory, couldn't we focus on a perfect spot near a black
           | hole where the light has been warped 180 degrees around it...
           | i.e. if the black hole is 100 light years away, you'd see (
           | with perfect zoom, of course ) a picture of the earth 200
           | years ago...?
           | 
           | I understand that we'd have to account for the movement of
           | objects, of course, but with computers, seems like a small
           | hurdle...
        
         | gary_0 wrote:
         | Given that the speed of light is the speed of causality,
         | technically it's not really 420 million years in the "past" in
         | any meaningful sense. The present is relative, not universal.
         | The collected light we see in our telescopes is a lie about a
         | particular universe that will never be, at least in any
         | tangible way. On a cosmic scale, every spot in the universe
         | sees its own unique sequence of events going on around it, all
         | of it rendered virtually immutable by the relative slowness of
         | _c_.
         | 
         | It's a beautiful nightmare, isn't it?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativity_of_simultaneity
        
           | nullwriter wrote:
           | Absolutely mind blowing - I've not thought of this and will
           | be reading about it
        
             | andrewflnr wrote:
             | Don't think about it too much. It's wrong. Relativity of
             | simultaneity only kicks in when you have reference frames
             | moving at noticeably different velocities. Which is... not
             | entirely wrong in this case due to the expansion of the
             | universe, but would be equally true of a nearby reference
             | frame moving away equally fast. It's nothing to do with
             | light travel time.
             | 
             | Ed: I've slipped into the fallacy a bit. Reference frames
             | don't have locations, so they can't be "nearby". Just
             | pretend I said "reference frame of a nearby object".
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | I'll admit I'm severely undereducated in this stuff, probably
           | less than an average high schooler these day but nevertheless
           | I feel like I've considered this before and never knew it had
           | a name. Which makes me feel not completely stupid.
           | 
           | > whether two spatially separated events occur at the same
           | time - is not absolute, but depends on the observer's
           | reference frame.
           | 
           | But What I don't understand about this is why is "time"
           | framed as observer based? In my mind, the events do happen at
           | the same time and just are unable to be observed as such. I
           | feel like time is a figment of our imagination, it's just a
           | measurement. In my pea brain time makes sense more as a
           | constant and the other things are something else that impacts
           | the latency of observance
        
             | satvikpendem wrote:
             | If not for observation, what does "happen" mean? Keep in
             | mind observation in the physics sense doesn't mean
             | conscious observation but rather that anything experiences
             | something at all.
        
             | alok-g wrote:
             | >> In my mind, the events do happen at the same time and
             | just are unable to be observed as such.
             | 
             | Not so, I would say.
             | 
             | Space and time are inherently linked under special (and
             | General) relativity. For two observers who have relative
             | motion between them, the space (distance between two
             | 'events') and time (between the said events) are both
             | different.
             | 
             | When some poem or a song talks about the universe being
             | frozen at a given instant of time, that can be only in a
             | given reference frame. There's no absolute time for the
             | universe.
        
             | SJC_Hacker wrote:
             | > But What I don't understand about this is why is "time"
             | framed as observer based? In my mind, the events do happen
             | at the same time and just are unable to be observed as
             | such. I feel like time is a figment of our imagination,
             | it's just a measurement. In my pea brain time makes sense
             | more as a constant and the other things are something else
             | that impacts the latency of observance
             | 
             | Its a logical consequence of the speed of light being
             | constant in all inertial reference frames, regardless of
             | the velocity.
             | 
             | This is an axiom of special relativity, but it has also
             | been verified at (admittedly low) relative velocities.
             | 
             | That in itself is somewhat absurd, but it leads to further
             | absurdities when you do the math. In order for the speed of
             | light to remain invariant, you can no longer speak of an
             | absolute (preferred) frame of reference.
             | 
             | You can of course, privilege certain reference frames e.g.
             | Earth, but its rather arbitrary.
        
           | codethief wrote:
           | > Given that the speed of light is the speed of causality,
           | technically it's not really 420 million years in the "past"
           | in any meaningful sense.
           | 
           | Yes, it is. It is 420 million years in the past in our frame
           | of reference. The link you posted is about how frames of
           | reference of _other_ observers might differ from ours.
           | However, doesn 't make the notion "420 million years in the
           | past [in our frame of reference]" any less well-defined.
        
