[HN Gopher] Germany's 49-euro ticket resulted in significant shi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Germany's 49-euro ticket resulted in significant shift from road to
       rail
        
       Author : mpweiher
       Score  : 753 points
       Date   : 2024-10-12 14:47 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.mcc-berlin.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.mcc-berlin.net)
        
       | server_man3000 wrote:
       | Didn't this start as unlimited anywhere for 9 euros no strings
       | attached?
       | 
       | I LOVE the German transit system (although Denmark wins in
       | cleanliness). However, Germany is a bit predatory with this new
       | system. You can ONLY purchase this ticket as a subscription
       | model. If you're a tourist, you must cancel before the 10th of
       | the month or you get auto rebilled.
       | 
       | Additionally, there are so many apps that resell the ticket as
       | some white label system, so it was very confusing to purchase
       | (you cannot buy them at the machines).
       | 
       | The price hike is the wrong direction here if we are reducing
       | that much time on the road. Kudos though for the great rail
       | systems. The USA has a lot to learn here and it's baffling how
       | terrible it is here. I doubt I'd ever need a car in Germany given
       | the rail system was much more convenient. In the USA I spend
       | 10-15 mins trying to park any time I go anywhere
        
         | luto wrote:
         | It started with 9EUR, is 49EUR now, and will be 58EUR starting
         | 2025.
         | 
         | You can buy for a single month when booking through the right
         | company. "mo.pal" is a good one, for example. However, I agree
         | that it is a bit predatory.
        
         | geraldwhen wrote:
         | Germany is smaller than California. The United States is very,
         | very large place, mostly unpopulated. It's hard to apply
         | whatever Germany, a small, densely populated country does to
         | the US, which is largely empty land.
        
           | waveBidder wrote:
           | Look, nobody is talking about Nebraska. the density of the
           | east coast is easily high enough to support high speed high
           | quality rail.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | That's why they call it "flyover country". Not "railover
             | country".
        
           | Larrikin wrote:
           | Why do we have to pretend that routes between Montana and
           | South Dakota have to come up when discussing ways of
           | improving rail usage in the US? We could treat routes between
           | Chicago, Milwaukee, and Indianapolis like Germany. We could
           | treat high speed rail in California or the Northeast like
           | Japan. Choosing to live in an extremely rural area shouldn't
           | just be a "well it doesn't help" me trump card to defeat
           | things that will help most of the population.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Exactly. Always _somebody_ trots out invalid arguments
             | about size and population density. There are smaller states
             | in the USA that are about as dense as Germany, like
             | Maryland and Connecticut. So, why don 't those states have
             | great state-wide public transit systems?
        
             | adamc wrote:
             | The politics at the national level are likely to be that
             | states not helped by this vote against it.
        
               | twodave wrote:
               | Yep, federal income tax is a big reason. For states to
               | fund this on their own requires additional taxation. Some
               | places like FL don't even have a state income tax, so
               | they are stuck trying to get tourists to fund
               | transportation projects somehow or increasing sales taxes
               | or higher tolls. And of course higher tolls have the
               | unfortunate side effect of reducing demand for the thing
               | to begin with.
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | Maybe we should work on making one vote to be equal in
               | the nation.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | This is a boring trope. Whether it's a group of United
               | States or a single State is a debate as old as the
               | country. You're going to need really compelling reasons
               | for states to give up their representation and
               | participate in the state vote required to amend the
               | constitution to remove their rights.
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | It was a valid debate back when travelling to the capitol
               | took months by horse. Nowadays everyone uses services
               | from other states on a daily basis, and possibly _work in
               | another state_ (with WFH) on a daily basis. It 's pretty
               | darn clear that the USA simply could not exist as a bunch
               | of separate states anymore.
               | 
               | And frankly, states are already giving up their
               | representation in the current system. If you're not a
               | swing state, you're irrelevant. If you live in a
               | populated state, you have a second-class vote.
               | 
               | If the USA had a modern voting system and anyone proposed
               | the current pile of junk, they would be laughed out of
               | the room.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | > And frankly, states are already giving up their
               | representation in the current system. If you're not a
               | swing state, you're irrelevant.
               | 
               | You're talking about presidential elections, which are a
               | tiny slice of the picture. Wyoming has 2 senators and so
               | does California. That's huge for Wyoming.
               | 
               | > It was a valid debate back when travelling to the
               | capitol took months by horse. Nowadays everyone uses
               | services from other states on a daily basis, and possibly
               | work in another state (with WFH) on a daily basis. It's
               | pretty darn clear that the USA simply could not exist as
               | a bunch of separate states anymore.
               | 
               | None of this is relevant because crossing states to work
               | has been a thing since the founding of the country. The
               | only meaningful difference between the founding and now
               | is the massive expansion of the duties of the federal
               | government
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | > states to give up their representation
               | 
               | > their rights
               | 
               | You talk about states as if they are people. But they are
               | not. States are a fiction invented by people (and let's
               | be honest, by rich and powerful people), and so they can
               | be torn down by people (likely not the rich and
               | powerful).
               | 
               | "State representation" and "states' rights" are not
               | compelling to most people, other than via some vague
               | appeal to "isn't it great that New Mexico can do one
               | thing and Maine can do something else?", which by itself
               | does not require "state representation" or the current
               | ideas of "states' rights".
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | States are organizations of people. Boosted
               | representation isn't compelling to people who don't care,
               | but the people in smaller states do care. It means more
               | fed govt consideration when it comes to regulatory
               | decisions and funding.
               | 
               | Your post of "bUt thEYre nOt pEOple" is pointless. When
               | people talk about the rights of governments nobody is
               | saying that the government is a person.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | If federal rules provide some version of equal treatment,
               | then "boosted representation" for small states is about
               | nothing but a desire for local power.
               | 
               | There's no reason for smaller states to get less money
               | per capita for schools, or less money per mile for US
               | highways, or less money per million dollars of damage
               | from a natural disaster. And indeed, they do not, because
               | we have historically believed in fairness.
               | 
               | However, the idea that the 300k residents of Wyoming
               | should be able to exert outsize power of regulatory
               | decisions just because "they are a state" is anti-
               | democratic. We put the things we don't want majoritarian
               | decisions on into the constitution; the rest is up for a
               | vote, and a handful of people shouldn't be able to veto
               | the decision of the many just because they happen to be
               | clustered in one place.
        
             | BirAdam wrote:
             | Another significant issue is that the USA wasn't built for
             | rail, and to do so now requires sign off by land owners,
             | municipalities, and so on. The amount NIMBY-oriented
             | policies in California, for example, is a serious
             | impediment. Oddly, people cite rural areas as an issue, but
             | rural areas aren't typically an issue. It would be
             | comparably inexpensive to run high speed rail over
             | undeveloped land, while tearing up buildings, roads, water,
             | sewer, and power would be tremendously costly. For much of
             | Europe, rail transport was put in place long before
             | automobiles became commonplace. For much of the USA, the
             | cities didn't even exist at that time, and they were mostly
             | built around automobiles.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Rail was famously first in the USA, and you can still see
               | politics focused around rail as the main long distance
               | transportation merely a century ago.
               | 
               | But yes, there was a lot of car-centric buildup (and
               | maybe even some new cities??) since then.
        
               | BirAdam wrote:
               | For places like NYC, Chicago, Boston, yeah. And we see
               | rail in those locations. We do not see rail in towns and
               | suburbs around those areas. In Atlanta, for example,
               | MARTA exists, but NIMBY policies in Northern suburban
               | counties keep it from expanding. This is especially bad
               | considering more people live in those counties than in
               | the city proper. Further, even if one could get sign-off,
               | the cost to acquire the property required would be
               | incredibly costly. Land prices are historically high, and
               | after acquisition would need to be cleared and then rail
               | would need to be laid. Unless the USA wants to get rid of
               | compensation for imminent domain seizure, I don't know
               | how this kind of rail development would ever be done.
        
             | tetha wrote:
             | We also have a similarly frustrating kind of arguments in
             | germany itself.
             | 
             | Like, focus on public transport won't work. Because in some
             | tiny towns of 30k people living there, there is never a bus
             | around so why care? Like... dude. In Hamburg, we have
             | subway stations that move more people in minutes than
             | people live in your town. Yes, it may not work on your
             | case. Your case is however a side note. It needs
             | consideration, but not focus.
             | 
             | Or electric vehicles. There are interesting questions about
             | electric vehicles in uncontrolled situations, emergency
             | services and long-distance situations. As well as regions
             | without a good charging infrastructure. Yes. These are
             | problematic. Except, most likely, more unique cars drive
             | past my window in an hour on a workday than exist in that
             | tiny town. Just keep your ICE car for the trip to spain you
             | never take by car, but we should optimize the vehicles in
             | cities. Again, it needs consideration, but not focus.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | Because those states are part of the same federal
             | government and they have a say in what the federal
             | government does. These rail systems almost always require
             | federal government level investments.
        
           | shantara wrote:
           | And how many people regularly commute across the United
           | States? The absolute majority of the journeys people make
           | regularly is still quite short, so why not start by
           | optimizing for them? Then continue with building high speed
           | intercity connections between the urban areas with <500 km
           | distance to create valuable alternatives to being stuck in
           | the highway traffic and dealing with the airport security
           | nonsense.
           | 
           | Why do you always think that you need to reinvent a tried and
           | true solutions that have been proven to work across the
           | world?
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | Also even if you're worried about going cross-country, that
             | requires what, two fast lines between the coasts to get
             | good routes? So even though those areas don't have many
             | people per square mile, passing through would need an
             | extremely small amount of track per square mile.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | 1. CA is the 3rd largest state in the USA. Do any of the 47
           | smaller states have something like this?
           | 
           | 2. As the unpopulated bits necessarily don't have many people
           | or things to do in them, the cost of subsidising a public
           | transit ticket in those places is necessarily small.
        
         | oersted wrote:
         | I don't have the details, but every single time I have heard
         | the mention of Deutsche Bahn in the last few years it has been
         | accompanied by comments of how broken it has become, with
         | constant delays and cancellations, to the point where for many
         | people it is no longer a viable option for commute or for
         | anything where you cannot risk to be up to several hours late.
         | 
         | I guess it's all relative. If you come to rely on an excellent
         | and omnipresent rail service for many years as a society, the
         | impacts are quite big when it stops working well. If the
         | service itself is built assuming reliability, where
         | transferring between trains is common, then issues can get
         | substantially amplified if that choreography gets somewhat
         | disrupted.
        
           | dustyventure wrote:
           | It was broken long before the offer though so the reduction
           | in driving being moderate probably reflects fewer shifts in
           | daily commute and mostly more leisure usage.
        
           | sadcherry wrote:
           | There is a big reporting bias though. You won't see in the
           | news "of the 40,000 railway connections today, most were on
           | time". You only read about some train having had an AC issue
           | or the like.
           | 
           | I have family in Germany and they never go by train but tell
           | me regularly about how bad the train has become. They have
           | literally not been in one for 15+ years. But they watch the
           | news every day.
        
             | currymj wrote:
             | among intercity trains run by Deutsche Bahn, the on-time
             | rate hovers around 2/3. it's technically true that "most
             | were on time", but one third being late is really terrible,
             | especially since you often need to make a tight connection.
             | 
             | even if your family has no justifiable basis for believing
             | what they do about DB, they happen to be correct by luck.
             | 
             | https://ibir.deutschebahn.com/2023/en/combined-management-
             | re...
        
               | n_plus_1_acc wrote:
               | Long-distance trains are worse statistically because they
               | travel longer Router and therefore have more
               | opportubities to gain delay. Across all trains,
               | puncuality is like 95%.
        
               | currymj wrote:
               | that is true, but tons of highly frequent on-time
               | commuter trains doesn't help anyone who wants to travel
               | long distances.
               | 
               | right now if you want to go between two cities you always
               | have to plan on missing your connection.
        
               | sadcherry wrote:
               | I wouldn't call a 7 minutes delay "terrible".
        
               | iggldiggl wrote:
               | It is if you miss a connection that only runs hourly or
               | so. (Even with a half-hourly connection it'd be
               | annoying.)
        
             | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
             | >There is a big reporting bias though. You won't see in the
             | news "of the 40,000 railway connections today, most were on
             | time". You only read about some train having had an AC
             | issue or the like.
             | 
             | I feel most know about Japan's shinkansen being run well.
             | 
             | For those who don't, the average delay is 1.1 minutes on
             | average.
             | 
             | For comparison, the DB long distance trains are considered
             | on time if they're less than 6 minutes late, and still only
             | 64% are considered on time.
        
               | nisa wrote:
               | > Japan's shinkansen
               | 
               | They have dedicated tracks. In Germany all train lines
               | (freight, local trains, long-distance trains) share the
               | same tracks and especially at different speeds this
               | causes delays and problems.
               | 
               | Building new track or even adding more lanes is extremly
               | difficult because of NIMBY's and from 1995 to 2005
               | switches and extra lanes for overtaking where build back
               | to save costs.
               | 
               | Additionally signalling is in large parts still very
               | labour intensive and smaller tracks are often still
               | running with technology from the early 20th century and
               | late 19th century.
               | 
               | So the problem Deutsche Bahn has to solve is quite a bit
               | harder than shinkansen.
        
           | nisa wrote:
           | Long distance trains are getting more unreliable (ICE, IC)
           | due to repair works on the tracks - regional / local trains
           | are mostly fine (at least in my place here) and I can't
           | remember the last time there was an delay longer than 10
           | minutes here. However lately I've saw that trains are
           | cancelled due to manpower shortages and due to the nature the
           | local trains are organized (there is a tender and a railway
           | company wins that tender for 5 years with the same rolling
           | stock) peaks in capacity like on the weekend are not dealt
           | with.
        
           | rudnevr wrote:
           | Last time I frequented Boston Amtrak it would delay about 28%
           | of travel.
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | > Didn't this start as unlimited anywhere for 9 euros no
         | strings attached?
         | 
         | That was a time limited earlier ticket. "The tickets were valid
         | for June, July, or August 2022. The offer aimed at reducing
         | energy use amid the 2021-2022 global energy crisis."
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-Euro-Ticket
         | 
         | It influenced the idea to come up with a permanent ticket: the
         | "Deutschlandticket". It started 1. Mai 2023.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschlandticket
         | 
         | The Deutschlandticket costs max 49 Euros (next year it will
         | cost 58EUR per month) and is valid for one month for mostly all
         | local&regional public transport systems (plus a few selected
         | non-regional trains) in the whole of Germany. The subscription
         | will renew automatically.
         | 
         | Companies often support employees by paying some of the costs.
         | Then it typically costs 34.30 EUR per month. From next year on,
         | employees pay 40,60 EUR per month max.
         | 
         | Here in my home city already 94% of the 213000 pupils use the
         | Deutschlandticket for 0 EUR per month. Every pupil has free
         | access to all of the country's local&regional public transport
         | system... I find that kind of mind-blowing.
         | 
         | I have the ticket in my iPhone's wallet and thus also in the
         | Apple Watch wallet. Additionally I need an ID card. Which at
         | some point in time will also come to the smartphone.
         | https://www.iamexpat.de/expat-info/german-expat-news/new-mob...
        
