[HN Gopher] Do Fungi Recognize Shapes?
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       Do Fungi Recognize Shapes?
        
       Author : svilches
       Score  : 66 points
       Date   : 2024-10-17 17:54 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tohoku.ac.jp)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tohoku.ac.jp)
        
       | 9dev wrote:
       | Is it really decision making if the fungus moves to the nearest
       | block of wood, then on to the next, and so on?
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | The main findings seems to be on how it stabilizes.
         | 
         | The blocks are pre-populated, so at the start there's the same
         | amount of fungus in every blocks. But as time goes by, the
         | fungus moves away from the central block to concentrate on the
         | terminal ones in the X shaped configuration for instance.
         | 
         | Or we can see they don't grow towards the inner side of the
         | circle to a degree that doesn't look accidental.
        
       | makeitdouble wrote:
       | A bit more details
       | 
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175450482...
        
       | bbor wrote:
       | Wow, stealing my own comment from last week's _Grokking at the
       | edge of linear separability_ because it applies here even more
       | so: this paper is so simple, dumb, and absolutely breathtakingly
       | interesting. Thanks for sharing! Never would I have thought that
       | "mycelium doesn't explore the center of a circle" would hold such
       | profound insight...
       | 
       | For those interested, heres the paper itself:
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S175450482...
       | two interesting things to me:
       | 
       | 1. Based on my silly American reading of citation names, it seems
       | Japanese researchers have been leading the charge on basal
       | cognition - a great cultural diversity win! Obviously American
       | and European cognitive scientists are involved, but I get the
       | impression most would dismiss this as misguided.
       | 
       | 2. The intro has some of the best philosophy I've ever seen in an
       | empirical paper. No citations to philosophers of course because
       | they'd be laughed at, but it's spot on:                 This
       | evidence led to a formal framework called "basal cognition" for
       | reframing the definition of cognition as "fundamental processes,
       | such as memory, learning, decision-making, and anticipation, and
       | mechanisms that enabled organisms to track some environmental
       | states and act appropriately to ensure survival and reproduction"
       | which existed long before nervous systems evolved. On the
       | contrary, recent studies considering neuroscience hypothesize
       | that the cognition of humans, as a brained animal, emerges from
       | the patterns of interconnections and information transfer across
       | numerous neurons...        In this context, the brain exhibits at
       | least two levels of cognition. One is the basal cognition at the
       | cellular level of each neuron, and the other is the classical
       | means of cognition, which emerges from the activities and
       | interconnections of the neural networks. This classical cognition
       | is crucial for brained organisms to "recognize" the external
       | world.
       | 
       | Preach! I'll do them the favor of providing IMO the clearest
       | exploration of this idea from premodern cogsci (aka philosophy),
       | Schopenhauer's "fourfold" theory of life:                 Thus
       | causality, this director of each and every change, now appears in
       | nature in three different forms, namely *as cause* in the
       | narrowest sense, *as stimulus*, and *as motive*. It is precisely
       | on this difference that the true and essential distinction is
       | based between inorganic bodies, plants, and animals, and not on
       | external anatomical, or even chemical characteristics.       The
       | cause in the narrowest sense is that according to which alone
       | changes ensue in the inorganic kingdom... Newton's third
       | fundamental law: "Action and reaction are equal to each other."
       | applies exclusively to cause...       The second form of
       | causality is the stimulus; it governs organic life as such and
       | hence the life of plant, and the vegetative and thus unconscious
       | part of animal life, which is in fact just a plant life. This
       | second form is characterized by the absence of the distinctive
       | signs of the first. Thus here action and reaction are not equal
       | to each other, and the intensity of the effect through all its
       | degrees by no means corresponds to the intensity of the cause: on
       | the contrary, by intensifying the cause the effect may even be
       | turned into its opposite.       The third form of causality is
       | the motive. In this form causality controls animal life proper
       | and hence conduct, that is, the external, consciously performed
       | actions of all animals. The medium of motives is knowledge.
       | 
       | I think this is a direct rephrasing of the above, putting
       | fungus/"basal cognition" in the "vegetative" category.
       | 
       | As Cladistics slowly erodes all of our taxonomic distinctions, I
       | think we could all stand to incorporate more of similarly
       | functional divisions in our intuitive
       | paradigms/standpoints/worldviews. Schopenhauer doesn't mention
       | "fungus" or "mushrooms" once (much less "slime molds"!), but I
       | think he would happily call them "vegetative" nonetheless, and be
       | thrilled to see this paper!
       | 
       |  _TL;DR:_ cognition is graduated, which means it's neither
       | uniquely homogenous nor uniformly gradual.
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | In re: your point #1, I wonder how much might Shinto figures
         | into this?
        