         | 0xDEAFBEAD wrote:
         | It might be possible to build a powerful telescope to see life
         | on planets that are closer to us, though:
         | https://www.palladiummag.com/2024/10/18/its-time-to-build-th...
        
           | Sander_Marechal wrote:
           | Ohh I love the idea of a massive telescope that's just
           | compromised of thousands of individual satellites!
        
           | Tepix wrote:
           | Or go for the gravitational lens provided by our sun (580 AU
           | out).
        
       | zuminator wrote:
       | To think that it's only been a touch over 100 years that we've
       | even had confirmation that other galaxies besides our own exist.
       | 
       | Prior to that it was thought that the entire visible universe was
       | around 100,000 parsecs across (what we know now to be just the
       | Milky Way.)
        
       | FredPret wrote:
       | I'm confused by how much matter there is. Are those dots entire
       | galaxies? It's just nuts. Thank you team Euclid.
        
         | Maken wrote:
         | It is more puzzling how much _emptiness_ there is. Everything
         | we see in these images is absurdly far from each other.
        
       | Jun8 wrote:
       | Watching this is ... hard to find the words to describe it. It's
       | insane!
       | 
       | It shows us how mind bogglingly vast the universe is and how
       | we're literally nothing compared to it. Paradoxically, it also
       | makes me feel incredibly potent and capable as a human being in
       | that being this small we can know so much!
       | 
       | Your size is to the distance of that distant spiral galaxy (420
       | Mly - 10e24m) as a neutrino is to you (effective cross section of
       | a 1MeV neutron = 10e-24m:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_magnitude_(length))
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Small and so brief too.
        
         | seoulmetro wrote:
         | >in that being this small we can know so much!
         | 
         | We only know what we think we know. We could just be grains of
         | sand in someone else's world for all we know.
        
           | udev4096 wrote:
           | "Meanwhile the Cosmos is rich beyond measure: the total
           | number of stars in the universe is greater than all the
           | grains of sand on all the beaches of the planet Earth."
           | 
           | - Carl Sagan
        
         | kranner wrote:
         | That we can know anything at all is a miracle in itself. It
         | could have been just fine evolutionarily for us Earth creatures
         | to be no more than Large Action Models with no inner
         | experience, but somehow we ended up as these perceiving,
         | cogitating, apprehending _beings._
        
           | valval wrote:
           | "So God created man in his own image, in the image of God he
           | created him; male and female he created them."
        
             | elteto wrote:
             | How arrogant and silly to look at these incredible pictures
             | and think "Yep, this was all made for ME. I am the center
             | of the universe!".
        
               | protonbob wrote:
               | Q1: What is the chief end of man? Man's chief end is to
               | glorify God, and to enjoy Him for ever.
               | 
               | The Christian belief is that creation was made for God
               | and not the other way around. It's actually profoundly
               | not focused on the self.
        
               | bbor wrote:
               | Well, creation was made for one god, which happens to
               | look just like us and never once mentions other peoples.
               | To be a Christian astronomer you have to believe one of
               | these:
               | 
               | 1. God is wasting the vast, vast, _vast_ majority of the
               | universe on emptiness while he focuses on his fave
               | planet.
               | 
               | 2. The universe is full of humans, in which case Jesus is
               | presumably getting re-crucified every few seconds to
               | absolve new groups. Or I guess maybe he split up into a
               | trillion copies that all got crucified at once? Or we're
               | the 1-in-a-trillion lucky ones that everyone else just
               | gets to hear about?
               | 
               | 3. The rest of the universe has aliens because god got
               | bored/wanted things for us to play with, as his super
               | special favorite species. The aliens don't get to look
               | like god, ofc.
               | 
               | No offense intended to anyone, but I don't see how you
               | could possibly accept Christian doctrine without
               | necessarily thinking of earth as unfathomably special.
        
               | protonbob wrote:
               | Oh I do think it's special. But thinking of the universe
               | as a waste because there are lots of uninhabited planets
               | is pretty human focused. Why would it be a waste for an
               | infinite god with infinite amount of attention to spend
               | time creating a large universe?
        