           | consp wrote:
           | > Every pupil has free access to all of the country's
           | local&regional public transport system... I find that kind of
           | mind-blowing.
           | 
           | We've had this since the 1990s for higher education students.
           | One of the known effects is that students who got it, used
           | the public transport systems more often after wards as they
           | were more familiar with it. I would not be surprised if
           | Germany has a simmilar effect. The problem with these effect
           | is they far outgrow the attention span of polititians as they
           | take years to come to full force.
        
             | sva_ wrote:
             | It was only valid for the state in which the university is,
             | and not all universities offered it.
             | 
             | Most students now get the nationwide ticket for effectively
             | about 30EUR/month.
        
             | aeyes wrote:
             | When I started studying at university it was an optional
             | additonal fee paid with the Semesterbeitrag and the ticket
             | was only valid in the city (not even the state) and its
             | close surroundings. A bit later they didn't allow us to opt
             | out anymore but lowered the price a bit.
             | 
             | So for students in my region this was never free and still
             | isn't, you are forced to pay for it and can't opt out:
             | https://www.studentenwerk-
             | leipzig.de/mobilitaet/semestertick...
             | 
             | > Studierende der sieben Leipziger Hochschulen im
             | Zustandigkeitsbereich des Studentenwerkes Leipzig zahlen
             | den Beitrag von 176,40 Euro verpflichtend mit der
             | Immatrikulation bzw. Ruckmeldung zum Wintersemester
             | 2024/25.
        
               | ygra wrote:
               | It varies a lot by university. In Osnabruck the
               | Semesterticket basically allowed to travel as far as
               | Hanover, Munster and Bremen, which was pretty far as that
               | goes. In Rostock on the other hand it only covered the
               | city and a few of the surrounding villages (back in 2011,
               | though).
               | 
               | I think there was a provision of opting out if you needed
               | a regular public transport ticket anyway to get to the
               | uni (because you lived too far outside) but that varies
               | by uni as well.
        
           | riedel wrote:
           | I only pay 20 EUR a month because a 25 EUR subsidy by my
           | employer. It is a total nobrainer although, I often even use
           | it less, just because I can jump on any local train, tram,
           | bus without worrying about a ticket (particularly as we don't
           | have NFC payment). Actually the 9 EUR will effectively mean a
           | 50% raise for me, so I am not sure if the raise even makes
           | sense economically because people like me just would cancel.
        
           | Hugsun wrote:
           | It sounds amazing. All these prices seem crazy low. A
           | significantly zone limited monthly commuter ticket here in
           | Denmark costs over 500EUR
        
             | hskalin wrote:
             | That sounds too high, even Switzerland isn't that expensive
        
             | okr wrote:
             | They are indeed crazily low. The real prize is just hidden
             | by subsidy. But more and more the true cost will be
             | revealed. There is no free lunch.
             | 
             | But hey, germany could never really decide, are they living
             | in an authoritarian, left or right utopian la-la-land or in
             | a free country. For some time the american influence was
             | huge, but i fear, the influence will diminish and the
             | pendulum swings again.
        
           | mk89 wrote:
           | And if I am not mistaken, as a university student you get
           | also that ticket for free and you just need to show your
           | student card.
           | 
           | So students basically never have to pay for the public
           | transportation which is really awesome.
           | 
           | EDIT: by public transportation I mean whatever is included in
           | the D-Ticket (no Intercity or similar types of trains).
        
             | lispm wrote:
             | Where I live, students pay for it, 29.40 EUR. It's a part
             | of the semester fees, IIRC.
        
               | archi42 wrote:
               | For those not familiar with how this works/worked: At
               | most universities, a similar fee was collected from all
               | students. That was then used to finance a regional
               | "public transport flatrate".
               | 
               | N.b.: mk89 is technically not quite correct, it wasn't
               | free (nothing in life is). It's usually bundled with the
               | tuition/enrollment fee.
               | 
               | Implementation details differed per University, but for
               | us the fee (80 or 100EUR, can't recall) was socialized
               | across all students and payed together with the tuition
               | fee; opting out was not possible (with some exceptions,
               | like disabilities). The money went from the University
               | administration to the AStA - the "general students
               | council" (the executive section of the elected student
               | self-government). The AStA then negotiated with the local
               | public transport company/companies as well as with the
               | Deutsche Bahn (e.g. to get access to certain inter-
               | regional train connections - we still have cooperations
               | with 3 or 4 nearby universities, and students somehow
               | need to get there). Those negotiations can be a royal
               | pita, and often the students were in a weak position.
               | 
               | Source: I was in the AStA (~12 people), but not involved
               | with that task.
        
               | mk89 wrote:
               | Thanks for the detailed answer. I guess uni students
               | don't know or don't care so it's "for free" (in the sense
               | it's part of the tuition fee) :)
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | _" I LOVE the German transit system"_
         | 
         | I have some experience with the public transport systems in
         | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France and Belgium. In my
         | opinion Germany's is the worst. Everything seems to be stuck in
         | paper based processes, only occasionally and very listlessly
         | digitized. The tariffs (apart from the Deutschlandticket) are
         | overly complicated and suffer heavily under the common
         | balkanization.
         | 
         | The _DB Navigator_ is so terrible that I try to book the German
         | leg of my international travels from one of the other countries
         | apps whenever possible.
         | 
         | For a counter example look at the French _SNCF Connect_ app. It
         | is not perfect but it is a pretty workable solution.
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | > Everything seems to be stuck in paper based processes, only
           | occasionally and very listlessly digitized.
           | 
           | That's nonsense. Most public transport is digital by now.
           | 
           | > The DB Navigator is so terrible
           | 
           | It's not terrible. I managed to book all my train travels
           | just fine with it, also using a business bahncard which gives
           | me a 50% discount on all trains.
        
             | eptcyka wrote:
             | I couldn't pay for my ubahn with a credit card on the bahn,
             | and the app required me to use some kind of a paypal
             | derivative. I did not pay.
             | 
             | Regardless of whether it is digitized or not, regional
             | trains suck. To pay on the train, I think I was forced to
             | use cash.
             | 
             | Further, the process for getting refunds when you miss a
             | connection requires one to fill in forms on paper and scan
             | them in and then send in via email. Or was it snail mail? I
             | didn't attempt it, I just saw that my train was delayed for
             | hours with no explanation for what can I do about it,
             | realized I'm missing my connection and then booked a plane
             | ticket and got home faster than if I had traveled by rail
             | without any delays. 10/10, will fly whenever possible from
             | now on.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | Pay before. That's how the transport systems generally
               | work in Germany. In many trains you need to have a ticket
               | BEFORE entering the train and also BEFORE entering the
               | platform in the train station.
               | 
               | > Further, the process for getting refunds when you miss
               | a connection requires one to fill in forms on paper and
               | scan them in and then send in via email.
               | 
               | I can do that in the DB app.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | The DB app? Definitely was not an option for the people
               | who did that. Granted, we are europeans, not Germans
               | living in Germany.
               | 
               | Paying before just isn't always practical, but I
               | understand that such limitations are often a non-issue
               | for locals.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | > The DB app? Definitely was not an option for the people
               | who did that.
               | 
               | Yeah, it's in the app.
               | 
               | > Paying before just isn't always practical, but I
               | understand that such limitations are often a non-issue
               | for locals.
               | 
               | That's how it works. Typical here for local trains: there
               | are no barriers in train and bus stations. One can just
               | enter the train and bus without any ticket check. But you
               | have to make sure that you have a ticket. The local
               | trains have no installation to buy a ticket anymore.
               | Typically one would buy them online or have a
               | subscription ticket. How does the system make sure that
               | people pay and don't game the system? There are random
               | checks.
               | 
               | If you want a ticket, buy it before entering a train.
               | Train stations have either ticket systems or a ticket
               | office. But most people by now do it online either per
               | website or app.
               | 
               | For long-distance trains I would always book in advance
               | (it's often also cheaper) and book a seat, too.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | Yeah, cool, I understand, it is how it is done. I am not
               | arguing that, and I already conceded that.
               | 
               | Why are you bringing the same argument back up again?
               | 
               | Have you considered that people who travel through your
               | country will not install another app on their phone? I do
               | not need another quarter of a gigabyte app to pay for
               | something that could've been paid for via VISA or
               | Mastercard. Oh wait, I did install the app. And it asked
               | me to use a paypal account. I do not carry my papyal
               | credentials with me.
               | 
               | I have never gotten on long distance trains and expected
               | to pay on them, not what I am arguing about.
               | 
               | And when I mean that the app was not an option, I mean
               | that in our case, we couldn't use the app to submit a
               | return. I was not the one submitting those forms, I was
               | too lazy. The people who did told me the app did not work
               | for their case. Given that you've told me 2x that "you
               | can just do it in the app", what else can I say besides
               | the fact that when tried, it did not work? Are you
               | dismissing the lived experience of the person you are
               | talking to? Why?
               | 
               | All of that notwithstanding, why not decrease the
               | friction from needing to use an app (phone needs to be
               | supported, charged and have an internet connection) and
               | instead use contactless payment terminals?
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | > Are you dismissing the lived experience of the person
               | you are talking to? Why?
               | 
               | The DB App has this option, now. That's all. If this
               | information does not help you, there are other readers
               | here, too.
               | 
               | > All of that notwithstanding, why not decrease the
               | friction from needing to use an app (phone needs to be
               | supported, charged and have an internet connection) and
               | instead use contactless payment terminals?
               | 
               | You can buy with credit cards (and a few other options)
               | using the usual payment terminals. Again, you usually
               | have to pay outside of the train. The terminals are at
               | the train station.
        
               | alhadrad wrote:
               | The DB app is absolute hot garbage. God forbid you don't
               | have internet or it randomally updates logging you out.
               | All of his previous arguments are valid.
        
               | weinzierl wrote:
               | _That 's how it works._
               | 
               | That's how it works in Germany. Everywhere else I just
               | swipe my mobile and I am done.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | I don't even need to swipe a ticket. All my local public
               | transport has zero ticket checks, just random&rare
               | controls.
               | 
               | In a long distance train I check in on my booked seat via
               | the app. That's it. No additional ticket check.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | German people have an understandable historical revulsion
               | to the government tracking their every move.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | Yes, that is why, instead of using a payment network,
               | they choose to use an app, which still needs one to
               | transact within the financial system and lets the
               | government adjacent company run arbitrary code on one's
               | phone.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | It's why they use paper tickets most of the time.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | If you don't pay before, and the train doesn't have a
               | ticket machine on it (most don't, but some e.g. trams in
               | Berlin do) you are riding illegally. That's how it works
               | in Germany.
        
             | weinzierl wrote:
             | _> Everything seems to be stuck in paper based processes,
             | only occasionally and very listlessly digitized._
             | 
             |  _That 's nonsense. Most public transport is digital by
             | now._
             | 
             | I did a more complicated trip with multiple legs. Booked
             | via SNCF, bc DB-Navigator would not let me book some of the
             | border crossing legs, I tried. The only leg that required a
             | paper ticket was in Germany. In 2023, not last century.
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Was there really not even a pdf and/or matrix code option
               | ?
        
             | weinzierl wrote:
             | _That 's nonsense. Most public transport is digital by
             | now._
             | 
             | SNCF, SNCB and EuroStar let me manage my tickets digitally
             | in my digital wallet. That is super convenient if you have
             | more complicated itineraries because you have all the
             | tickets handy in a single app, when you need them.
             | 
             | With Deutsche Bahn it is either _their_ app or a PDF to
             | print.
             | 
             | For local and inner city transport you usually don't need a
             | ticket a all, just swipe your card or phone at the
             | beginning and end of your trip.
             | 
             | You can forget about that anywhere in Germany. It is paper
             | tickets everywhere or a gazillion of different apps,
             | because every city and network has their own.
             | 
             | That is very much not my understanding of public transport
             | being digital.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | > With Deutsche Bahn it is either their app or a PDF to
               | print.
               | 
               | They also have an extensive web-based ticket shop.
               | 
               | You don't need to print PDF tickets. One can also show a
               | PDF ticket on an electronic device, without printing it.
               | I used the DB ticket PDFs for several years, without
               | printing it. Nowadays a load the long-distance train
               | tickets onto the phone and have it in the DB app, I have
               | also a PDF version via mail.
               | 
               | > For local and inner city transport you usually don't
               | need a ticket a all, just swipe your card or phone at the
               | beginning and end of your trip.
               | 
               | I have that here also in my city. The reality: most
               | people have a subscription, that's the by far dominant
               | model. Simpler and less tracking needed.
               | 
               | > It is paper tickets everywhere or a gazillion of
               | different apps, because every city and network has their
               | own.
               | 
               | Larger cities like Berlin, Hamburg, Munich, Cologne,
               | Frankfurt, Stuttgart, Dusseldorf, ... are central for
               | large traffic regions. For example the traffic region
               | here in Hamburg serves roughly 3.7 million people.
               | 
               | > That is very much not my understanding of public
               | transport being digital.
               | 
               | We now have a Germany-wide affordable subscription-based
               | ticket for local&regional public transport. That's my
               | understanding of public transport gone digital, nation-
               | wide. The basics were operational after only a few months
               | of planning.
        
           | jonp888 wrote:
           | > The DB Navigator is so terrible that I try to book the
           | German leg of my international travels from one of the other
           | countries apps whenever possible.
           | 
           | > For a counter example look at the French SNCF Connect app.
           | It is not perfect but it is a pretty workable solution.
           | 
           | I am extremely surprised that you would write this. The SNCF
           | Connect app has a lot of problems. Just for starters, it
           | can't cope with any journey with more than 2 changes. SNCF
           | shut down there international ticket sales computer system -
           | because it was too old. They no longer sell any international
           | tickets, unless it's on a train actually run by SNCF.
           | 
           | The DB App has train services for the whole of Europe. It can
           | plan a journey from Oslo to Sofia if required.
        
             | black_puppydog wrote:
             | So much this. I often use DB navigator to plan trips
             | _within_ france. As soon as you 're not going to or from
             | Paris, the sncf offer _and_ app are just terrible. Often,
             | sncf-connect will refuse to offer me TER-only (regional
             | train) trips, because one of the legs _can_ also be done by
             | TGV. Basically impossible to plan this kind of thing with
             | the SNCF apps.
             | 
             | But even the basic UX is terrible. The most blatant example
             | of this is the choice to make the first text input on the
             | search the _target_ station. If you do limit yourself to a
             | single text input as the entry point to the search, I see
             | the intuition. but the result is that they are the only
             | transit search mask I know where I have to first type where
             | I 'm going, and then where I'm coming from. I hate it.
        
               | weinzierl wrote:
               | _" But even the basic UX is terrible. The most blatant
               | example of this is the choice to make the first text
               | input on the search the target station."_
               | 
               | This is just your preference and not terrible UX. In fact
               | I find this the more intuitive way.
        
               | black_puppydog wrote:
               | It _might_ be more intuitive if this was the first travel
               | app every developed. But I don 't personally any other
               | transit UI that uses this pattern, and that makes using
               | the sncf search "the weird one" and not in a good way.
        
