[HN Gopher] Commonly used arm positions can overestimate blood p...
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       Commonly used arm positions can overestimate blood pressure
       readings: study
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 121 points
       Date   : 2024-10-14 17:57 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (medicalxpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (medicalxpress.com)
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | There's definitely a huge variance in blood pressure readings
       | depending on posture, relaxation, arm position, recent activity,
       | etc. If you buy a blood pressure monitor, it's really interesting
       | to see how "random" a single reading at the doctors' is, and how
       | large your fluctuation throughout the day is.
       | 
       | That being said, it really makes me wonder about studies that
       | correlate blood pressure with other things. Is the blood pressure
       | really being measured "correctly" in all those studies? Or not?
       | 
       | In other words, if your "true correct" blood pressure is lower
       | than what the doctor normally takes, but then a lot of the
       | studies are based on real-life "incorrect" higher blood
       | pressures, then don't you similarly want an "incorrect" higher
       | reading for consistency? Or are the studies always really done
       | with far more accurate blood pressure readings, where the patient
       | sits still for 5 min beforehand, keeps their legs uncrossed, is
       | totally free of stress and anxiety, didn't exercise beforehand,
       | etc.?
        
         | gklitz wrote:
         | > Is the blood pressure really being measured "correctly" in
         | all those studies? Or not?
         | 
         | This is why you do readings three different times a day for
         | several days. And why there's instructions on how long to dust
         | still before the readings, why you do three repeats with
         | multiple minutes of wait in between, and finally why the
         | averages of those readings aren't just simple averages. But yes
         | you always have to wonder about every study using self reported
         | home readings if they follow the instructions or not, because
         | it is tedious to do it correctly.
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | The reading process itself is a constant that you can't
           | filter out by doing it repeatedly. Something squeezing your
           | arm with what feels like the force of a hydraulic press
           | surely doesn't have any weird side effects.
           | 
           | Anecdata, but I always get high anxiety from not being sure
           | if the thing is actually still working properly or if it's
           | just gonna keep pumping itself up until it explodes in my
           | face or something. Not exactly rational but these sort of
           | things never are. Looney toons ass machine.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | "Something squeezing your arm with what feels like the
             | force of a hydraulic press"
             | 
             | It shouldn't feel that crushing. I know it's common, but it
             | shouldn't be. It's lazy/rushed healthcare professionals who
             | only want to take it one time suing an automated machine
             | and crank it to 200mm. If you actually put it at 140mm or
             | take it with a manual sphig, it would read a "normal"
             | person just fine without the crushing. The problem is, the
             | people who are high around 130-140 need the machine at
             | least 20mm higher and would need a retake, which means more
             | time.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | I have an automatic at-home blood pressure device, and it
               | does the same thing. Not 200 mmHg, but high enough that
               | I'd freak out if I didn't know it was normal and would
               | let up soon enough[1]. Did the product designers do that
               | intentionally while still meeting a spec of "not
               | panicking the user in a way that would elevate blood
               | pressure" and getting approved for sale to non-
               | professionals?
               | 
               | It seems like this is genuinely hard to work around in
               | practice.
               | 
               | [1] I recall it being a staple of 80/90s tv, at least
               | Beavis and Butthead, to have a character use an auto
               | blood pressure device and freak out at being so clamped.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | There might be a repeatability thing. Always give the
               | full pressure then at least it's one less variable to
               | account for.
        
               | epcoa wrote:
               | Nah. Modern automatic cuffs are adaptive. They tend to
               | first run up pretty low (like 150), see if there is
               | signal. If not then they have to inflate more and more.
               | They tend to determine where to start next time based on
               | the last reading, so if it had the go up to 200 for the
               | last reading it'll start there next time. If the cuff is
               | a vise, excluding operator error the most likely cause is
               | actually having high blood pressure.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | One alternative is a cuff that measures on the upswing,
               | rather than the downswing. It does not tend to squeeze
               | quite as hard, because it stops as soon as it has the
               | systolic reading.
               | 
               | e.g. Omron BP7000
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Just to point, it's known that a sizeable segment of the
             | population reacts to the pressure measuring process with
             | increased blood pressure.
        
           | hirvi74 wrote:
           | > This is why you do readings three different times a day for
           | several days.
           | 
           | What good is this if my monitor is not as accurate as the one
           | at a doctor's office? It's not like my doctor would take my
           | monitor's readings over his.
        
             | devilbunny wrote:
             | You might be surprised. "White coat hypertension" is well-
             | known. Someone with a reliable set of readings from home
             | would be more convincing than someone who says "I get it
             | read at Walmart/CVS once a month and it's ok".
             | 
             | Your doctor's office's monitor isn't incredibly accurate.
             | If you want accurate, you need a mercury sphygmomanometer
             | to measure the pressure. Unless fundamental properties of
             | the universe have changed, it will also be comparable to
             | any other readings taken with mercury.
        