               | elteto wrote:
               | It actually is incredibly human-centered, to the point
               | that humans were made in _his_ image and the Sun is
               | supposed to turn _around_ the Earth.
               | 
               | But all this makes sense when you realize it's a
               | primitive human myth made by primitive people with
               | limited understanding of the universe and the world
               | around them.
        
               | protonbob wrote:
               | Not to get to into the weeds but being made in the image
               | of God does not necessarily involve physical appearance.
               | Also, it has nothing to do with being heliocentric or
               | geocentric.
               | 
               | I don't really get the point that you're making.
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | How arrogant for anyone to look at these incredible
               | pictures and think they know ANYTHING at all. We may be
               | the center of it all, we may not, this may be a massive
               | simulation, or a massive random accident. The only
               | correct answer is to admit we know nothing. Humans are so
               | fixated on knowing everything.
        
               | elteto wrote:
               | I do know one thing: fairy tales are not real.
        
               | valval wrote:
               | To be fair, as a christian I don't believe in goblins and
               | unicorns. I do believe in something though. I suppose you
               | do too, and in the end our core beliefs might not even be
               | that different.
        
               | mr_mitm wrote:
               | I think this line of reasoning does a disservice to all
               | the scientists and thinkers who contributed to a
               | considerable amount of knowledge. We learned so much
               | about the universe in the past 100 years, it's impudent
               | to call this nothing just because it's not everything.
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | I'm talking about filling in the blanks in things that
               | are not yet known, not discounting all scientific
               | progress. The point was that the person I replied to held
               | just as irrational a belief as the person they were
               | criticizing. Neither of them knows the deeper nature of
               | reality and whether humanity was created by something or
               | is just an accident of nature, so both of their replies
               | are absurd as one another's.
        
           | namaria wrote:
           | Our existence and the universe being knowable is all
           | intertwined.
           | 
           | A reverse entropy universe or a random one would preclude any
           | meaningful learning, thus also the evolution of intelligence
           | and technological civilization as well.
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | How could you possibly be an affective agent without
           | knowledge? And how could anything ever use knowledge without
           | perceiving it? Whenever anyone talks about philosophical
           | zombies, I say "show me one, then" -- until then I'm sticking
           | with (what I see as) the scientific consensus, which is that
           | we're material like literally everything else is in the
           | Actual, perceivable world.
           | 
           | What would it be like to not be like anything?
        
             | kranner wrote:
             | I'm also a materialist, and the lack of p-zombies here
             | cannot preclude their existence elsewhere.
        
         | bamboozled wrote:
         | _we 're literally nothing compared to it_
         | 
         | Yet, here we are, made of it.
        
       | hi_hi wrote:
       | The other mind boggling part is, we've gone from having a
       | limited, accurate, map of only our immediate solar system, to
       | _this_ in ~270 years.
       | 
       | What knowledge of our universe is hiding behind future technology
       | evolutions?
        
       | gorgoiler wrote:
       | A fun thing I like to do every so often is to try to break away
       | from the natural notion that space has a horizon and that instead
       | force myself to feel that it continues equally in all directions.
       | 
       | We're naturally inclined to be ok with giant distances on the
       | horizon. It's natural to put more emphasis on that part of the
       | world. Hold up your thumb to the horizon and notice how many
       | things fit alongside it compared to your thumb help downwards
       | against the ground.
       | 
       | On the surface of our planet the up direction isn't usually
       | interesting and the down direction isn't even there. It is
       | therefore quite horrifying ("fun") to imagine space going _down_
       | forever.
        
         | bongodongobob wrote:
         | Yes. I like to look at the moon and think of it as being "down"
         | and I'm the one at an angle. Rather than "there's nothing under
         | me, just the ground" it's "there's nothing under me, just
         | _nothing forever_. "
        
         | beAbU wrote:
         | Many years ago I read some sci-fi novel, and in it was a sub-
         | plot of a warring alien species that started destroying
         | anything and everything they came across in their travels.
         | 
         | The story went that their local system was in some sort of a
         | dust cloud, so they had no stars visible from their planet. At
         | some point, that cloud somehow dissipated. On the planet, one
         | of the inhabitants bothered to look up one night, and it _hated
         | everything_ it saw. So the race developed a space program to go
         | out there and destroy it all.
         | 
         | For some reason I think it was Adams' H2G2, but the tone of my
         | recollection does not quite feel on-brand for those stories.
         | Not sure.
        