             | weinzierl wrote:
             | _" They no longer sell any international tickets, unless
             | it's on a train actually run by SNCF."_
             | 
             | I booked ICE trains run by Deutsche Bahn via SNCF
             | successfully in the past, the last time three days ago. I
             | had them even send me Deutsche Bahn paper tickets for no
             | additional cost. (Not because I wanted them in paper, but
             | because DB insists on _their_ app or paper if it is not an
             | international train)
             | 
             |  _" The DB App has train services for the whole of Europe.
             | It can plan a journey from Oslo to Sofia if required."_
             | 
             | You can plan that in DB Navigator just fine, but have you
             | ever managed to successfully book such a journey. I admit
             | that my attempts were always in the east-west direction,
             | but I can confidently say that the DB Navigator app bails
             | at the last step of the funnel for these journeys every
             | time, when I can book the same trains via SNCF Connect just
             | fine.
             | 
             | What I love about SNCF connect is that it shows me exactly
             | if a train has free seats and is bookable in the inital
             | step, where DB-Navigator lets me happily compose a whole
             | itinerary only to tell me in the last step before payment
             | one of the trains is booked out. Then I have start the
             | whole process from the beginning, manually steering DB-
             | Navigator to avoid the trains _I_ now know are booked out
             | but DB-Navigator still pretends were available.
        
               | DominikPeters wrote:
               | I agree that the booking experience of the DB-SNCF
               | cooperation trains sucks from the DB end, but the
               | underlying blame arguably lies with SNCF which insists on
               | compulsory reservations which is against the philosophy
               | of trains in Germany. On the other hand, in my experience
               | DB offers cheaper tickets for these cooperation trains,
               | most of the time.
               | 
               | But these trains are a special case; in other cases DB is
               | clearly far more pleasant.
        
               | weinzierl wrote:
               | This is not primarily a problem of the cooperation
               | trains, I have the same situation with trains within
               | Germany. DB-Navigator only tells you if a train is
               | bookable right at the end, right before payment. Before
               | that, it might show "there is high demand", but this is
               | rather useless, especially when you have a school kid and
               | want to book a train a the beginning or end of school
               | holidays, when every train is in high demand. Your only
               | chance with DB-Navigator is to play the whack-a-mole game
               | where you run all the steps repeatedly until the very
               | last step until you find a train you actually _can_ book.
               | 
               | In the SNCF app I have this information right away, that
               | is what makes the difference for me.
        
           | ted_dunning wrote:
           | I just used the DB Navigator for extensive travel in Germany
           | without any problems. It doesn't provide quite as much
           | information about how to deal with connections for a delayed
           | train, but that is minor compared to the very transparent
           | function for buying and displaying tickets.
        
           | elpocko wrote:
           | >Everything seems to be stuck in paper based processes
           | 
           | I want to buy a ticket every now and then. I want that
           | process to be straight forward: cash money for one-time
           | ticket. I don't want your app on my phone, I don't want a
           | subscription, and I don't want to be tracked.
           | 
           | Paper based offline processes forever, please.
        
             | iknowstuff wrote:
             | lol you know websites exist right. what a luddite approach.
             | Paper is expensive, wasteful, environmentally harmful, and
             | time consuming.
        
               | fuzzy2 wrote:
               | Sure. And how do you pay? I mean, really. You're forced
               | to create an account, then link a payment method (PayPal
               | and/or Visa/Mastercard may or may not be supported, Apple
               | Pay almost never is). Sometimes you also have to link a
               | mobile phone number or the number is the account
               | identifier.
               | 
               | How is that an alternative?
        
               | elpocko wrote:
               | I don't carry a phone around with me at all times. Phones
               | are expensive, wasteful, socially and environmentally
               | harmful, time consuming, and they erode our freedoms.
        
               | BirAdam wrote:
               | I'd love to see an in-depth analysis of the overall
               | production costs for paper and ink vs electronic. Tree to
               | processing to ticket vs smartphone, grid, network,
               | software, and so on. I imagine the paper process is
               | exceptionally cheaper but I could very well be wrong.
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | Paper is fine for the environment. Paper takes an
               | absolutely tiny portion of a tree (and burning the pulp
               | waste tends to result in a net energy _surplus_ from the
               | pulp mill!), whereas the amount of energy to create one
               | computer (even a phone) is massive.
        
             | weinzierl wrote:
             | _I don 't want your app on my phone, I don't want a
             | subscription, and I don't want to be tracked._
             | 
             | Exactly, no one wants that, no one needs that, but you
             | should recognize that most people don't want to handle cash
             | money either, nowadays.
             | 
             | Just let me swipe my card or phone and done.
             | 
             | If you insist on privacy we should be able to use a pre-
             | paid card or temporary credit card (like Revolut), but I
             | have not tried that and I doubt it works.
        
               | locallost wrote:
               | You can use a card on every ticket machine.
        
           | psychoslave wrote:
           | I can't tell for other countries, but SNCF digital solutions
           | have been a great example of everything you should not do for
           | as long as I can remember. Actually bahn.de used to be a far
           | better interface to consult french train hours than whatever
           | fancy new name SNCF would come every few months or so.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | > Everything seems to be stuck in paper based processes,
           | 
           | It is for that reason I'd love it. Accessible, universal,
           | sustainable, resilient technology!
           | 
           | I once got stuck in Nuremberg overnight. The ticket office
           | was open all night and an official looked up all my options
           | from memory and timetable books and wrote me a diagram with
           | pen and paper that perfectly showed me how to get to my
           | destination. I'll never forget that helpful clerk.
           | 
           | Not saying you can't have your apps, but systems that lose
           | touch with reality and human involvement are part of the
           | emerging problem.
           | 
           | For my mind the smartest ticket technology I ever saw was
           | Hungarian and used on the Budapest transit system in the
           | 1980s - some devious discrete mathematics that coded the
           | journey stops, used status, and allowed routes all in a
           | matrix of hole punches on a small paper ticket. The punches
           | (that you had to use when getting on trains, buses and trams)
           | were purely mechanical, and so was the validating machine
           | used by inspectors/conductors to see if you had punched your
           | ticket. Simply genius.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | There simply has to be a web page about this somewhere...
        
             | tasuki wrote:
             | > For my mind the smartest ticket technology I ever saw was
             | Hungarian and used on the Budapest transit system in the
             | 1980s - some devious discrete mathematics that coded the
             | journey stops, used status, and allowed routes all in a
             | matrix of hole punches on a small paper ticket. The punches
             | (that you had to use when getting on trains, buses and
             | trams) were purely mechanical, and so was the validating
             | machine used by inspectors/conductors to see if you had
             | punched your ticket. Simply genius.
             | 
             | I think you're giving a little too much credit. In the
             | nearby Czech Republic we had a system where there'd be
             | eight (or perhaps 10?) places for a hole. Your ticket would
             | get marked with a combination specific to the vehicle.
             | 
             | They'd periodically change which vehicle has what holes.
             | With 8 holes, 256 tickets would be enough to give you a
             | valid ticket for any vehicle. With 10 holes, 1024 tickets.
             | I think some people carried around all the tickets to be
             | able to ride for free. Others kept tickets with small
             | number of holes for later reuse in a vehicle which had a
             | superset of those. Good times!
             | 
             | I find it very hard to believe the Hungarians has something
             | smarter than that, but would love to be proven wrong!
        
           | dietr1ch wrote:
           | As a tourist I agree, and the Deutschland Ticket App is
           | Region locked, so you are bound to the complexity of the
           | system, which seems unnecessary and way too expensive as
           | opposed to the ticket locals get.
        
             | n_plus_1_acc wrote:
             | There are many different vendors with different apps.
        
           | Gravityloss wrote:
           | One fun experience, arriving in Munchen and trying to buy
           | ticket for the airport train online. The app requires your
           | birthdate. The date selector starts from present and only
           | allows to go back one month at a time. So if you're 40 years
           | old, you would need to click 480 times... We bought paper
           | tickets from a machine . Machines work well compared to other
           | countries though.
        
             | emaro wrote:
             | I thought the same thing first, but if you click on the
             | year you can choose from a list.
        
           | hagbard_c wrote:
           | > The DB Navigator is so terrible that I try to book the
           | German leg of my international travels from one of the other
           | countries apps whenever possible.
           | 
           | While _DB Navigator_ does leave something to be desired the
           | sheer width /breadth of the DB booking system makes it my go-
           | to choice for international train travel. They're also quite
           | forthcoming in paying back 25% to 50% of the ticket price
           | when delayed more than 1 or 2 hours which is a frequent
           | occurrence on the longer trips - from Sweden to the
           | Netherlands - which I make about every other month. I can get
           | prices directly without having to go through some silly
           | booking agency, I can book tickets, reserve seats and
           | sometimes actually choose which seats I want (something which
           | doesn't always work). They did have some problems about a
           | year ago when they moved to the 'new' DB Navigator and the
           | price I was quoted suddenly quadrupled, this turned out to be
           | an omission in the booking system which I submitted a bug
           | report for. They fixed the problem and prices returned to
           | where they should be (about 5% higher than before the change,
           | they used the opportunity to raise prices...).
           | 
           | No, the problem with DB is not to be found in their app or
           | the booking system, those are at least on par and often
           | better than their foreign equivalents. The problem lies in
           | the unreliability of the long distance network, especially
           | the ICE service which often sees long delays due to a lack of
           | personnel, defective equipment, maintenance work, etc.
           | Regional services tend to be more reliable, in part due to
           | the higher frequency which makes it less of a problem if a
           | single train does not run. All in all I can live with the
           | problems and have switched over to rail travel whenever I can
           | in Europe. The advantages - more space, more comfort, no
           | security theatre, the ability to hack away while travelling,
           | usually lower prices, I can take as much luggage as I can
           | carry (which is a lot) - outweigh the disadvantages - longer
           | travel times, need to change trains, delays which compound
           | due to missing connections.
        
             | weinzierl wrote:
             | _They 're also quite forthcoming in paying back 25% to 50%
             | of the ticket price when delayed more than 1 or 2 hours_
             | 
             | There is nothing forthcoming about that, they are required
             | to to that by regulations. No bonus points for DB here
             | whatsoever.
             | 
             |  _which is a frequent occurrence on the longer trips_
             | 
             | That is something we can agree upon.
             | 
             |  _reserve seats and sometimes actually choose which seats I
             | want_
             | 
             | SNCF-Connects lets you specify the exact seat
             | configuration. You can choose single, double (window or
             | not), quadruple (next to each other or face-to-face). In
             | addition to that you can express your preference for family
             | area and if you do not want to sit facing against the
             | driving direction.
        
               | hagbard_c wrote:
               | > There is nothing forthcoming about that, they are
               | required to to that by regulations. No bonus points for
               | DB here whatsoever.
               | 
               | The way they implemented this process makes it easy and
               | quick to get compensation while other carriers - who are
               | supposed to follow the same rules - make it quite a bit
               | harder to get compensated.
               | 
               | > SNCF-Connects lets you specify the exact seat
               | configuration. You can choose single, double (window or
               | not), quadruple (next to each other or face-to-face). In
               | addition to that you can express your preference for
               | family area and if you do not want to sit facing against
               | the driving direction.
               | 
               | You can do the same on bahn.de or in DB Navigator (which
               | is mostly equivalent to a canned version of the site plus
               | a few extras). Not all trains allow seat selection,
               | sometimes seats are assigned automatically. Other trains
               | - e.g. Dutch Intercity trains - do not offer reservation
               | at all. The Swedish/Danish Oresundstag (a service running
               | mostly in the south and west of Sweden) theoretically
               | allows reservation but this hardy ever works, at least
               | when booking through DB. Do mind that I use DB to book
               | trips crossing several countries using different
               | operators, in this case SJ (Swedish state railway),
               | Oresundstaget, DSB (Danish state railway), DB, Eurobahn
               | and NS (Dutch state railway). All in a single booking
               | with a single payment and a single point of contact using
               | a single ticket.
        
               | locallost wrote:
               | > SNCF-Connects lets you specify the exact seat
               | configuration. You can choose single, double (window or
               | not), quadruple (next to each other or face-to-face). In
               | addition to that you can express your preference for
               | family area and if you do not want to sit facing against
               | the driving direction.
               | 
               | You can do all that in the DB app. You can manually
               | select which seats you want or just say the types of
               | seats you want (e.g. compartment or open area, isle or
               | window, table or no table, quiet area or not, family area
               | etc).
        
           | taffer wrote:
           | I couldn't disagree more. You can say a lot of bad things
           | about Deutsche Bahn, but of all the travel apps I have used,
           | DB Navigator and bahn.de were the best.
           | 
           | SNCF Connect, on the other hand, not only had a terrible UX,
           | but also crashed randomly, forcing me to use third-party apps
           | to buy SNCF tickets.
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | I don't know about apps (only used the HVV app, for holding a
           | ticket), but in terms of websites SNCF (at least the English
           | version, the French one is a bit better) is an absolute mess.
           | There is like 3 different ones for starters, one to find a
           | connection, one to buy the ticket and one to find current
           | status/delays.
           | 
           | bahn.de is actually one of the more decent websites in my
           | opinion (definitely better than most rail sites I have
           | encountered).
           | 
           | That said, the biggest problem with rail in Europe atm, is
           | the lack of an integrated ticketing system. Going between
           | places by train is a so much nicer experience than taking the
           | plane, but the ticketing experience is such a mess. As others
           | have pointed out, on SNCF you can't find any international
           | connections any longer (IIRC SJ.se in Sweden still shows
           | connections to Norway and Denmark), on Bahn.de you can find
           | the connections, but can't actually see a price or book a
           | ticket (you are told to go into a station). Train travel in
           | Europe could be a surely awesome otherwise.
        
             | taffer wrote:
             | The EU should create a standardised system for tickets in
             | Europe, similar to the New Distribution Capability for
             | flights or SEPA for payments.
             | 
             | There should also be a unified system for passengers to
             | claim their money back if their train is delayed.
        
               | tchalla wrote:
               | EU has asked the rail companies to do so or else they
               | will force their hand if they don't.
        
           | barrkel wrote:
           | The DB navigator app is actually decent. The one downside is
           | it kicks you out to a website to book many international
           | tickets, but you can still plan and track your journey delays
           | etc. in the app.
        
             | weinzierl wrote:
             | It kicks you out to a website if you are lucky (I had this
             | when traveling through Austria), but often it just says:
             | "Sorry, I cannot book this for you.".
             | 
             | In any case you will have to start from scratch, which is
             | in my opinion the worst UX.
             | 
             | It is good that the app allows to research all
             | theoretically possible connections, but I want the info if
             | I can practically book a connection right there in the
             | process and not just at the end. The SNCF-Connect app shows
             | that this is possible, and even possible for Deutsche Bahn
             | trains.
        
           | locallost wrote:
           | I agree with the part about complicated tariffs/tickets but
           | not much else. Although not sure how many countries make it
           | simple, the only one I am aware of is Switzerland which
           | conveniently solves the problem by making everything
           | expensive.
           | 
           | I use the app and bahn.de and things are generally pretty
           | easy and just work. I haven't used paper in a while, recently
           | once because my phone battery ran out, but that's it. Finding
           | connections, adjusting options like transfer time, where you
           | want to transfer, buying tickets, checking in through the
           | app, getting notifications about changing trains, and even
           | recently some things I never did like getting an invoice for
           | my employer are all a breeze. It fails rarely and is in
           | general slick. Recently I bought tickets through Hungarian
           | railways and this was a pain in the ass.
           | 
           | The one annoyance I have is buying regional tickets, where
           | you have to buy them one at a time which can be a hassle if
           | you travel with e.g. three people and you want to buy tickets
           | for all of them.
        
