[HN Gopher] U.S. border surveillance towers have always been broken
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       U.S. border surveillance towers have always been broken
        
       Author : gslin
       Score  : 118 points
       Date   : 2024-10-21 17:26 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.eff.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.eff.org)
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | Is there some better way to say "a security theater sculpted out
       | of political pork"?
        
         | djbusby wrote:
         | Waste.
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | "Fraud and corruption"
        
         | marcusverus wrote:
         | "United States Federal Government"
        
         | bregma wrote:
         | I dunno. That phrase sounds like poetry to me, why improve it?
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | In the photos, are those normal people's homes around those
       | dystopian towers?
       | 
       | Or are they government-owned buildings, like on a military base?
        
         | wordofx wrote:
         | A lot of people live on the borders. On both sides.
        
       | VectorLock wrote:
       | Sounds like Palmer Luckey is putting that Oculus money to good
       | use. Article mentions Anduril Industries.
        
       | advisedwang wrote:
       | I wonder whether they are simply having cables cut, getting
       | painted over, shot at or any of the other obvious ways to disable
       | an unguarded camera.
        
       | throwme2024 wrote:
       | This article complains a lot about previous-generation, cancelled
       | projects, but doesn't really investigate what's going on with the
       | current surveillance towers or investigate anything at all,
       | really. The linked NBC article explains that the FAA (WTF... yes,
       | the airplane FAA) administer some surveillance towers, and that
       | border patrol agents are mad that there's a big ticket backlog of
       | broken ones to fix. That's pretty much it.
       | 
       | Nobody investigated enough to figure out things like:
       | 
       | * Why the FAA administer the towers and what the actual hold-up
       | is towards getting a fix? Certainly at least the backstory should
       | be public information.
       | 
       | * Why the towers are broken. This is probably sensitive
       | information but I'm sure some of the disgruntled border patrol
       | agents would be willing to have a chat about it.
       | 
       | * Is it a specific generation of tower that's broken? Is it some
       | kind of backend issue, or just rot from deploying electronics
       | into a hostile desert environment full of people trying to
       | destroy them?
       | 
       | * How do the new "AI" towers work? They're probably just drawing
       | boxes around people and items, no?
       | 
       | This is a disappointing and silly article, in my opinion. It
       | doesn't convince me at all that border surveillance overall is a
       | bad idea or a waste of money, just that some old programs turned
       | into pork-barrel debacles. There's no fresh information or
       | anything that would convince me either way on this issue.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | This article is a little schizophrenic. It calls the cameras
       | "wasteful" and "snake oil", yet the referenced NBC article calls
       | them "a crucial tool". It quotes reports about failures of old
       | systems from Boeing and General Dynamics, then implies without
       | evidence that the same criticisms apply to the newer Anduril
       | "AST" systems. There is no allegation that the AST systems are
       | broken at all.
        
         | refulgentis wrote:
         | In the NBC article, "crucial tool" is a non-technical phrase by
         | the article writer, it is not the memo. [1]
         | 
         | The EFF article's expressed intent is first, that there's a
         | history that goes beyond the NBC report. Then, that the history
         | shows reports written by various governmental & non-
         | governmental entities that the tools are not effective.
         | 
         | I'm genuinely curious why that felt schizophrenic. ex. to me,
         | even if "crucial tool" was in a government memo, I'm not sure
         | why the EFF would be schizophrenic for disputing that.
         | 
         | [1] "Nearly one-third of the cameras in the Border Patrol's
         | primary surveillance system along the southern U.S. border are
         | not working, according to an internal agency memo sent in early
         | October, depriving border agents of a crucial tool in combating
         | illegal migrant crossings."
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | One third of cameras not working might mean that there is no
           | camera coverage (because the only working cameras are all
           | pointed at a single storage shed), or it might mean that
           | there is 100% coverage (because of redundancies in coverage.)
           | 
           | Its a data point, but without further context, you can't draw
           | meaningful conclusions.
           | 
           | If I were to take a wild guess, one third of all security
           | cameras in the world are probably not fit for purpose, and
           | yet, the world keeps adding more and more of them. Smile,
           | comrade.
        
             | refulgentis wrote:
             | I'm replying to reinforce that I'm curious about the
             | schizophrenic interpretation.
             | 
             | I don't think working through this further conversations or
             | sheds light.
             | 
             | IMHO it creates the same problem as the initial comment,
             | though the avenue is different ("its too confusing to
             | discuss because the EFF says they're ineffective, but the
             | NBC article contains 'crucial tool" vs. "its not worth
             | discussing because the memo in the NBC article can't be
             | trusted, broken could mean anything")
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | I think you just have to accept that without an actual
               | deep dive into this, you're not going to get the
               | information necessary to have anything more than a vague
               | 'someone told me something about something once' opinion.
               | 
               | It's one thing to argue about results, it's another thing
               | to argue about the minutia of the process that _gets_
               | those results, and who 's at fault for what, and which
               | parts of it need to be fixed up, and which are just not a
               | large priority.
               | 
               | You don't need to be a subject matter expert to know that
               | your city had a power outage, and be pissed about it.
               | 
               | You do need to be one, in order to have an informed
               | opinion on _how_ to best prevent the next one.
        
           | throwme2024 wrote:
           | > I'm not sure why the EFF would be schizophrenic for
           | disputing that.
           | 
           | They don't dispute that. That's what's so weird. The argument
           | boils down to "historic border surveillance tools have been
           | pork-barrel debacles, therefore all border surveillance tools
           | are bad," but the article doesn't even manage to draw a line
           | from the past, cancelled programs to the current program.
        