           | tirpen wrote:
           | You are right, it is from h2g2.
           | 
           | It's the planet Krikkit, which is a major part of _Life, The
           | Universe and Everything_ , the third book in the series.
        
           | murrayhenson wrote:
           | The end of Chapter 12 from Douglas Adams' Life, the Universe,
           | and Everything.
           | 
           | The darkness of the cloud buffeted at the ship. Inside was
           | the silence of history. Their historic mission was to find
           | out if there was anything or anywhere on the other side of
           | the sky, from which the wrecked spaceship could have come,
           | another world maybe, strange and incomprehensible though this
           | thought was to the enclosed minds of those who had lived
           | beneath the sky of Krikkit.
           | 
           | History was gathering itself to deliver another blow.
           | 
           | Still the darkness thrummed at them, the blank enclosing
           | darkness. It seemed closer and closer, thicker and thicker,
           | heavier and heavier. And suddenly it was gone.
           | 
           | They flew out of the cloud.
           | 
           | They saw the staggering jewels of the night in their infinite
           | dust and their minds sang with fear.
           | 
           | For a while they flew on, motionless against the starry sweep
           | of the Galaxy, itself motionless against the infinite sweep
           | of the Universe. And then they turned around.
           | 
           | "It'll have to go," the men of Krikkit said as they headed
           | back for home.
           | 
           | On the way back, they sang a number of tuneful and reflective
           | songs on the subjects of peace, justice, morality, culture,
           | sport, family life and the obliteration of all other life
           | forms.
        
             | beAbU wrote:
             | Yes!! Thank you for the quote. My memory was clearly a bit
             | off, but I got the gist of it right.
        
       | qingcharles wrote:
       | YouTube link for the same video:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86ZCsUfgLRQ
        
       | taylorius wrote:
       | They've gone and created Douglas Adams' Total Perspective Vortex
        
       | PUSH_AX wrote:
       | We're so lucky to exist in a time where everything is so close
       | together, as absurd as that sounds.
       | 
       | There will come a time when a civilisation will look up and see
       | only darkness, due to the expansion of the universe.
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | It is not clear to me that the conditions of the universe at
         | that point of increased entropy would be able to support life
        
           | bilekas wrote:
           | Eventually there won't be any life given no stellar body will
           | be in range of a star to support life I guess?
        
           | PUSH_AX wrote:
           | I'm assuming gravity will keep solar systems together? But
           | admittedly know little about it.
        
             | Sander_Marechal wrote:
             | It depends, see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Rip
        
       | mr_mitm wrote:
       | This is very exciting. I was part of the Euclid collaboration
       | roughly ten years ago as a grad student. Finally we can see the
       | fruits of the labor of the many scientists involved. The images
       | are of course very exciting, but I'll be even more excited about
       | the scientific results that will be released in the coming years.
        
         | dwayne_dibley wrote:
         | I work with a lot of space engineers and it blows my tiny mind
         | when they explain that they've got decades of wait from
         | production to operations. Space truly is a collaborative
         | effort.
        
       | seanhunter wrote:
       | Absolutely astonishing. Thank you to everyone involved in this
       | effort. It's completely mindboggling to think it's only 4 hundred
       | years from Kepler deriving the equations of orbital motion to us
       | being able to do this. Just stunning.
        
       | theelous3 wrote:
       | If we're alone in the universe, I'll eat my one and only hat.
        
       | openrisk wrote:
       | my God! it's full of stars! [1] I can't help but think that
       | living and evolving under a starry sky has had a deep impact on
       | our reptile brains and the process is still ongoing. First it was
       | the simple act of looking up to a mysterious, clean and regular
       | clockwork unfolding in the heavens. The fortuitous match of eye
       | structure, atmospheric transparency to certain wavelengths etc.
       | that created a permanent mental stimulus that was complex yet not
       | beyond grasp. Astronomy and the development of Mathematics were
       | closely intertwined in the dawn of civilization [2]. Then it was
       | the invention of the telescope [3], one of our first sensory-
       | extension devices, that marked the beginning of the modern
       | science and technology era. Culminating into the satellite era
       | (detached "eyes" lifted into low-Earth orbits) and the incredible
       | ESA projects like Euclid (looking out at the furtherst reaches of
       | space) and Copernicus [4] (looking back at us and our
       | predicament). It does feel that the process of learning about the
       | universe and our place within it is still in full swing. It is
       | still a great time to be alive!
       | 
       | Small quibble: Credits for the soundtrack are missing.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpretations_of_2001%3A_A_S...
       | 
       | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoastronomy
       | 
       | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_telescope
       | 
       | [4] https://www.copernicus.eu/en/about-
       | copernicus/infrastructure...
        
