[HN Gopher] Knocker uppers: Waking up the workers in industrial ...
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       Knocker uppers: Waking up the workers in industrial Britain (2016)
        
       Author : DrZootron
       Score  : 82 points
       Date   : 2024-10-19 10:27 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bbc.com)
        
       | Xophmeister wrote:
       | I'm glad the subtitle was included. "Knocker upper" has a very
       | different meaning to me.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | They didn't come from a knocking shop.
        
         | hallway_monitor wrote:
         | Etymology is very interesting. It makes me wonder if there's
         | any relation to today's slang for being pregnant, knocked up.
        
       | madaxe_again wrote:
       | A hangover from this, mid-late 90's boarding school in the U.K.,
       | one of the fags (household duties for first and second years -
       | one-on-one fagging no longer officially existed, but did) was
       | knocking up. Just comprised walking the corridors and banging on
       | everyone's doors at 7:00-7:15 (seniors later, head of house
       | last), as the bells weren't audible in much of the house.
       | 
       | It was a doss fag - by mutual agreement we came to the
       | arrangement that whoever was on milk would also do the knocking
       | up, as everyone got mandatory milk at the same time anyway, so
       | ironically, whoever was on knocking up used to get to lie in for
       | the week.
        
         | ahoka wrote:
         | I find it fascinating that I don't understand a sentence of
         | this.
        
           | lsaferite wrote:
           | In this case 'fag' seems to follow the definition: an English
           | public-school boy who acts as servant to an older schoolmate
           | 
           | https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/fag
        
             | hallway_monitor wrote:
             | It's listed on that page as a synonym for toil or drudgery.
             | So basically a chore is a fag. It seems like the definition
             | you mention is likely the origin of today's gay pejorative.
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | It's the same definition. A servant is a person who
               | toils. This is a discussion about English public schools.
        
           | zinckiwi wrote:
           | Recommend Roald Dahl's "Boy" for a fascinating glimpse.
        
             | duskwuff wrote:
             | As well as a reminder that, at the time (~1930), it was
             | really just a form of extended and unusually cruel hazing.
        
           | isoprophlex wrote:
           | Something happened around 7:00-7:15, of that we can be sure.
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | 'mandatory milk'
           | 
           | Many primary schools in the UK in the 1960s/1970s would have
           | had 'milk monitors' - pupils whose job was to help distribute
           | small servings of milk to their classmates. The milk
           | distribution was an attempt to offset child malnutrition. The
           | role continues to evoke strong feelings today. The Brit ex
           | prime minister Rishi Sunak was described as a 'jumped up milk
           | monitor' and when (in the 1970s) Margaret Thatcher as
           | education secretary (minister) cancelled the school milk
           | programme, she was reviled as 'Thatcher Thatcher Milk
           | Snatcher'.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | I was "computer monitor" (no pun!) for a year in the 1990s,
             | when I was about 10.
             | 
             | I can't really remember the timing, but perhaps in the
             | first half hour before lessons had started I would go to
             | the classrooms of the 5-8 year olds, and if the teacher
             | wanted I'd switch on the classroom computer and load the
             | required program. (Maybe a different child did the 9-11
             | year olds' classrooms?)
        
           | TRiG_Ireland wrote:
           | I found it fairly transparent, maybe because I've read more
           | than one novel in that setting.
        
         | oersted wrote:
         | Gotta love british boarding school jargon. In the 90s no less!
         | Sounds like 18th century.
        
           | Ylpertnodi wrote:
           | My school still exists: founded in 15xx. Fags still fagging
           | in '24.
        
         | nick3443 wrote:
         | Ah pledging/hazing, a double edged sword. A possibility for
         | camaraderie and mentorship which is often misused for abusive
         | and degrading activities. I went through pledging/hazing in a
         | college fraternity in the US and it was mostly harmless if
         | immature and crass, but for activities or challenges involving
         | alcohol I could see it easy to go overboard especially at
         | fraternities with a more macho/party reputation or with the
         | wrong people involved.
        
         | morkalork wrote:
         | Coming from a north american public school, I can't imagine
         | one's family paying large sums of money to send you to a
         | boarding school... just to be some older boy's servant. Get
         | your own ass up, or don't, not my problem. I am by no means a
         | rabid libertarian but that kind of environment would drive me
         | to it.
        
