[HN Gopher] Bike Manufacturers Are Making Bikes Less Repairable
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       Bike Manufacturers Are Making Bikes Less Repairable
        
       Author : LorenDB
       Score  : 138 points
       Date   : 2024-10-14 19:27 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ifixit.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ifixit.com)
        
       | ToucanLoucan wrote:
       | Unregulated markets trend towards brand lock-ins, proprietary
       | parts, cheaper goods of inferior quality, etc. etc. etc. All
       | businesses are doing this everywhere because we are running out
       | of World for them to expand into, but any company that posts a
       | less profitable quarter is presumed to be failing.
       | 
       | For centuries companies have chased the fantasy of infinite
       | growth, and we're running out of room. If we don't start
       | contending with this in a serious way, and applying changes to
       | our society to accommodate it, we will only ever see more of
       | this.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | There are lots of counter-examples to this, such as the market
         | for microprocessors. Huge market, few regulations, excellent
         | quality, remarkably low switching costs.
        
           | ToucanLoucan wrote:
           | "Huge" market? AMD and Intel. Technically Apple but they
           | don't sell to OEM's, and of course bespoke processors for
           | specific applications.
           | 
           | It's huge in that it does a lot of business, but the market
           | itself is incredibly small. If you want a processor for your
           | next PC build, you have 2 flavors to pick from. Or a Mac.
        
       | taeric wrote:
       | Can't get past the intro sentence without getting triggered. No,
       | most people cannot fix a bike. As evidenced by the horrid shape
       | most bikes are in. Heaven help folks that get the brakes so that
       | they need to replace pads. You are as often to see people that
       | ruined rims as you are to see people that did that correctly.
       | 
       | Don't get me wrong, there is something there. Everyone can be
       | trained to fix older mechanical things. This is true. And I, for
       | the life of me, cannot understand why people get bikes that need
       | apps to run. That is just baffling.
       | 
       | So, change this to "ebikes are not being designed with
       | repairability in mind" and I think I lose near all of my
       | complaint. I do have worries about people not realizing how
       | powerful ebikes are. Reminds me of early dirt motorcycles you
       | could work on back in the day. Didn't take too many kids getting
       | hurt before people took those seriously, I don't think. Odd to
       | see us go right back down that path all because a lot of parents
       | assume the battery tech is the same as it was a decade or so ago.
        
         | ThrowawayTestr wrote:
         | Unlike car maintenance bike maintenance is way more accessible.
         | You need like one or two specialized tools to cover the
         | majority of the work you'll do on your bike compared to a car.
         | People are just lazy.
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | Exactly what specialized tools do you need to work on a car?
           | Are you counting closed end wrenches and sockets as
           | "specialized" or something?
        
             | Ichthypresbyter wrote:
             | While it is technically a socket, an oil filter wrench is
             | reasonably specialized in that you won't see it in a
             | standard socket set. Same may be true of a spark plug
             | socket depending on your car.
             | 
             | Otherwise, doing routine/basic maintenance on a car, such
             | as changing the oil, requires a means of getting under the
             | car (ramps or jack and stands) and of handling large
             | amounts of fluids (drain pan and funnel) neither of which
             | you need to do the equivalent work on a bike.
             | 
             | A torque wrench is much more important for car maintenance
             | than for bike maintenance (and you'll need a bigger one!).
             | Depending on the condition of your car you may want a
             | breaker bar.
             | 
             | Obviously doing anything with the suspension requires a
             | spring compressor, and troubleshooting certain engine
             | problems requires a compression tester, but those are
             | needed infrequently enough that they can be rented or
             | borrowed.
             | 
             | And that's before getting into the model-specific
             | specialized tools for something like a timing belt change,
             | or anything electronic (though I recommend anyone with a
             | car should get a cheap Bluetooth OBDII reader).
        
               | jessekv wrote:
               | I gave in and bought a torque wrench recently for my
               | bikes... modern bike components sure are light but they
               | are also really easy to over-tighten.
        
               | aidenn0 wrote:
               | > jack and stands
               | 
               | Manual for my latest car recommends against jacking up
               | under the front axle, so a jack and stands are out for
               | getting underneath it.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | You have a pretty odd definition of "specialized". A jack
               | is a jack. Yes, I use a big one for my truck since it
               | weighs many thousands of pounds. I use the same jack to
               | lift small cars and anything else I want, within reason.
               | 
               | A torque wrench is a specialized tool...for torquing a
               | fastener. I use the torque wrench to torque fasteners on
               | my truck, my motorcycle, some random piece of equipment I
               | want to repair, etc.
               | 
               | I have seal drivers for driving seals on my motorcycle. I
               | also can use them on hydraulic cylinders, or any other
               | random seal I want to drive in.
               | 
               | The only truly specialized piece of auto repair tooling I
               | have is a tool that is cast and machined specifically to
               | fit inside the engine head to remove a portion of the
               | valvetrain for maintenance. It's a very boring once you
               | understand how it works, but I'm not using it for
               | anything else.
               | 
               | As for a spring compressor, I've been doing suspension
               | work for about a decade now and used one zero times. You
               | just don't need it for routine maintenance. I guess if a
               | spring breaks, you would need it in some weird
               | circumstance possibly.
        
             | sleepybrett wrote:
             | I can't change the oil in my ancient '99 passat (very low
             | miles, I barely drive) without a special wrench.
        
             | jrmcauliffe wrote:
             | Had a mobile mechanic unable to change the timing belt on
             | our 10 y/o Volkswagen Golf because the balancer is now
             | secured with a proprietary lock-ring instead of four hex
             | bolts.
             | 
             | He said this sort of thing is getting more common and even
             | if he did want to buy all of the required bits and bobs he
             | wouldn't be able to fit them all in his van.
             | 
             | Even in the 'good old days', you weren't getting very far
             | working on your car without things like gear pullers,
             | timing guns and feeler gauges. All things that technically
             | you could be using for other things, but not exactly in the
             | average toolbox of someone that doesn't work on cars.
        