         | Mathnerd314 wrote:
         | I guess it depends on the study. If it is just comparing
         | between groups, the conclusions probably still hold if they
         | consistently measured blood pressure in the "incorrect" way. If
         | it is something like "85% of Americans have high blood
         | pressure", then probably the conclusions are incorrect because
         | they are comparing the "correct" baseline against an incorrect
         | measurement method. There are also other ways to measure blood
         | pressure, like recent smartwatches - so read the methods
         | section carefully, I guess.
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | As long as blood pressure variance is randomized then you're
         | getting a signal, and that happens when everyone is measured in
         | a similar way (or randomized to different ways). You don't need
         | perfect precision.
         | 
         | What you don't want is to make everyone who, say, smokes wear
         | the cuff while standing up while everyone else gets cuffed
         | lying down.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | > _and that happens when everyone is measured in a similar
           | way (or randomized to different ways)_
           | 
           | But that's exactly the issue -- that the similarity or
           | randomness is one way for one study, and another way for
           | another study, because of culturally different sets of nurses
           | and/or patients.
           | 
           | In other words, you're right it's not affecting results
           | _within_ a study, but it makes comparison _between_ studies
           | questionable.
           | 
           | And it makes it equally questionable whether a study's
           | results apply to _you_ , if your signal is 10 units off of a
           | study's signal, and occurs across a cutoff that determines
           | whether you should take a medication or not.
        
         | hluska wrote:
         | When my heart went to hell, I bought a blood pressure monitor.
         | Before I left the hospital, I had to agree to religiously test
         | my blood pressure three times a day at the exact same time.
         | Anything beyond that was a bonus, but to provide useful data I
         | needed those three readings a day.
         | 
         | As my cardiologist explained, 39 year olds don't randomly end
         | up spending a week in a cardiac ward so he needed better data
         | to form a holistic treatment plan.
        
         | ajuc wrote:
         | My wife had a Cryo Chamber Therapy for a few weeks and had to
         | measure pressure and pulse before each session so they let her
         | in. After about a week she was refused entry because her
         | pressure was too high (when she measured it at home - it was
         | normal).
         | 
         | Since then she had problems getting admited every time, and she
         | started to fear the measurement (she had to drive there during
         | work and do overtime later).
         | 
         | She started arguing with the guy and wasted like 5 days driving
         | there and back during work without having another session
         | because the pressure and pulse were too high (despite both
         | being OK at home).
         | 
         | Eventually she went to another person in that hospital to
         | measure her pressure. It was perfect. But when the guy near the
         | entrance to the cryo chamber measured it - it was too high to
         | let her enter.
         | 
         | They tried different instruments and the difference was the
         | same. When the guy measured it - it was too high. When somebody
         | else measured it - it was fine. Finally they let her do the
         | cryo chamber without the guy permission :)
         | 
         | We assumed the difference was just that she was anxious and
         | frustrated when she's seen the guy, but now I wonder if the
         | difference was the position in which he measured the pressure.
        
           | zifpanachr23 wrote:
           | Had the exact same thing happen when I was doing a Ketamine
           | therapy thing a while back, and I definitely think the
           | anxiousness about the reading had something to do with it.
           | 
           | I've always had perfectly okay blood pressure whenever I have
           | it done at a regular doctor's appointment, so I think knowing
           | that the reading actually matters definitely increases my
           | blood pressure. Ended up getting a doctor's note saying "they
           | don't actually have high blood pressure they are just
           | reacting normally to possibly having to be sent home and
           | reschedule" more or less.
        
         | lysace wrote:
         | I found that that the measured BP was consistently
         | significantly lower if I didn't look at the device's display
         | while it was doing it's thing. This at home, with a quality
         | device, after doing it many many times.
        
           | kyleee wrote:
           | Yes, i experiment with eyes open/closed as well
        
         | lottin wrote:
         | Exactly, this is my concern as well. They say you have to be
         | seated for 5 minutes at least, completely relaxed, not hungry,
         | not having to go the bathroom, in a quiet a room, it must not
         | be too hot or too cold, with both your feet on the ground,
         | before you can have your blood pressure measured, otherwise the
         | reading could be 'artificially' high. Really? It seems to me
         | that if you do all these preparations, the reading will be
         | artificially low, since such conditions are nothing like the
         | conditions that you'll typically find yourself in through the
         | day in your everyday life.
        
           | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
           | The goal is to get a clinically relevant measurement,
           | captured at rest under specific conditions, not a measurement
           | that's representative of a random moment during everyday
           | life.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | Reading around (e.g. [0]) it sounds like variance isn't
         | something researchers care for, probably with the assumption
         | that screening with a higher value is better than missing an
         | issue from a lower value.
         | 
         | We see the same for body temperature (speed and convenience is
         | usually prioritized over accuracy) and weight (2% variation is
         | largely accepted). Afterall guidelines are already off as by
         | definition, as they don't account for individual circumstances,
         | so perhaps aiming for accuracy is useless in most settings.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-
         | pr...
        
         | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
         | My doctor was handing me, hypertension, pamphlets, and talking
         | about medication.
         | 
         | Finally realized, that I was habitually late, getting to my
         | appointments and always taking the stairs.
         | 
         | Don't do that.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | Also doctors and nurses are known to do an abject awful job of
         | measuring bp according to the defined procedure. It's usually
         | way off when taken clinically.
         | 
         | Ars article here but there's plenty in pubmed too.
         | 
         | https://arstechnica.com/health/2024/10/your-doctors-office-c...
         | 
         | [edit] The prep guidance is...
         | 
         | > You must not eat, drink, exercise, or smoke within 30 minutes
         | of a reading. You must have an empty bladder. You must sit
         | straight up in a chair with back support. Your legs must be
         | uncrossed and your feet must be flat on the ground. The arm to
         | be measured must be rested on a flat surface so that it is at
         | the same level as your heart, not lower, not higher. You must
         | sit calmly, without talking for five minutes to relax before
         | the reading. When it's time, an appropriately sized cuff should
         | be wrapped around your bare upper arm, right above the elbow;
         | it should never be wrapped over clothing. At least two readings
         | should be taken, with the average recorded. Ideally, readings
         | should be taken in both arms, with the highest readings
         | recorded.
         | 
         | When was the last time you got it measured properly? Literally
         | never for me in a clinical setting. I don't know why they
         | bother honestly.
        
       | swores wrote:
       | I've never looked into research on this subject, but I always
       | assumed this was already well established and known - and it was
       | definitely somewhat already either known or at least believed to
       | be the case:
       | 
       | - Every doctor in the UK I've ever seen do a BP test has made
       | sure the patient's arm is in the right position, rested on a
       | table/cushion if needed, in a way that matches the findings in
       | this study (and while I've only needed my own BP tested once or
       | twice, I've sat in on many, many doctors while they tested the BP
       | of family members of mine).
       | 
       | - My home BP device is a Braun wrist cuff (and is at least a few
       | years old), which has a built in feature that uses an
       | accelerometer to guide you to raise your arm until it's at an
       | angle which means your wrist is at the same level as your heart
       | (this one: https://www.cora.health/guide/best-blood-pressure-
       | monitor/#1... )
        
         | tocs3 wrote:
         | Can you trick the Braun device into thinking your wrist is
         | level with you heart?
        
           | swores wrote:
           | Yes - it's just a digital spirit level of sorts, that instead
           | of being calibrated to align with the ground is calibrated
           | such that, based on typical angles and dimensions of a human
           | body leads to the wearer holding their arm up in front of
           | them with the device in line with the heart.
           | 
           | Here's what it looks like, the device won't start until
           | you've got the ball to hover in the middle circle, but it has
           | no way of knowing if you're doing it properly or if you're
           | lying down or leaning your body forwards or whatever else
           | would mean that the angles no longer put it level with your
           | heart.
           | 
           | https://imgur.com/a/pV6xcpc
           | 
           | edit to add: so when used correctly it looks roughly like
           | this - https://m.media-amazon.com/images/S/aplus-
           | media/vc/573a171a-...
           | 
           | Basically the same logic as, for traditional upper arm cuff
           | devices, giving the instruction to rest your arm on something
           | next to you that allows your forearm to be resting both
           | comfortably and straight, parallel to the floor - which
           | again, doesn't technically mean the middle of your upper arm
           | _must_ be level with your heart, but since nobody would
           | really be comfortable putting their forearm flat on a low
           | down coffee table or a high up standing desk it works as a
           | proxy that 's simpler than asking people to think about
           | lining anything up with their internal organs.
        
       | tired-turtle wrote:
       | Blood pressure measurements at the doctor are the bane of my
       | (medical) existence. Mix minor white coat syndrome with time
       | blindness and you suddenly have high blood pressure because you
       | barreled up the stairs to the second floor office moments before
       | the nurse took a reading.
       | 
       | My doctor was initially befuddled because by all other metrics I
       | am in good health, but it's amazing how you can go from 90/55 at
       | home to 140/75 at the office. We do the measurement at the end of
       | the appointment now to varying success.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Weird, I ride my bike to the doctor, my heart rate is often
         | elevated from the ride and my blood pressure is still normal
         | (barely above low - though I've had enough different tests over
         | the years to believe that exercise is having nearly zero
         | effect)
        
         | atahanacar wrote:
         | Literally the first year of medical school, we were taught to
         | let the patient rest for at least 5 minutes before taking
         | vitals, while also asking about recent exercises or caffeine
         | intake. This reduces the likelihood of a mistake, but white
         | coat hypertension is still a thing. That's why we also teach
         | them/relatives how to correctly measure BP on their own and ask
         | them to measure it at home, preferably after waking up before
         | eating anything.
        