             | refulgentis wrote:
             | (labelling people A and B, because 1) there'd be layers of
             | >, 2) I want to signal I'm not curious about you and me or
             | a verbal battle, just how someone else reads the article in
             | a way where EFF does not discuss if they are crucial tools)
             | 
             | A: "I'm not sure why the EFF would be schizophrenic for
             | disputing [that the program is a crucial tool]"
             | 
             | B: "They don't dispute that"..."the argument boils down to
             | "historic border surveillance tools have been pork-barrel
             | debacles"
             | 
             | B's two clauses seemed to me to be in direct contradiction
             | at first blush. Ex. "debacles", seems to indicate awareness
             | that they were not "crucial tools"
             | 
             | My steelmanning is that debacle is only meant to cover they
             | were costly. There's numerous bits of the article that go
             | beyond cost. The EFF article cites, inter alia, GAO[1],
             | DHS[2], and RAND[3] saying it wasn't shown to be effective.
             | 
             | [1] In 2017, the GAO complained the Border Patrol's poor
             | data quality made the agency "limited in its ability to
             | determine the mission benefits of its surveillance
             | technologies. In one case, Border Patrol stations in the
             | Rio Grande Valley claimed IFTs assisted in 500 cases in
             | just six months. The problem with that assertion was there
             | are no IFTs in Texas or, in fact, anywhere outside
             | Arizona." [2] CBP is not well-equipped to assess its
             | technology effectiveness to respond to these deficiencies.
             | CBP has been aware of this challenge since at least 2017
             | but lacks a standard process and accurate data to overcome
             | it. [3] RAND Corporation published a study funded by DHS
             | that found "strong evidence" the IFT program was having no
             | impact on apprehension levels at the border
        
       | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
       | > So why does Washington keep supporting surveillance at the
       | border? Why are they proposing record-level funding for a system
       | that seems irreparable? Why have they abandoned their duty to
       | scrutinize federal programs?
       | 
       | This is a problem with all government programs. Not just federal.
       | And not just border programs. The spending involved here is
       | relatively small, and I don't understand why anyone would focus
       | here instead of numerous bigger programs that are wasteful.
       | 
       | > Well, one reason may be that treating problems at the border as
       | humanitarian crises or pursuing foreign policy or immigration
       | reform measures isn't as politically useful as promoting a
       | phantom "invasion" that requires a military-style response.
       | 
       | It's out of character for the EFF to make empty political
       | statements like this. Obviously there is an invasion at the
       | border. There are thousands of videos of people just streaming
       | across land and river crossings, because of poor policing,
       | surveillance, consequences, and yes, the lack of a wall (which
       | many countries have). Addressing this requires a robust wall with
       | surveillance and patrols along its length. In other words, more
       | spending not less.
        
         | BadHumans wrote:
         | Many countries don't have 2000 mile long borders.
        
           | runjake wrote:
           | Many don't but _many_ countries _do_. Take a look at a world
           | map and then note how many other countries have such long
           | borders with countries with whom they have some sort of
           | adversarial risk with.
           | 
           | I took a very quick look and stopped after a couple dozen and
           | still had plenty to go. This is a problem not remotely unique
           | to the US.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | The only land borders longer than the US-Mexico border are:
             | US-Canada, Russia-Kazakhstan, Russia-Mongolia, Mongolia-
             | China, Russia-China, Chile-Argentina, Bolivia-Brazil,
             | India-China, and India-Bangladesh.
             | 
             | Furthermore, the disparity between the US and Mexico in GDP
             | per capita is pretty stark--over a 3x difference, far more
             | than any other pair of countries with such a long land
             | border. The next largest difference is India-China, and
             | that's not a pairing that's conducive to economic
             | migration, unlike the US-Mexico border.
        
               | nathancahill wrote:
               | Are you looking at single country pairings for the border
               | size?
               | 
               | The closest comparison, both in border length and
               | economic gap is EU/non-EU, when you look at the size of
               | the border along the Mediterranean and the Balkans.
               | 
               | Another close comparison is South Africa, 4,862 km border
               | (compared to US-Mexico at 3,145 km). Huge economic gap
               | and even larger migration numbers.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Here's an example I've seen with my own eyes.
               | 
               | An onsite oil rig chemical engineer for
               | https://www.slb.com/ starts at $17k/year in Mexico but
               | $150k in USA for the same job doing one month on, two
               | week off land rig rotations.
               | 
               | You make more money in the US working minimum wage than
               | you do in most jobs in Mexico as a high skilled graduate
               | of a good university like https://tec.mx.
        
               | runjake wrote:
               | I'm counting long borders as borders between country A
               | and multiple other countries, with a focus on notable
               | security issues[1] related to borders.
               | 
               | One timely example might be Ukraine, with the
               | Belarus/Russia border, where Belarus is a proxy for
               | Russia.
               | 
               | 1. Contraband, espionage, aggression, anti-proliferation,
               | proxy attacks, etc etc.
        
             | benopal64 wrote:
             | Is the border an actual problem though? Specifically
             | speaking to the US border.
             | 
             | Is migration the number one problem that Americans struggle
             | with? Or even in the top ten concerns, your average
             | American holds?
             | 
             | I have not had a single issue with migration or an
             | immigrant, ever. I've never met a single person, in the US,
             | with a material issue related to migration or immigration.
             | I have never felt worried about being near a
             | migrant/immigrant based on who they are or their behavior.
        