           | Ylpertnodi wrote:
           | Chances are your public school doesn't have boarders. If your
           | parents/ siblings ever woke you up...they were fagging (if
           | not voluntary). Admittedly, some fag systems were just pure
           | bullying, but generally not. If course, the smokers - after
           | being woke up - would go outside and suck on a fag, but
           | that's another story.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | The writer known as Orwell doesn't seem to have been fond of
           | it: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41887786
           | 
           | [He went to boarding school on scholarship, so that may have
           | been another reason to have been treated poorly by the full-
           | fare students?]
        
         | 01HNNWZ0MV43FF wrote:
         | > ironically, whoever was on knocking up used to get to lie in
         | for the week.
         | 
         | I need to know more about "mandatory milk at the same time" to
         | understand this
        
           | dTal wrote:
           | Translation:
           | 
           | It appears that milk was delivered to the dormitories first
           | thing in the morning, after the same fashion as "the
           | milkman". Distributing said milk was a separate duty from
           | waking up the students, but occurred around the same time;
           | both duties being on a weekly rotation. Therefore it was
           | mutually agreed that the student on milk duty would also bang
           | on the doors as he went, thus relieving the student on
           | Official Door Banging Duty that week from having to get up
           | early to do it. It's unclear why this is described as as a
           | "lie-in", as one would still presumably get woken up along
           | with everyone else...
        
       | etcd wrote:
       | The waker uppers are up all night. Were there no alarm clocks at
       | all? Can't a grandfather clock wake the waker upper?
        
         | batch12 wrote:
         | The article said they usually had inverted sleep schedules and
         | they woke people who had odd or irregular shifts. Staying up
         | all night was probably the best option for the work
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | They were probably too expensive, or not sufficiently reliable.
         | 
         | > With the spread of electricity and affordable alarm clocks,
         | however, knocking up had died out in most places by the 1940s
         | and 1950s.
         | 
         | > Yet it still continued in some pockets of industrial England
         | until the early 1970s, immortalised in songs by the likes of
         | folk singer-song writer Mike Canavan.
         | 
         | The reason for that isn't clear.
        
         | cut3 wrote:
         | Clocks were expensive.
        
           | etcd wrote:
           | One should be enough to wake a million people, with fan out.
        
         | AStonesThrow wrote:
         | I was trying to find the _Simpsons_ clip where Lisa borrows the
         | Native American technique for pre-dawn ambush: drink so much
         | water that your bladder wakes you up early!
        
           | rufus_foreman wrote:
           | It was Bart, https://comb.io/vs9gku.
        
       | mk_stjames wrote:
       | The last time I read about this I kept wondering how many times
       | the person accidentally broke a window pane with the big long
       | stick. Some of the houses were already 80+ years old at that
       | point, and I've lived in houses with original window glass from
       | pre-1900 - just single pane, wavy, very thin glass. You could
       | breathe on them wrong and break a pane. I'd never have trusted
       | myself to with a 3 meter long stick to poke up at a 2nd story
       | window pane loud enough to wake someone up but not so hard as to
       | break a thin windowpane...
        
         | oersted wrote:
         | He seems quite gentle in the video, he uses the windowsill as
         | support and just vibrate the thin stick a bit.
         | 
         | The pea shooter method looks quite fun :)
        
         | jefffoster wrote:
         | Interestingly they used to attach a sponge to the end. You
         | might think that was because it doesn't break the glass, but
         | really it was to ensure the nearby houses don't get woken up
         | for free!
        
           | cut3 wrote:
           | Interesting solution to limit to one device or household.
        
       | Simon_ORourke wrote:
       | Lazy Edwardian industrial workers demanding 8 hours sleep after
       | 16 hours work!
       | 
       | "Oooohh we used to dream of living in a corridor..." -
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ue7wM0QC5LE
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | My ag coop magazine had a recent article on how pre-
         | mechanisation (some places here, into the 1950s) agriculture
         | worked: the tl;dr is no private life under strict hierarchy for
         | 12+ hour days, so it's no wonder they'd run off to the city to
         | get factory jobs instead.
         | 
         | One pull quote was a 1920s era law: " _Servants and
         | agricultural workers must be given, every other Sunday, at
         | least 4 hours off_ "
        
           | dTal wrote:
           | _Of Mice And Men_ paints a portrait of this type of
           | lifestyle.
        
