[HN Gopher] Running an open source app: Usage, costs and communi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Running an open source app: Usage, costs and community donations
        
       Author : scastiel
       Score  : 135 points
       Date   : 2024-10-18 14:35 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (spliit.app)
 (TXT) w3m dump (spliit.app)
        
       | Dachande663 wrote:
       | I love the idea of this but, given the traffic numbers, this
       | could run on a $4 Digital Ocean droplet and have the same result.
       | They've burnt over a grand just to use vercel. Maybe I'm just
       | older but I don't understand the logic here. A basic VPS, setup
       | once, would have the same result and would be neutral in cost
       | (it's how I run my own little free apps). Maybe the author is
       | lucky enough that $100/mo doesn't really affect them or they're
       | happy for it to pay for the convenience (my assumption).
        
         | scastiel wrote:
         | Running a database accessed that many times on a $4 Digital
         | Ocean droplet? I'd be very curious to see that ;)
         | 
         | The web hosting costs basically nothing. Most of the cost comes
         | from the database.
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | > Running a database accessed that many times on a $4 Digital
           | Ocean droplet?
           | 
           | How many times per second is the DB actually accessed? As far
           | as I can tell my the metrics, they're doing ~1.7
           | requests/minute, you'll have a hard time finding a DB that
           | couldn't handle that.
           | 
           | In fact, I'd bet you'd be able to host that website (the
           | database) in a text file on disk without any performance
           | issues whatsoever.
        
           | ndriscoll wrote:
           | 6k visits per week * 5 page views per visit is one view per
           | 20 seconds on average. Even very modest hardware with naively
           | written application code should have no problem handling
           | thousands of CRUD database queries per second (assuming every
           | query doesn't need a table scan or something).
           | 
           | Modern computers are mind-bogglingly powerful. An old laptop
           | off eBay can probably handle the load for business needs for
           | all but the very largest corporations.
        
             | npsomaratna wrote:
             | My understanding is that DO VPS' are underpowered (as are
             | VPS offerings from most other VPS vendors). Dollar for
             | dollar, bare metal stuff from Hetzner, OVH, etc are far
             | more powerful.
             | 
             | That said, I completely agree-a $4/month DO VPS can run
             | MySQL, and should easily handle this load; in fact I've
             | handled far bigger loads in practice.
             | 
             | On a tangent: any recommendations for good US-based bare
             | metal providers (with a convenience factor comparable to
             | OVH, etc)?
        
               | diggan wrote:
               | > good US-based bare metal providers
               | 
               | The times I've needed it, DataPacket (not based in US,
               | but has servers in the US) and Vultr (based in the US)
               | have both been good to me.
        
               | npsomaratna wrote:
               | Thank you so much. I'll take a look at these.
        
               | mminer237 wrote:
               | In a trademark travesty, I must ask DataPacket.com or
               | DataPacket.net?
        
               | diggan wrote:
               | Sorry, I was referring to datapacket.com
        
               | mxuribe wrote:
               | Hetzner is of course not U.S. based, but has expanded to
               | have 2 U.S. sites (Oregon i think, and Virginia)....so
               | that could be an option maybe. Caveat: i have not
               | leveraged Hetzner in the U.s.....so can not speak to
               | their quality.
        
               | npsomaratna wrote:
               | That's news thank you. I'll check this out.
        
               | mxuribe wrote:
               | Uh, actually at a quick glance, seems the U.s. sites are
               | more for their cloud offering and maybe not bare metal
               | servers.....i think (sadly):
               | https://www.hetzner.com/cloud
        
             | horsawlarway wrote:
             | So many people don't seem to understand how efficient
             | modern machines are.
             | 
             | As someone who is literally using old laptops to host
             | things from my basement on my consumer line (personal, non-
             | commercial) and a business line (commercial)...
             | 
             | I can host this for under 50 bucks a year, including the
             | domain and power costs, and accounting for offsite backup
             | of the data.
             | 
             | I wish people understood just how much the "cloud" is
             | making in pure profit. If you're already a software dev...
             | you can absolutely manage the complexity of hosting things
             | yourself for FAR cheaper. You won't get five 9s of
             | reliability (not that you're getting that from any major
             | cloud vendor anyways without paying through the nose and a
             | real SLA) but a small UPS will easily get you to 99% uptime
             | - which is absolutely fine for something like this.
        
               | beeboobaa3 wrote:
               | The problem is that my coworkers are morons who seem
               | incapable of remembering to run a simple `explain
               | analyze` on their queries. They'd rather just write
               | monstrosities that kindasorta work without giving a
               | single damn about performance.
               | 
               | It seems like computers are getting more capable, but
               | developers are becoming less capable at roughly the same
               | pace.
        
               | 9dev wrote:
               | > It seems like computers are getting more capable, but
               | developers are becoming less capable at roughly the same
               | pace.
               | 
               | And that makes perfect sense. Why should humans
               | inconvenience themselves to please the machine? If
               | anyone's at fault, it's the database for not being smart
               | enough to optimize the query on its own.
        
               | beeboobaa3 wrote:
               | Oh man. Guess you're one of _those_. If you 're too lazy
               | to do your job then maybe look into other lines of work.
               | Or go work on database systems to create that magical
               | optimizing query engine you think should exist.
        