               | i80and wrote:
               | Makes for an excellent easy-to-sell bogeyman, though.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | I guess you could guage how necessary it is based on your
               | opinion of how useful you find customs, import/export
               | restrictions, etc.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | > Is migration the number one problem that Americans
               | struggle with? Or even in the top ten concerns, your
               | average American holds?
               | 
               | Per recent polling [1], it's the sixth most important
               | issue. It's consistently been raised as one of the top
               | concerns in polling data going back as far as I have
               | political consciousness, although a decent part of the
               | existence of that concern is effectively a dog whistle
               | for racism.
               | 
               | > Is the border an actual problem though?
               | 
               | The border itself isn't the problem; the actual problem
               | lays in the extremely fucked-up nature of the US
               | immigration system (and the actual problems are almost
               | nothing like what people are complaining about). Even for
               | as long as immigration has been a major political concern
               | in the US, the border "solutions" have for as long been
               | lampooned for the fact that they are doing absolutely
               | nothing to actually fix the problem, even as politicians
               | double down on proposing harsher solutions to fix the
               | thing that isn't the problem.
               | 
               | [1]
               | https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2024/09/09/issues-
               | and-t...
        
               | drivebyhooting wrote:
               | It is a problem if you want welfare and government health
               | care programs. An influx of unskilled hungry huddled
               | masses that don't even pay into the tax system will drag
               | everyone's living standards down.
               | 
               | Even if they DO pay taxes it is likely that on average
               | illegal immigration would burden the social safety net.
               | 
               | And none of this gets into the second order effects of
               | immigrants increasing the supply of labor.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | I don't follow this. I would imagine an influx of
               | extremely cheap labor would raise everyone else's living
               | standards, not lower them. Because everything is cheaper
               | to produce. That's why Dubai has extremely extravagant
               | places put right next to pseudo-slave's shanties.
        
               | drivebyhooting wrote:
               | Everyone? You can't imagine a situation where the surplus
               | from the cheap labor is captured by a few capitalists
               | while the rest suffer?
               | 
               | I'm not saying that is happening but it doesn't take much
               | imagination to see it could happen.
               | 
               | Also if you actually have to interface with clearly
               | illegal cheap labor (landscaping, construction, low
               | quality catering) you'll see the pattern: a kingpin
               | immigrant who only hires other immigrants with little to
               | no English and a preference for being paid in cash.
        
         | consteval wrote:
         | There's a very simple and effective way to completely stop the
         | immigration "crisis". The root cause is immigrating coming here
         | for jobs.
         | 
         | Okay, now if you're an American company and you hire illegal
         | immigrants, everyone goes to jail. Within a year, the problem
         | will disappear.
         | 
         | Nobody would actually suggest this though, let alone the right.
         | It's politically advantageous to keep around cheap pseudo-slave
         | labor while simultaneously espousing semi-fascist narratives
         | about "an enemy inside" (spooky!)
        
       | doe_eyes wrote:
       | I generally side with the EFF, but I find the article weirdly
       | duplicitous. It's framed as a criticism of government waste, but
       | would the EFF be happy if the government built a more effective
       | surveillance system at the border? Of course not.
       | 
       | If they wanted to make some sort of a precise argument against
       | border surveillance, they failed to do so in this write-up.
       | "Public contracts are rife with grift, so the government
       | shouldn't be doing stuff" isn't likely to change too many minds.
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | > I generally side with the EFF, but I find the article weirdly
         | duplicitous. It's framed as a criticism of government waste,
         | but would the EFF be happy if the government built a more
         | effective surveillance system at the border? Of course not.
         | 
         | Right. Israel has towers like this. But theirs have guns.[1]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.globalresearch.ca/israels-remote-occupation-
         | wome...
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | > Well, one reason may be that treating problems at the border
         | as humanitarian crises or pursuing foreign policy or
         | immigration reform measures isn't as politically useful as
         | promoting a phantom "invasion" that requires a military-style
         | response. Another reason may be that tech companies and
         | military contractors wield immense amounts of influence and
         | stand to make millions, if not billions, profiting off border
         | surveillance. The price is paid by taxpayers, but also in the
         | civil liberties of border communities and the human rights of
         | asylum seekers and migrants.
         | 
         | They are claiming it is an ineffective solution to the problem,
         | conceptually, that is perpetuated by bad political and lobbyist
         | incentives.
         | 
         | The position is not that it does not work well enough. The
         | position is that it would not be a viable solution regardless
         | of the quality of execution. Therefore we should stop allowing
         | corrupt and fear mongering politicians from manipulating public
         | optics to support these surveillance companies.
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | > The position is not that it does not work well enough. The
           | position is that it would not be a viable solution regardless
           | of the quality of execution.
           | 
           | That's definitely the implication, but it doesn't really
           | substantiate this, as far as I can tell.
           | 
           | "Past iterations were filled with pork, therefore future ones
           | must be as well, therefore this conceptually cannot work."
           | 
           | For example, the RAND study that they said showed "strong
           | evidence" that IFTs were having no effect actually... doesn't
           | say that at all.
           | 
           | IFTs actually _lowered_ apprehension levels, to which RAND
           | says,  "we conclude that there is strong evidence for the
           | presence of a _deterrent effect_ as migrants choose to avoid
           | areas surveilled by IFTs--a proposition for which there is
           | also qualitative evidence outside the data. "
           | 
           | Then it goes onto say that for every other technology type,
           | they _increased_ apprehension levels, i.e. they worked. They
           | didn 't seem clear on why IFTs behave differently.
        