         | jonp888 wrote:
         | > Didn't this start as unlimited anywhere for 9 euros no
         | strings attached?
         | 
         | The EUR9 ticket was a 3 month temporary offer, which was not
         | originally intended to continue permanently at all.
         | 
         | > I LOVE the German transit system (although Denmark wins in
         | cleanliness). However, Germany is a bit predatory with this new
         | system. You can ONLY purchase this ticket as a subscription
         | model. If you're a tourist, you must cancel before the 10th of
         | the month or you get auto rebilled.
         | 
         | The ticket is subsidised by the German government(beyond the
         | amount that all rail infrastructure and most services are
         | subsidised) for the purpose what is covered in the article -
         | encouraging permanent modal shift of regular
         | travellers(primarily commuters) from road to rail. If you're a
         | tourist, it's not meant for you. Sorry.
        
           | sadcherry wrote:
           | Airtravel is also subsidised by the German tax payer. Much
           | more than the 49 EUR ticket. No matter if you are a tourist
           | or not. (Arguably mostly for tourists actually.)
        
             | kristianp wrote:
             | What's the method of subsidy there? Contributing to Airbus
             | shares?
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Commercial aviation fuel is tax exempt in the EU, I would
               | already count that as a subsidy (yes, I count not taxing
               | something that's normally taxed as a subsidy, even if it
               | isn't done by directly paying out money).
        
               | Qwertious wrote:
               | Subsidising airports and fuel, presumably.
        
             | jacooper wrote:
             | How is it subsidized while a local flight costs more than
             | an international one?
             | 
             | The idea is to push people to use the train, but a train
             | isn't an alternative if it takes 9 hours compared to the 2
             | hour flight.
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | > If you're a tourist, it's not meant for you. Sorry.
           | 
           | Tourist&foreigners can use the Deutschlandticket, too.
           | 
           | But: it's a monthly subscription automatically renewing every
           | month, so one has to cancel it early enough when planning to
           | leave the country. You'll also typically need a smartphone
           | for the ticket.
        
             | dietr1ch wrote:
             | Well, on mobile they make you think you need the app, but
             | it's region locked. I happened to email them about how this
             | is annoying for tourists yesterday and got a very German
             | response,
             | 
             | "Downloading the Deutschlandticket.de app from the Google
             | Play Store and Apple App Store is only possible in certain
             | countries." (ikr, it's THE problem)
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | The ticket is available by other apps, too.
        
               | layer8 wrote:
               | The problem may be that if they offer the app in foreign
               | regions, they are liable to the jurisdiction of those
               | foreign regions.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Is a response repeating the thing you just concluded in
               | your mail to them very german?
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | A factual, but entirely unhelpful response to a customer
               | service query is very German.
        
         | juliangmp wrote:
         | >I LOVE the German transit system
         | 
         | What? How? I have the ticket and despite that I never use any
         | regional train because they're generally awful. (Local busses
         | and trams on the other hand work pretty well)
        
           | ahartmetz wrote:
           | Regional trains are really okay compared to long-distance
           | trains. These are so bad that it's unlikely that you reach
           | your destination on time now.
        
         | consumerx wrote:
         | True, significant only because offered for 9 EUR initially.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Not only -- when I visit friends in the UK, I've had single
           | rail tickets cost more than the increased next years' cost of
           | a monthly nationwide ticket here in Germany.
        
         | hilux wrote:
         | I'm a big fan of public transit, but it's not entirely
         | "baffling" why the US lags European countries (and Japan) - the
         | US is a MUCH larger country.
        
           | server_man3000 wrote:
           | There's a happy medium somewhere though and the US doesn't
           | meet it at all. I can't even take a bus from my neighborhood
           | in a California city to the grocery store in a timely manner
           | and it's often cancelled
        
             | hilux wrote:
             | Oh, I know - I live in Oakland. I think even here the
             | population density is lower than in European cities. (It's
             | definitely lower than in Asian mega-cities.)
             | 
             | But yes, I do wish California did better. People are used
             | to bad transit, and have never visited Tokyo or even NYC,
             | so expectations are low.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | But the DC to Boston line isn't
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | > the US is a MUCH larger country
           | 
           | with much of the population in a few denser areas, where
           | public transport would make a lot of sense.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | The EU is only about half the land area of the USA; Germany
           | is roughly equivalent of the fourth largest US state,
           | Montana, and only CA, TX, and AK are bigger.
           | 
           | Do any _states_ have something equivalent to this?
        
             | hilux wrote:
             | And Germany has a population of 83 million. Montana has a
             | population of 1.1 million.
             | 
             | I don't get your point.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | You said the USA was big. Now you're saying _population_
               | is the important thing. Combined that 's population
               | density, so does Maryland have this? Connecticut? etc.
               | 
               | On the density front, NYC is famously high density, and
               | yet so far as I can tell a monthly pass for _just_ there
               | is double the raised price this ticket will be next year:
               | https://new.mta.info/document/118601
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | The size "excuse" is often brought up, I don't think that's
           | valid though, e.g. Sweden with a significantly lower density
           | has much better public transport. Or if we talk absolute size
           | I think even Russia has a better rail transport system than
           | the US for example. Like usual I think it can largely be
           | attributed politics and to the strength of the car lobby in
           | the US (as well as a weird desire to "stick it to poor
           | people"), which caused a complete focus on individual travel.
        
           | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
           | Somehow that wasn't as much of an obstacle in 1920!
        
         | onli wrote:
         | > _If you're a tourist, you must cancel before the 10th of the
         | month or you get auto rebilled._
         | 
         | Just in case this is helpful to someone, you can buy the ticket
         | from one of those different transport organizations you
         | mentioned and avoid that time limit to cancel. The one to use
         | for that is https://www.mopla.solutions/, it's a simple app
         | (alternatively web site) that worked really well for me (no
         | affiliation).
        
         | emaro wrote:
         | Surprised how positive you're writivg about the German public
         | transport. The Deutsche Bahn doesn't have a good reputation in
         | central Europe.
         | 
         | I guess my frame of reference isn't average, given I live in
         | Switzerland.
         | 
         | Edit: the 49-euro ticket is great though!
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | As a UK citizen living in Berlin, I assure you that for all
           | the cancellations and repair works, there's many places which
           | look up to the German system.
           | 
           | (I've also been to the USA, and (IMO) Amtrak makes the UK
           | look good).
        
             | Aeolun wrote:
             | The UK is _so_ expensive though. I thought I was looking at
             | airplane fares.
        
               | JackMorgan wrote:
               | I recently needed two tickets from NYC to LA, and was
               | astonished to find air tickets for $80 and rail tickets
               | for $2200. It's so unbelievably expensive (not counting
               | that the flight was a few hours and the train was 56
               | hours).
               | 
               | Very disappointing! How is it so expensive?!
        
               | guenthert wrote:
               | Competition, I suppose. Still, that seems extreme. A few
               | years (might have been eight) back, I traveled Amtrak's
               | Zephyr from Chicago to California. The roomette for two
               | (coach would have been cheaper) was some $450, about the
               | same as 2nd class air fare for one then. But yes, the
               | train isn't in a particular hurry, expected travel time
               | is some 50h, but 1.5h in, it was already 20m late for no
               | apparent reason. Most passengers were tourist, but I also
               | talked to a fellow who was going to California to pick up
               | a used car for his daughter.
               | 
               | I like the idea of long distance train traveling, as one
               | can get off and back on later (check the fine print of
               | your ticket though). Apparently, that's not customary
               | however and earned me an interview by a TSA agent (a
               | _very_ polite fellow, odd as it may sound) who approached
               | me (with a local Sheriff in tow) at a scheduled stop.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Fair. I've had one flight to the UK that cost less than
               | the train ticket from the UK airport to my actual
               | destination. Air tickets got a lot more expensive after
               | the pandemic, but it's still close.
               | 
               | (OTOH, I've also had one case where it was cheaper to
               | take the ferry and trains back from the UK to Berlin than
               | fly, presumably because of massive demand as that was the
               | day Stansted airport was closed by 1cm of snow and I had
               | an 8 hour queue for a replacement flight that was itself
               | also cancelled).
        
             | bowsamic wrote:
             | I visited the UK, which is my home, and the UK train system
             | was amazing. Got multiple tight connections with zero
             | delays. Far better than I've experienced living in Germany
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Even when I lived in the UK, I never had that experience.
               | 
               | End of term, Aberystwyth to Birmingham trains were
               | regularly terminated on route at Wolverhampton.
               | 
               | Loose connections generally worked.
        
           | 0x008 wrote:
           | Of course your frame of reference is biased because you have
           | the best railway system out of ~30 European countries.
           | 
           | Germany's system gets a lot of hate but it still in the top
           | ~8 or so.
        
             | ck45 wrote:
             | I agree. Let's grant that SBB is more organized than DB.
             | But given that Germany is 8 times as big as Switzerland and
             | with 33,000 km has a significantly larger train network
             | than Switzerland's 5,300 km, it's no surprise that trains
             | accumulate more delays in Germany.
        
           | caskstrength wrote:
           | > Edit: the 49-euro ticket is great though!
           | 
           | As a Swiss person you want appreciate German tax rates that
           | subsidize that 49-euro tickets. The money has always got to
           | come from somewhere.
        
         | 2-3-7-43-1807 wrote:
         | > is a bit predatory
         | 
         | what bugs me the most is that i can only book it for a specific
         | calendar month. that is _so_ stupid ...
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | > I doubt I'd ever need a car in Germany given the rail system
         | was much more convenient
         | 
         | Sure, if you live in a larger city and you never leave... I
         | lived in Munich for years and never needed a car, just
         | comfortable shoes, a bike and occasionally a transport ticket.
         | 
         | Try to get to a smaller town or village, you are lucky if you
         | only spend twice as much time getting there as with a car.
         | 
         | The trains get randomly cancelled, delay is basically
         | guaranteed, the workers go on strikes relatively frequently, so
         | you can never rely on trains working for anything remotely
         | important.
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | > You can ONLY purchase this ticket as a subscription model. If
         | you're a tourist, you must cancel before the 10th of the month
         | or you get auto rebilled.
         | 
         | Pro tip: some websites offer to start the subscription later in
         | the month and you only pay for those days. So if, for example,
         | you were to attend a certain hacker conference in Hamburg at
         | the end of December, you could buy the ticket for the last 5
         | days of the month for 49/31*5 euro. Just have to cancel before
         | 10th of December so that it doesn't renew. ("HVV Switch" App)
        
         | happyraul wrote:
         | Cancellation terms vary by vendor. With some better ones, you
         | can cancel 24 hours before the end of the month to avoid being
         | billed for the next month.
        
         | luplex wrote:
         | Yep, it's not really meant for tourists. They really want
         | everyone to stay in the subscription model, because it's
         | heavily subsidized, so they need to hit a high enough LTV
         | anyways.
        
         | dgellow wrote:
         | It's not really made for tourists from outside the country, you
         | already have special tickets for people who visit for a short
         | time. It's for the local population. The price hike is from
         | 49EUR/month to 58EUR/month next year. It's the opposite of
         | predatory IMHO, you have it on your mobile app in a few tap and
         | can cancel easily
        
         | carrja99 wrote:
         | As a tourist, the cost was well worth it. Used buses and rail
         | to get everywhere, booked one DB train from Berlin to Bamberg
         | but otherwise travelled all over Germany during my time there.
         | 
         | Just had to remember to cancel.
        
         | bowsamic wrote:
         | > Didn't this start as unlimited anywhere for 9 euros no
         | strings attached?
         | 
         | No, you could never use it on IC or ICEs
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | All of these tickets are only for local/regional trains, not
         | the faster/long-distance trains. You can get from one end of
         | the country to another by changing trains a few time, but e.g.
         | getting from Munich to Berlin would be 6h (direct) with fast
         | trains and 10+ h (changing 3 times) with the regional ones.
         | 
         | The subscription model is intentional - this isn't meant to
         | help tourists or to be bought when you need it, it's meant to
         | make sure people have already pre-paid the cost when making a
         | decision whether to take a train or a car (by being cheap
         | enough that people subscribe even if they don't use it all the
         | time).
        
       | Roritharr wrote:
       | As someone that avoids the german rail at all costs I applaud
       | this move, the freer the roads and airports are for me, the
       | better.
        
         | chairmansteve wrote:
         | Exactly. I don't understand why most car owners are so opposed
         | to public transport.
        
           | waveBidder wrote:
           | the same reason omnivores are sometimes highly critical of
           | veg*ns: there's a moral claim going on, so their identity/
           | moral standing is threatened.
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | It's not a question of moral standing or identity but
             | rather that public transport (and vegan) advocates would
             | like to force you to live like they do. Those things
             | gaining too much popularity threatens the way you do
             | things.
             | 
             | We have examples of this happening, eg smoking. It has
             | become unpopular enough that governments pass nonsensical
             | bans like banning flavored cigarettes or just making it
             | entirely illegal for only a certain year cohort (literal
             | age discrimination).
        
               | pkd wrote:
               | > public transport (and vegan) advocates would like to
               | force you to live like they do
               | 
               | Is there a citation for this claim?
               | 
               | > governments pass nonsensical bans like banning flavored
               | cigarettes
               | 
               | Is it nonsensical? There is research[1][2] showing that
               | flavoured tobacco is one of the primary factors used to
               | attract younger users. We know that tobacco is bad, and
               | also that flavoured tobacco increases its usage, so
               | unless you are against public health policy measures
               | themselves, it follows logically that flavoured tobacco
               | should be covered by public health measures.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9007155/
               | [2] https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/26/6/709
        
               | Aerroon wrote:
               | When public health measures turn into "hello, we're now
               | making your life worse" then yes, I am against them.
               | 
               | Imagine you drink coffee your whole life. You rely on it.
               | Now your government comes in and goes "coffee is now
               | illegal, you're welcome!!!"
               | 
               | It changes your life against your wishes and you can't do
               | anything about it. The only action that realistically
               | works is preemptive - don't let coffee become disliked
               | enough to enact such a ban. That's why people argue
               | against it. Principles such as "people should be free to
               | make their own choices" aren't values our society cares
               | about. (Important to remember: it's popular to hate on
               | things everyone else hates on, so you gotta keep it under
               | a critical mass.)
               | 
               | > _Is there a citation for this claim?_
               | 
               | Asking for a citation doesn't make sense. You know damn
               | well there isn't one. Nobody is going to credibly
               | announce that their goal is to ban something popular,
               | because that would make it harder for them to force that
               | change on you. It's done piece by piece. Maybe the people
               | that start it don't even want a ban, but it eventually
               | escalates.
               | 
               | But logical reasoning can explains it too: people support
               | public transport for climate reasons. Why would they not
               | want you to make 'the right choice' like them?
        
               | waveBidder wrote:
               | yes, another successful example is slavery. another
               | unresolved one is abortion. in all of these cases the
               | freedom in question is arguably immoral. laws are
               | downstream of moral convictions.
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | Vegans? Veg[a..z1..9A..Z]ns? Are there any vegyns out there
             | who object to being put on the meat/no-meat spectrum? Are
             | you afraid HN will censure you if you spell out the
             | complete word?
        