       | espadrine wrote:
       | At this week's dotAI conference, Ines Montani (who works on the
       | SpaCy project) highlighted this ex-job as a warning to AI
       | builders, so that they do not work on systems that have no
       | future, because better and cheaper alarm clocks (for knocker-
       | uppers) are coming.
       | 
       | In particular, she saw chatbots as being an inefficient user
       | interface that would eventually be replaced by better integration
       | between assistants and conventional UI.
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | The philosopher of technology Lewis Mumford argued that the
       | origin of modern industrial machines goes back further than the
       | Industrial Revolution and Renaissance, all the way back to the
       | regimented and time-based lives of medieval monks. Knocker uppers
       | seem like a direct obvious example of this phenomenon of humans
       | as proto machines.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Mumford
       | 
       | https://bpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/sites.psu.edu/dist/f/153578/fi...
       | 
       | As a funny personal note: one of my ancestors actually had the
       | last name (Polish _budzik_ ) translated as "alarm clock," which I
       | assume means they had a similar sort of job as knocker uppers. I
       | couldn't find any equivalent last names in English though.
        
         | hifromwork wrote:
         | >had the last name (Polish budzik) translated as "alarm clock,"
         | which
         | 
         | To add to your personal note, this is the modern translation,
         | etymologically this is more like "the one doing the waking"
         | (similarly to how English "computer" used to describe a
         | person).
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | Yeah I assumed it was more of a description for a person, not
           | a reference to the device. I'm not sure there were even alarm
           | clocks in rural Poland at the time.
           | 
           | IIRC a lot of words in French also work this way: simple
           | translations today, but with more elaborate historical
           | etymologies.
        
         | beAbU wrote:
         | A common surname in South Africa is _Klopper_ , literally
         | Knocker. Probably similar origin.
        
         | bloopernova wrote:
         | Reading about world war 2 has given me a new appreciation for
         | just how _manual_ everything was.
         | 
         | It's amazing that the Allies managed 2 major amphibious
         | landings in June 1944: Normandy was one, Saipan the other.
         | Saipan was about a thousand miles from the nearest Allied
         | forward base, and >3000 miles from Pearl Harbor! All that with
         | slide rules, typewriters, mimeographs, and filing cabinets.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | don't forget punched cards:
           | 
           | https://pattonhq.com/ibm.html
           | 
           | https://www.ww2online.org/image/large-replica-punch-cards-
           | bu...
        
           | cen4 wrote:
           | Sometimes its a good thing that tools slow you down. People
           | have more time to think about what they can achieve. I
           | vaguely remember Planning for Normandy taking 2 years or
           | something, just cause of all the resources they had to
           | mobilize from around the world.
           | 
           | Contrast with today's wars, were all the real time tech in
           | the world is producing lot of half baked outcomes.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | A frequently repeated excuse for WWI germany is that
             | Wilhelm II had expressed desire not to invade the west, but
             | had been told by his military that it was too late to
             | recall the trains. Apparently the guy in charge of the
             | german army's logistics in 1914 wrote a book after the war
             | to explain that not only _could_ he have turned everyone
             | back before the border had he only received a command to do
             | so, but also included appendices with the timetables for
             | doing so.
             | 
             | [my book with the reference is currently unavailable, but
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schlieffen_Plan#Der_Weltkrieg
             | suggests it might have been Groener, _Das Testament des
             | Grafen Schlieffen: Operativ Studien uber den Weltkrieg_
             | (1929)]
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | Note that we got a lot of half-baked outcomes and military
             | disasters with manual processes, too.
        