       | autoexec wrote:
       | I'm a big fan of the EFF but this article basically comes down to
       | "X Y and Z were designed to solve problem A and they were
       | implemented poorly therefore problem A is unsolvable and no one
       | should even try to address problem A"
       | 
       | This is especially ridiculous when the failures of X Y and Z came
       | from administration issues (failures of oversight), picking
       | shitty contractors, buying faulty equipment, etc. all of which
       | are solvable/preventable.
       | 
       | The takeaway of these past failures shouldn't be that securing
       | the border is impossible and not worth even attempting. The
       | takeaway should be that programs need to be meaningfully and
       | intelligently invested in (maybe going with the lowest bidder or
       | your personal friends/donors isn't always a good idea), and that
       | there needs to be oversight and accountability to make sure that
       | those funds aren't being wasted or pocketed by corrupt public
       | servants and private contractors to ensure that systems are
       | implemented correctly and maintained.
       | 
       | Of course it's going to take "record-level funding" to implement
       | a massive solution when previous attempts were entirely half-
       | assed, designed to attract and allow for corruption, and then
       | neglected. Congressional leaders and the American public should
       | be shocked and outraged at the money that's been wasted and they
       | should be working to design a system that avoids those pitfalls
       | and actually does the job right. Ideally we should also be
       | tracking down the people responsible for those past failures and
       | holding them accountable too where it's possible.
        
         | jncfhnb wrote:
         | The thesis of the article is:
         | 
         | > Surveillance at the U.S.-Mexico border is a wasteful endeavor
         | that is ill-equipped to respond to an ill-defined problem.
         | 
         | This article cites efforts of doing this all the way back to
         | 1997. The critical problem is not that the cameras are
         | literally broken, although they seem to have struggled with
         | this, but the fact that the cameras have not shown to improve
         | operational results.
         | 
         | An intelligently designed program would try to learn from these
         | decades of trying the same thing unsuccessfully and try
         | something else.
         | 
         | Before confidently claiming that the problem was the quality of
         | the execution, you should try to present some evidence that
         | this solution is a sensible one. Claiming it would work if it
         | was better is something you can do indefinitely with no
         | evidence.
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | The fact that past programs failed to collect good data or
           | failed to make good use of the data they were getting does
           | not imply that having data is unlikely to improve operational
           | results.
           | 
           | I think it's plainly obvious that if your goal is to stop
           | people from illegally crossing the border, then monitoring
           | that border is a necessity. We could hire humans to stand all
           | day in watchtowers and scan for people sneaking in with just
           | their human eyes, but (working) cameras have a lot of obvious
           | advantages.
           | 
           | There is plenty of evidence and data showing that cameras can
           | be a highly effective part of solutions to the problem of
           | monitoring. There are countless companies, governments, and
           | individuals using cameras right now with great success.
           | Cameras are not an unproven technology and their usefulness
           | is not theoretical.
           | 
           | I don't think that anyone would be opposed to a better option
           | that would eliminate the need for cameras and sensors, but if
           | one exists I've never heard of it. Cameras and sensors seem
           | to be the best options we have. The cameras and sensors (when
           | they were functioning) were never the problem with past
           | systems. Those past problems were more like "We paid for a
           | bunch of cameras but we never budgeted for anyone to respond
           | to them, or to maintain them, or to maintain the systems we
           | need to collect data from them". Those are all very solvable
           | problems which shouldn't have happened in the first place.
        
             | michaelt wrote:
             | Seems to me if you see someone crossing the border
             | illegally that's only really useful if you can apprehend
             | them before you lose track of them.
             | 
             | How would you propose to respond to detections, if the
             | cameras all worked?
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | By sending border patrol out to collect them.
               | 
               | As much as people hate the idea of a wall, and the entire
               | concept has become politicized, it would make that
               | process a lot easier, but the truth is that if you're
               | going to monitor a border and prevent people from
               | illegally crossing it, that will involve humans having to
               | drive/fly out to wherever there are people who are
               | illegally crossing in order to turn them away or
               | arrest/process/deport them.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | What would that mean in terms of camera coverage, and
               | border patrol coverage?
               | 
               | Will the border patrol get there in, say, 20 minutes? And
               | we have cameras covering all the land within 20 minutes
               | of the border, so we don't lose them in that time?
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Yeah, it'd mean you need enough camera to cover the area
               | and you need to have enough people on the ground to reach
               | the people crossing within a reasonable amount of time.
               | There are somethings you can do to slow them down (walls
               | for one) and things you can do keep an eye on them while
               | people are being sent out to make contact (cameras,
               | drones, planes, helicopters, satellites, etc.).
               | 
               | More people on the ground does cost money, but the good
               | news is that those government jobs would be a real boon
               | for people living near the border.
        
               | fzeroracer wrote:
               | Are you familiar with how large the jurisdiction claimed
               | by the CBP is? It's 100 miles from any border of the
               | country [1]. What exactly counts as enough camera
               | coverage? Should we just cover one border? Do we need to
               | expand this to the Canadian border as illegal crossings
               | increase up there as well? Should we blanket the majority
               | of the population in these cameras now that we've
               | established how big their jurisdiction is despite low
               | evidence of their usefulness for their actual job?
               | 
               | [1] https://www.aclu.org/know-your-rights/border-zone
        
               | throwaway19972 wrote:
               | > Seems to me if you see someone crossing the border
               | illegally that's only really useful if you can apprehend
               | them before you lose track of them.
               | 
               | Will nobody acknowledge how ridiculous a concept absolute
               | security of a border is? Nobody would want what this
               | would actual look like--extremely violent and expensive
               | with little benefit to anyone.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | You think it would be better to have an open boarder? No
               | other country seems to think that's a good idea.
               | 
               | What do you think the ideal solution should look like?
               | Keep in mind that you'll have to defend against or allow
               | into the country economic migrants looking for higher
               | wages, millions of truly desperate climate refugees who
               | don't have homes to go back to, as well as terrorists and
               | criminals.
        