           | taeric wrote:
           | I think the reality of most people using bikes in rather low
           | stakes situations also changes things heavily. That is, many
           | are riding bikes that I would not trust down a hill going
           | 30+mph. But, notably, most people are not going anywhere
           | close to 30mph on a bicycle.
           | 
           | To that end, you are correct that most people are just
           | needing to clean their bike. Replace the occasional
           | consumable part of it, maybe. Keep it clean, though, and you
           | are unlikely to need to replace any parts anytime soon.
           | 
           | Edit: And, again, limit this to ebikes and things change
           | pretty rapidly. It is trivial to get an ebike to 25mph.
        
         | taylodl wrote:
         | _> Didn 't take too many kids getting hurt before people took
         | those seriously_
         | 
         | The kids in my neighborhood are zipping around on these things
         | at 30 MPH. In my state it's illegal for these kids to be riding
         | around on these things, but the law isn't being enforced.
         | Probably more of a hassle for the officer than it's worth.
         | 
         | And safety? Bwahahahaha! Kids are riding these at 30 MPH in
         | shorts, t-shirt and _maybe_ a bicycle helmet. Just the other
         | day I saw three girls who appeared to be middle school-aged hop
         | on an e-delivery type bike and ride 3 up! All they were wearing
         | were those super short and super thin shorts girls like to
         | wear, and a t-shirt. Not a single helmet. Yet there they were
         | riding 3 up on this e-bike on public streets just after the
         | peak of evening rush hour.
         | 
         | It's insane! I'm continually amazed we're not seeing more news
         | stories of kids getting hurt on these things. Don't get me
         | wrong, I'm glad we're not seeing these news stories, but I'm
         | amazed we aren't.
        
           | hotspot_one wrote:
           | I'm wondering what insurance companies are going to say. I
           | have a feeling they will be the driving force at least in the
           | US, since they are the ones picking up the bills.
        
             | taylodl wrote:
             | I'm wondering how the law is going to be applied in the
             | event of an accident. In my state, if you hit a minor
             | riding a bike then you're automatically at-fault and the
             | burden of proof is on you to prove that the accident was
             | unavoidable.
             | 
             | Will that same law apply when the kid is operating a
             | motorized vehicle? Especially if they're operating that
             | vehicle illegally?
             | 
             | TBF, it hasn't been a problem so hey, maybe these kids have
             | a lot more sense than we give them credit for? Maybe I
             | should just be grateful that those girls were outside
             | playing instead of being in a screen and were feeling a
             | little "dangerous" and rode 3 up on an e-bike?
        
       | Micand wrote:
       | I'm grateful that my 2019 Norco Section uses a round seatpost,
       | threaded Shimano BB, and standard cockpit; I deplore the "self-
       | adjusting" D-shaped Giant seatpost on my girlfriend's bike (which
       | is subtly off-centre and takes all kinds of witchery to
       | approximate the ease with which I can adjust a standard
       | seatpost), as well as the mess of BBs and integrated cockpits
       | that are becoming common even on mid-range road & gravel bikes.
       | When I buy my next bike, I will go out of my way to select
       | something using standardized parts. I very much hope something
       | akin to the Framework laptop comes to market in cycling, where
       | the entire machine is built to be user-serviceable with off-the-
       | shelf, readily available parts. I put something like 20,000 km
       | commuting to school on my early 1970s Raleigh Record, which I
       | rebuilt almost completely with my brother, and it was a
       | gloriously simple machine that I miss dearly today.
        
         | bgribble wrote:
         | You can still buy bikes like that. There are plenty of people
         | still making frame sets that will work with standard drive
         | train components, standard sized stems, and plain ol handlebars
         | in a variety of shapes. And they will build a bike for you.
         | 
         | I bought a Rivendell about 10 years ago and it's probably my
         | last bike. Is a steel frame heavier than carbon? Yes, a bit,
         | but I don't have to throw it away after a crash, it rides like
         | a dream, and the weight difference is less than the extra
         | "water bottles" I carry around my midsection. Most of the
         | weight of the bike+rider (which is what you have to haul
         | around) is the rider, not the bike, and the frame is just a
         | fraction of the weight of the bike!
         | 
         | Even though new bikes are getting more and more proprietary, I
         | don't foresee a time when I can't buy a new Shimano cassette or
         | other replaceable parts.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | It does seem like a complete bike that is under $1100 or so
           | today will be less repairable than the bike I got in 2008 for
           | $600 (less than $900 in 2024 dollars).
        
             | kjkjadksj wrote:
             | In some ways yes in other ways no. Shimano has been on
             | their forced obsolescence train for 30 years. They don't
             | make hoods for my old 8spd levers. If I want to not deal
             | with ratty old tape over sticky ancient hoods I need to
             | drop $130 on new claris levers and $25 on a new fd because
             | the pull ratio changed then another $20 on new bar tape.
        
       | soared wrote:
       | Im going to disagree - bikes are incredibly more repairable
       | because of e-commerce. I no longer rely on local availability of
       | parts, and lack of documentation when doing repairs. YouTube has
       | infinite knowledge and Amazon/walmart ship literally any part to
       | my door. Bottom bracket as an example I don't think is fair - I'm
       | an avid cyclist and have never once heard of anyone working in
       | their bottom bracket. Chain, derailleur, cranks/pedals, brakes,
       | handlebars, seat, etc are all very reasonable to do but bottom
       | brackets everyone takes to a shop.
       | 
       | Additionally, shop prices (at least in Denver) are absolutely
       | disgusting. A brake pad is $15 in my lbs, but the same one is $6
       | online direct from the mfg. maybe 2 minutes of labor to repair,
       | but the shop will charge $75 minimum. I was quoted $130 for a
       | chain replacement when I went in to get my recalled cranks
       | replaced.
        