               | ndriscoll wrote:
               | At my last job, we had architects pushing to make
               | everything into microservices despite how absolutely
               | horrible that idea is for performance and scalability
               | (and understanding and maintainability and operations and
               | ability for developers to actually run/test the code).
               | The database can't do anything to help you when you split
               | your queries onto different db instances on different VMs
               | for no reason.
               | 
               | I heard we had a 7 figure annual compute spend, and IIRC
               | we only had a few hundred requests per second peak plus
               | some batch jobs for a few million accounts. A single $160
               | N100 minipc could probably handle the workload with
               | better reliability than we had if we hadn't gone down
               | that particular road to insanity.
        
               | ffsm8 wrote:
               | > ... microservices despite how absolutely horrible that
               | idea is for performance and scalability
               | 
               | Heh, remind me of a discussion I had with a coworker
               | roughly 6 month ago. I tried to explain to them that the
               | ability to scale each microservices separately almost
               | never improves the actual performance of the platform as
               | a whole - after all, you still need to have network calls
               | between each service and could've also just started the
               | monolith twice. And that would've most likely even needed
               | less RAM too, even if each instance will likely consume
               | more - after all, you now need less applications running
               | to serve the same request.
               | 
               | This discussion took place in the context of a b2e saas
               | platform with _very_ moderate usage, almost everything
               | being plain CRUD. Like 10-15k simultaneous users making
               | data entries etc.
               | 
               | I'm always unsure how I should feel after such
               | discussions. On the one hand, I'm pretty sure he probably
               | thinks that I'm dumb for not getting microservices. On
               | the other hand... Well... ( kep  kep )
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | > _It seems like computers are getting more capable, but
               | developers are becoming less capable at roughly the same
               | pace._
               | 
               | "Andy giveth, and Bill taketh away."
               | 
               | Computers keep getting faster (personified as Andy Grove,
               | from Intel), and software keeps getting slower (Bill
               | Gates, from Microsoft).
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | As DHH said somewhere, it's incredible that the modern
               | cloud stack has managed to get PROGRAMMERS to be scared
               | of COMPUTERS. Seriously, what's with that? That shouldn't
               | even be possible?
               | 
               | If you can understand programming, you can understand
               | Linux. Might take a while to be really confident, but do
               | you need incredible confidence when you have backups? :)
        
               | GreenWatermelon wrote:
               | Not just somewhere, but in Rails World 2024 Opening
               | keynote, and it was absolutely hilarious!
               | 
               | Especially with that meme he showed about vercel is laws
               | +500% markup lmaoo
               | 
               | Don't be afraid of computers, don't be the pink elephant!
        
             | tmpz22 wrote:
             | You're right but I'll play devil's advocate for teaching
             | purposes:
             | 
             | * Usage won't be uniformly distributed and you may need to
             | deal with burst traffic for example when a new version is
             | released and all your users are pulling new config data.
             | 
             | * Your application data may be very important to your users
             | and keeping it on a single server is a significant risk.
             | 
             | * You're users may be geographically distributed such that
             | a user on the other side of the world may have a severely
             | degraded experience.
             | 
             | * Not all traffic is created equal and, especially paired
             | with burst traffic, could have one expensive operation like
             | heavy analytical query from one user cause timeouts for
             | another user.
             | 
             | Vercel does not solve all of these problems, but they are
             | problems that may be exasperated by a $4 droplet.
             | 
             | All said I still highly encourage developers to not sell
             | their soul to a SaaS product that could care less about
             | them and their use case and consider minimal infrastructure
             | and complexity in order to have more success with their
             | projects.
        
               | ffsm8 wrote:
               | * that's just static files. Even a $4 droplets will
               | hardly ever get into issues serving that, even with
               | hundreds of simultaneous requests.
               | 
               | * Okay, I guess that means we should use 2? So that's $8
               | now.
               | 
               | * Vercel really doesn't help you there beyond serving
               | static files from cdn. That hardly matters at this scale,
               | you should keep in mind that you "only" add about 100ms
               | of latency by serving from the other side of the globe.
               | While that has an impact, it's not really _that_ much.
               | And you can always use another cdn too. They 're very
               | often free for html/js/css
               | 
               | * Burst traffic is an issue, especially trolls that just
               | randomly DOS your public servers for shits and giggles.
               | That's pretty much the only one vercel actually helps you
               | against. But so would others, they're not the only ones
               | providing that service, and most do it for free.
               | 
               | Frankly, the only real and valid reason is the previously
               | mentioned: they've likely got the money and don't mind
               | spending it for the ecosystem. And if they like it... Who
               | are we to interfere? Aside from pointing out how
               | massively they're overpaying, but they've gotta be able
               | to handle that if they're willing to publish an article
               | like this
        
               | Quothling wrote:
               | Is this really playing the devil's advocate though? I
               | know this is a simplification but Stack Overflow launched
               | on a couple of IIS servers and rode their exponential
               | growth rather well. Sure they added more than "a couple"
               | of web servers and improved their SQL server quite a bit,
               | but as far as I recall they didn't even shift to CDN
               | until five or six years after they grew. Eventually they
               | moved into the cloud, but Spliit doesn't even have a
               | fraction of the traffic SO did in its early days. As such
               | I don't think any of the challenges you mention are all
               | that relevant in the context aside from having backup.
               | Perhaps also some redundancy by having two $4 droplets?
               | 
               | Is the author even getting paid for their services
               | though? If they aren't then why would they care? I don't
               | mean that as rude as it sounds, but why would they pay
               | that much money so people can use their product for free?
        