               | fuzzy2 wrote:
               | Really now. It's obviously veg.+ns: vegans and
               | vegetarians.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Oh aha thanks for pointing that out. Now that you mention
               | it that does seem obvious. I definitely didn't catch that
               | from the first use though. There should be a better word
               | to capture both those meanings that doesn't confuse my
               | poor regex sensibilities like that. :|
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | My regex sensitivities only warned me about the
               | persecution of veggggggggns.
        
               | dnate wrote:
               | I was more concerned about the vens
        
               | Quekid5 wrote:
               | It's a regular veganza in here. (I'm sorry)
        
               | Aachen wrote:
               | I didn't get that either; not that obvious after all! I
               | thought they were making a joke about vegan being a
               | swear/taboo word, given the context of saying people
               | don't want to hear of it because it allegedly threatens
               | their morality
        
               | noisem4ker wrote:
               | veg(etari)?ans
        
               | waveBidder wrote:
               | I suppose I really should use veg.*ns
        
           | juliangmp wrote:
           | Personally I'm not opposed to public transport, in fact I
           | want to like the railway. I tried. But the German railway is
           | in such a poor state that I never use it. Not for small trips
           | (with regional trains that are covered by my 49EUR ticket)
           | and especially not for longer trips (long distance trains
           | like ICEs).
           | 
           | Every time you enter an ICE just remember that its a coinflip
           | on whether or not you'll arrive on time to get your
           | connecting train. Or maybe you won't arrive at all, happened
           | enough times to me that I frankly don't trust it anymore. And
           | considering how expensive ICE tickets have gotten... yeah I'd
           | rather take the highway, despite that I don't like driving
           | much.
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | I don't know where you drive for long car trips, but going
             | south from e.g. Hamburg on the A1, or through the
             | Ruhrgebiet by car is a much bigger coin flip with respect
             | to arrival times (while always being significantly slower
             | even on good days). So why the complains about
             | punctionality for trains, but somehow it's fine for car
             | travel?
        
               | juliangmp wrote:
               | Can't speak for Hamburg since I'm from the south. And
               | frankly, even if a car trip ends up in congestion and you
               | need 6 hours instead of 4, its still somewhat preferable
               | to being dropped off at some random station in the middle
               | of nowhere in the night and hoping the last regional
               | train at 23:48 will actually make it to its destination.
               | (Yes this happened to me)
        
             | Toorkit wrote:
             | The Autobahn is like a Mad Max movie nowadays. Turn signal?
             | What's that? I'm just gonna pop into your lane when you're
             | going 50 kph faster than me.
        
           | CuriouslyC wrote:
           | It takes forever compared to driving in most cases, catching
           | the transit often involves a walk, and a lot of public
           | transit is kind of grungy. This doesn't apply or matter as
           | much in some cases (e.g. the NY subway) but in general it's
           | not great, at least not in the USA.
        
             | jvesalius wrote:
             | >catching the transit often involves a walk
             | 
             | Tell me you're American without telling me you're American.
        
               | trealira wrote:
               | Does transit not always involve a walk, even a small one?
               | It's not like everyone lives next to a subway station,
               | and most destinations aren't right next to a subway
               | station either.
        
               | tmelm wrote:
               | He implied that Americans are not used walking places, no
               | matter how short the distance.
        
             | scns wrote:
             | Walking is good for you.
        
               | Aachen wrote:
               | Doesn't that depend on one's weight? Or was that
               | jogging/running
        
               | dnate wrote:
               | Having a "walkeable" weight is also good for you.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | Why do you avoid the rail system?
        
           | Glawen wrote:
           | Because waiting im Stau (traffic jam) is so much better.
        
             | artemonster wrote:
             | Because missing important appointment (Termin) that you
             | have arranged 3 fucking months before by waiting in a phone
             | queue for 30 minutes because your Sbahn was cancelled
             | because of a nonsense signal-related reason is so much
             | better.
        
               | Glawen wrote:
               | I'm not denying that rail service quality has gone down
               | the drain in Germany.
               | 
               | The foolproof transportation is to take a bicycle.
        
               | pimeys wrote:
               | I kind of agree and disagree with you. My main train
               | lines in Berlin are U8 and Ring and it can be annoying
               | sometimes.
               | 
               | And I will still probably never get a driver's license.
               | Been going without for 40 years already. Just being able
               | to jump into any train, bus, tram or ferry anytime is
               | really nice. I could pay double the monthly price for
               | this privilege.
        
             | scns wrote:
             | Sadly related:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI8PlJkqvc0
        
           | nik736 wrote:
           | Only 62,7% of the trains were in time (and by in time they
           | use a rigged system to count what is in time and what is
           | not). So it's basically a 50% chance if you will be delayed
           | at your destination or in time. Also note, that if you have
           | to change trains mid travel you have that chance again. That
           | means you will be late very very often. If you travel as an
           | individual and you don't value your time at all this is a
           | great deal, if you travel for business purposes good luck to
           | you.
           | 
           | Apart from that, it's a lot more stressful (and time
           | consuming) to go to a train station and leave at a train
           | station instead of just driving by car.
        
             | ant6n wrote:
             | Punctuality of local trains is much higher than the long
             | distance ones whose stats you're quoting here. For rapid
             | transit, punctuality is less of an issue, compared to
             | frequency.
        
           | chgs wrote:
           | Not exactly hard to nowadays in Germany
           | 
           | Using the rail system? Now that's a trick and a half.
        
         | sadcherry wrote:
         | Congrats, now you just need to be on board when tax money is
         | used for that infra. I bet that latest there your opposition
         | starts.
        
         | ted_dunning wrote:
         | As someone who uses the German rail any time I can, I also
         | applaud this move.
        
         | fn-mote wrote:
         | A old friend used to make the same argument for doubling the
         | price of gasoline (in Germany)... something like "it will keep
         | the rabble off the road".
        
         | hit8run wrote:
         | I can fully relate. No one wants to travel in these unreliable,
         | piss-stinking trains full of drunken criminals and islamists.
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Except this only helped the folks living close to big train
       | station hubs, across the country there are plenty of places where
       | the car is the only viable option.
        
         | orra wrote:
         | Well, no, it's primarily about regional travel, so it clearly
         | helps folks near to smaller stations.
         | 
         | Plus: your point, caller? Investing in roads only helps folks
         | with cars. There are plenty of people for whom public transport
         | is the only option.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | 1h car, 3h public transport, that is the point.
        
         | Glawen wrote:
         | Germany is a dense country with a developed rail network, you
         | are never far from a train station. Bear in mind that this
         | includes also city transportation, which makes it a great deal.
         | 
         | My gripe with the ticket is that traveling with bikes in
         | regional train became a gamble, you never know if you can get
         | in as there is so many people inside already (and even more
         | when the previous train got cancelled, which happens a lot...)
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Yeah, but doesn't make the Bahn more punctual, or reduce
           | those comute times from 3h down to the 1h that is possible by
           | car, not having to jump across four connections, with related
           | delays and dropped connections.
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | The 49 Euro ticket is about local transportation, when you
             | are talking about 3h you are talking about intercity
             | transportation not covered by this ticket.
             | 
             | Intercity travel has lots of punctuality problems but many
             | of the local train operations and S-Bahn are often much
             | superior. At least in places where I have been, like
             | Karlsruhe, Berlin, Hamburg the local transport has been
             | very good.
             | 
             | Not everything in live is about long distance communing.
             | 
             | > 3h down to the 1h
             | 
             | That completely depends on the details of your route and
             | ignores lots of possible aspects. As a universal statement
             | its just outright false.
        
               | heftig wrote:
               | No, they're talking about the local connections that are
               | covered by the ticket. They're that bad.
               | 
               | I've had similar experiences commuting into Cologne where
               | it's 40 minutes by car or 2 hours by train, and that's
               | without delays. In the rush hours it's 60 minutes by car.
               | A missed train connection adds another half hour.
        
               | Glawen wrote:
               | In that case, you better take the car. I have 40min car
               | commute or 1h30 by train, of course i'm taking my car in
               | that situation.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | 3h, that's like Hamburg-Berlin, and would not be covered by
             | the Deutschland ticket anyway
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | I wish, more like 80km, with the luck to jump between
               | bus, two connecting trains, plus bus on the destination,
               | and better not lose any of those connections.
        
           | blueflow wrote:
           | The density is not that great, its not good enough if you
           | don't have a car.
        
           | The_Colonel wrote:
           | > you are never far from a train station
           | 
           | What exactly do you mean by that? "never far" as in "always
           | within walking distance"? That would be very wrong.
           | 
           | The other factor is that frequency of service is low outside
           | of major cities. At the need to change and a small-distance
           | trip can take a couple of hours.
        
           | BlueTemplar wrote:
           | I wonder, would a foldable bike be a solution ?
        
         | Rotundo wrote:
         | This helped those people too. There is considerably less
         | traffic cutting commute time significantly.
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | > Except this only helped the folks living close to big train
         | station hubs
         | 
         | Every city has public transport.
         | 
         | There is a large density of public transport throughout the
         | country: trains, local trains, underground trains, busses,
         | ferries, ...
         | 
         | The ticket is valid there, too.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | There is a big difference between doing 1h with car, and 3h
           | with public transport.
        
             | lispm wrote:
             | maybe 3 hours in the car and 1h with public transport.
             | 
             | if you are in the rushhour and a traffic jam (not an
             | unusual problem), then the train will be faster. Plus one
             | can work in the train or relax.
             | 
             | My regional train here 20km going into the city center is
             | impossible to beat by car.
             | 
             | 77.77% of the people live in cities. 55% live in cities
             | with >20k people. Generally Germany is a decentralized
             | country with a lot of regions with local center cities.
             | There are 15 cities with >500k people. France has only
             | four.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Nope, it suffices to live 80 km away from workplace, and
               | not being lucky to live in places with direct
               | connections, where at least three changes are required,
               | with local connection bus, two train changes, plus
               | additional bus/metro/tram on destination.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | You don't need to be lucky to live in places with good
               | connections. There are many such places.
               | 
               | That car traffic has generally less problems than the
               | train system is a myth. Check the ADAC traffic event
               | overview on a random workday.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | And yet Bahn manages to outdo the Autobahn chaos without
               | much effort, and better not lose those hourly regional
               | bus connections.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | You mean the other way around.
        
               | DoreenMichele wrote:
               | It really depends on a lot of factors but I generally
               | agree that many people vastly overestimate the time
               | savings of taking a car.
               | 
               | And that's before we get into questions like "How many of
               | your hours of paid work are required to make car
               | payments, insurance payments, tag, title and
               | maintenance?"
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | Not at all, it is that bad in many areas, not everyone
               | lives in Berlin.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | There are a lot more cities with good public transport...
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | True, but that's how trains work.
         | 
         | As a counter example I live in Rome where city trains are the
         | best public transport available and house prices are heavily
         | linked to closeness to subway or train station, yet we still
         | are the city with most cars per capita in Europe and probably
         | in the whole west.
         | 
         | If only those living close to train stations used trains it
         | would massively reduce the need for cars and consequently the
         | heavy traffic we usually experience.
         | 
         | I live 15 minutes walking from the closest station and it's so
         | much better to go to work by train than by car, the trip is
         | shorter, I don't have to drive, find a parking spot, a legal
         | one, where I can't be fined and don't have to pay for it, while
         | on the train I can read and air conditioning actually works and
         | train cars are usually not crazy full like subway ones.
         | 
         | TL:DR that's how trains work they are not supposed to solve
         | every commuting problem but the solvable ones
        
         | Sakos wrote:
         | It helped anybody and everybody that wanted to travel for any
         | reason. It meant I could go to the nearest big city to catch a
         | movie at an IMAX theatre, something that was significantly more
         | expensive before. You don't need a big train station hub to
         | have trains, and you only need a few trains or buses to make up
         | for the cost and make it worth it. Since, you know, it applies
         | to buses as well. I live in a small shithole town, and it's
         | extremely convenient to have the Deutschlandticket because it
         | means I can take the bus to anywhere in the area, including the
         | nearest train station, and I can take a train to anywhere I
         | want from nearby towns to cities hours away. Even though I own
         | a car again, I still have the ticket because of how useful it
         | is and how much money it saves.
         | 
         | I don't understand how anybody can paint this as a bad thing.
         | Are you also against universal health care by any chance?
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | Just about all of which used to have train service, right?
         | 
         | I mean, in the US I've been to a lot of small towns where there
         | is no train service, but the old station is still there, with
         | the rails all torn out and replaced with houses, or roads, or
         | bike paths.
         | 
         | And in the UK, the infamous Beeching cuts in the 1960s removed
         | lines based on a profitability model which wasn't applied to
         | roads, causing many communities to lose rail service and
         | essentially require everyone there to shift to cars (replacing
         | trains with bus service failed.)
         | 
         | How much of Germany is like that, where the people in the
         | country insisted on good roads for their cars, causing the rail
         | system to be decommissioned, and now they are stuck with that
         | decades-old decision to prioritize the more environment
         | destroying option?
        
           | chgs wrote:
           | Most beeching stations were of no use- the service wasn't
           | there. The village my son's school is at had a station, a
           | mile out the middle, with 5 trains a day. You would have to
           | change to another train to get to a station with a regular
           | service to London, and increasing services wouldn't be
           | possible without significantly increasing terminal capacity.
           | 
           | Menawhile the far larger village I live in has never had a
           | station.
           | 
           | Some lines would be useful nowadays and could possibly be
           | worthwhile, but there was no realistic way to know which
           | should have been kept in the 60s. Far better would be to stop
           | all the nonsense and just start digging new lines. But we
           | proved we can't do that - look at the billions of pounds
           | spent attempting to appease the millionaires in
           | Buckinghamshire with tunnels. Billions the m40 never had to
           | spend.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > But we proved we can't do that - look at the billions of
             | pounds spent attempting to appease the millionaires in
             | Buckinghamshire with tunnels
             | 
             | Some political groups will never be happy, I wonder if
             | better strategy is confrontating them then appeasing them.
             | At least would have kept the budget down
        
             | eesmith wrote:
             | That's really not my point.
             | 
             | Okay, now the village has no train service, so they are
             | required to use cars or buses to get around.
             | 
             | Then the UK introduces a "UK ticket", PS50/month for local
             | train service anywhere in the UK.
             | 
             | If those villagers protest against the ticket, because it's
             | funded by their taxes while they can't use it, how should
             | we understand that complaint?
             | 
             | One way is to use their anger to justify shutting down the
             | new ticket scheme. This is typical us-vs-them politics.
             | 
             | A second is to say "suck it you car-addicted freaks", as if
             | they had a choice in the matter and were not stuck with the
             | results of decisions made during their grandparents' time.
             | 
             | A third is to re-connect train services, an option made
             | much more expensive by the decision to not bank the rail
             | lines for possible future expansion; a hidden debt which
             | must now be paid.
             | 
             | But then who will pay those costs?
             | 
             | Simply saying 'only helped the folks living close to big
             | train station hubs, across the country there are plenty of
             | places where the car is the only viable option' is entirely
             | too simplistic to be meaningful.
        