         | oulipo wrote:
         | It's true for mechanical bikes!
         | 
         | For e-bikes, some manufacturers try to lock users down with
         | DRM. And the last part that's hard to repair is the battery!
         | 
         | But at Gouach (disclaimer: I'm one of the co-founder), we
         | really wanted to provide a way for people and company fleets to
         | have observability and agency over their batteries, so we've
         | designed (took us 2 years haha) a repairable battery that's
         | working very well now! You need nothing but a screwdriver.
         | 
         | Added benefit is that you can now decentralize production and
         | repair: any shop can produce small batches of batteries, or
         | repair them, without complex equipment or specialized training!
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Often times community bike shops will have tools to let you fix
         | one. It is a kind of once in a decade repair though.
        
         | ljf wrote:
         | Yeah I've only ever had to use my bottom bracket tool twice in
         | 20 years of cycling, wasn't so hard to do (moving from a
         | cracked frame to a new one once, and replacing a bottom bracket
         | that had gone in a bmx) - but I doubt most people would try to
         | diy it - it just so happened that I had the tool in my 'every
         | tool you might ever need' kit from China.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | I've replaced a couple and the conclusion is that this
           | definitely has economies of scale since you will very rarely
           | use the tool. Better to go take it to a bike shop. It wasn't
           | hard once I had the tools, but I'm not going to use the tools
           | that often. And I'm more likely to lose the bottom bracket
           | adapter tool than reuse it, if I'm being honest.
        
         | fragmede wrote:
         | the online direct business doesn't have to pay rent for a shop
         | space in an accessible part of Denver though, which is why
         | downtowns can't compete on price
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | > shop prices are absolutely disgusting
         | 
         | Do you think they are high because that's what it takes to pay
         | for labor and rent, or are they high because the owners are
         | greedy and are getting rich?
        
           | soared wrote:
           | Simply high from a consumers perspective. Some shops
           | certainly are greedy (PE owned, multiple locations, like
           | evo). But for the truly lbs I don't know the cause.
        
         | thefaux wrote:
         | I'm not saying these prices aren't painful, but I am pretty
         | sure there are very few bike shop owners, let alone employees,
         | with enviable wealth.
        
         | anthomtb wrote:
         | I replaced my own bottom bracket!
         | 
         | Ok well, first I destroyed the threads on the cranks meant to
         | interface with the bottom bracket tool. Thus requiring a shop
         | visit. And the shop, after consulting with the frame
         | manufacturer, cut the destroyed cranks off with an angle
         | grinder (and posted a video to their Facebook page - you don't
         | usually see that many sparks in a bike shop).
         | 
         | But hey, I now have a nice, let-the-pros-do-this-job souvenir
         | (the wrecked cranks). And my bracket/bearings are creak-free
         | and spinning quite nicely three years later.
        
       | oulipo wrote:
       | Founder of Gouach, the repairable (and fireproof!) e-bike battery
       | mentioned in the article, happy to answer any question!
       | 
       | - we salvaged 100s of discarded e-bike batteries
       | 
       | - we found that 90% of components were like new
       | 
       | - batteries were thrown away because of the spot-welding and the
       | glue which prevents repairability
       | 
       | - we spent 2 years (and 5 patents) to design a robust, safe, and
       | easy to assemble system that requires nothing but a screwdriver
       | 
       | Our batteries have been in use since 2 years in the streets of
       | France, on micro-mobility e-bikes, in the harshest possible
       | conditions (rain, snow, cold, heat, shocks), and we're very happy
       | with their performances!
       | 
       | We're now opening it to the general public (for conversion kits,
       | and to replace old batteries that are no longer manufactured)
       | 
       | We plan to open-source at least part of the embedded software, so
       | people can write extensions (to let their battery "talk" with any
       | e-bike system, and share it -- using WASM embeddable code -- to
       | other people on the web!)
       | 
       | Let's fight planned obsolescence!
       | 
       | (and if you're looking for a new battery, there's 25% off on
       | https://get.gouach.com)
        
         | gr__or wrote:
         | absolutely beautiful mission, thank you!
        
           | oulipo wrote:
           | Thanks so much!! Appreciated
        
         | acyou wrote:
         | How do you address local heat generation at the interfaces
         | between the cells and the contacts? Does that pose additional
         | risk of cell failure leading to thermal runaway in high current
         | scenarios?
        
           | oulipo wrote:
           | Yes! You can check the technical details on our documentation
           | and our FAQ here (sorry, we're still cleaning up now, but
           | feel free to ask for details)
           | 
           | https://docs.gouach.com/knowledge-base/frequently-asked-
           | ques...
           | 
           | We've seen that our design does not pose heating or
           | resistance issues
        
             | acyou wrote:
             | Which cells did you test with? Is that result valid for
             | other cells?
             | 
             | What is your team's background in battery safety?
        
               | oulipo wrote:
               | We are using DMEGC INR 18650 cells, which is the best
               | quality/price ratio that we've found, often beating even
               | great brands.
               | 
               | We've developed a LOT of experience on safety after
               | fighting a few fires haha, this is why we added a lot of
               | software and hardware safeties (fuses everywhere, alerts,
               | etc)
               | 
               | Oh and we designed a fireproof casing to be extra-
               | cautious that nothing would happen to our clients!
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJETffg0kFc
        
               | acyou wrote:
               | Are you working with any external lithium ion battery
               | safety specialists?
        
         | pims wrote:
         | Hello,
         | 
         | I own a Specialized Vado SL from 2022. Can I use your battery
         | as a range extender?
        
           | oulipo wrote:
           | Yes! You can use the Datex extender that we sell when you
           | order the battery here https://get.gouach.com
        
             | UltraSane wrote:
             | Why does that URL redirect to your indigogo site?
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Seems like a perfectly valid question to me. Why the
               | flagging? Redirecting to IndiGoGo makes it look like it's
               | not yet a real product. Linking directly to the product
               | mentioned when the link was provided seems like a much
               | more helpful thing rather than some generic self
               | promotion. So is the product being pitched actually being
               | sold as claimed, or is it hoping to become a product
               | while looking for funding?
               | 
               | So, why is the link redirecting?
        