               | artimaeis wrote:
               | Consider the spectrum:
               | 
               | Absolute border security - it is literally impossible by
               | land/sea/air/tunnel to cross into the US territory from
               | Mexico without rapid detection and response.
               | 
               | ...
               | 
               | Open border - the US does not impede general traffic from
               | Mexico, bringing certain goods remains illegal but
               | enforcement of this is limited to additional penalties
               | after apprehension.
               | 
               | We are pretty far from both of those right now. I don't
               | think the person you initially replied to was arguing for
               | an open border. But surely it's not an ideal use of
               | resources to stop all of these border based crimes in
               | real time?
               | 
               | Most people are not crossing illegally. Those that do are
               | going to have to actively evade those consequences as
               | long as they continue an unpermitted stay. How much of
               | our GDP should we spend to move "up" that spectrum? What
               | benefits are we gaining by doing so? What consequences do
               | we face?
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Exactly. Once "the border" became politicized, very few
               | people allow themselves to think in terms of a spectrum.
               | They just stand up a straw man on either extreme end and
               | argue against it.
               | 
               | Almost nobody is arguing for absolute open borders or
               | absolute closed borders.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | > What benefits are we gaining by doing so? What
               | consequences do we face?
               | 
               | Just ask any city that has had to deal with a massive
               | unexpected influx of people. Try NYC for example: https:/
               | /www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2023/08/09/nyc-ma...
               | 
               | Hospitals, schools, infrastructure, social services,
               | housing, they all depend on planning for funding and to
               | keep pace with population avoid being overrun. Things are
               | bad enough right now with the massive numbers of economic
               | migrants coming into the country, but once there are
               | literal billions of climate refugees things will be much
               | worse unless we are prepared.
               | 
               | Now is the time to invest in the regulation of
               | immigration and defense of our borders so that we can
               | safely accommodate as many of the people climate change
               | displaces as we can. We also need to be thinking about
               | what climate change will do to populations within the US.
               | 
               | See for example:
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/09/15/magazine/c
               | lim...
               | 
               | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/climate-change-
               | america-3-millio...
               | 
               | If you think it isn't worth the investment, even in low
               | cost expenses like cameras, I can only imagine you aren't
               | living near the boarder or aren't considering the refugee
               | crisis that is coming.
        
               | smegger001 wrote:
               | No one? the EU seems to have done well with all of their
               | member states opening boarders to theirs neighboring
               | members.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | No one in the EU has open borders. They have agreements
               | with neighbors, much in the same way you can drive to a
               | neighboring state in the US without much restriction, but
               | interstate travel in the US and citizens of the EU going
               | over the border for a holiday are very different from the
               | situation we have with our southern border (and even with
               | our northern border).
        
               | krisoft wrote:
               | > No one in the EU has open borders.
               | 
               | The relevant border policies inside the EU are literally
               | called open borders. I don't know what would you call
               | open borders if not what we have between EU countries.
               | 
               | > interstate travel in the US and citizens of the EU
               | going over the border for a holiday are very different
               | from the situation we have with our southern border
               | 
               | This is undeniable.
        
               | kmeisthax wrote:
               | EU internal migration is _relatively_ non-controversial,
               | at least after the UK left the bloc and people realized
               | how much of a trainwreck leaving the EU would be. Brexit
               | happened mainly because English speakers are painfully
               | stubborn monolingualists.
               | 
               | On the other hand, EU external immigration is _extremely_
               | controversial. Huge parts of the EU have an extreme far-
               | right that 's polling _extremely well_ , and the
               | liberal/centrist parties are all bowing to them by
               | basically copypasting their entire external immigration
               | playbook. The two major fronts in the EU immigration
               | debate boil down to "do we _just_ turn away all asylum
               | seekers or do we start deporting citizens we don 't like
               | too?"
               | 
               | The reason why this happened is that the EU _suuuuucks_
               | at integrating external migrants, especially from poorer
               | countries. I think I saw a statistic which was that,
               | like, Turks that move to the US hate the shit out of
               | Erdogan as much as native-born Americans do, but those
               | that move to Germany wind up loving him more than those
               | that didn 't emigrate[0]. Or something like that. The US
               | at least has family migration, which means we've spent
               | the last 50 years learning how to integrate basically
               | everyone, which is the kind of institutional experience
               | the EU's member states lack.
               | 
               | [0] Like to the point of joining hilariously (and
               | illegally) far-right biker gangs
        
               | wyldberry wrote:
               | Patiently waiting for the list of successful countries
               | that don't control access to their resources via borders.
        