           | ajuc wrote:
           | My wife has one specific guy doing the measurement that she
           | hates and when he measures her pressure it's like 10-20
           | higher.
           | 
           | It's also the guy that measures pressure before letting
           | people enter to the cryo chamber, so she spend about a week
           | rescheduling and arguing with him to let her in.
           | 
           | When she went to another person at the hospital her pressure
           | was perfectly fine, and switching the instruments didn't
           | helped - if THE guy measured it - it was too high - when it
           | was somebody else - it was OK, no matter the instrument used
           | :)
        
             | atahanacar wrote:
             | Definitely possible. Blood pressure fluctuates during the
             | day. Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes
             | the BP to increase. So technically the measurements were
             | "correct", but it was misleading because when talking about
             | BP we normally mean "resting BP".
        
       | eagerpace wrote:
       | I am not a doctor and this is not advice. This is a standard
       | medical test I have completely given up on any doctor to perform
       | accurately. I do it myself at home once or twice a month. I do it
       | with the same device, in the same chair, at the same desk, the
       | same time of day, after I've ate and drank the same thing. Yes, I
       | still let everyone take it because it's typically a precondition
       | of receiving care but my readings at home are completely
       | different and give me a more accurate data point that actually
       | makes me feel good about the progress I've been making on my
       | health.
       | 
       | I'm actively looking for more healthcare I can do this way. I
       | trust my data and it all coming together on the safety of my
       | personal device. We don't need doctors with extremely limited
       | datasets to do this and try to find obscure correlations for us.
        
         | AStonesThrow wrote:
         | > typically a precondition of receiving care
         | 
         | I've achieved exciting results by flatly refusing vitals checks
         | at each and every medical appointment. Especially
         | psychiatrists. The PCPs always gamely admire my self-reported
         | histories and graphs, commenting how nicely the trend line goes
         | down, and then completely dismiss the results in their clinical
         | notes.
         | 
         | However, I did lock horns with a particular chiropractor. I
         | filled out the "pre-existing conditions" form with candor and
         | honesty. I permitted a BP check. (His method was 100% manual
         | sphygmomanometer.)
         | 
         | Then he informed me that he wouldn't touch me until my BP was
         | controlled and normal. Yes, a chiropractor, not a cardiac
         | surgeon. Geez.
         | 
         | In the past, I've tried to avoid submitting to blood draws and
         | labs, because those are 100% fishing expeditions, and not
         | actually attempting to diagnose a complaint or symptoms. (They
         | love to misdiagnose hypothyroid or diabetes so they can begin
         | destroying your endocrines.)
         | 
         | Unfortunately, clinics do these orders on a schedule, so if you
         | avoid labs for a while, the orders simply pile up until they
         | contrive to get them all done. I couldn't win. Still putting
         | off colonoscopy: 2.5 years late, and counting!
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | But why go to these practitioners if you don't trust them ?
           | Nobody should be forcing you. Is it because you want access
           | to treatment solely on your own terms ?
        
           | atahanacar wrote:
           | >Still putting off colonoscopy
           | 
           | I hope you won't regret putting it off.
           | 
           | >They love to misdiagnose hypothyroid or diabetes so they can
           | begin destroying your endocrines
           | 
           | Yes, my favorite pastime when I'm bored of treating "actual"
           | diseases.
           | 
           | I fail to understand how a well-educated group of people
           | (aka. HN) can be this against the scientific method.
        
         | kaycebasques wrote:
         | > after I've ate and drank the same thing
         | 
         | My doctor recommended doing it first thing in the morning,
         | before eating or drinking anything. That's probably an easier
         | way for the general population to establish a consistent
         | baseline
        
           | atahanacar wrote:
           | It's not only easier, but the actual correct way of doing it.
           | That's why your doctor recommended it.
        
         | atahanacar wrote:
         | >This is a standard medical test I have completely given up on
         | any doctor to perform accurately. I do it myself at home once
         | or twice a month. I do it with the same device, in the same
         | chair, at the same desk, the same time of day, after I've ate
         | and drank the same thing.
         | 
         | You are assuming the average patient is this careful about
         | measuring their BP, or anything about their health. You are
         | also assuming the average patient measures their BP correctly,
         | which is obviously untrue as evidenced by some other comments
         | on this post. You are also assuming patients always tell the
         | truth about their own measurements.
         | 
         | >We don't need doctors with extremely limited datasets to do
         | this and try to find obscure correlations for us.
         | 
         | I don't understand what you mean by this. None of us finds
         | obscure correlations with limited datasets. We don't diagnose
         | someone over a single BP measurement.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | > We don't diagnose someone over a single BP measurement.
           | 
           | Yeah I feel like no doctor of mine has ever been the type to
           | do that. My current PCP wouldn't prescribe meds for
           | hypertension until after I took my own BP at home for a month
           | (it was not catastrophically high when measured at his
           | office, he might have taken a different approach in that
           | situation).
        
             | atahanacar wrote:
             | Even with a catastrophically high measurement, no doctor
             | would diagnose with a single data point. At worst, they
             | would ask the patient to measure at home multiple times a
             | day, after teaching the correct method of measurement. At
             | best, they would do an ambulatory monitoring.
        