               | oulipo wrote:
               | Hi! Thanks for the question!
               | 
               | The link was our original pre-launch page, and now
               | redirecting to the Indiegogo campaign!
               | 
               | The product does exist, and is in use, but until now our
               | clients have been B2B, who are able to pay upfront for
               | the commands.
               | 
               | As we are now opening to the general public, and we're a
               | startup, we needed a schema like Indiegogo to get the
               | money upfront and be able to buy the materials to
               | assemble all the batteries!
               | 
               | We're expecting to ship at the end of the year
        
         | bsimpson wrote:
         | That's awesome!
         | 
         | Minor grammar tip - saying "since 2 years" is a tell that
         | you're a non-native speaker. It's a common mistake that most
         | people will understand, but the correct phrasing is "for 2
         | years."
         | 
         | I'm sure this is a pitch you practice a lot, so I wanted to
         | help for next time.
        
           | oulipo wrote:
           | Thank you!! Appreciated :)
        
             | rodgerd wrote:
             | Meanwhile, English speakers are trying to get the hang of
             | depuis/pendant...
        
             | wlesieutre wrote:
             | Alternately, "since two years ago" works too.
             | 
             | "Since" goes with a particular moment in time (rather than
             | an amount of time) to refer to the period between that time
             | and now, like an old restaurant saying "making pizza since
             | 1922" or for recent events like "since yesterday."
        
         | cibyr wrote:
         | Why does configuration require a closed-source app, with an
         | account on your proprietary platform?
        
           | sriacha wrote:
           | Web page claims the app is being open-sourced.
        
             | cibyr wrote:
             | It's the "account required" part that really bugs me.
             | Implies that everything is routed through some cloud
             | backend that'll shut down one day and then you lose access
             | to all the smarts in your "infinitely repairable" battery.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | >> 2 years in the streets of France, on micro-mobility e-bikes,
         | in the harshest possible conditions (rain, snow, cold, heat,
         | shocks)
         | 
         | Um... Paris isn't exactly a harsh climate. Send some batteries
         | to me in a month or two and I'll show them winter. Proper
         | winter starts when it _stops_ snowing.
        
         | detourdog wrote:
         | That's great have you looked into the marine industry?
        
         | biglyburrito wrote:
         | I just read about Gouach on Indiegogo last week (
         | https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/infinite-the-repairable-u...
         | ) -- very cool stuff.
        
       | cutchin wrote:
       | I wish they'd have given more examples for traditional bikes than
       | bottom brackets. Yeah, bike shops have to deal with lots of
       | different BBs, but that's because they deal with bikes that might
       | be 30 or 40 years old, from all over the planet. Some threaded,
       | some press-fit, etc. Some high-end, some very cheap.
       | 
       | On the most part, bike manufacturers use standardized parts that
       | can be replaced by and end-user with sufficient know-how and the
       | tools to do it. There aren't that many companies making
       | drivetrain parts, so you tend to see Shimano and SRAM just about
       | everywhere, and maybe the odd Campagnolo-equipped bike every now
       | and then. At least here in the US. (Unrelated, Shimano's product
       | range is crazy - somehow their components come stock on bikes
       | ranging from $250 up to $12k or more.)
       | 
       | Outside of < $200 Wal-Mart bikes, I've never had any trouble
       | repairing or finding someone to do "normal" repairs or
       | maintenance on a bicycle. I'd like to know what prompted the
       | article, unless the real point was to complain about E-Bike
       | batteries, which is not something I can really comment on.
        
         | blacksmith_tb wrote:
         | I agree that the message seems to mostly be about e-bikes,
         | though I will say I was recently forced to get yet another
         | Shimano BB / rotor tool recently, and I have quite an
         | assortment of them now... My newest ride has a belt (not an
         | ebike, but Gates + Alfine 11sp) which means more unique bits
         | (but likely not for a while, I did have to get a fitting to oil
         | the hub, but that's less work than keeping a chain lubed, so I
         | can't complain).
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Hub is way more work than the chain. I have to repack mine
           | soon and its going to take me getting it open, replacing the
           | ball bearings, packing them in new grease after cleaning out
           | old, then an undetermined amount of fiddling getting them
           | just a quarter turn or so too loose in the cones so the quick
           | release will torque them perfectly when its installed. Thats
           | assuming nothing fights me along the way like a seized
           | locknut on the cassette.
           | 
           | Chain on the other hand if it starts getting noisy it gets a
           | generous squirt of rock n roll gold and a rag for 5 mins then
           | its fine for another long while.
        
       | acyou wrote:
       | Lithium ion batteries and battery modules are never ever gonna be
       | user repairable. The main reason is that the electrolyte is a
       | highly toxic, carcinogenic and extremely flammable organic
       | solvent. AAs are user swappable because the electrolyte is water
       | based.
       | 
       | Bikes started being less repairable when manufacturers noticed
       | that steel frame 10 speeds were lasting multiple decades. If
       | parts continue to be available, those frames are still going to
       | be in use another 50 years from now. Particularly where cartridge
       | bearings are used.
       | 
       | Carbon fiber bikes are part of the trend. Will we eventually see
       | a straight up plastic adult bike frame?
        
         | oulipo wrote:
         | Check out what we're building at https://get.gouach.com ! We're
         | solving exactly this problem, and we have designed a fireproof
         | casing for extra safety! Happy to answer any question :)
        
           | acyou wrote:
           | I could see this being interesting if you handle all the
           | aspects of pack teardown, rebuild and recertification, and
           | send out finished packs. Would you be comfortable with doing
           | that and standing behind those 100%?
           | 
           | Asking regular people or even highly technical people to
           | assess cell geometry, type, quality, balancing and cell
           | capacity issues is going to result in people dying in fire.
           | It just isn't that easy, even if you start with brand new,
           | matched cells.
           | 
           | Fireproof casing sounds great, as long as it's also being
           | charged in a fireproof bunker. Unfortunately, that's not
           | usually the case for consumer products.
           | 
           | Noticing that in the video of the cell vent testing - Bosch
           | vs. Gouach the electrical wire harness immediately turns
           | black. If you charge this pack in a box filled with paper and
           | a cell vents, will it start a fire?
           | 
           | How are you going to thoroughly test with your production
           | parts before shipping to customers next month?
        