           | fs0c13ty00 wrote:
           | My open source service, lrclib.net, handles approximately 200
           | requests per second at peak (yes you read that right, it's
           | approximately 12000 requests per minute) on a simple EUR13
           | Hetzner cloud server (4 AMD based VCPU, 8GB RAM). I'd love to
           | write a blog post about how I made it possible sometime in
           | the future, but basically, I cheated by using Rust together
           | with SQLite3 and some caching.
           | 
           | I was surprised by the cost of Vercel in that blog post too,
           | which is why I dislike all kinds of serverless/lambda/managed
           | services. For me, having a dozen people subscribing to
           | $1-$2/month sponsorship on GitHub Sponsors is enough to cover
           | all the costs. Even if no one donates, I'd still have no
           | trouble keeping the project running on my own.
        
           | Dachande663 wrote:
           | I didn't mean it quite so insultingly, but yes, even a very
           | modest server would handle that kind of load easily. You're
           | not particularly high throughput (a few requests per second?)
           | and I imagine the database is fairly efficient (you're not
           | storing pages of text or binary blobs). I think you'd be
           | pleasently surprised by what a little VPS can do.
        
           | explain wrote:
           | Running the 800th most popular website in the world (25-50M
           | pageviews per day) on a 1GB VPS (Spring Boot, MariaDB, Redis)
           | 
           | Very possible.
        
           | avree wrote:
           | It's surprising that you ask for advice on this topic in your
           | blog, but then are very dismissive (complete with sarcastic
           | wink) to the advice?
        
           | codazoda wrote:
           | I think it would be fine. I run a little private analytics
           | service for my own websites. That service isn't as busy but
           | handles ~11k requests per month. It logs to a SQLite
           | database. It does this on a little Raspberry Pi 400 in my
           | home office and it's not too busy. The CPU sits at 1% to 3%
           | on average. Obviously there are a lot of differences in my
           | setup but I would think you could handle 10x the traffic with
           | a small VPS without any trouble at all.
           | 
           | You can read a little bit more about my analytics setup here:
           | 
           | https://joeldare.com/private-analtyics-and-my-raspberry-
           | pi-4...
        
           | klabb3 wrote:
           | You could run it on Cloudflare workers for free with plenty
           | to spare. You get 5M reads/100k writes per _day_ on D1.
           | 
           | OTOH If you want managed Postgres it seems like you always
           | have to pay a fairy high minimum.
        
           | bdlowery wrote:
           | https://f5bot.com/ was free for like 8 years and it processed
           | hundreds of thousands of db records a day, and it barely cost
           | anything.
        
           | trollied wrote:
           | "that many times". It's nearly zero traffic.
        
       | diggan wrote:
       | Do I read something wrong, or does the stats amount to ~400 daily
       | visitors with ~2500 page views per day? That's about ~1.7
       | requests per minute... And they pay $115/month for this?
       | 
       | I'm 99% sure I'm reading something wrong, as that's incredible
       | expensive unless this is hosting LLM models or something similar,
       | but it seems like it's a website for sharing expenses?
        
         | roflmaostc wrote:
         | Yeah, I'm confused too. Running some sort of VPS would totally
         | do the job, no?
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | I'm fairly sure you could host this on a last-gen Raspberry
           | PI at home, if you live close to where your users are :)
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | Definitely don't need a last gen. Someone else did the math
             | upthread and came to one request every 20 seconds, which if
             | you factor in burstiness and that if you have a
             | particularly bad burst that slows down the system a little,
             | the next request will take even longer etc. (ask me how I
             | learned that lesson), it's probably good to budget for it
             | handling multiple requests per second. For this
             | application, my understanding is you've got a handful of
             | people in your group that you're splitting a couple of
             | expenses with, so data processing is small beans and
             | that'll definitely run on a first gen Pi if you optimise it
             | properly, or perhaps a 2nd-3rd gen if you don't want to
             | spend the time
        
         | Vegenoid wrote:
         | I think this is just the natural conclusion of the new
         | generation of devs being raised in the cloud and picking a
         | scalable serverless PaaS like Vercel as the default option for
         | any web app.
         | 
         | A more charitable reading is that they pick the technologies
         | that the jobs they want are hiring for, even if they don't make
         | sense for this simple application.
        
           | diggan wrote:
           | > I think this is just the natural conclusion of the new
           | generation of devs being raised in the cloud and picking a
           | scalable serverless PaaS like Vercel as the default option
           | for any web app.
           | 
           | I'm not sure, I'm also "new generation of devs" I suppose,
           | cloud had just entered the beginning of the hype cycle when I
           | started out professionally. Most companies/individuals at
           | that point were pushing for "everything cloud" but after
           | experiencing how expensive it really is, you start to look
           | around for alternatives.
           | 
           | I feel like that's just trying to have a "engineering
           | mindset" rather than what generation you belong to.
        