               | chgs wrote:
               | My village - which is far larger nowadays - never had a
               | station.
               | 
               | Subsidising buses like the PS2 fare makes far more sense
               | for most people than subsidising trains. Not that we get
               | a bus which goes anywhere useful like a train station
               | there's 6 a day but you then need to change to another
               | bus to get to the station.
               | 
               | Offering free parking at stations would help with a
               | "living close to station" lot. I went to Birmingham a few
               | weeks ago, choice is drive 30 minutes to station, pay
               | PS12 to park, then pay PS17 for the train fare. Instead I
               | just drove the extra 40 minutes and paid PS10 to park in
               | Birmingham.
        
               | eesmith wrote:
               | > Offering free parking at stations
               | 
               | From everything I've read, that's a huge subsidy. It
               | takes land away from people willing to live without a
               | car, and who would pay to be in walking distance from the
               | station.
               | 
               | Put subsidized parking around a station and you lose that
               | tax base, and encourage even more car dependency.
               | 
               | Read https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beeching_cuts#Replacem
               | ent_buse... and you'll see why you need to bribe people
               | with cheap parking to use the trains:
               | 
               | > The assumption at the time[citation needed] was that
               | car owners would drive to the nearest railhead (which was
               | usually the junction where the closed branch line would
               | otherwise have taken them) and continue their journey
               | onwards by train. In practice, having left home in their
               | cars, people used them for the whole journey. Similarly
               | for freight: without branch lines, the railways' ability
               | to transport goods "door to door" was dramatically
               | reduced. As in the passenger model, it was assumed that
               | lorries would pick up goods and transport them to the
               | nearest railhead, where they would be taken across the
               | country by train, unloaded onto another lorry and taken
               | to their destination. The development of the motorway
               | network, the advent of containerisation, improvements in
               | lorries and the economic costs of having two break-bulk
               | points combined to make long-distance road transport a
               | more viable alternative.
               | 
               | You've built a lot of your country around car transport
               | (and diesel trains instead of electrification). Less than
               | we did in the US, certainly, but the fundamental problem
               | is to reduce the severity of the greenhouse crisis. If
               | rail subsidies reduce CO2 emissions and parking
               | subsidized does not, then why do the latter?
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | People talk a lot of nonsense about 'Beeching cuts' without
           | really understanding the history. 'Beeching' has simply
           | become a political buzzword anybody who knows even a little
           | about rail likes to bandy about.
           | 
           | Lines started closing around the 1930s and after WW2 this
           | continued. Beeching was only working on this topic a short
           | time and produced a report that suggested lots of things.
           | Some of those things were done, others weren't. Cuts happened
           | before Beeching and after him. And they happened during
           | various different railroads organization schemes.
           | 
           | That it was strictly about profitability is also false. If
           | anything it was about cost. They believed in future buses
           | (and yes cars) would take car of those communities. At that
           | time bus services were often government run.
           | 
           | And Beeching was actually correct in many cases. The British
           | rail system was simply not rationally build. It was basically
           | built by partly speculation driven rush. While this is not a
           | bad and certainly gave Britain a great rail system, once you
           | have centralized control it does actually make sense to
           | reevaluate. Lots of lines didn't make rational sense to
           | continue.
           | 
           | Now of course I agree that to many lines were closed that
           | shouldn't have been closed. But that is only a small part of
           | the issue with the rail system. Britain still has a pretty
           | high rail density.
        
             | eesmith wrote:
             | > Beeching
             | 
             | The Beeching report of course cut no lines. It was just a
             | report. By "Beeching cut" I mean the systemic policy of the
             | time of prioritizing roads over rail, using the report as
             | synecdoche.
             | 
             | > They believed in future buses (and yes cars) would take
             | car of those communities.
             | 
             | That belief is the core of my comment, not the specific
             | details of which lines were cut.
             | 
             | Once the lines are torn up, and the land not banked for
             | future possible reuse, it's very hard for a car-centric
             | area to switch away from cars.
             | 
             | How much should the sore feelings of those consigned to
             | live in a car-only area affect the decision to promote rail
             | service in order to reduce CO2 emissions?
             | 
             | In my opinion, zero.
             | 
             | > That it was strictly about profitability is also false.
             | If anything it was about cost.
             | 
             | When I wrote 'profitability model' I wasn't saying it was
             | strictly about profitability. The report clearly uses
             | profitability as one of the driving factors, but not the
             | only factor.
             | 
             | My point is that the model which lead to statements like
             | "As soon as the required procedure permits, it is desired
             | to withdraw those passenger train services which are
             | clearly uneconomic" was not applied to roads. Outside of a
             | few toll roads and bridges, the direct earnings of a road
             | is zero, resulting in an expected loss in total gross
             | revenue.
             | 
             | The environment impact to the cuts clearly wasn't included,
             | but neither was the implied increased demand for new roads,
             | nor the higher road maintenance costs, much less concepts
             | of induced demand that Leeming was just then formulating.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | What's your definition of 'big train station hubs'? There are
         | plenty of places that have small train station that connect to
         | bigger hubs. The claim that its only useful for people close to
         | 'big hubs' is simply false.
         | 
         | Yes there are places where cars are better in some aspects, but
         | that is the case no matter how the ticket is structured. You
         | can't magically extend the train network by reducing ticket
         | price.
         | 
         | And if cars are the only viable option is questionable, as
         | there are many people even in those places who don't own a car.
         | They just have to live with subpar bus system or other local
         | transport.
        
       | zelphirkalt wrote:
       | Well, of course, if we didn't have traffic ministers again and
       | again, who do everything they can to make rail less attractive
       | and road more attractive, then we could probably have a great
       | system. But automobile lobby is so strong, they buy all the
       | politicians in that role, probably even before they land in that
       | role, so I guess normal people will have to keep suffering, so
       | that those politicians can have a life of luxury. Thank you.
        
         | gacklecackle wrote:
         | Automobile lobby? That's BS. The German rail system has been
         | cost-saved to death, it now barely handles the increased
         | passenger volume as a result of the D-Ticket. Overcrowded
         | trains, even more delays and train cancellations (b/c of
         | insufficient staff coverage, malfunctioning doors, etc.) even
         | with S-Bahn trains are getting out of hand. "Transitwende" my
         | ass! Same with the "Energiewende".
         | 
         | How i envy the Dutch and Belgian transport situation!
        
           | Fanmade wrote:
           | I don't get why you would write your first two sentences. It
           | is very obvious how the automobile lobby has a direct
           | influence here. Here is an excellent documentary (in German)
           | that analyzes the issues with the DB.
           | https://youtu.be/-dmtNToFwuI?si=3ydA_QOjzOvTke2_&t=480 At the
           | linked time stamp, they mention that every minister of
           | transport in the very influential period from 2009-2021 came
           | from Bavaria, with heavy influence from companies like Audi,
           | MAN, and BMW.
        
           | hobofan wrote:
           | > The German rail system has been cost-saved to death
           | 
           | Yes, because the the traffic ministers allocate the spending
           | of their resort to the Autobahn instead of the Deutsche Bahn.
        
       | petesergeant wrote:
       | I really really would like to see Labour in the UK to use their
       | sizeable majority + Parliamentary sovereignty to upgrade the UK's
       | infrastructure, including more train subsidies, but they seem
       | very cautious and also terrified of raising taxes. Such a waste
       | that the UK is one of the few places where Parliament could just
       | ram shit through and yet building anything in the UK is so
       | hampered by self-imposed red tape.
        
         | chgs wrote:
         | 15 years of all major parties supporting hs2 and it couldn't be
         | rammed through
         | 
         | Want to improve things for people in the UK, ram through
         | massive new housing akin to the newtowns of 50 years ago.
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | HS2 was an ongoing project, it was threw. It was simply
           | cancled by a fucking asshat person who tried to appeal to the
           | far right in a series of stunts to save his sorry ass.
           | 
           | New housing has to be built along transportation corridors.
           | If you want to efficiently build housing, you have to extend
           | transportation infrastructure into areas and then grow towns
           | around that.
           | 
           | This isn't actually hard and has been done for 100 years but
           | somehow in modern day many countries are to stupid to
           | understand this.
        
             | chgs wrote:
             | HS2 spent years and billions trying to keep the moaners in
             | the chilterns happy. The number of tunnels is insane.
             | 
             | The M40 didn't have this problem.
             | 
             | Yes transportation goes without saying. Places like Telford
             | and Milton Keynes and the likes. There are tons of places
             | on the WCML that could have MK style communities.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | > through massive new housing akin to the newtowns of 50
           | years ago
           | 
           | New towns will just be full of commuters and have no life in
           | them. We need to build high rises in cities, and give people
           | living in apartments real rights - the leasehold system is
           | feudalism.
           | 
           | And give Manchester and Birmingham real metro/tube systems!
        
         | flooow wrote:
         | Lots of people seem surprised that the new government
         | apparently have no desire to improve the dire state of the UK.
         | But that was never on the cards and the idea that they might
         | have done so is pure projection. The current leadership of the
         | Labour party are from the right-wing Labour First faction who
         | have always been very clear that their aims are not to improve
         | the country but to keep the left out of power. They will govern
         | in the same business-as-usual nothing-can-ever-get-better vein
         | as the Tories and their Blairite predecessors.
         | 
         | However I don't blame the public for not knowing this fact.
         | There was (and to some extent still is) a media lockdown on
         | reporting who is behind the Starmer project. (Because if it had
         | been reported on it might not have succeeded).
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | Terrified of raising taxes? I dunno, they are planning to raise
         | taxes and introduce new ones. Cautious? Not in the least.
         | Walking into one PR disaster after another.
         | 
         | There is no way to fix the UK railways, because it would
         | require expensive engineering projects and purchase of private
         | land/properties at low prices. People would vote them out as
         | soon as they could. So no chance of that happening anytime
         | soon.
        
       | jdietrich wrote:
       | Providing these EUR49 tickets requires an annual subsidy of
       | around EUR3bn, on top of already substantial subsidies for the
       | rail industry. If we accept that it reduces carbon emissions by
       | 6.7 million tonnes per year, then that works out to EUR447 per
       | tonne. That really isn't good value - most carbon abatement
       | methods cost well under $100 per tonne.
       | 
       | I do recognise that modal shift towards rail may have other
       | positive externalities, but I don't know how to price any of
       | them.
       | 
       | https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/ghg-abatement...
        
         | szundi wrote:
         | Secret plan of car driving politicians to decrease the traffic
         | for themselves
        
         | Arn_Thor wrote:
         | When you say "carbon abatement" do you mean carbon
         | credits/cleanup or other ways of emitting less of it in the
         | first place?
        
         | V__ wrote:
         | > already substantial subsidies for the rail industry
         | 
         | Though to be fair, there are also substantial subsidies for the
         | whole road network.
        
           | theendisney4 wrote:
           | Roads are much more efficient with fewer cars.
        
             | kachapopopow wrote:
             | The weather would like to have a word with you.
        
             | bmoxb wrote:
             | By what metric?
        
             | lispm wrote:
             | A German study from 2021 says road traffic created 70
             | billion euros costs per year. Of that 45 billion had to be
             | paid from general taxes.
        
             | msandford wrote:
             | This was phrased poorly if I understand the meaning.
             | 
             | "If there is limited use, roads are more efficient than
             | rail"
             | 
             | That's probably true as roads tend to cost less per mile
             | than rail and you don't have transfer problems.
             | 
             | When heavily utilized the opposite is true: rail is more
             | efficient than roads.
        
               | theendisney4 wrote:
               | I dont know how things are in germany but in the
               | netherlands a lot more people own cars which slows down
               | traffic.
               | 
               | All over the world they keep rebuilding congestion points
               | only for traffic to increase.
               | 
               | If making public transport cheaper attracts more
               | travelers there will be fewer cars on the road. The money
               | spend on public transport will aso make car travel more
               | efficient. Roads will last longer. Fewer upgrades are
               | needed. Cars will last longer. etc
               | 
               | It is hard to picture how many cars it takes to move a
               | train full of people.
               | 
               | > 7.6 percent fewer kilometres travelled by car.
               | 
               | > German cars were recorded to have travelled 582.4
               | billion kilometers.
        
             | taberiand wrote:
             | That's why motorists should always vote for more public
             | transport, instead of increasing road lanes - road per user
             | is improved if you reduce the number of other cars
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | Road vehicles are heavily taxed in European countries. I
           | don't have the figures for Germany, but the UK spends PS12bn
           | per year on roads, while it collects PS25bn in road fuel duty
           | and PS7bn in vehicle excise duty.
           | 
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/298675/united-kingdom-
           | uk...
           | 
           | https://obr.uk/forecasts-in-depth/tax-by-tax-spend-by-
           | spend/...
           | 
           | https://obr.uk/forecasts-in-depth/tax-by-tax-spend-by-
           | spend/...
        
             | V__ wrote:
             | Vehicle, gas and similar taxes are about EUR50bn in
             | Germany. The cost of the road system is about EUR70bn.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.forschung-und-
             | wissen.de/nachrichten/oekonomie/au...
        
             | taffer wrote:
             | According to a study by the HTW Berlin, Germany collects
             | EUR50 billion in road taxes and duties, but spends EUR30
             | billion on road maintenance and EUR30 billion on traffic
             | police and road accident victims. Add to this an estimated
             | EUR10-30 billion in environmental damage due to air and
             | noise pollution.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | There are also deaths caused by road accidents and health
             | issues caused by pollution.
             | 
             | Those have real economic impacts which aren't being
             | reflected in the true cost of cars.
        
         | 2-3-7-43-1807 wrote:
         | > Providing these EUR49 tickets requires an annual subsidy of
         | around EUR3bn
         | 
         | and how was this number actually calculated?
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | https://urban-mobility-
           | observatory.transport.ec.europa.eu/ne...
        
             | 2-3-7-43-1807 wrote:
             | just around 2 billion
        
               | iggldiggl wrote:
               | Where are you reading that? The 2 billion (2.3 billions
               | exactly) figure was for _2023_ and only covered the
               | period from the ticket 's introduction in May through to
               | December, i.e. only two thirds of a fully year.
        
         | ccppurcell wrote:
         | I find the word subsidy to be a possible weasel word here. I
         | don't know all the details but a railway system has certain
         | costs (fuel, personnel, water, upkeep, the trains themselves
         | and so on) and takes in a certain amount of revenue (fares and
         | subsidies, also food etc). It might be true that the government
         | increased the subsidy in order to support the cheaper tickets.
         | But that's not the same as "requires". Perhaps I'm splitting
         | hairs but there's a strong danger of comparing apples and
         | oranges if these things aren't spelled out imo.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | Here's another way to think about it: Germany invested N
           | billion into shifting behavior to rail.
           | 
           | How many billions in subsidies has OpenAI gotten to build us
           | a chatbot?
        
             | vkreso wrote:
             | You mean another example of apples and oranges?
             | 
             | Is software and transportation really a good example?
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I'm not aware of any subsidies openAi has received. Did I
             | miss something or is this one of the situations we're we
             | are making up new definitions for words?
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > I'm not aware of any subsidies openAi has received.
               | 
               | It is rumored that the military (and perhaps three-letter
               | agencies) has/have special contracts with OpenAI. This
               | can definitely be called a subsidy.
        