               | Aloisius wrote:
               | Dispatch a drone to follow until agents can respond?
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | this is a sociopolitical problem, not a technical one.
               | 
               | for instance, face recognition works, especially if we
               | are tolerant of a very small % of false positives.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _How would you propose to respond to detections, if the
               | cameras all worked?_
               | 
               | Facial-recognition scan plus rudimentary SIGINT to
               | identify any _e.g._ cell phones or devices broadcasting a
               | MAC address. I don 't like it, less because of what it
               | means at the border and more in that it requires, for
               | step two, doing the same surveillance across the country.
               | But it's not unsolveable. We just don't particularly have
               | consensus it should be solved.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | > We just don't particularly have consensus it should be
               | solved.
               | 
               | I think that is going to change as increasingly people
               | see for themselves the negative impacts of unchecked
               | immigration. I fear that most people won't be personally
               | impacted until the worst of it hits (due to climate
               | change) and by then it'll be too late to make the
               | sensible preparations needed to offset the coming refugee
               | crisis.
               | 
               | I'm not a fan of domestic surveillance either, and
               | hopefully we can place limits on its use internally to
               | minimize the impacts to citizens within the US.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _think that is going to change as increasingly people
               | see for themselves the negative impacts of unchecked
               | immigration_
               | 
               | Doubtful. Wealthy communities profit from the wage
               | disparity and can afford to insulate themselves from the
               | problem. And the voters most animated by this remain
               | hyper-responsive to performative solutions.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | If you take a step back, cameras merely recording when
               | and where people cross the border can still be very
               | useful.
               | 
               | That way you can move your enforcement crews to where
               | most people enter. That won't catch all, of course, but
               | should be more performant than guessing.
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | It's not plainly obvious at all. Because the border is
             | fucking huge, surrounded by a vast, inhospitable desert. It
             | can be tunneled under and/or more simply just trafficked
             | through the formal crossings.
             | 
             | There are some areas where cameras make sense. There are
             | some areas where guards make sense. There are vast tracts
             | where it's an idiotic idea.
             | 
             | The bigger question though is whether other approaches
             | besides just trying to catch and stop people could be
             | better.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | The fact that the boarder is huge does not mean that
               | monitoring it is not necessary or that it is impossible.
               | The fact that tunnels exist doesn't either. We have the
               | technology to detect tunnels and tunneling. The fact that
               | people sneak past at busy check points doesn't make the
               | situation not worth trying to address.
               | 
               | Every area where a person could cross can and should be
               | monitored. Walls, cameras, drones, satellites, sensors,
               | and guards are all valid tools for border protection. The
               | question just comes down to where and how they are
               | deployed and maintained.
               | 
               | > The bigger question though is whether other approaches
               | besides just trying to catch and stop people could be
               | better.
               | 
               | No one so far has managed to come up with an anything
               | better. Have you?
        
               | NineStarPoint wrote:
               | I've always thought the real answer was to stop the
               | businesses from hiring people. Make an actually useful
               | national ID system that employers can use to identify if
               | someone is allowed to work in the US, and then come down
               | like the hammer of god on anyone found to be employing
               | people under the table.
               | 
               | People come here for economic opportunity. Remove the
               | opportunity for people who enter without permission, and
               | they stop coming. And that sort of solution deals with
               | more than just border crossings.
        
               | jkestner wrote:
               | Yes, you could stop it at the point of demand. I remember
               | AZ implemented eVerify or some such, don't know what
               | effect or loopholes it had. In Texas:
               | Whenever Texas politicians threaten to pass laws that
               | would make it harder for businesses to employ
               | undocumented workers, phones in the Capitol start
               | ringing. Stuck with the need to show their base that
               | they're cracking down on migrants, politicians, including
               | Abbott, have instead found a middle ground: They keep up
               | their bombast regarding the border, but they avoid
               | stringing any razor wire between undocumented immigrants
               | and jobs in the state's interior.
               | 
               | https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/border-crisis-
               | tex...
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | I agree that that would stop a lot of the people crossing
               | illegally today. It's a great idea! I wouldn't help with
               | people crossing for criminal activity and it ignores the
               | looming threat of billions of climate refugees coming
               | because their survival depends on gaining entrance into
               | another country.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | There is actually a large volume of research on what
               | would work better than walls and surveillance systems.
               | Scaremongering politicians don't care to mention it.
               | 
               | The number one observation is that ports of entries are
               | the largest area for illegal entry and violence and drug
               | smuggling. Expediting bureaucracy there and improving the
               | staffing of these areas would be far more effective than
               | cameras watching the desert or god forbid some idiot's
               | delusion of "walls"
               | 
               | I'm not even arguing the politics of this. Focus the
               | efforts on areas that are actual sources of problems.
               | Stop appealing to idiots who want imagery of guns and
               | fortifications. That's not effective operations. The
               | southern border patrol is underfunded. Adding more people
               | to help manage the hotspots is more effective than
               | cameras in cold spots.
        
               | thechao wrote:
               | I had a great-grandfather that was sent along the
               | Southern border to try to map it -- he was a surveyor. A
               | lot of times he'd be at the top of a canyon, and the next
               | place to drop the pin would be at the bottom. He'd just
               | chuck the pin into the canyon and mark the point as
               | "passable by neither man nor mule".
               | 
               | People who've never visited the border -- especially in
               | the western bits of it -- have very little idea how
               | absolutely inhospitable it is.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | The good news is that there aren't a lot of illegal
               | crossings to worry about at those absolutely inhospitable
               | "passable by neither man nor mule" locations. That means
               | that they can be electronically monitored but otherwise
               | more or less left alone while the focus can be on those
               | areas where people absolutely can and regularly do cross.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Or they could be ignored entirely and resources could be
               | diverted into more effective measures
               | 
               | Do you see the nonsense of your own argument? You're
               | advocating for surveillance installations into a place
               | that you think is easily ignored
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | This is a bigger part of the answer than most realize.
               | 
               | The border is some of the most rugged and remote terrain
               | on Earth. A lot (most?) of it is in country not well
               | served by paved roads, cell service, electricity, etc.
               | Even if you could have some sort of magic sensor network
               | that alerted you with perfect accuracy every time someone
               | crossed the border, the logistics of responding to every
               | single crossing are incredibly hard. There are plenty of
               | sections where there isn't even a road on the border.
               | 
               | How are you going to respond to a border crossing alert
               | 10+ miles from the nearest agent, in terrain where it
               | will take hours to get there by land?
        