             | Vegenoid wrote:
             | Certainly, I just mean that we are hitting a point where
             | there can be professional devs, with multiple years of
             | experience at tech companies successfully building
             | software, who have only ever known and worked with a PaaS
             | to deploy an app.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | It's frustrating too because deployment technologies and
               | tools continue to get better and better. It's never been
               | easier to deploy an application + database to some
               | arbitrary computer. You can do it declaratively, no SSH,
               | no random shell scripts, no suspicious fiddling.
               | 
               | Also, sidenote: but for small stuff you can just deploy
               | in your home. I've done it before. It's really not that
               | scary, and odds are you have a computer laying around.
               | The only "spooky" part is relying on my ISP router. I
               | don't trust that thing, but that can be fixed.
        
             | mxuribe wrote:
             | > ...after experiencing how expensive it really is, you
             | start to look around for alternatives...
             | 
             | One would think that to be the common sense case...but, in
             | corporate America - at least the last handful of companies
             | that i worked at - some companies are *only now just
             | getting work loads up to the cloud now*...so they have not
             | yet felt the cost pain....Or, in other cases, other firms
             | are living in the cloud, have seen the exorbitant costs,
             | but move waaaaay toooo sloooow to migrate workloads off
             | cloud (or hybridize them in smart ways for their
             | business)....Or, in even other cases that i have seen,
             | instead of properly analyzing function and costs of cloud
             | usage - and truly applying an engineering mindset to
             | matters - some of these so called IT leaders (who are too
             | busy with powerpoint slides) will simply layoff people and
             | "achieve savings" that way.
             | 
             | Welcome to being a technologist employed at one of
             | several/many American corporations in 2024!
        
           | x0x0 wrote:
           | Or they're optimizing for not being a sysadmin, which some
           | people can't do and even some of the people who can find to
           | be very ungratifying work. For a project that runs on this
           | person's enthusiasm, that seems not crazy.
           | 
           | It's certainly possible to spin up your own db backup
           | scripts, monitor that, make sure it gets offsite to an s3
           | bucket or something, set yourself a calendar reminder to test
           | that all once a month, etc... but if I had to write out a
           | list of things that I enjoy doing and a list of things that I
           | don't, that work would feature heavily on the "yeah, but no"
           | list.
        
             | Vegenoid wrote:
             | Yes, if you don't want to do that work and are happy to pay
             | someone else to take care of it, then that is great. But if
             | you like making free web apps, relying on a PaaS will get
             | expensive.
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | If you become a sysadmin, not only do you save $100 per
             | month but you can also add it to your CV.
             | 
             | DHH (Rails founder) thinks you should dare to connect a
             | server to the internet: https://world.hey.com/dhh/dare-to-
             | connect-a-server-to-the-in...
             | 
             | (I already submitted this once, but given the discussion
             | here, I think it's worth posting again, if my rate limit
             | allows it)
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | > The merchants of complexity thrive when they can scare
               | you into believing that even the simplest things are too
               | dangerous to even attempt by yourself these days.
               | 
               | Awesome first sentence! I know I'm going to agree with
               | the article just by that. This applies to so many things
               | in life, too. We're been taught that so many things
               | people routinely did in the past are now scary and
               | impossible.
        
               | x0x0 wrote:
               | > you can also add it to your CV
               | 
               | That can backfire and give an employer the idea you want
               | to do that work though. I not only hate it, but nobody
               | gives a damn until stuff breaks and then everyone is mad.
               | You rarely get rewarded for stuff silently sitting there
               | and working.
               | 
               | edit: to be clear, I think doing it yourself once is
               | great experience. And I've run small web apps on a single
               | server, all the way from supervisord -> nginx ->
               | passenger -> rails with pg and redis. I'd rather build
               | features or work on marketing.
        
           | joshdavham wrote:
           | > new generation of devs being raised in the cloud
           | 
           | I unfortunately sorta put myself in this category where my
           | PaaS of choice is Firebase. For this cost-splitting app
           | however, what would you personally recommend if not Vercel?
           | Would you recommend something like a Digital Ocean Droplet or
           | something else? What are the best alternatives in your
           | opinion?
        
             | Vegenoid wrote:
             | Yes, I believe a Droplet or VPS (virtual private server)
             | from some other provider would be sufficient. Digital Ocean
             | isn't the cheapest, but it's pretty frictionless, slick,
             | and has a lot of good tutorial articles about setting up
             | servers.
             | 
             | You'd have a Linux machine (the VPS) that would have at
             | least 3 programs running (or it is running Docker, with
             | these programs running inside containers):
             | 
             | - Node.js
             | 
             | - the database (likely MySQL or PostgreSQL)
             | 
             | - Nginx or Apache
             | 
             | You'd set up a DNS record pointing your domain at the VPS's
             | IP address. When someone visits your website, their HTTP
             | requests will be routed to port 80 or 443 on the VPS. Nginx
             | will be listening on those ports, and forward (aka proxy)
             | the requests to Node, which will respond back to Nginx,
             | which will then send the response back to the user.
             | 
             | There are of course security and availability concerns that
             | are now your responsibility to handle and configure
             | correctly in order to reach the same level of security and
             | availability provided by a good PaaS. That's what you're
             | paying the PaaS for. However, it is not too difficult to
             | reach a level of security and availability that is more
             | than sufficient for a small, free web app such as this one.
        