               | punchmesan wrote:
               | A contract isn't a subsidy... A subsidy would be giving
               | them dollars without any particular strings attached
               | except perhaps to use those funds to develop the product.
               | If the contract is to provide money in exchange for
               | services, that's called a transaction.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | I see it differently: for example the fact that the US
               | government spends a lot of money on military can in my
               | opinion clearly be called a subsidy for the military-
               | industrial complex.
        
               | punchmesan wrote:
               | So then if the government buys pens and reams of paper,
               | then it's the government subsidizing office supply
               | stores? But it's not a subsidy if a corporation spends
               | money on the same supplies?
               | 
               | My employer does business with the DoD and with private
               | corporate entities. Both the government and the private
               | sector spend the same money and receive the same products
               | and services. I appreciate that you have a different
               | perspective, but I have a hard time considering my
               | employer "subsidized by the US government" just because
               | the government purchases our product.
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > So then if the government buys pens and reams of paper,
               | then it's the government subsidizing office supply
               | stores?
               | 
               | If the government is a particularly important customer:
               | yes.
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | It's important to distinguish between an operational cost
             | and capital investment here.
             | 
             | If rail usage continues once the spending stops then it's
             | an investment. Otherwise is an operating subsidy.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | paying for part of the ticket is not an investment, as
               | there's no residual value from this payment. An
               | investment must have some sort of residual value, which
               | over time, is recouped and perhaps even makes a return
               | (hopefully).
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | I'm not sure if it's the case here with Germany, but
           | typically we refer to transit spending like this as
           | "subsidies" but for some reason we forget that building and
           | maintaining roads and highways and such are subsidies too.
           | 
           | In the case of the US and probably everywhere else, the
           | highway subsidies are a little insidious too because not only
           | do you pay a boatload of money for highway expansion you have
           | to then go and buy an expensive car and fuel too.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >not only do you pay a boatload of money for highway
             | expansion you have to then go and buy an expensive car and
             | fuel too.
             | 
             | the federal excise tax on fuel pays for (at least in part)
             | the "boatload of money for highway expansion "
        
               | Schiendelman wrote:
               | Not much. A lot more comes from state funding, which can
               | be anything from property tax to sales tax to additional
               | fuel taxes. Because you pay about the same fuel tax per
               | mile on a 60 mph road as a 25 mph road (but the 60mph
               | road costs 100x as much), you also find driving on slow
               | roads becomes a subsidy to building fast roads.
        
               | diordiderot wrote:
               | No it doesn't.
               | 
               | Fuel tax income is ~100 Billion
               | 
               | Road expenditures are ~200 Billion
               | 
               | (Combined state and federal)
        
           | PlunderBunny wrote:
           | Don't forget too that the cost of proving roads is also
           | 'subsidised' in most countries, but we're tend to be a bit
           | blind to that.
           | 
           | (This is not an argument against rail - I just find that
           | subsidies are often mentioned with respect to rail but not
           | with roads).
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | Calculating the subsidy associated with state maintenance
             | of roads for private vehicles is difficult.
             | 
             | Some basic level of signage and hazard prevention
             | (potholes, ice etc) is necessary for emergency vehicles and
             | other government operations.
             | 
             | Thereafter, although there is some maintenance cost
             | associated with the road wear from private vehicles and the
             | additional infrastructure required for higher traffic
             | volumes, we don't have an easy way to calculate the cost.
        
               | clhodapp wrote:
               | Wouldn't the very patterns of development be different
               | (and more amenable to rail) if the state didn't spend
               | oodles of money building nice roads to make sprawl
               | livable?
        
               | treflop wrote:
               | Sprawl happens when there is available undeveloped land.
               | Roads are just a symptom.
               | 
               | People build outwards first and then upwards.
        
               | Arainach wrote:
               | There is plenty of undeveloped land that people don't
               | move to because there are no roads to get to.
               | 
               | We have more than a century of data showing that roads
               | are subject to induced demand. If you build more roads,
               | people move and sprawl (and take more trips in general)
               | until traffic is once again unbearably bad.
               | 
               | If you build more lanes, more people move further out.
               | Roads create sprawl.
        
               | bjelkeman-again wrote:
               | And active urban planning avoids sprawl.
        
               | spacebanana7 wrote:
               | At a high level, urbanisation rates increased through the
               | road building binge of the 20th century.
               | 
               | Perhaps those new migrants to cities would've chosen to
               | stay in the countryside without roads? Worsening the
               | economics of rail.
               | 
               | Or maybe they'd use their collective voting power to get
               | more rail friendly new towns built?
               | 
               | I don't think the answer is obvious.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | Before the road building binge there was the rail
               | building binge, though limited to the largest cities.
               | 
               | As an example, see the history of the Metropolitan Line
               | in London.
        
               | xg15 wrote:
               | Also bridges and tunnels, which seem to be very expensive
               | to maintain.
        
               | halostatue wrote:
               | I disagree that it's difficult: excepting toll roads and
               | "unassumed" roads++, the subsidy is 100% (and most toll
               | roads are likely subsidized at a substantial fraction of
               | their cost, since the tolls are rarely high enough to be
               | self-sufficient).
               | 
               | It doesn't matter whether the money used to pay for road
               | maintenance comes from property taxes (like in Toronto),
               | income taxes (Ontario areas not maintained by cities /
               | regions / counties), or gas taxes (much of the U.S.?). If
               | you're not paying per use of the road, there is a 100%
               | subsidy on the maintenance of the road.
               | 
               | There are definite costs to _not_ maintaining those roads
               | (people won 't move where there aren't roads;
               | unmaintained roads will result in more costs to the
               | people using those roads as their vehicles are damaged
               | more frequently--which may result in costs to the
               | municipality for not properly maintaining those roads),
               | but we should not pretend roads are self-sustaining or
               | aren't entirely subsidized.
               | 
               | ++ Unassumed roads are those built privately by the
               | landowners in common and are not maintained by the local
               | government. When used for private dwellings, these roads
               | _usually_ fall under the sway of the local government
               | after a period of time, even if they were built initially
               | by a subdivision subcontractor.
        
             | throwaway48476 wrote:
             | People don't think of it as a subsidy because they are not
             | charged per use a la toll road.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | People also pay fuel tax, registration tax, and other
               | taxes that fund the roads
        
               | usefulcat wrote:
               | I think the point is that if they had to do those things
               | every time they used a road it would be more obvious
               | (like buying a train ticket).
        
               | komali2 wrote:
               | They do have to do it every time, through the fuel tax.
               | Driving costs fuel. I guess people just don't think of it
               | though.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | it's not a subsidy if it's a user-pays system.
               | 
               | A subsidy is only a subsidy if users don't necessarily
               | pay the full cost, and the rest is borne by some other
               | group of people who _don't_ use the service.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | One issue is that people often benefit from
               | infrastructure without explicitly using it.
               | 
               | Example, road network isn't paid by car owners. But non-
               | drivers clearly benefit from the road network, is the
               | road network subsidized?
               | 
               | Other example, people who rarely take the train still
               | benefit from rail infrastructure (freight, reduced
               | congestion etc). Is the rail network subsidized?
        
               | komali2 wrote:
               | Oh to clarify on that point, the majority of roadwork is
               | paid for by property taxes in I believe everywhere in the
               | USA. Certainly in Texas.
        
               | Schiendelman wrote:
               | In the United States, often a large amount of road
               | funding comes from property tax, so it has nothing to do
               | with operating a car.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | At least in the US, those taxes are nowhere near enough
               | to pay for maintenance, let alone new construction. The
               | rest is a straight subsidy from the general fund,
               | typically paid for by passing the debt to our children.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | Do you think that covers the cost of building and
               | maintaining the road network infrastructure?
               | 
               | Do you think that it covers the cost of excess death
               | caused by particle emissions and road fatalities?
               | 
               | We don't have the option to completely replace car
               | infrastructure, but we shouldn't act like it isn't
               | heavily subsidized.
               | 
               | That said, the positive externalities are also
               | significant, but so are the positive externalities from
               | rail traffic.
        
               | ozim wrote:
               | Everyone has access to a road. Not everyone has access to
               | rail. No business can run without access to road, most
               | businesses can run without access to rail.
               | 
               | There is basically no way to compare rail vs roads and
               | making some arguments based on that.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | Everyone who don't own a car have significantly less
               | access to roads than someone who do.
               | 
               | Of course it's possible to compare the advantages and
               | drawbacks of different modes of transport. No society can
               | function without roads, but it's still a question of
               | priorities.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > Everyone who don't own a car have significantly less
               | access to roads than someone who do.
               | 
               | Most weeks I spend more hours cycling on these roads than
               | driving.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | Imagine how much less maintenance cost your biking causes
               | than driving a car.
        
               | The_Colonel wrote:
               | > Everyone has access to a road. Not everyone has access
               | to rail.
               | 
               | Similar argument can be made about highways to which not
               | everybody has (direct) access, they are not a matter of
               | life and death for most businesses and are heavily
               | subsidized.
        
               | stephen_g wrote:
               | You don't generally see figures from any jurisdiction
               | (and I've seen numbers for a lot of countries and states)
               | where those charges and taxes make much more than 50% or
               | so of the actual costs of building and maintaining road
               | networks, and that's just the actual spend before even
               | trying to quantify all the social and environmental
               | costs!
        
               | OJFord wrote:
               | I don't really follow that, a toll is a way for it not to
               | be (or to be less) subsidised?
        
             | Gibbon1 wrote:
             | I remember Brad deLong did back of the napkin analysis to
             | determine how much a bart fare should be including the cost
             | of freeways. It was minus $2.00 or something.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | It's not a weasel word, it's a word used to describe any
           | program provided by the government that does not bring in
           | enough revenue on its own to pay for itself.
           | 
           | The same word applies to roads that do not pay for themselves
           | through gas tax and/or tolls.
           | 
           | If the government pays for something through a general fund
           | from income/property/corporate taxes, it's subsidized.
           | 
           | It's important to call these out whenever they are because it
           | means the program is not sustainable on its own and that puts
           | it at risk during austerity, etc.
        
             | eschaton wrote:
             | > not sustainable on its own
             | 
             | Or it is something that provides a benefit to society as a
             | whole and therefore deserves to be maintained by the
             | institution established by society to do such things,
             | government, without assuming economic efficiency is 100%
             | correlated with societal benefit.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Yes, that's the argument for all subsidized things.
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | >The same word applies to roads that do not pay for
             | themselves through gas tax and/or tolls.
             | 
             | I'm German and I can tell you it really does not. Like in a
             | lot of countries car infrastructure is treated like the
             | state of nature, it's just somehow there, and the
             | infrastructure burden of parking, road construction and
             | what have you isn't a topic. It's the 'default culture' and
             | the support it gets is just the status quo, when you try to
             | internalize the cost you cause a shitstorm. Look at how
             | well surge pricing or road toll debates go over in most
             | places, or how sensitive people are to fuel prices.
             | 
             | Rail transport be it commercial or individual despite the
             | fact that it's so much cheaper (in particular on emissions
             | as well) is always one political decision away from being
             | privatized or culled.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | The far-right Berlin government is currently doing its
               | darnedest to build the most expensive highway in all of
               | Germany, that nobody actually wants, through a cultural
               | area. Probably because their friend owns the highway
               | construction company.
        
               | okr wrote:
               | Oh please, far-right? It is leftists, that sees
               | everything beside them as far-right. I would call it
               | conservative. Something the 'left' forgets, that there
               | are also some real people, who do not want to pay for the
               | leftist dreamworld. Yuck.
        
               | nerdbert wrote:
               | > people, who do not want to pay for the leftist
               | dreamworld
               | 
               | Except that time and time again, it turns out that the
               | "leftist dreamworld" is actually cheaper.
               | 
               | Providing subsidized housing for poor people costs less
               | in the long run than dealing with homelessness.
               | 
               | Providing nationalized or strictly regulated healthcare
               | costs less than fully privatized systems where healthcare
               | operators do as they please.
               | 
               | Facilitating active transport such as bike lanes costs
               | cities less, and moves more people more quickly, than
               | focusing exclusively on cars.
               | 
               | What these people actually want is not to save money, but
               | to carefully ensure that any money spent suits only their
               | preferences and identity groups rather than benefiting
               | society as a whole.
        
               | okr wrote:
               | The thing is, it is never enough and ends up usually in a
               | disaster and people lose their life, because their
               | opinions get in the way.
               | 
               | Subsidy kills innovation. There is no incentive anymore
               | to make things better. You always must know someone, you
               | can bribe, so that something gets done.
               | 
               | I get it, hackernews is flooded with well meaning people
               | making way more money than normal people do. They see,
               | how 'unfair' the world is: why am i making so much more
               | and they so little. It is the ground, where this
               | despicable left mind virus can grow, and then they start
               | to steal people's money for their grandiose ideas.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Then let's stop subsidizing cars and fossil fuels.
        
               | okr wrote:
               | Good luck!
        
               | VancouverMan wrote:
               | I don't see how any government, regardless of location,
               | that spends large sums of taxpayer money on a
               | construction project could ever be considered to be
               | "right wing" in any way, let alone "far-right".
               | 
               | Such behaviour fundamentally contradicts even the mildest
               | of right-of-centre ideologies.
               | 
               | An actual right-of-centre government would never even
               | consider starting such a project.
               | 
               | If a right-of-centre government happened to inherit one
               | that had been started by a previous administration, for
               | example, such a project would be immediately terminated,
               | any assets liquidated, and the proceeds directly returned
               | to the taxpayers.
               | 
               | The only way that such a project would ever exist under a
               | right-of-centre government would be if it were initiated,
               | funded, built, operated, and maintained solely by the
               | private sector, without any government involvement at
               | all.
               | 
               | Practices such as the collection of taxes, raising public
               | debt, and government built/run infrastructure are part of
               | left-of-centre ideologies, and certainly not right-of-
               | centre in any way.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | Unfortunately right wing parties throughout the West have
               | been taken over by grifters, and anything like
               | traditional conservatism has been tossed by the wayside.
        
               | VancouverMan wrote:
               | You're absolutely right that some political parties
               | wrongly use a term like "conservative" in their party
               | name, or otherwise incorrectly portray themselves as
               | being "right wing".
               | 
               | Ultimately, though, they're still left-wing parties in
               | practice, pushing left-wing ideologies, regardless of the
               | facade they might try to put up.
               | 
               | A party doesn't just become "right wing" because they
               | claim to be, especially when their actions and policies
               | are decidedly left-wing.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Pray tell, was Adolf Hitler left or right wing?
        
               | lolc wrote:
               | Sure if you define terms in your own strict way you can
               | write a long comment on how everybody else is using the
               | term wrong. Why should people use your definition though?
        