             | dfxm12 wrote:
             | _I think it 's plainly obvious that if your goal is to stop
             | people from illegally crossing the border, then monitoring
             | that border is a necessity._
             | 
             | This is the goal of fewer people in power than you think,
             | and keep in mind there is more border than the one between
             | Mexico and the US. Most undocumented people have flown here
             | and simply overstayed their visa. On the other hand,
             | congress has been saber rattling about the southern border
             | my entire life and has done little about it. It's useful as
             | a wedge issue though, so from time to time, you'll see some
             | spending a lot of money on walls and towers that just
             | aren't very effective (and maybe callously separate some
             | kids form their families).
             | 
             | On the other hand, undocumented people pay billions in
             | taxes, work for cheap and make services (like dining,
             | construction, landscaping, cosmetology, etc.) cheaper. The
             | monied and political classes want to keep this status quo.
        
               | kurthr wrote:
               | How can you make political hay out of a solved problem?
               | 
               | Solving it, now that would be a BIG PROBLEM! If it's not
               | immigrants then you would have to blame someone else
               | and/or more explicitly cite race/ethnicity/religion.
               | 
               | Seriously, when you have a significant group of people
               | regularly claiming on TV that 20million people have
               | illegally entered the country in the last 4 years, that's
               | both hilarious and dangerous.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | > a significant group of people regularly claiming on TV
               | that 20million people have illegally entered the country
               | in the last 4 years,
               | 
               | Plus all of them _somehow_ managing to cast totally-
               | undetectable votes in elections, traveling to specific
               | swing states, for no direct gain to themselves even
               | though getting caught would mean deportation, while
               | uniformly maintaining superhuman levels of discipline and
               | secrecy.  /s
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | It's true that government has been willing to be lax in
               | terms of border security because they want to exploit
               | illegal immigrants as basically slave labor. Personally I
               | think having a large underclass of easily exploitable
               | poor people who don't have the rights and protections the
               | rest of us enjoy is abhorrent and morally unjustifiable.
               | 
               | It has led to this situation where token gestures are
               | made, largely to appease the Americans living in/near
               | border towns and suffering under the weight of the
               | negative consequences.
               | 
               | I don't know how long they'll be able to pay lip service
               | to the problem though. There will be literal billions of
               | climate refugees coming in the near future and they won't
               | be economic migrants looking for higher wages. They will
               | be genuinely desperate and for them getting past the
               | border of another country will be a matter of survival.
               | With a well secured border and carefully regulated
               | immigration the US should be able to take a lot of those
               | refugees in without being overwhelmed by them. If we're
               | not prepared for it in advance, what we'll be left with
               | will be far from the status quo the shortsighted have
               | been trying so hard to preserve.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _an ill-defined problem_
           | 
           | The problem is unauthorized border crossings. What about that
           | is ill defined?
        
             | jncfhnb wrote:
             | Well, you've presented an elementary level view of the
             | problem. The issue is that solving a problem effectively
             | often requires defining the problem and its mechanics and
             | drivers in greater detail to identify solutions that are to
             | fit to address the nuances of the issue.
             | 
             | Otherwise you end up with billions of dollars spent on a
             | useless wall.
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | In the interests of optimization: maybe we could just not?
         | Seems like the Occam solution here would just be to (1)
         | rigorously enforce employment eligibility for all employers
         | (not employees!), something that is done routinely at the
         | salaried level already and has an existing bureaucracy in place
         | and (2) hand out green cards like candy for people working
         | positions for which there are openings. Problem solved, QED. No
         | border towers needed, and "illegal" migration stops at exactly
         | the level where it's required, because migrants obviously won't
         | come in excess of the jobs available.
         | 
         | Obviously that's not the actual problem you're trying to solve,
         | because the actual problem is political and ethnographic (c.f.
         | Musk's thread that this will be the "last election" because of
         | something to do with demographic change). But this is HN, and
         | it seems like it's worth discussing actual solutions.
        
           | autoexec wrote:
           | The illegal immigration problem can't be solved purely by
           | making sure that anyone coming into the country illegally
           | cannot be employed. Too many jobs are paid under the table
           | and while almost all of the people entering illegally today
           | are economic migrants looking for higher paying jobs, in the
           | very near future we'll be looking at floods of climate
           | refugees who literally won't have homes to go back to. Having
           | otherwise open borders or just handing out green cards to
           | anyone who asks also fails to address security concerns. No
           | matter what, we need to be able to monitor and regulate who
           | is coming in to the country and what they are bringing in
           | with them (drugs, weapons, human trafficking victims, etc).
           | 
           | I agree that we should be strongly enforcing employment
           | eligibility as well and that it would do a lot of good, but
           | doing that won't mean that we can just leave our borders open
           | and unmonitored.
        
             | ajross wrote:
             | > The immigration problem can't be solved
             | 
             | Seems, again, like you need to first define what "the
             | immigration problem" really is. I mean, if you mean it like
             | I think you mean it, the truth is a lot of us don't think
             | that's a problem worth solving at all. This isn't the
             | forum, obviously, but maybe step back and have some
             | discussions across the aisle before planning out policy.
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | It seems like the people who don't think illegal
               | immigration is a problem in the first place are living
               | very far from the border and don't see the impacts, or
               | are unaware of the impending crisis of billions of
               | extremely desperate climate refugees, or don't consider
               | the risks or criminals and terrorists entering and
               | leaving the country without any record to be a legitimate
               | concern.
        
               | ajross wrote:
               | With all respect, that sounds like a campaign speech, so
               | I'm almost guaranteed to tune it out. Do you have links
               | that quantify all that stuff to demonstrate why it's a
               | problem?
        