               | maccard wrote:
               | I don't think that the difference is $110/month, but
               | surely reading that you realise there's a lot more going
               | on there than "point vercel at a git repo and you're
               | done". I don't know how long it would take me to install
               | docker and configure the above, but it's certainly a few
               | hours. I tried vercel for the first time a few weeks ago,
               | and I had a production ready site online with a custom
               | domain in about 5 minutes.
               | 
               | I've commented here before that on AWS (which I'm fairly
               | familiar with) I could set up ECS with a load balancer
               | and have a simple web app with rds running in about 30
               | minutes, and literally never have to touch the infra
               | again.
        
       | tempfile wrote:
       | So _that 's_ how vercel makes their money.
        
         | skwee357 wrote:
         | That's, and a bunch of twitter "indie hackers" who get traffic
         | spikes that result in hundreds of dollars bills. Seriously,
         | just get a VPS
        
         | rozap wrote:
         | Their marketing team needs a raise.
        
       | valevk wrote:
       | Would be interesting to see how this compares to
       | https://splid.app/
        
         | nacs wrote:
         | Well this is opensource for one.
        
       | rikafurude21 wrote:
       | For reference, 100 dollars a month gets you this bare metal
       | server on hetzner: Intel(r) Core(tm) i9-13900, 64 GB DDR5 ECC, 2
       | x 1.92 TB
       | 
       | ... Should be more than enough to handle 2 requests per minute,
       | could probably handle 100x of that.
        
         | ndriscoll wrote:
         | My i5-6600k at home can handle ~15k requests per _second_ for a
         | toy social media app with postgresql assembling the xml to send
         | to the client (though I 've done some batching optimization and
         | used rust for my application server to hit that). Passmark
         | cpubenchmark suggests a 13900 should be 6-8x more capable than
         | that.
         | 
         | So it should be able to handle somewhere in the ballpark of
         | 2,000,000x the required load, or maybe 100,000x without the
         | application level optimization.
         | 
         | (TLS reduces this by a factor of ~10 if you're doing handshakes
         | each time. Despite what blogs claim, as far as I can tell, if
         | your CPU doesn't have QAT, TLS is very expensive)
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | If you're on Hetzner you can get a load balancer with TLS
           | termination for $5/month. It's hidden in the cloud category
           | but fully supports dedicated servers.
           | 
           | Of course doing SSL on the server itself is more secure, but
           | if that's a performance bottleneck the load balancer can be a
           | cost effective compromise
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | Yes Cloudflare and all of that but they'll do it for free.
             | 
             | Then you get to determine gains you may get from caching
             | and other potential optimizations from one of the best
             | eyeball connected providers in the world. Oh plus the
             | ability to fend off the largest DDoS attacks ever seen.
             | 
             | Cloudflare tunnels enable you to do all of this through an
             | encrypted tunnel without exposing the machine/services to
             | the internet at all. Cloudflare will still MITM all traffic
             | but so does Hetzner (obviously). At least with the tunnel
             | the connection is persistent so you don't incur TLS
             | handshaking, etc CPU overhead with each client connection.
             | 
             | Bonus points - you can move hosting providers without any
             | hassle, configure hosting provider redundancy (Hetzner +
             | whoever), all of that stuff.
        
       | carlosjobim wrote:
       | Yet another testimony to how utterly few people are willing to
       | pay for what they use in the abuse system called "open source".
       | People, start charging for your work, and leave the freeloaders
       | behind!
       | 
       | > A short disclaimer: I don't need donations to make Spliit work.
       | I am lucky enough to have a full-time job that pays me enough to
       | live comfortably and I am happy to give some of the money I earn
       | to the community.
       | 
       | And this is why open source will finally die, because being
       | comfortably employed while still having surplus time and energy
       | to work for free is an increasingly rare thing among the younger
       | generations.
       | 
       | A better way to "give back to the community", instead of making
       | open source software, would be to purchase software from other
       | indie developers.
        
         | jampekka wrote:
         | If anything is dying it's proprietary software. Which is great
         | for all of us because open source is vastly more efficient
         | system.
        
         | aniviacat wrote:
         | > People, start charging for your work, and leave the
         | freeloaders behind!
         | 
         | We already have a profit-oriented market. And we have empirical
         | evidence that profit-oriented markets do not like open source
         | (for their primary products).
         | 
         | > being comfortably employed while still having surplus time
         | and energy to work for free is an increasingly rare thing among
         | the younger generations.
         | 
         | edit: remved anecdote
         | 
         | The cost of living will never rise so much that the upper 50%
         | can't easily make enough money. (Otherwise what? The other 150
         | million people go homeless?)
         | 
         | And unless our industry sees a major shift, which I don't see
         | happening, software engineers will continue being comfortably
         | in the upper 50%.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | > We already have a profit-oriented market. And we have
           | empirical evidence that profit-oriented markets do not like
           | open source (for their primary products).
           | 
           | That's a given. If you open source your code, other
           | developers will steal it and sell your software. Just like
           | billion dollar tech companies are the main benefiters of open
           | source today, that some guy made for free. Excuse me, I meant
           | for $42 in donations.
        