       | davidwritesbugs wrote:
       | I look at this and think "Huh, maybe I'm not the biggest deal
       | there is."
        
       | 00000z wrote:
       | I dont know whats out there but holy fuck this is amazing
        
         | tobias_irmer wrote:
         | I couldn't have put it any better.
        
       | leokennis wrote:
       | I know next to nothing about "space" but pfeeeew that zoom-out at
       | the end...wow.
        
       | maxehmookau wrote:
       | That's quite a big existential crisis for so early on a Tuesday.
       | Cool as heck though.
        
       | gigatexal wrote:
       | Does anyone know what the music was in the background? Was it
       | random for the video or a known piece?
        
       | netsharc wrote:
       | It feels like stepping into the
       | https://hitchhikers.fandom.com/wiki/Total_Perspective_Vortex
        
       | agomez314 wrote:
       | Can somebody add some GenAI to this to smoothen things out when
       | it zooms in as well as add in some "parallax" effect so that it
       | looks like we go past the closer galaxies to the further ones?
        
       | zzzbra wrote:
       | what is this 2002? Being immediately assailed by sound when
       | clicking a link is not a pleasant experience.
        
       | k3vinw wrote:
       | If only we had a spore drive powered by tardigrades...
        
       | ramijames wrote:
       | I'm so excited for this!
        
       | blinding-streak wrote:
       | Euclid is stationed at L2. I like to think it grabs a drink at
       | the end of the day with other satellites out there like James
       | Webb and Gaia. They discuss the day's discoveries.
        
         | alchemist1e9 wrote:
         | How big approximately is this L2 for practical purposes? Sounds
         | like it will be valuable space-estate one day.
        
           | mr_mitm wrote:
           | Euclid is in orbit around L2 with a radius of around 1.5
           | million km (~1 million miles), so the spacecrafts are quite
           | comfortable there.
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | What proportion of the stars in this survey have been given names
       | (even just gibberish identifiers)? Are there too many for even
       | astronomers to care to bother cataloguing?
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | Most Milky Way stars have been catalogued (to some
         | luminosity/visibility). Wikipedia to the rescue (almost...):
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_catalogue#Gaia_catalogues
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | As another comment says we have a naming system for the Milky
         | Way, but I believe the point of looking above and below the
         | Milky Way is to explicitly find galaxies (/intergalactic
         | forms), not stars. There's commentary on stuff like
         | supermassive black holes at the center of other galaxies, but
         | AFAIK as an amateur, it's not feasible to study individual
         | stars in other galaxies, so we have no need to name the vast
         | majority of them.
         | 
         | It's basically impossible to grasp what looking at a hundred
         | thousand galaxies means, and that's just a small section. It's
         | literally beyond human comprehension.                 In
         | October 2016, deep-field images from the Hubble Space Telescope
         | suggested that there are about 2 trillion galaxies in the
         | observable universe, or about 10 times more galaxies than
         | previously suggested, according to the journal Nature. In an
         | email with Live Science, lead author Christopher Conselice, a
         | professor of astrophysics at the University of Nottingham in
         | the United Kingdom, said there were about 100 million stars in
         | the average galaxy.
         | 
         | Which comes out around 10^24, and even that's "likely an
         | underestimation". The earth's surface area is 10^8 km^2, so
         | naming all the stars would be like naming every spot in an
         | imaginary grid of 0.01mm^2 (!!!) squares covering the whole
         | earth.
         | 
         | Sorry for the rant, I don't get to do any dimensional analysis
         | in my work and miss it from HS chemistry, lol. This kinda stuff
         | makes me want to be a flat earther...
        