           | kayo_20211030 wrote:
           | In re: your point #2, it's meaningless word salad. Even the
           | most diligent parser of the text will come up with absolutely
           | nothing sensible.
        
       | hinkley wrote:
       | Looks more to me like self identification, and natural selection.
       | 
       | That's not a lot of wood for 120 days. This fungus is trying to
       | maximize its chances by reaching out as far as it can to find
       | more wood before it dies of starvation. Away from where it has
       | already searched.
        
         | sdenton4 wrote:
         | And where, exactly, does it store the information that it has
         | already searched an area? and how does it avoid dedicating
         | resources to re-searching it?
        
           | hinkley wrote:
           | How do tree roots know whether they should fuse with other
           | roots or not? How do plant leaves know to grow opposite of
           | other leaves? How do stripes form on a tiger? Chemical
           | gradients.
        
             | interestica wrote:
             | I was at a fungus event yesterday (really) and they spoke a
             | bit about patterns in nature and how they are similar to
             | Turing Patterns.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turing_pattern
             | 
             | > ... arises due to the interplay between differential
             | diffusion (i.e., different values of diffusion
             | coefficients) of chemical species and chemical reaction.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | There's an old bonsai trick to force a branch to appear
               | by cutting or bruising the wood above the point so that
               | the cells that differentiate into buds can no longer see
               | the signal from the apical bud, which in species that
               | have them, is telling the rest of the tree to give it all
               | of the energy so it can outcompete other trees reaching
               | for the canopy.
               | 
               | Meanwhile if you prune the apical bud to try to keep the
               | tree small, it will just elect another leader and keep
               | growing on a side branch.
               | 
               | I have a tree in my yard that got nibbled by insects when
               | it was chest high. Killed the crown bud but not its two
               | siblings. One of them won, then stood up straight and two
               | years later you can barely tell.
        
               | saaaaaam wrote:
               | This is fascinating. Where could I learn more about these
               | sorts of bonsai techniques? Is there a book or website
               | that you would particularly recommend? I've always been
               | intrigued by bonsai but if you do a basic web search it's
               | just people selling trash.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Try Heron Bonsai on YouTube. I'm actually out of the
               | hobby because I kill trees unless they're in the ground.
        
         | asveikau wrote:
         | When you describe the fungus as trying to do something, you
         | just ascribed intelligence to it.
        
       | Etheryte wrote:
       | I like fungi as much as the next guy, but I can't help but feel
       | like this might be attributing more meaning than is really there.
       | Wouldn't the whole result also be described by chemical gradients
       | in food and water availability? Maybe this is addressed in the
       | full paper, but it feels like that would be a simpler model that
       | gives the same end result?
        
         | yzydserd wrote:
         | I couldn't agree more. The paper leaves mushroom for doubt.
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | I think you can argue that humans are only searching for
         | "chemical gradients in food and water availability"
        
       | einpoklum wrote:
       | I invited some people to Yu Fukusawa, and after it was over they
       | all said you're a real fungi to be with.
       | 
       | ...
       | 
       | thank you, thank you... I'll be here all week.
        
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