       | Spivak wrote:
       | Honestly I'm not sure what a single point-in-time reading even
       | accomplishes. I've been hooked up to a continuous blood pressure
       | monitor a few times and it's always fun to see how low I can get
       | it. It seems pretty useless without seeing where it fluctuates
       | over time not in a doctor's office.
        
         | iwaztomack wrote:
         | How do these work? You can't stay compressed all the time? Is
         | it intravenal?
        
           | Spivak wrote:
           | The ones I've been hooked up to just compress every few
           | minutes so not terribly fancy.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | Once, when hospitalized, I had an arterial BP monitor that
           | was continuous. The last systolic number I remember seeing
           | before passing out from sepsis was in the 70s.
        
       | WarOnPrivacy wrote:
       | Automated BP cuffs painfully over-inflate; my BP is 20+/15+
       | higher when they're used.
       | 
       | I ask nurses to take my BP manually.
        
         | SirMaster wrote:
         | Hmm, I find that the tighter the cuff goes, the lower my
         | reading goes...
        
         | elric wrote:
         | I had a similar issue, which was remedied by getting a larger
         | cuff. In retrospect it makes sense that one size does not fit
         | all, and apparently my biceps are on the larger side.
        
           | rscho wrote:
           | Cuff sizes are targeted to a range of arm sizes. The range
           | should be stated either on the cuff or in the manual. Using
           | improper sizes over/underestimates the pressure values.
        
       | BenFranklin100 wrote:
       | I've never seen a discussion how 'reactive' one is
       | physiologically either when discussing BP. That is, is one the
       | kind of person who is generally calm throughout the day, or is
       | one who has larger swings based on various stimuli? I've had
       | readings as high as 155/95 when stressed rushing to a doctor's
       | office visit and readings as low as 105/62 when calmer. I suspect
       | blood pressures varies wildly through the day, and this variation
       | depends on a person's physiology.
        
         | hluska wrote:
         | I had a major heart scare when I was 39 so I'm quite obsessed
         | with my blood pressure. This is anecdata based off of my own
         | experience with my heart, brain and body.
         | 
         | (Note that this is based off of someone capable of developing a
         | heart problem in his late thirties so hopefully none of this
         | will apply.)
         | 
         | Before I started running for fun, running up to a doctor's
         | office would absolutely spike my blood pressure. That was a
         | combination of anxiety (which is/was an issue), cardiovascular
         | health and basic physical reactions to exertion. Since I
         | started running for fun, that relationship has completely
         | changed. I don't get the anxiety based blood pressure changes
         | because I find running really fun and rewarding.
         | 
         | When I lift weights, my blood pressure will read a little
         | higher for at least 24 hours after. The heavier I lift, the
         | more my blood pressure will lift. I see a similar relationship
         | with volume, but it's not as linear as weight. So if I have to
         | do fifty total reps to failure my blood pressure will be
         | higher, but not as high as if I had done ten total reps to
         | failure.
         | 
         | Food and alcohol have tremendous impacts. Cannabis has an
         | impact but nowhere near the impact of either food or alcohol.
         | Armed only with blood pressure data, I could make a good case
         | for fast food and beer to be illegal. My case wouldn't be as
         | strong for cannabis. Caffeine is really fucking weird - it
         | increases blood pressure up to the point of addiction. Then,
         | not feeding the addiction will spike my blood pressure even
         | more.
         | 
         | And I haven't even begun to talk about how heavily my brain is
         | involved. I dealt with undiagnosed ADHD through developing some
         | very obsessive habits. As a consequence, I can quite literally
         | obsess my way back to blood pressure medication.
         | 
         | Judging by how much personal data I have on my blood pressure,
         | I'm sure you're very surprised that I tend to be obsessive. :)
         | 
         | So anecdotally, you are 100% correct. But I can add some more
         | anecdotes to hopefully ease your mind. When I got out of the
         | hospital, I had to promise my cardiologist three perfect
         | readings a day; meaning that I would religiously check my blood
         | pressure at the same three times each day. Needless to say, I
         | checked it way more than that. But there is an awareness that
         | different levels of need require different levels of scrutiny.
         | 
         | The only part I still wonder is if my cardiologist knew that
         | giving an obsessive person metrics would lead me into running.
         | This may have just been a way to get me back into shape.
        
         | atahanacar wrote:
         | >I've never seen a discussion how 'reactive' one is
         | physiologically
         | 
         | Then you have never looked for it. This is pretty basic stuff
         | taught in the very first year of the medical school.
         | 
         | >when stressed rushing to a doctor's office visit
         | 
         | Even has a name: white coat hypertension.
         | 
         | >I suspect blood pressures varies wildly through the day, and
         | this variation depends on a person's physiology.
         | 
         | Yes it absolutely does. Just like your heart rate varies
         | throughout the day, your BP keeps changing as well. That's why
         | we like to measure it over 24 hours before any diagnosis.
        