       | roymurdock wrote:
       | awesome. thanks for sharing
        
       | dsmurrell wrote:
       | What is that bright patch?
        
       | ratedgene wrote:
       | This is the most beautiful thing I've ever seen in my whole life.
       | I'm just over here worried about small nothings and now I'm
       | filled with an overwhelming feeling that I should be a part of
       | something much larger. Truly inspiring, and a little bitter
       | sweet. :)
        
         | tsujamin wrote:
         | > existential terror has entered the room
        
         | glimshe wrote:
         | When I look to the heavens in awe, thinking about humanity's
         | future and our place in the Universe, I remember that we still
         | have JavaScript and thus very far from space exploration.
        
           | xenospn wrote:
           | Can't wait for SpaceScript!
        
             | lokimedes wrote:
             | Ada
        
           | polishdude20 wrote:
           | Hey JavaScript has been to space!
        
           | araes wrote:
           | That's alright, Javascript already has space travel. [1] And
           | quite a few other software languages [2]: Credit to Andrei
           | Kashcha (Github anvaka) [3] previous post on Hacker News for
           | "Software Galaxies" [2]
           | 
           | Also, to @ratedgene if you feel left out, you should be part
           | of something meaningful. Go join the exploration mission for
           | space travel and astronomy. It's a resume submission away.
           | [4]
           | 
           | Having worked at NASA, the work environment, while critical
           | and argumentative much of the time, is still very much sci-fi
           | fans and the dream of galaxies far far away. If European,
           | then ESA. [5] If Asiatic, possibly JAXA [6], China's space
           | agency [7] is usually off limits to posters on HN.
           | 
           | If not those, how about grants and research in related areas.
           | There are many ways to contribute. [8] Checking, there's
           | currently 18 of 3331 solicitations due in the next 30 days.
           | [9]
           | 
           | [1] https://imgur.com/gallery/dive-into-anything-ghost-js-
           | bIYvFm...
           | 
           | [2] https://anvaka.github.io/pm/#/?_k=4hdian
           | 
           | [3] https://github.com/anvaka
           | 
           | [4] https://www.nasa.gov/careers/
           | 
           | [5] https://www.esa.int/About_Us/Careers_at_ESA
           | 
           | [6] https://global.jaxa.jp/about/employ/index.html
           | 
           | [7] https://www.cnsa.gov.cn/english/
           | 
           | [8] https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/
           | 
           | [9] https://nspires.nasaprs.com/external/solicitations/solici
           | tat...
        
         | uhtred wrote:
         | Yes but what did you work on yesterday, what will you work on
         | today, and are there any blockers?
        
       | lpasselin wrote:
       | Do the captured elements move a lot during this snapshot? since
       | it will take months? Is the difference significant?
        
       | blendertom wrote:
       | Beautiful!
       | 
       | We're just a speck of dust inside a giant's eye
        
       | apercu wrote:
       | Those blacked out areas are totally aliens.
        
       | 727564797069706 wrote:
       | Holy mother of god, this is gorgeous!
       | 
       | It is absolutely incomprehensible how _vast_ the Universe is.
       | 
       | I can only hope one day I'll be reborn as a lifeform who can bend
       | time and space to explore it all.
        
       | Rugu16 wrote:
       | This is just so incredibly beautiful
        
       | standardUser wrote:
       | Every speck of light that doesn't have the 'flare' of a nearby
       | star is not a star, but another galaxy. Sure, the one
       | particularly detailed galaxy they zoomed in on looks cool. But
       | the way they present this is missing the forest for the trees.
        
       | sensanaty wrote:
       | I'm sure it's not a unique experience in any way, but thinking
       | about space and the universe fills me with a weird and
       | overwhelming... Dread? I don't know how to word it, but it feels
       | _terrifying_ thinking about the scale of it all, the numbers
       | involved. So many galaxies, stars, planets. It feels like we have
       | no hope whatsoever of ever seeing anything other than our little
       | comfy nook we have here in our little solar system, and even then
       | the scale involved is just incomprehensible.
       | 
       | I'm always speechless when I see these. Simply mind boggling
        
       | rq1 wrote:
       | What's the data link between the telescope and the ground ?
        
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