             | aniviacat wrote:
             | When I write open source libraries I consider the ones
             | benefitting to be the general public.
             | 
             | Even if my libraries were used only by mega corporations
             | (which they aren't) there would still be a benefit to the
             | public: If companies have lower cost, they will charge
             | lower prices, benefitting customers / the general public.
             | (And yes, they will lower prices. Most markets are not
             | monopolies.)
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | Open source never benefits the general public, because
               | open source developers never make a product polished and
               | user-friendly enough to be usable by the general public.
               | 
               | Instead, open source mainly benefits other developers.
               | But at the end of the chain there has to be a product
               | that is of use for non-developers. Because developing
               | isn't for developments sake. And the person who makes
               | that product reaps all the monetary benefits from the
               | work that the others have made.
               | 
               | If FOSS people made complete products which were end user
               | friendly, I'd buy the argument of benefitting the general
               | public.
        
               | aniviacat wrote:
               | > developing isn't for developments sake.
               | 
               | [citation needed]
               | 
               | > the person who makes that product reaps all the
               | monetary benefits from the work that the others have made
               | 
               | Which means that they can offer their product for a lower
               | price, which then benefits the general public.
               | 
               | Companies being able to operate cheaper / more
               | efficiently _does_ benefit the general public, as long as
               | the market isn 't a monopoly. And as per my above
               | comment, most markets are not monopolies.
               | 
               | > open source developers never make a product polished
               | and user-friendly enough to be usable by the general
               | public
               | 
               | I've been using Audacity, Gimp, Inkscape, uBlock Origin,
               | and many others long before I knew what FOSS means.
               | Spliit is also pretty cool ;)
        
             | immibis wrote:
             | That's why I make all my software AGPL now.
             | 
             | I haven't published any software at all recently. But if I
             | did (anything non-trivial), it would be AGPL. Or even SSPL.
             | 
             | Permissive licensing (MIT, BSD, Unlicense, public domain,
             | etc) is a scam to make you work for companies for free - if
             | your software is worth anything to them, that is. They told
             | developers they should use MIT licenses so more people
             | would use their software. That's true. They didn't ask
             | whether that was a good thing.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | If you don't want to give away software, and it sounds
               | like you don't, then. Don't.
               | 
               | Perhaps you're under the impression that I blindly click
               | the button for a permissive license? No. I read it first.
               | I know what it allows. That's why I choose it.
               | 
               | I think it's nice when companies make money, for the
               | record. Pays for houses, puts food on the table, sends
               | kids to summer camp and college. Some of them even make a
               | lot of money. That's fine too.
               | 
               | If they want to use my software in the process, more
               | power to them. That's why I put my name next to the
               | copyright notice, on a license which says in plain
               | English that they can do that.
        
         | singpolyma3 wrote:
         | To be fair they're not heavily soliciting donations, and even
         | actively say that they don't need them. So it's not surprising
         | people don't prioritise giving anything. Many users probably
         | haven't even thought of it
        
         | renewiltord wrote:
         | Are you the guy with the https://osspledge.com/ billboards
         | around San Francisco? Haha. They're funny. I enjoyed the art.
         | If it's actually you, I'd be curious who the illustrator is or
         | if you used generative AI.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | I'm not that guy, I'm against open source and free loading.
           | Why would multi million dollar CEOs give anything to FOSS
           | programmers when they're developing their crucial
           | infrastructure for free?
           | 
           | Work for free for huge companies so they can make billion
           | dollar profits while at the same time demanding unionization.
           | Refusing to sell your work to consumers who are willing to
           | pay, yet happy to provide free tech support to free loaders
           | who wouldn't give you a cent. What's the logic?
        
             | quesera wrote:
             | > _What 's the logic?_
             | 
             | Some of us like making things, and are happy to share our
             | excess production with the world.
             | 
             | Like any other good work, it does not require
             | acknowledgement or reciprocation, and the benefits are not
             | part of a zero-sum economy where the giver is harmed by any
             | action of the receiver.
             | 
             | You're on record as being vehemently anti-OSS. Why does it
             | offend you so much that other people prioritize forms of
             | compensation differently than you do?
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | > You're on record as being vehemently anti-OSS.
               | 
               | That's true, I'm the chief anti-OSS crusader on HN and
               | online. I'll give it a rest after this thread, to breathe
               | and give all a chance to recover strength.
               | 
               | > Some of us like making things, and are happy to share
               | our excess production with the world.
               | 
               | Selling those things is still sharing with the world.
               | Most paid software is cheap to purchase.
               | 
               | If FOSS was an eco system where end users had the
               | common(?) courtesy to donate just a little bit to at
               | least one of the projects they use, then I'd have nothing
               | to say. But whenever I use any FOSS code and donate, I
               | usually find myself alone with two or three other people
               | who have donated.
               | 
               | Unlike most other professions, programming is something
               | most people start with as a hobby in young years. So
               | maybe they don't value their own hard work and effort,
               | even though they've matured past the young hobbyist
               | phase? And then they get misguided by open source
               | activists to labour for free.
               | 
               | A young artist who publishes their songs online for free
               | in the hopes of becoming famous, will still retain
               | copyright on those works. No record label can come around
               | and start selling those songs without even letting the
               | artist know. Much less stealing and selling the songs of
               | a well-established artist if he/she decides to release
               | music for free.
               | 
               | I just don't like free loading, and I don't like enablers
               | either.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | Selling a thing comes with greater obligations than
               | giving it away.
               | 
               | I am unwilling to accept those obligations, in most
               | cases.
               | 
               | I am, however, perfectly happy to share some of the work
               | that I do back into an ecosystem which I have benefited
               | from. I also volunteer for organizations I care about,
               | and I pick up litter in public parks. :)
               | 
               | I do not believe that I am being exploited. The Internet
               | is and always has been built on open source -- and as bad
               | as the Internet is, it would be worse if it didn't exist
               | or if it was a proprietary network.
               | 
               | I think you're taking a real problem (funding of valuable
               | work) and exploding it into an argument against open
               | source, which just doesn't follow for me.
               | 
               | I do 100% support finding a way to monetarily compensate
               | people who do valuable work and contribute it to the
               | world. Theoretically. Practically, it gets messy real
               | quickly and I don't see a good broad solution.
        