       | iwaztomack wrote:
       | 4~7 mmHg isn't going to make or break a hypertension diagnoses.
       | 20~30 mmHg definitely.
        
         | aksss wrote:
         | This shouldn't be downvoted.
         | 
         | If you're +-7 in your reading, don't panic yet. If you're there
         | with a stage 1 or 2 hypertension diagnosis (130-140+ systolic),
         | the margin of error discussed in this article isn't necessarily
         | meaningless, but remarkably close to it - you need to address
         | an issue there.
         | 
         | More as a PSA for you hardworking programmers and IT managers
         | out there: if you have chronic hypertension, address it sooner
         | than later. If you think to yourself that you'll start jogging
         | daily starting next week, and your doctor is giving you the
         | option for meds, just get on the damn meds. If you start an
         | exercise regimen that can quantifiably manage it without the
         | meds later, great. Don't let the perfect be the enemy of the
         | good. Hypertension is the silent killer, and before it kills it
         | contributes to all sorts of other bad problems and conditions.
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | Hypertension can also make you feel like crap. It made my
           | chest feel tight, which did not help my anxiety.
        
             | aksss wrote:
             | Yeah, I empathize. Glad you're doing better now, assuming
             | you are. I would get awful headaches and nausea (like hide
             | in a dark room, photophobic, overly sensitive to sound,
             | smells, wishing I could chop my head off). For years I
             | didn't connect the two. Felt like getting the worst two-day
             | hangover without having drank anything, but if I had
             | measured my blood pressure at the time it would have been
             | well over 150. I clocked in at 170 during one of those
             | episodes when I went to urgent care. For years I had just
             | dismissed as having overdid it the prior week and just
             | needed to rest. Even if you can put up with the pain like a
             | badass, it's not healthy for your system to be redlining so
             | often. It does its damage in the aggregate.
        
       | aranchelk wrote:
       | As a just-in-time bordering on chronically late individual
       | (typical engineer), sprinting on foot or bicycle to the doctor's
       | office has led to some unusually high reading.
        
       | btilly wrote:
       | I've never seen a nurse not insist on the right position.
       | 
       | However I've always wondered how much of a difference my long
       | torso makes when my blood pressure is measured. I'm 6'3", and
       | it's mostly torso. The result is that a table that is the right
       | height for most people, is low for me. And adjusting the table to
       | match my body is something that I've seen a lot of variation on.
        
         | reneherse wrote:
         | Seems it would be easy to equip exam rooms with a set of basic
         | foam blocks that could help with patient positioning for this
         | and other routine procedures.
         | 
         | Can any medical professionals chime in on how it's usually done
         | for tall folks?
         | 
         | "Long torso body type" is, in general, an under-appreciated
         | factor in ergonomics and product design, IMO.
         | 
         | A couple of off-the-cuff examples:
         | 
         | -The longer your torso, the worse a laptop computer affects
         | your neck and posture. For long folks, upright posture requires
         | keyboard and monitor to be vertically separated even more than
         | most off-the-shelf monitor/desk/keyboard trays will allow. So a
         | monitor hinged directly to a keyboard is the worst of all
         | possible configurations.
         | 
         | -Most recent automotive seats seem to force the head forward,
         | excessively curving the spine, and the longer the torso the
         | worse the effect.
         | 
         | On the opposite side of the bell curve, a safe driving position
         | is hard to achieve for drivers around 5ft tall and under.
         | Correct/safe distance from airbags and pedals seems to be
         | overlooked for those of shorter stature.
         | 
         | I wish solving problems experienced by body proportion outliers
         | was a higher priority for product companies.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | Add clothes to that list. It's such a pain in the butt to
           | find shirts made for people who are long torso without ending
           | up with a shirt that's larger in every other dimension too.
           | Even ones specifically labeled 'tall'
        
       | mise_en_place wrote:
       | I was also fed up with inaccurate readings, and was trying to
       | prototype a medical device that would have an adjustable cuff
       | based on arm size. I ran it by my concierge doc, but apparently
       | the latest tech is to use light waves to measure BP, similar to
       | how wearables are doing pulse OX and Heart Rate. The technique is
       | known as Photoplethysmography (PPG).
        
         | rscho wrote:
         | There are devices that are sold with various swappable cuff
         | sizes.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | I can lower the results by 10-20 points just by breathing deeply
       | during the reading.
        
         | rscho wrote:
         | Yes, everyone can do that to some extent.
        
       | floam wrote:
       | Only time I ever recall a nurse that insisted on doing BP
       | measurements wrong was .. in jail. And not like all the nurses
       | there, just this one person who did not care about anything
       | besides flirting with corrections officers and getting the hell
       | out of there ASAP.
        