               | autoexec wrote:
               | Massive numbers of people suddenly showing up in your
               | town is a real problem:
               | 
               | https://www.npr.org/2023/11/08/1211632902/major-cities-
               | are-s...
               | 
               | https://www.forbes.com/sites/mollybohannon/2023/08/09/nyc
               | -ma...
               | 
               | https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/denver-struggles-
               | cope-4...
               | 
               | Climate refugees are coming and it's a problem:
               | 
               | https://www.cnn.com/2020/09/10/world/climate-global-
               | displace...
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/07/23/magazine/c
               | lim...
               | 
               | https://www.wired.com/story/migration-climate-
               | environment-re...
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _the people who don 't think illegal immigration is a
               | problem in the first place are living very far from the
               | border_
               | 
               | I used to live in New York. It didn't hit home until we
               | had our own refugee crisis. This is absolutely something
               | you don't get a handle on until you've seen it in person.
               | (We also have a bad habit of conflating legal high-
               | skilled immigration, legal low-skilled immigration,
               | refugees, asylum seekers and illegal migrants.)
        
               | HaZeust wrote:
               | While I get where you're coming from, I think there's a
               | middle ground that isn't just "let everyone in" or "shut
               | it all down." One idea is a market-based immigration
               | system--basically, you pay an entry fee to immigrate,
               | which adjusts based on things like age. So younger people
               | who have their whole working lives ahead of them would
               | pay less, older folks would pay more.
               | 
               | This could replace the broken discretionary system we
               | have now, where it's all about family ties and not what
               | we need economically. Plus, it would cut down on
               | smuggling, raise a ton of revenue, and make immigration
               | more efficient. It's a practical way to let people in,
               | without completely open borders, and would bring in the
               | workers we actually need.
               | 
               | It's not about scrapping border security--just rethinking
               | how we approach immigration to make it work better for
               | everyone.
        
       | TimTheTinker wrote:
       | Sounds like a job for the NSA. With their surveillance apparatus,
       | data lake, and analysis tools, they'd be able to make quick work
       | of tracking and apprehending illegal border entries...
       | 
       | That would be a much better way to spend their time and money
       | than invading the privacy of actual US citizens.
        
       | smittywerben wrote:
       | The EFF has yearly events celebrating the life of Aaron Swartz.
       | I'm afraid to state a theory of what happened. I don't know what
       | to think. Is that what happened?
        
       | bitcurious wrote:
       | It's incredibly frustrating that at a certain size non-profits
       | seemingly loose the ability to focus on the issues that built
       | them. The EFF no business chiming in on immigration policies -
       | sick to tech and information freedom.
        
         | tech_ken wrote:
         | > sick to tech and information freedom
         | 
         | Do you not understand that the tools the government uses to
         | control non-citizens are turned inward all the time? Military
         | tech is tech, surveillance tech is tech. They are not chiming
         | in on 'immigration policies', they are chiming in on technology
         | used to actually implement those policies. If all you care
         | about is not having tracking pixels in your personal consumer
         | browser you're going to miss the most dangerous encroachments
         | on your freedom.
        
       | tw04 wrote:
       | The whole thing is kind of silly IMO, and all political theater.
       | 
       | What is the problem statement? If the problem statement is:
       | people are coming into this country illegally, and we need to
       | stop that, then the next question is: why are they coming here?
       | 
       | If the answer is: to find work because there are no opportunities
       | at home - that's easy to solve. Anyone caught employing illegal
       | immigrants gets mandatory prison time. You would find the work
       | would very, very quickly dry up removing the basic reason for
       | coming here.
       | 
       | Folks fleeing political violence aren't illegal, they have a
       | valid political asylum claim and will be processed much quicker
       | when the illegal folks are no longer flooding the border.
        
         | Yeul wrote:
         | You can have a undocumented immigrant from Nicaragua mow you
         | lawn or hire a fully compliant landscaping company- who will
         | probably still employ an undocumented migrant.
         | 
         | I myself have paid handymen under the table.
        
           | TrapLord_Rhodo wrote:
           | I think the OP's point was that you are part of the problem,
           | and that the landscaping CEO should go to jail.
           | 
           | I'm an American who has lived and worked in Mexico. I found
           | it quite funny that the Mexicans i worked with always
           | complained about the Guatemalans coming over the border and
           | how they needed better border security.
           | 
           | i'm of the opinion that freedom and abortion rights are more
           | important to Americans than being at population replacement
           | rates so our only hope of surviving as a nation is with a
           | huge influx of legal immigrants.
           | 
           | We need to build a border & make it much easier to become a
           | US citizen while making it a felony for hiring an
           | undocumented immigrant.
        
       | 1024core wrote:
       | They (Congress? GAO? DHS? ) should have a separate department
       | certify and monitor these sensors. Make it this department's sole
       | job to keep this sensor network running properly.
        
       | tcdent wrote:
       | > Boeing was the main contractor blamed for SBINet's failure
       | 
       | Why is this not surprising anymore?
        
       | Zigurd wrote:
       | Net migration between the US and Mexico is small. Pew research
       | numbers:
       | 
       |  _An estimated 870,000 Mexican migrants came to the U.S. between
       | 2013 and 2018, while an estimated 710,000 left the U.S. for
       | Mexico during that period. That translates to net migration of
       | about 160,000 people from Mexico to the U.S., according to
       | government data from both countries._
       | 
       | That's 160,000 net in-migration from Mexico over 5 years. How
       | much would you spend to bring that to zero?
       | 
       | You might think a bunch of tech people would profile performance
       | before deciding what to optimize.
        
         | mhuffman wrote:
         | If you mean people that lived in Mexico, that may be. If you
         | mean people that crossed from Mexico into the US across the
         | Southern Border, those numbers are dwarfed. These are just the
         | numbers that we know for sure from observation or
         | interaction[0]
         | 
         | [0]https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/southwest-land-border-
         | enc...
        
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