         | lccerina wrote:
         | "Open source will finally die" said on a website likely running
         | on some linux-based server, with some JS frontend, some open
         | source/commercially licensed DB, and communicating with
         | protocols regulated by a non-profit organization. Also in the
         | future maybe reading this page from a device using a RISC-V
         | processor. Sure.
        
           | carlosjobim wrote:
           | I hope it brings a tear of joy to the corner of the eyes of
           | those selfless FOSS programmers that they've done their share
           | to help Y Combinator be worth $600 000 000 000. That money is
           | surely better spent on people who deserve it better.
        
       | trevor-e wrote:
       | I've been going down the VPS rabbit hole lately since I have some
       | toy projects I want to host and really don't like the
       | unpredictable pricing model of these "pay as you go" providers
       | like Vercel. E.g. I really love Supabase but it's hard to justify
       | jumping straight to the $25/month plan in combination with Vercel
       | costs.
       | 
       | I was surprised how extremely easy it is to get set up with
       | Coolify on a Hetzner VPS, which has preset install options for
       | NextJS + Supabase + Posthog + many others. And I get the standard
       | autodeploy on commit functionality. The open-source versions are
       | missing some features, and I don't get the slick Vercel admin
       | interface, but for a pet project it works great. I'm also by no
       | means a sysadmin expert, but with ChatGPT it's pretty easy to
       | figure things out now.
        
       | pentagrama wrote:
       | I tested the app and found it awesome that it doesn't require
       | account creation! You just get a private link, share it with the
       | group, and when they open the link, it asks who they are to 'log
       | in' as themselves. Of course, users could game the system by
       | logging in as other members, but I think it's a compromise the
       | developer made, knowing the user base and how frictionless it
       | makes the user experience. Neat.
        
         | culi wrote:
         | I've used this really neat website called when2meet[0] for
         | community organizing heavily. You make an event, get a url and
         | share it. Users choose their name and they can even add a
         | completely optional password to prevent impersonation
         | 
         | I'm heavily inspired by it and working on an app for book clubs
         | to host "elections" to choose their next book to read using a
         | variety of voting systems (ranked choice, approval, scored,
         | first past the post, etc).
         | 
         | [0] https://www.when2meet.com/
        
         | itsthejb wrote:
         | kittysplit.com has had this feature set for a decade. I try to
         | promote it whenever I can
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | This is cool, dude. Thank you for sharing. Irrespective of the
       | actual numbers I'm always curious how people fund projects like
       | this.
       | 
       | One thing I've been interested in is the idea of decentralized
       | handling for this. That is, the project is funded in and every
       | month if its bills don't get paid it dies. If it receives enough
       | to go over it buys T-bonds for the appropriate duration and then
       | burns them down over time.
       | 
       | Perhaps in the past it would have to be automated but I wonder if
       | in the near future a limited AI agent could be the server and you
       | leave him alone to do his thing.
        
       | anticorporate wrote:
       | Not to be "that guy" but...
       | 
       | To clarify some confusion in this thread, it might be helpful to
       | distinguish "open source" (the application) from "free" (this
       | hosted instance of the application). Munging the two together
       | might lead to some incorrect conclusions. Running a "free"
       | application for others is going to have certain costs. The cost
       | of running an "open source" application is going to depend
       | entirely on the resources that application consumes, which, if
       | run privately, might be a lot less.
        
       | weinzierl wrote:
       | The pay only what you use model is nice when your revenue also
       | scales with use. For my projects I wish there were plans with
       | higher fixed cost and risk only in availability and not in cost.
        
         | sam0x17 wrote:
         | The only downside with that I've found is people and orgs tend
         | to overestimate their future usage of X across the board, so
         | profits rarely match expectations with pay-as-you-go, and tier-
         | based pricing will easily overcome you by capturing more $$
         | from the market. Some notable exceptions are things like file
         | storage where people tend to underestimate what they will need
         | I find.
        
       | mherrmann wrote:
       | Re your question on saving costs: If you run it on a single Linux
       | VPS, then I suspect you can get the costs down to 5-10$ per
       | month.
       | 
       | One thing I find interesting is the growth chart: It's linear.
       | But given that the app clearly has some traction, and is viral in
       | nature, how come it isn't exponential?
        