       | bonoboTP wrote:
       | Real-life medical practice is basically going through the
       | motions, then intuitively guessing the issue, prescribing
       | something common since most cases are so banal and next patient
       | please.
       | 
       | Engineer-minded people can discover lots and lots of such
       | "obvious" issues in healthcare and of course the answer isn't
       | that nobody would've guessed it, it just doesn't matter.
       | Healthcare (outside of very specific diagnosable illnesses) is
       | 90%+ medicine theater. People expect some pills, they want a few
       | words with someone in a white coat, and their problem goes away
       | usually by itself. Chronic persistent issues without obvious
       | cause befuddle docs and they often don't find anything even after
       | lots of tests.
       | 
       | Our better health and longevity today is more due to better work
       | conditions, better food, better sanitation and food preservation,
       | basic vaccines, basic disinfectants, basics like penicillin,
       | smoking less etc. And the low hanging fruit to improve further is
       | lifestyle: eating/drinking fewer calories (especially less sugary
       | stuff), exercising/sleeping more and having better social
       | connections. None of it is particularly arcane or in need of
       | precise measurement.
        
         | rscho wrote:
         | > Engineer-minded people can discover lots and lots of such
         | "obvious" issues in healthcare
         | 
         | It is a defining characteristic of "engineer-minded people" to
         | think they understand better than others. Amusingly, they won't
         | pretend to repair their car engine better than a mechanic, but
         | they will strongly believe they understand all the bad tricks
         | and failings of doctors. They almost never understand that
         | current medicine is mostly experience and not hard science.
         | Future medicine is science. 2024 medicine is not, and cannot
         | be.
        
       | quantadev wrote:
       | I'm convinced most people take BP wrong.
       | 
       | Here's how:
       | 
       | Lie down on a bed on your back, and put the cuff on your arm and
       | get the 'button' within reach of your finger to turn it on. Then
       | completely relax (and DO NOT move) with soft music or whatever.
       | Then without moving your body at all, after 10 minutes (at least)
       | push the button to start the pressurization and reading.
       | 
       | This gives an accurate reading and is often DRAMATICALLY lower
       | than if you don't do it this way. I was convinced I had super
       | high potentially life-threatening BP until I learned this.
       | 
       | Now if you want to see I'm right, get up and walk around some and
       | then sit back down and take another reading. It will be
       | noticeably higher, because your heart starts pumping harder even
       | from minimal movement.
        
         | geye1234 wrote:
         | I don't disagree, but wouldn't the counterargument be that the
         | 120/80 and 140/90 thresholds (or whatever they've redefined
         | hypertension as) apply precisely to sitting rather than lying,
         | and after only a minute's stillness, rather than ten? And also
         | that you spend 16 hours out of 24 not lying down?
        
         | epcoa wrote:
         | You don't live your day to day life listening to soft music,
         | lying down ready to doze. If your BP is elevated due to stress
         | throughout the day it's elevated, you will accumulate the
         | harms. Idealizing conditions also gives a misleading reading.
         | 
         | > Now if you want to see I'm right, get up and walk around some
         | and then sit back down and take another reading.
         | 
         | This doesn't prove you're right, just demonstrates normal
         | physiology. Kind of like saying when you dyno an engine you
         | should do it at idle. That is a valid measurement, just not the
         | one that's interesting.
         | 
         | In a healthy adult you will see a more significant increase in
         | systolic pressure, but mean pressure shouldn't rise nearly as
         | greatly.
         | 
         | What you're trying to observe is not the minimum ideal (your
         | method) nor the short term maximums but an average of normal
         | activity.
         | 
         | There's a reason why ambulatory BP monitoring is the gold
         | standard for diagnosing hypertension.
        
         | atahanacar wrote:
         | >This gives an accurate reading and is often DRAMATICALLY lower
         | 
         | Just because it gives lower results doesn't mean it's more
         | accurate. I can raise my arm during measurement or use a
         | tourniquet above the cuff and get a lower result. That doesn't
         | mean the measurement is accurate at all.
         | 
         | There are standardized procedures on how to measure BP. Your
         | "accurate" method is not one of them.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | I've heard that for some people it's exactly the opposite.
         | Standard procedure, IIRC, is to have the arm resting in a
         | position that puts the cuff right about even with your heart.
         | But some people get really big jumps in BP when supine, and
         | I've heard it suggested that doctors might want to start doing
         | their BP tests in that position because those people may not
         | get diagnosed correctly despite spending a third of every day
         | with high blood pressure.
        