             | oulipo wrote:
             | Thanks for all those questions! No we will ship standard
             | cells that we tested the battery with (it is EU-certified,
             | and UL-certification is ongoing)
             | 
             | Yes! The battery is quite safe now! We have iterated on the
             | design for close to 4 years now.
             | 
             | We have added safeties everywhere so that even a misplaced
             | cell wouldn't be dangerous. And as you mention the
             | fireproof casing is the extra layer of safety, so that if
             | there is an unlikely thermal event, no flames can go out.
             | 
             | We've been running those batteries for around 2 years on
             | about 1000 shared mobility e-bikes in France, so we're
             | quite sure of the design!
        
               | acyou wrote:
               | That's great to hear. UL certification is a starting
               | point. How is that going?
               | 
               | What does EU-certified mean with regards to battery
               | safety?
               | 
               | I think the sticking point with UL is that you need to
               | know the specific application in order to assess the
               | downstream risks. Are you able to do the UL certification
               | for multiple bikes, or just a specific model?
               | 
               | Are you able to get UL certification for multiple
               | different cell brands, or do you need to do a different
               | certification for each type of cells used in the pack?
               | 
               | I'm assuming mixed salvaged cells are off the table for
               | UL certification?
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | Lion cell electrolytes are nowhere near as toxic as those of
         | NiCd or lead-acid. Flammability is the biggest risk. Toxicity
         | is comparable to acetone.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene_carbonate
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethyl_carbonate
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_acetate
        
           | acyou wrote:
           | Yes, but unless you drink the lead acid battery acid, you're
           | not exposed to it. Ditto for NiCd. No one is drinking battery
           | electrolyte. The key is that all of the above in Lithium ion
           | are VOC and highly available, including what you mentioned
           | and worse, specifically NMP.
        
             | allenrb wrote:
             | People are talking about replacing cells within packs, not
             | disassembling the cells themselves!
        
               | acyou wrote:
               | Agreed, I apologize that I wasn't more clear. It's just
               | that the electrolyte composition forms the basis of
               | safety. In an environment where end users are handling
               | bare cells, you need to assume the cells are
               | leaky/ruptured.
               | 
               | For example, if you have ever changed out old Duracell
               | alkaline batteries, the white stuff on the contacts means
               | they leaked.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | "In the US, propylene carbonate is not regulated as a
             | volatile organic compound (VOC) because it does not
             | contribute significantly to the formation of smog and
             | because its vapor is not known or suspected to cause cancer
             | or other toxic effects"
             | 
             | "Diethyl carbonate is used as a solvent such as in
             | erythromycin intramuscular injections."
             | 
             | Ethyl acetate: "The LD50 for rats is 5620 mg/kg,[24]
             | indicating low acute toxicity. Given that the chemical is
             | naturally present in many organisms, there is little risk
             | of toxicity."
        
         | derkades wrote:
         | At least standardized form factors and no complex proprietary
         | communication protocols to the battery would help a lot to make
         | battery replacements more affordable
        
         | woah wrote:
         | AAs aren't user repairable either. When was the last time you
         | repaired an AA? What the article is asking for is just a
         | standardized connector and voltage for Li-ion batteries.
        
           | acyou wrote:
           | I misspoke, what I intended to say is that lithium ion
           | batteries are never going to be user swappable. Yes, you can
           | get sketchy stuff off of Amazon that supports it, but the
           | regulatory bodies will, correctly, continue to strongly
           | resist end users touching bare lithium ion cells.
           | 
           | Ever drop an AA battery? Nothing happens. Drop an 18650, you
           | can easily have a little 1000 degree rocket shooting fire and
           | toxic chemicals out one end.
           | 
           | Nominal cell voltage is fairly standard and is dictated by
           | cell chemistry. Standardized connector is welded zinc tab,
           | for various good safety reasons.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > Bikes started being less repairable when manufacturers
         | noticed that steel frame 10 speeds were lasting multiple
         | decades.
         | 
         | Steel frames are heavy beasts. Aluminum alloys, magnesium
         | alloys or carbon fiber is waaaay lighter in contrast, and
         | weight is king at least if you're not running with electrical
         | assistance.
         | 
         | It's exactly the same in cars, there we have exactly the same
         | trend towards lighter but more brittle materials.
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | Bikes have sucked for a long time and they just seem to be
       | getting worse. Even a bike that costs $5k+ will inevitably fall
       | apart. I find that if you are a real serious cyclist the best
       | option is to buy your own frame and then build your own rig with
       | bespoke parts.
        
         | burningChrome wrote:
         | I've bought a lot of bikes in my lifetime and only twice have I
         | opted to build a bike from scratch. Both times I was working on
         | a bike shop. It was really the second time when one of our
         | dealers had a "bike shop deal" where you could get a frame/fork
         | setup for like $300. The Fox fork on the frame was worth around
         | $700 so it was a really good deal.
         | 
         | The one thing I realized right away was all the stuff you take
         | for granted on complete bikes that add up super quick. Oh you
         | got some sweet disc brakes? You need brake lines, and brake
         | fluid and have to know to set them up and bleed the lines, and
         | you need brake levers. Oh, nice wheel set, you need tires as
         | well, and you have to get the wheels trued before you put them
         | on. You need a crank set, and pedals, and a chain and
         | handlebars and a proper stem and grips and the list just goes
         | on and on.
         | 
         | It took me about three months to get all the parts together. I
         | kept everything in the box at the shop, in the basement. Once I
         | got everything together, myself and two mechanics who love
         | building bikes, sat around the shop putting it all together
         | which took quite a while.
         | 
         | It was a pretty big wakeup call that yes, you can build a bike
         | from scratch, but you also need a huge amount of knowledge and
         | patience to put it all together. Even after I had put my bike
         | together, it took several attempts to get the disc brakes
         | dialed in which I've never had to deal with on a floor model.
         | Same thing with the drivetrain and getting both derailleurs
         | dialed in.
        