         | JamesonNetworks wrote:
         | Best I've been able to do is around $22 a month on DO, would
         | love to hear alternatives that are cheaper
        
           | misiek08 wrote:
           | Hetzner my lord :)
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | Pi 5 + Cloudflare
        
       | LVB wrote:
       | I'm always curious what folks use for their database for things
       | like this. Even though I like SQLite--a lot--my preference has
       | become that the app is generally separate and mostly stateless.
       | Almost always the data is the most important thing, so I like
       | being able to expand/replace/trash the app infra at will with no
       | worries.
       | 
       | Thought about maybe running a Postgres VPS, but I've enjoyed
       | using neon.tech more than I expected (esp. the GUI and
       | branching). I guess the thing that has crept in: speed/ease is
       | really beating out my ingrained cheapness as I've gotten older
       | and have less time. A SaaS DB has sped things up. Still don't
       | like the monthly bills & variability though.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | > _Almost always the data is the most important thing, so I
         | like being able to expand /replace/trash the app infra at will
         | with no worries._
         | 
         | Have you used SQLite with Litestream? That's the beauty of it.
         | You can blow away the app and deploy it somewhere else, and
         | Litestream will just pull down your data and continue along as
         | if nothing happened.
         | 
         | At the top of this post, I show a demo of attaching Litestream
         | to my app, and then blowing away my Heroku instance and
         | redeploying a clean instance on Fly.io, and Litestream ports
         | all the data along with the new deployment:
         | 
         | https://mtlynch.io/litestream/
        
           | LVB wrote:
           | I'm currently using SQLite + Litestream with one app, though
           | it's strictly Litestream as a backup/safety net and I'd be
           | manually standing the thing back up if it came to building
           | the server anew, as that's not automated.
           | 
           | If anything, I'd probably end up looking at a dedicated PG
           | VPS. I've started to get used to a few Postgres conveniences
           | over SQLite, especially around datetimes, various extensions,
           | and more sophisticated table alterations (without that
           | infamous SQLite 12-step process), etc. So that's been an
           | evolution, too, compared to my always-SQLite days.
        
           | Cheer2171 wrote:
           | > No, my app never talks to a remote database server.
           | 
           | > It's a simple, open-source tool that replicates a SQLite
           | database to Amazon's S3 cloud storage.
           | 
           | That was a very long walk to get to that second quote. And it
           | makes the first quote feel deceptive.
        
           | rkwz wrote:
           | This is a well written guide, thanks!
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | It's trivial to run mysql (or Perforce variant) or Postgres,
         | with some minor caching for simple apps.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what you are hitting that would go past the
         | capacity of a small vps.
         | 
         | Independent VPs for DB make sense, but if the requests are
         | reasonably cached, you can get away with it (and beef up the
         | backups) especially if it's something non-critical.
        
           | LVB wrote:
           | Definitely considering a dedicated Postgres VPS. I've not
           | looked yet, but I'd like to locate a decent cookbook around
           | this. I've installed Postgres on a server before for playing
           | around, and it was easy enough. But there are a lot of
           | settings, considerations around access and backups and
           | updates, etc. I suspect these things aren't overly thorny,
           | but some of the guides/docs can make it feel that way. We'll
           | see, as it's an area of interest, for sure.
        
         | jwells89 wrote:
         | Spinning up a VPS for things like this is tempting to me too,
         | but not having done significant backend work in over a decade
         | my worry would be with administering it -- namely keeping it up
         | to date, secure, and configured correctly (initial setup is
         | easy). What's the popular way of handling that these days?
        
       | Onavo wrote:
       | What they need is a payment provider integration so you can ACH
       | or credit card pay immediately. That can also be a monetisation
       | option for them.
        
         | dabeeeenster wrote:
         | You just invented money laundering
        
           | Onavo wrote:
           | Not really, the KYC is usually done on the payment layer
           | depending on which payment platform you use. If you are doing
           | your own ACH, yes, you will need KYC. But if you are using
           | something like stripe connect or dots.dev then KYC is their
           | problem.
        
         | Reubend wrote:
         | There are dozens of other apps that do that already, and I
         | don't think this one needs to follow. Staying open source,
         | free, and convenient for cash transactions is better in my
         | opinion.
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | I'll email this to you, but you could save a ton of money using a
       | serverless database solution like Supabase or NeonDB.
        
       | hahahacorn wrote:
       | The inefficiency is bonkers but understandable. I could host this
       | app for like ~$60/year, generously, with little to no devops
       | work. It's painful to see the creator paying out of pocket for
       | such a great project because the Vercel marketing introduced such
       | massive inefficiencies to the ecosystem.
       | 
       | Even less when I pay for a dedicated machine running all of my
       | hobby projects. Gratuitous Kamal 2 plug. Run your personal
       | projects all on one machine.
        
         | JamesonNetworks wrote:
         | Where would you host this for $60 a year?
        
           | misiek08 wrote:
           | I would use hosting with SSH access. I am based in Poland so
           | we have MyDevil.net But also you can just rent VPS for 5$,
           | but you have to care about setting everything up.
           | 
           | First thing I thought while reading was Firebase - it's
           | interesting how much it would cost there.
        
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