             | aftbit wrote:
             | >Sometimes its a good thing that tools slow you down.
             | 
             | This has been a major learning in devops too. Sometimes you
             | want the tool to go slow, at least to start, to give a
             | chance to Ctrl-C when you realize you've made a mistake. A
             | bad deploy that gets replicated to 10% of your fleet could
             | be far better than one that goes to 100%.
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | > All that with slide rules, typewriters, mimeographs, and
           | filing cabinets.
           | 
           | Well they did have radios, telephones and radar as well. The
           | fire control systems of battleships and anti-aircraft guns
           | led to massive advances in distributed analogue computing
           | that provided early insights into human/machine interactions
           | as well as the beginnings of system-level architecting. The
           | Brits during the Battle of Britain exploited telephone
           | networks and switchboards in innovative ways to create a
           | highly fault (bomb) tolerant decentralised command and
           | control system that formed an early version of the sensor-to-
           | shooter kill chains we see today.
        
             | bloopernova wrote:
             | If you've not read _Most Secret War_ I highly recommend it.
             | Dr R V Jones details some of the different systems involved
             | in the Battle of Britain and it 's a great book too.
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | I read 'The Secret War' by Brian Johnson which was based
               | on a 1970s BBC series. I think it's an earlier version of
               | the same thing.
               | 
               | Another great (although very dry) book is 'Between Human
               | and Machine - Feedback, Control, and Computing before
               | Cybernetics' by David A. Mindell. This goes into the fire
               | control stuff that I mentioned, and describes how one
               | effect of the war was to force together the different
               | groups that were working on analogue computation.
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | Everyone reading this right now needs to check out this
             | 1950s naval training video on the mechanical fire control
             | computers of battleships:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s1i-dnAH9Y4 For fun, before
             | you watch, think for yourself how you'd implement addition,
             | multiplication, squaring, etc. with only gears and other
             | mechanisms.
        
               | TomatoCo wrote:
               | It's amazing what you can do with just gears, cams, and
               | levers. Project-Rho provides a quick survey of
               | mechanisms. https://www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket
               | /astrodeck.php#...
        
       | datavirtue wrote:
       | My mom used to do this with a spray bottle.
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | this is a fascinating delve into the rich tapestry of british
       | history and tradition spanning the ages, and i think it merits
       | preservation at some level.
       | 
       | however as an American i nearly dropped a pot of coffee hearing
       | my wife shout something about "knocking up charles dickens" from
       | across the kitchen in front of our kids..
        
       | markx2 wrote:
       | Time related:
       | 
       | "Elizabeth Ruth Naomi Belville (5 March 1854 - 7 December 1943),
       | also known as the Greenwich Time Lady, was a businesswoman from
       | London. She, her mother Maria Elizabeth, and her father John
       | Henry, sold people the time. This was done by setting Belville's
       | watch to Greenwich Mean Time, as shown by the Greenwich clock,
       | each day and then "selling" people the time by letting them look
       | at the watch and adjust theirs"
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Belville#History
        
         | aivisol wrote:
         | NTP server.
        
           | gerdesj wrote:
           | I configured timesync (using NTP) for the GWR office networks
           | many years ago. Some years later I used theirs to act as a
           | stable source for Scotrail's office network too.
           | 
           | As I'm sure we all know here: The four horsemen of the IT
           | apocalypse are NTP, DNS and BGP.
        
         | TRiG_Ireland wrote:
         | I found out about her first from the Citation Needed comedy
         | show, but then later from the Futility Closet podcast, which
         | pointed out that most of her clients actually needed the
         | service, while some (private houses) were splurging on an
         | extravagance. And also that new technology never immediately
         | replaces old. In the early days, she was more reliable than the
         | telegraph, which tended to break down.
         | 
         | She had clients till the end of her life, though no one took
         | over the business when she died.
        
       | wiradikusuma wrote:
       | "the knocker-up soon found out that while he knocked up one who
       | paid him, he knocked up several on each side who did not" -- I
       | thought it was the employer who paid the knockers!
       | 
       | I guess it makes sense, otherwise you can pretend you don't hear
       | it and excuse yourself from working that day.
        
       | gurjeet wrote:
       | I find it very interesting how the same phrase is now used for a
       | completely different meaning. Others might see a connection
       | between this use and the one meant in the movie 'Knocked Up' [1],
       | but not being a native speaker of the language, I don't.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0478311/
        
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