           | thefaux wrote:
           | Building a road bike with a threaded bottom bracket, rim
           | brakes and pre built brakes really isn't that bad. I was
           | pretty unexcited when disc brakes were introduced to road
           | bikes due to the increased maintenance burden.
        
         | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
         | A $5k bike will fall apart way more quickly than a $1k to $2k
         | bike. The only reason to get a $5k bike is if you are trying to
         | win a race and have other people to do the maintenance for you.
         | The lower end (but not absolute cheapest) parts are generally
         | more reliable since they aren't nearly as weight optimized.
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Speaking as an ex bicycle repair man, this irks and/or boggles
       | me. I feel trolled. I mean, I doubt the veracity of this headline
       | and I think they're making shit up.
       | 
       | Bicycles are beautifully fixable and tweakable. Back at the shop
       | we had hundreds of old bikes and half-bikes and hills of parts.
       | Our power was vast and we were a wellspring of goodness. Our
       | reputation was international. My boss was a master spoked wheel
       | tuner.
       | 
       | I can smell it now.
        
       | mauvehaus wrote:
       | Work in a bike shop part-time. Can confirm: there are about two
       | dozen bottom bracket tools in the drawer. In fairness, bottom
       | brackets have been a pain in the ass for decades. Even on old
       | ones, there are a couple different hook spanners and pin spanners
       | you might need for the lock ring and adjustable cup and a couple
       | other weird-ass wrenches that you need from time to time. Shit's
       | usually tight AF too, and the various tools that were fine for
       | manufacturing a bike get a little iffy when everything's good and
       | seized after 20 years of neglect.
       | 
       | As for e-bikes, my usual observation when one comes in with an
       | intermittent error is "We've managed to make bicycles as reliable
       | as computers. What an incredible accomplishment for our species."
       | 
       | We only work on the electric drivetrain on Trek bikes (and others
       | that use Bosch). I can vouch for the fact that as of October
       | 2024, the electric drivetrain stuff can be handled from the on-
       | bike computer and an app isn't necessary for basic functionality.
       | I'm sure you get some more features with the app, but you don't
       | need it to just go for a ride.
       | 
       | Batteries come with some wrinkles. Many manufacturers (not just
       | Trek) want to make them easily removable so you can take them
       | with you to charge and prevent them from getting stolen. They
       | _also_ want them to integrate nicely with the frame visually. The
       | result is frequently some amount of compromise in the proprietary
       | direction.
       | 
       | That said, Bosch appears to make some standard-ish batteries that
       | are used in less-integrated installations across bike
       | manufacturers.
        
         | oulipo wrote:
         | You're right!
         | 
         | Big issue with Bosch systems is that they use DRM to lock-in
         | users, so that they need to buy (very expensive) Bosch
         | batteries.
         | 
         | Bosch batteries are well-designed, and very safe. But still
         | issues can happen. If you want to check a fun battery fire
         | video, here's a comparison that we've made between a Gouach
         | fireproof battery (disclaimer: I'm a co-founder) and a Bosch
         | battery!
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJETffg0kFc
         | 
         | (the video is not perfect because we had to drill for one
         | battery and not the other for technical reason, and it doesn't
         | change the result, but just for the sake of it, we're planning
         | to film a new one next week haha)
        
           | mauvehaus wrote:
           | Appreciate the work you're doing, and to be clear: I'm not
           | defending any of Bosch's business practices and vendor lock-
           | in[0]. I do appreciate that they're big enough that they pop
           | up on multiple manufacturers' bikes and that they offer a
           | battery system that looks decent enough that various
           | manufacturers are willing to use it.
           | 
           | [0] Like the USB dongle you have to have to run their
           | diagnostic software...
        
             | oulipo wrote:
             | Thanks for your message :)
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | I'd love for the EU (because I know the US won't do it) to
         | start requiring battery standardization. I normally am
         | complaining about power tool batteries, but now that I've
         | started looking at ebikes it's clear that a more general
         | regulation would really benefit consumers.
        
           | oulipo wrote:
           | Exactly! And EU is mandating that light mobility electric
           | batteries be repairable (able to change cells) starting 2027!
        
         | kjkjadksj wrote:
         | Realistically you only need the tools for your bike. Hardly
         | matters that there are a dozen bb types, you pick the adapter
         | you need and move on. And by and large most people are going to
         | be something common like 22 spline not those weird campy bb
         | from 50 years ago.
        
       | TRiG_Ireland wrote:
       | The science/education podcast Let's Learn Everything had an
       | episode recently about planned obsolescence [1], and it does seem
       | to have started with the bicycle. So this is not new.
       | 
       | 1: https://maximumfun.org/episodes/lets-learn-
       | everything/70-the...
        
         | oulipo wrote:
         | This is very intersting! Thanks
        
           | TRiG_Ireland wrote:
           | I've just noticed that the timestamps on the page are clearly
           | from a different episode. The planned obsolescence section
           | actually starts at 57:42.
        
       | abyssin wrote:
       | Bicycles should be required to be sold with a sheet of all the
       | measurements of replacement parts. I find that buying the correct
       | part is often the biggest hurdle in maintaining my bicycles.
        
         | gonzo41 wrote:
         | OMG yes. This so much.
        
       | m463 wrote:
       | ever think the government should (externally) tax non-repairable
       | stuff?
       | 
       | Sort of like gas-guzzler taxes?
        
         | oulipo wrote:
         | Great idea!
        
         | idunnoman1222 wrote:
         | Who decides if it's repairable?
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | Even a small start would be useful, like "user-replacable
           | battery".
           | 
           | not bike related, but say airpods would fail, 12v car battery
           | would pass.
        
             | idunnoman1222 wrote:
             | Does that mean a removable battery because who is to say
             | that your bikes brand of batteries is going to be available
             | for purchase tomorrow?
        