       | geye1234 wrote:
       | Quite a few people here report getting anxious even when taking
       | their BP themselves:
       | 
       | https://www.innerhealthstudio.com/phobia-taking-blood-pressu...
       | 
       | I'm one of them. I bought a device with memory and covered the
       | screen with a piece of card. Then I take BP for two weeks and
       | ignore the first few days' readings. I seem to get used to it
       | after a few days. This gets me readings that are very close to
       | 120/80.
       | 
       | I've had anxiety about blood pressure ever since running for an
       | appointment, while being on the first day of a new job when I was
       | really amped up, and so (of course) had a dangerously high
       | reading. I still remember the guy's eyes widening as he looked at
       | the screen. Ever since then I've hated having BP taken and I can
       | feel my BP and pulse increasing the moment I step into a doctor's
       | office. Fortunately my doctor understands and doesn't try to push
       | pills on me.
       | 
       | I wish there were some way of measuring BP without knowing it's
       | being done. The act of measurement can greatly affect the result,
       | which is counter-productive in several ways (not the least of
       | which is un-needed anxiety).
       | 
       | York Cardiologist on Youtube is good on BP, and why apparently
       | high BP should not automatically mean pills, although undoubtedly
       | it _sometimes_ should. (Usual disclaimer: this is not medical
       | advice, ask your doctor about your specific situation.)
        
         | johnfn wrote:
         | I remember when I was a kid, the doctor thought that my blood
         | pressure was too high. Of course, I was just anxious because I
         | knew they were going to give me a shot. What kid wouldn't be??
         | He took it again after I got the shot and it went back down to
         | normal.
        
       | jeffreyrogers wrote:
       | Wearing a waffle pattern shirt can also make the reading high. My
       | blood pressure is 20 points higher if I wear a waffle pattern
       | shirt than if I take it off.
        
         | sieste wrote:
         | That sounds like the guy who thought he had a leather allergy
         | because whenever he woke up with his shoes still on he had a
         | terrible headache and felt nauseous.
        
       | unsupp0rted wrote:
       | > "If you are consistently measuring blood pressure with an
       | unsupported arm, and that gives you an overestimated BP of 6.5
       | mmHg, that's a potential difference between a systolic BP of 123
       | and 130, or 133 and 140--which is considered stage 2
       | hypertension,"
       | 
       | Okay, but that's a small and borderline difference?
        
       | atahanacar wrote:
       | Yet another medical topic being discussed on HN, with comments
       | full of disinformation and skeptics that think they've noticed
       | something new that doctors have missed. Remember people, don't
       | take medical advice from HN.
        
         | rscho wrote:
         | Those topics are fascinating. They reflect how a pretty well-
         | educated population subset thinks about healthcare. It's almost
         | always entertaining!
        
           | atahanacar wrote:
           | Definitely increases my BP though. Imagine someone ignoring
           | their own health problems because they believed what a HN
           | commenter said.
        
             | rscho wrote:
             | Well, it's clearly an echo chamber. There's very little
             | actual transmission of knowledge in those topics. It's
             | almost always about confirming pre existing beliefs. I'm an
             | MD too, but I've been raised by scientists. Scientists in
             | my own family entertain the same beliefs exhibited by
             | HNers, to surprising extremes such as dismissing the effect
             | of even very well understood drugs.
             | 
             | Last year, my father stopped his blood pressure meds and
             | was very surprised when I could guess he'd stopped just by
             | looking at him, then proceeded to explain how the drugs
             | acted, and got even more surprised when he got much better
             | 15 min after taking them again. Since then, he totally
             | forgot about this event and is in complete denial. You
             | can't change beliefs by explanation. People have to get to
             | their own conclusions, otherwise you're just fighting
             | windmills all the time.
        
               | atahanacar wrote:
               | Nice to see a fellow MD (very possibly older and more
               | experienced than me) on HN.
               | 
               | >he totally forgot about this event and is in complete
               | denial.
               | 
               | I can never understand this, especially with well
               | educated people like your father or mine. I can't get
               | mine to agree to go see a doctor (other than me - he
               | doesn't believe me when I tell him something about
               | medicine) for anything, even when there are obvious
               | problems with his health.
        
       | Dove wrote:
       | I am a skeptic about the diagnostic criteria for hypertension,
       | and especially about low targets for management. Cochrane did a
       | meta review not long ago that made it sound like the signal was
       | pretty weak below about 160/100 (as you might expect, if the
       | measurement wasn't very accurate, which I don't think it is). I'm
       | not saying it's not dangerous at much higher levels, but if
       | you're freaking out at 140/90 because a chart says STAGE TWO, imo
       | you can take a chill pill.
       | 
       | https://www.cochranelibrary.com/cdsr/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD...
       | 
       | (Disclaimer - I am not A doctor, and I am definitely not YOUR
       | doctor, just an interested party who thinks the science smells
       | funny.)
        
       | rscho wrote:
       | Pressure cuffs are sensitive to many factors outside blood
       | pressure and are are pretty imprecise: news at eleven!
        
       | m463 wrote:
       | every time I get my blood pressure measured, my arm hangs on some
       | scaffolding thing the blood pressure cuff hangs from. not even an
       | armrest. Height is also not really standard.
       | 
       | that said, arm was not in my lap, and not hanging freely at my
       | side.
        
       | crtified wrote:
       | Putting aside the implementation technicalities, which I know
       | nothing about, I'm convinced that markedly superior outcomes will
       | be driven by something (e.g. watch-like devices) that captures
       | entire weeks worth of regular BP readings across all times of day
       | and night to provide a significant body of data.
        
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