               | m463 wrote:
               | open standard battery > standard battery > removable
               | proprietary battery > glued-in phone battery > whatever
               | airpods do
        
         | glaucon wrote:
         | I'm not necessarily disagreeing, but what does "(externally)"
         | mean ? A tariff ? In large enough trading blocs I would be
         | concerned that manufacturing of the non-repairable part would
         | just move within the bloc. I'm in favour of the idea but the
         | mechanism might need some thought.
        
       | Lio wrote:
       | Hmm, I don't know anything about ebikes but normal bikes seem to
       | be going back to BSA threaded bottom brackets.
       | 
       | The last 3 bikes I've bought have had BSA.
        
       | fire_lake wrote:
       | How to make your life super easy if shopping for a bike:
       | 
       | - 1 1/8 steerer tube, or maybe tapered
       | 
       | - Threadless a-head headset in any common SHIS type. Threaded
       | ones won't last as long.
       | 
       | - QR or common thru-axle
       | 
       | - Any common BB standard (threadless ones are actually fine but
       | require a well made frame, and you'd be surprised how many
       | expensive frames are not well made)
       | 
       | - Always a round seat post and get 27.2mm if you can. Bigger if
       | you care about dropper posts
       | 
       | - Rim brakes are fine unless you are doing serious off road. If
       | going disc, hydraulics offer great performance for the price.
       | 
       | - Flat bar shifting components are much more interchangeable and
       | better value that drop bar!
       | 
       | - If going drop bar, consider older 2x11 speed mechanical
       | equipment. It's much cheaper and it was competitive at a pro
       | level not so long ago.
       | 
       | - External cable routing!
       | 
       | - Aluminium is uncool, but it represents a sweet spot in terms of
       | weigh/cost/durability
       | 
       | - Tyre volume, not frame material, is the most important factor
       | in comfort
       | 
       | - Never buy a bike that doesn't fit you
       | 
       | These tips won't get you the best bike (in terms of absolute
       | performance) but it will be reliable, easy to fix and good value.
        
         | ricardobeat wrote:
         | I.. appreciate the effort but even as an owner of three bikes,
         | and doing maintenance myself most of the time, I barely
         | understand half of this list. I imagine most casual bicycle
         | riders would be in the same boat?
         | 
         | No idea what SHIS, QR, BB, dropper post or flat bar mean. Is
         | this racing bike lingo?
        
           | fire_lake wrote:
           | SHIS is standard headset identification
           | 
           | QR is quick release (as in wheels)
           | 
           | BB is bottom bracket
           | 
           | Dropper post is an MTB thing and so are flat bars!
        
         | unethical_ban wrote:
         | You know more than I do about bikes. I've assembled one (except
         | for fork/handlebars) myself and have ridden various styles.
         | 
         | My only objection is brakes. If it can fit your budget,
         | mechanical disc is worth the lower maintenance, adjustment,
         | weather resistance over rim brakes. Disc in general have the
         | fringe benefit of being able to swap tire sizes for different
         | purposes.
         | 
         | Hydraulic disc are smoother and somewhat more effective, at the
         | expense of money and ease of maintenance.
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Rim breaks are pretty maintenance free. I just replaced the
           | pads only thing ive done to them in 5 years with this bike.
           | $15 and 2 mins of work.
        
             | unethical_ban wrote:
             | Maybe it's a bias due to my rim bikes being historically
             | lower quality. My rims get out of true more than my discs,
             | and cheap-style rim brakes are harder to adjust to even
             | braking.
             | 
             | I've never owned high quality rim brakes, that could be the
             | issue.
        
         | Lwerewolf wrote:
         | -Rim brakes means ever so slightly bent rim = SOL.
         | 
         | -There are some decent internal cable routing setups. The
         | newest fad (through-headset), though...
         | 
         | -Comfort has a ton of variables, of which tyre
         | volume/pressure/type/details(inserts/etc) are a major part of,
         | but not the be-all-end-all. Grips, handlebars, saddles, pedals,
         | crank length, etc, etc, etc, etc...
        
           | kjkjadksj wrote:
           | Rim breaks are fine for most people. your wheel has to be
           | very very visually out of true to cause problems and thats
           | only a $20 fix at the local bike shop. A little cathunk in
           | the hands during braking never hurt anyone. Source: rode $40
           | bikes through college. Most of the comfort stuff is not
           | applicable unless you are spending hours and hours in the
           | saddle. You aren't going to notice the crank arms are too
           | short or your reach is too long commuting 30 mins to work.
        
             | downut wrote:
             | Truing a wheel is something that for 100 years avid
             | cyclists (riding multiple times per week) could do with
             | nothing but a single $3 truing wrench. If you were very
             | poor like me in college you did it by pushing the rim
             | brakes to one side or another and then truing against the
             | rim hitting the pad. We used to do this on the trail, ride
             | mates amiably sitting by why the whacked wheel gets put
             | into "enough" true.
             | 
             | Nowadays of course I have the whole kit, the Park truing
             | stand, various truing wrenchs... and that's it. Oh right I
             | use painter's tape to mark problematical spokes. I've built
             | three sets of fabulous wheels that take a lot of abuse but
             | let me still set personal records at (say) TdT.
             | 
             | Now we get to the flame wars. I've been endurance cycling
             | 50 years, since I was 14 or so. I completely understand the
             | arguments for disc brakes for tandems and touring setups.
             | What the disc brake people are not telling you is that the
             | hand fatigue problem was solved by $40 Avid Single Digit
             | rim brakes 25 years ago. I have a set on my mt bike that
             | are truly single digit sufficient for most rough descents
             | up to say 3000' and maybe an hour. Probably you need to do
             | some exercises if you're doing those and having fatigue. I
             | have been at Moab doing an insane gonzo abusive descent and
             | noticing that hmm might be having safety issues soon with
             | my forearms, and hmm, I need to get this descent done...
             | but that was before the Avid brakes. My 20 yo Specialized
             | frame FrankenBike with Avid SD brakes is not being replaced
             | in I guess forever because it is gonzo abusive ready and it
             | just works.
        
         | bbqfog wrote:
         | I wouldn't recommend anyone get quick release, thru-axle is so
         | much better. Disc brakes too, it's such a huge upgrade. I'd
         | also say a dropper post if you're doing anything off-road, or
         | maybe even on-road, they're awesome!
        
           | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
           | Unlocked QR wheels and seats get stolen and vandalized. QR
           | should generally only be used where transportation space is
           | limited or for stationary security, but otherwise prefer
           | permanently-installed ones at the expense of having to carry
           | a wrench with the tire patch kit.
        
         | risenshinetech wrote:
         | Hey guys, follow these 12 SUPER easy tips!
         | 
         | - Industry jargon
         | 
         | - Industry jargon
         | 
         | - Etc etc
        
         | adsteel_ wrote:
         | Rim brakes/pull-brakes/v-brakes are great even for serious off
         | roading, though you may want to upgrade to long caliper pads,
         | which make a world of difference. Disc brakes aren't helpful
         | until you're doing serious downhill. Why everyone has disc
         | brakes these days when they don't need them is a great
         | question.
        
           | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
           | Rim/v-brakes just need proper adjustment, replacement pads
           | when worn, and clean rims. They're also much easier to
           | control with finesse than disc brakes which tend to lock and
           | require brake fluid and pads service. In rain though, I'd
           | want disc brakes because rim/v-brakes can fade rapidly
           | depending on material and coating of the rim.
        
         | hi-v-rocknroll wrote:
         | Back in the day, even on a low-end steel Miyata mountain bike,
         | I had to have QR wheel and QR seat post keyed locks because of
         | theft. They consisted of an epoxy-coated offset plate with a
         | hole at each end and a miniature luggage lock. In general IMO,
         | it's not worth having an expensive bike because it's just going
         | to get ripped-off and likely lacks significant benefit over a
         | middle-market one. (A friend of mine had a $8k USD road bike
         | stolen in downtown Mountain View right in front of every
         | passerby in the busiest area where cops pass every 10 minutes.)
         | Also, the only time I ever forgot to lock my (undersized jacked
         | up with very long seat post and handlebar extensions) Miyata in
         | the rack at home (apartments) in Davis CA was the very time it
         | was stolen.
         | 
         | For dry climates: wax lube. Wet lube is only for rainy climates
         | and attracts dust like mad. Chain guard is a must for non-
         | leisure riding.
         | 
         | And if you don't like changing tires very often and don't mind
         | the extra free exercise of added rolling resistance, kevlar
         | armor bands are a must have with green snot slime. Still have
         | to carry a vulcanizing patch kit, levers, and a pump because
         | goatheads are pure evil.
        
       | wiredfool wrote:
       | Meh. There have been Bike Shaped Objects sold at non-bike shops
       | forever. Huffy used to be a complete joke of a bike, but in 1988
       | the 7-11 team rode "Huffy" frames. (which were really Serottas).
       | 
       | Yeah, there are a lot of bottom bracket standards, most of them
       | aren't proprietary, they're just different. Bottom brackets are a
       | lot better than they were 40 years ago too -- back then you could
       | pull them apart, replace the balls, repack the grease, and change
       | the cups and spindle. And you had to. Now, you get a cartridge BB
       | or a minimal pair of cups and some standard bearings. My sealed
       | bearings now last a lot better than my cup and cone ones did.
       | 
       | Hubs are similar. Cup and cone bearings can be maintained, but
       | they pit, and no one ever really had replacable races. So if your
       | bearings were bad, you replaced the wheel. With better hubs, you
       | just pop out the bearings and pop new ones in.
       | 
       | Old school (7-8sp) Shimano jockey wheels _never_ spun freely.
       | Sram 11 speed ones, even on apex, spin beautifully, and in the
       | case of my gravel bike, are outlasting the derailleur.
       | 
       | I think we're in kind of a new golden age of cycling. There are
       | tons of interesting bikes being made by small providers, using 3d
       | printing, old school steel fabrication, custom carbon. There are
       | tons of small company parts -- most CNC, but some additive. Basic
       | non BSO components are pretty reliable, and even Shimano's low
       | end isn't that bad for the casual crowd. There's a niche for
       | everything, tracklocross or basket bikes or cargo or gravel or
       | mountain touring or full squish. And there are even road bikes
       | too.
       | 
       | iFixit has some good rants, but this isn't one of them.
        
       | fizx wrote:
       | I think that's true for e-bikes, but that's perhaps to be
       | expected in a newer market.
       | 
       | Over in analog mountain bikes, we have the new UDH standard, and
       | basically everything else was standardized except some bearings.
       | All mountain bikes are pretty modular. The main manufacturers
       | make the frame, and then bolt on parts from different brake,
       | shock, etc suppliers. There's at least two of each, which keeps
       | things competitive.
        
       | idunnoman1222 wrote:
       | Opinionated solution; always buy used never buy electric. There
       | are enough steel frames in the world that we probably never need
       | to manufacture another one.
        
       | jerlam wrote:
       | Unfortunately this isn't a new problem. My 20+ year old bike,
       | that doesn't have a single electronic component on it, has a
       | single special crankarm bolt because the crankarm is "integrated"
       | with the spider, presumably to shave off a few grams. Four normal
       | bolts and one special bolt that may be hard to find today.
       | 
       | A lot of bikes are often designed for racing, the equivalent of
       | exotic cars. So new standards that have very marginal benefits
       | are routinely being created and then abandoned when it gets
       | rejected by the market or there is a new, better standard. But
       | things that are mundane and standard today were cutting-edge when
       | they first came out, and likely emerged from several competing
       | standards.
        
       | loeg wrote:
       | There are many kinds of bottom bracket these days, but like, not
       | _that_ many. BSA is still extremely common and it 's looking like
       | T47 (which has two variants) will be the other common standard
       | going forward. BB30, BB86 exist. Other variants are much less
       | common.
       | 
       | Essentially the entire rest of the article is about ebikes and
       | proprietary batteries, motors, apps, etc, and yeah, that's all
       | true. I'd probably have just killed the bottom bracket section of
       | this article and had the headline mention ebikes rather than try
       | to generalize.
        
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