               | VancouverMan wrote:
               | That isn't "my definition".
               | 
               | Left-wing ideologies inherently promote concepts like
               | collectivist big government, high taxation, massive
               | government spending, and government-controlled
               | infrastructure.
               | 
               | Right-wing ideologies, on the other hand, inherently
               | promote individualism, minimal to no taxation, minimal to
               | no government spending, and privately-controlled
               | infrastructure.
               | 
               | That's just the fundamental nature of a two-dimensional
               | political spectrum. It has nothing to do with me.
               | 
               | Anyone claiming that a government exhibiting decidedly
               | left-wing traits is somehow "far right" is simply making
               | a wrong analysis.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | This is observably false. One observation is that the US
               | government debt grows more quickly when the Republican
               | party is in power.
               | 
               | What is true is that left-wing ideology promotes taking a
               | bit from everyone to give a lot to everyone, while right-
               | wing ideology does not promote giving a lot, or anything,
               | to everyone, but often still promotes taking a bit, or a
               | lot, from everyone and funneling it to places that do not
               | benefit very many people.
               | 
               | Leftists will promote plans like: tax carbon emissions
               | and use the money to subsidize clean power plants.
               | Rightists will enact (without promoting) plans like: give
               | a lot of taxpayer money to this company for unclear
               | reasons, and don't worry about how to raise the money -
               | make it the next government's problem to deal with the
               | debt pile. The latter is, of course, individualist.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > Right-wing ideologies, on the other hand, inherently
               | promote individualism
               | 
               | Right wing promotes authoritanism, which is pretty much
               | the opposite of individual rights. Right wing governments
               | stand for strict laws and strong enforcement, where the
               | people must obey or else.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Left-wing ideologies inherently promote concepts like
               | collectivist big government, high taxation, massive
               | government spending, and government-controlled
               | infrastructure.
               | 
               | Incorrect. Left-wing ideologies promote downward
               | distribution of power from established elites; one
               | particular subset of left-wing ideologies (socialism)
               | promotes labor control of the means of production, and
               | one particular subset of socialism promotes a situation
               | in which the working class controls the state which then
               | acts as the vehicle through which control of the means of
               | production is exercised (but libertarian socialism, for
               | instance, also exists.)
               | 
               | Right-wing ideologies instead promote systems which
               | concentrate power in narrow elites; different varieties
               | of right-wing ideology justify this based in various
               | mixes kf views of inherent merit, whether based on
               | sex/gender, race, individual bloodline, "revealed merit"
               | in notionally competitive environments where capacity at
               | time t is heavily influenced by success at t-1, or
               | whatever else.
               | 
               | You are confusing the left-right axis with the
               | libertarian-authoritarian axis, which is a different axis
               | of ideological (or sometimes merely praxis) variation.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Destroying "degenerate" cultural institutions is very
               | much right wing; so is giving taxpayer money to cronies;
               | so is overloading the government with debt.
        
               | VancouverMan wrote:
               | This entity you're describing clearly isn't "right wing"
               | if it uses left-wing practices like taxation, public
               | debt, and government-funded "cultural institutions"
               | (whatever that actually means).
               | 
               | Taxation is inherently a left-wing concept. Under right-
               | wing ideologies, there would not be any taxpayer money to
               | give "cronies" because such funds never would be
               | collected from taxpayers in the first place.
               | 
               | Public debt is inherently a left-wing concept. Under
               | right-wing ideologies, there wouldn't even be any
               | government entity capable of incurring debt.
               | 
               | "Cultural institutions" involving the government are
               | inherently a left-wing concept. Under right-wing
               | ideologies, the government simply wouldn't have the
               | resources to create "cultural institutions" and any such
               | entities that did exist would be created, funded, and
               | operated by the private sector alone.
               | 
               | If you're truly upset about the things you just
               | described, then it's because you dislike left-wing
               | ideologies, even if you don't recognize it.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | US debt increases much faster when the right wing is in
               | power. This is an empirical fact which trumps theory.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > The same word applies to roads that do not pay for
             | themselves through gas tax and/or tolls.
             | 
             | More or less all non-toll roads (and a few toll roads too).
             | Which makes "applies" seems a bit pointless.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | I don't think you know what the word "applies" means.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | If I tell you that the air is clear, and you respond
               | "That applies to all air on earth", you've provided no
               | additional information.
               | 
               | If I tell you that humans are generally between zero and
               | 120 years of age, and you respond "That applies to most
               | humans", you've provided no additional information.
               | 
               | If I tell you "most comments on HN are well-written and
               | thoughtfully constructed" and you respond "That doesn't
               | apply to yours", you've provided some additional
               | information.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > the program is not sustainable on its own
             | 
             | So arrest, investigation prosecution and imprisonment of
             | anyone who steals from Amazon is a massive subsidy, since
             | Amazon pays no tax.
        
               | reshlo wrote:
               | Not to mention the money spent on funding food stamps for
               | Amazon's underpaid employees.
        
               | immibis wrote:
               | Yes. The government massively subsidises owning physical
               | property.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Amazon collects sales tax and most certainly pays
               | property taxes that fund the law enforcement you are
               | talking about.
        
             | klipt wrote:
             | Most of the value created by public transit goes into the
             | land near the stations. Employers want offices near
             | stations and employees want homes near stations.
             | 
             | You can recover as lot more money from taxing the land than
             | from fares.
        
               | Sabinus wrote:
               | I read about train infrastructure development that was
               | privately funded and built from the profits from land
               | speculation near the new stations.
        
             | smcl wrote:
             | > The same word applies to roads that do not pay for
             | themselves through gas tax and/or tolls.
             | 
             | It's very weird how people talk about roads as a sort of
             | universal public good whose construction and maintenance
             | needs to be financed by local authorities and taxation. Yet
             | rail is expected to not just stand on its own two feet but
             | to yield a profit. Both facilitate commerce and improve a
             | regions productivity (rail inarguably does so with greater
             | efficiency, especially when integrated into a public
             | transport system) - why is rail treated so differently?
        
               | nerdbert wrote:
               | > why is rail treated so differently?
               | 
               | Because there's a huge ecosystem that is substantially
               | dependent on private use of roadways - car manufacturers,
               | sellers, insurers, storage facilities, cleaners, and
               | repairers; petrol extractors, refiners, transporters and
               | sellers; and so on.
               | 
               | Each of these parties has a vested interest in
               | maintaining the perception that driving is the baseline
               | mode of transport and anything else is a deviation from
               | that which requires extra consideration before it should
               | receive any resources.
               | 
               | On the one hand that's also a lot of jobs and profits,
               | but on the other hand if all this activity is in service
               | of a mode of transport that causes considerable short and
               | long-term damage, and is less efficient for many
               | journeys, then it means we're wasting labor and resources
               | that could be put to better use.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | There's also a large percentage of the country that
               | simply wouldn't benefit from rail in their day to day
               | lives, because most of the country doesn't have the
               | population density to make rail make sense. It would at
               | best be an alternative to flying, assuming it didn't take
               | longer.
               | 
               | These are the same people for whom owning a car is an
               | essential part of life.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | And all those people are going to look at proposals for
               | rail spending and say "what's in this for me?" This will
               | produce strong headwinds to any rail expansion proposal.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > why is rail treated so differently?
               | 
               | roads are much cheaper per mile than rail, so you can
               | have more roads than you can have rail.
               | 
               | you can also have lower grade roads, which is once again,
               | cheaper (so you can have more of it). You cannot have
               | lower-grade rail - the train will crash.
               | 
               | Therefore, to provide a massive network of transport,
               | roads are the only option. Rail provide cheap point-to-
               | point transport, but only make sense between heavily
               | populated centers, and therefore, you can expect to make
               | back the cost of the rail from this dense usage.
        
               | The_Colonel wrote:
               | This looks like a strawman. Nobody advocates for
               | replacing roads with rail, it's about complementing.
               | 
               | > Rail provide cheap point-to-point transport, but only
               | make sense between heavily populated centers
               | 
               | Yes, so the idea is to build rail for those use cases
               | (which is somewhat the case in Europe, but not in US).
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | In the US, we see many places where rail has been
               | abandoned. In the place I live (upstate NY, Finger Lakes)
               | there are multiple walking trails that were previously
               | locations of rail lines, which shut down more than half a
               | century ago. The rails themselves are long gone. In some
               | places you can see where earth was moved and concrete
               | structures were installed to allow drainage. Maintaining
               | these lines made no sense with the existence of a road
               | network carrying motor vehicles. There are also abandoned
               | canals from an even earlier time.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | You have invented this.
               | 
               | Rail can absolutely be made to different standards. High
               | speed rail vs a tramway, and everything in between.
               | 
               | Exactly as with roads, the more you pay the faster the
               | vehicles can go. Except with close to zero accidents.
        
               | xienze wrote:
               | > It's very weird how people talk about roads as a sort
               | of universal public good whose construction and
               | maintenance needs to be financed by local authorities and
               | taxation.
               | 
               | Because you need roads to e.g., get produce from a farm
               | to the grocery store. You can't have a functioning
               | society that doesn't involve roadways for moving people
               | and goods the "last mile."
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | It's not different. The same word applies to both.
        
             | drawkward wrote:
             | Ths US military is not sustainable on its own...
             | 
             | Or maybe, governments have programs that are funded by all
             | to benefit all, because they are onlt beneficial when they
             | are society-scale? 1/350,000,000th of the US army won't be
             | very useful to any individual American on its own.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Yes, that is the argument for subsidies. What's your
               | point?
        
               | drawkward wrote:
               | There seems to be, implict in the term "subsidy," the
               | notion that it is government largesse. My notion is to
               | rebut that pointing out we do not expect a positive ROI
               | on most government expenditures.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | What's the subsidy to road and oil companies right now? Might
         | be nice to just shift it over.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | > requires an annual subsidy of around EUR3bn
         | 
         | I suspect the key is to find ways to run railways cheaper. It
         | has been a long time since railways were under severe cost
         | competition encouraging people to look for efficiencies.
         | 
         | I think the main one would be to find a way for railways to
         | operate with no staff. Just like a typical road operates most
         | of the time with no staff.
         | 
         | That means you need to redesign everything that currently uses
         | people to not need people. Sure - there would still be
         | occasional maintenance - but nobody always on duty driving
         | trains (automated), nobody selling tickets (online), nobody
         | cleaning stuff (automated cleaning of trains inside and out)
         | etc.
        
           | luckylion wrote:
           | I doubt that moves the needle a lot unless you're making
           | _everything_ fully automatic, i.e. including the
           | infrastructure creation & maintenance and streamline that
           | extremely well.
           | 
           | If you take a ride from Hamburg to Berlin with the ICE,
           | there's maybe 8 staff on board, 200-300 passengers, it takes
           | ~2 hours and the average ticket price is 77EUR according to
           | some travel app.
           | 
           | Even if you get rid of all 8 of them, the price per ticket
           | isn't going to be lowered significantly.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | But there is also the ~80 staff manning stations at each
             | end and along the route, and more staff in the control
             | room, the cleaning staff, the people who manually do
             | maintenance checks every single night, etc.
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | You can get rid of the cleaning staff right now. The
               | terminals will become disgusting and people will stop
               | using them. There is no way around this type of overhead.
               | If you have larger numbers of people passing through, you
               | need cleaning and maintenance.
               | 
               | Your original point isn't even true - in California there
               | is constant maintenance of the road network and crews of
               | community service workers doing their sentence cleaning
               | trash on the highway shoulder.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Roads still have far fewer staff per mile than railways,
               | however you measure.
               | 
               | In turn, that makes them cheaper.
        
               | froddd wrote:
               | Is there a source for this? Is this source heavily
               | context-dependant?
        
               | _visgean wrote:
               | Lol, that depends heavily what you consider staff. E.g.
               | look at freight, if you move cargo by trucks you need 1
               | staff member (sometimes called drivers) per truck. Train
               | on the other hand needs only 2 people per hundreds of
               | meters of train...
               | 
               | Even worse for individual car transport. You need one
               | staff (driver) per vehicle...
        
             | Paradigma11 wrote:
             | Why would there be 8 staff on board? Isn't there typically
             | one train driver and one attendant?
        
               | luckylion wrote:
               | I don't know. They have the restaurant car on some trains
               | so that's another 2-3 people, and I really have no idea
               | about their operation so I added some buffer. I wouldn't
               | expect there to be more than 8 on a train unless it's
               | some special event.
        
               | macbr wrote:
               | For some high speed routes there's a limit on how many
               | carriages one attendant can supervise (maybe to ensure
               | timely evacuation?) so a 12 carriage ICE train needs 3
               | attendants to fully operate.
        
             | MandieD wrote:
             | The staff on board also contribute to keeping the train
             | safe and pleasant - if there's an unruly passenger, or a
             | washroom malfunctions, I'm happy to have paid a bit extra
             | for my ticket for a couple of people to be on hand to deal
             | with the problem instead of being trapped for two hours.
        
           | enaaem wrote:
           | In Japan, rail companies also own the land around the
           | station. There is often a mall or office right on top of the
           | station. So they capture a more of the value of having public
           | transport.
           | 
           | In western countries land lords benefit a lot from nearby
           | public transport for free and maybe only contribute in taxes.
        
             | PlunderBunny wrote:
             | You see the same thing in Hong Kong - the rail company
             | practically creates new towns when they add a new station
             | or extend a rail line.
        
               | Discordian93 wrote:
               | I was under the impression Hong Kong was one big urban
               | area already, is there really empty land new towns can be
               | built on?
        
               | verall wrote:
               | Most of the new territories is not highly developed.
               | Kowloon and hk island are both entirely urban.
        
               | mkl wrote:
               | Yes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong#Geography,
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_of_Hong_Kong.
        
               | FabHK wrote:
               | You can be smack in the middle of Central, and then walk
               | up a path behind the Cathedral of the Immaculate
               | Conception and be on Old Peak Road hiking up to Victoria
               | Peak. Or be in Wan Chai, take the stairs next to the
               | Rolls Royce car dealer, and be on Bowen Road Fitness
               | Trail and in Aberdeen Park within minutes.
               | 
               | HK island, New Territories, the outer islands and even
               | large parts of Kowloon are predominantly green, parks and
               | forests.
               | 
               | As GP mentioned, occasionally the subway operator MTR
               | will build a new station, build a shopping mall on top,
               | and housing for 50,000 people.
        
             | extraduder_ire wrote:
             | Originally, rail worked kind of like this in the US too.
             | Alternating squares of land adjacent to tracks were ceded
             | to railroads, so you'd have sections of public land and
             | private land beside each other.
             | 
             | I learned about this when someone was trying to make a test
             | case of "corner crossing" from one patch of public land to
             | another a while back.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | A Georgist Land Value Tax would fix this!
        
           | okanat wrote:
           | When installed and kept up properly with good policymaking
           | railways are always a positive for the economy. They cause a
           | huge amount of cheap movement that increases business
           | activity. Little towns that become railway stops develop much
           | faster. The bigger stations are great for shops and food. The
           | access to education and high-value driving extracurricular
           | activities increase for younger people too. They overall make
           | the economy resilient against all sorts of crisis (energy,
           | markets)
           | 
           | The more railways are used for commuting, the less people are
           | on the road. So it increases the road efficiency too and
           | reduces degradation. Railways are great drivers of innovation
           | and the technology they generate can be backported to cars,
           | they are initial investment drivers.
           | 
           | However, the first if/when is a big one. You can half ass
           | roads. You pay compensation for a pothole every now and then
           | and make small improvement to get votes. You cannot half ass
           | railways. They require constant maintenance and a whole
           | mindset built around them.
           | 
           | Japan does railways correctly. China is getting there. The
           | Netherlands is nearly a paradise of bike and railways.
           | Germany isn't. The countries with almost the same culture,
           | Austria and Switzerland, care much more about their railways
           | and invest them properly however their government aligns.
           | Germans keep electing the right wing party with their
           | ministers of ~BMW~ transport and then complain about 50% of
           | the non-cancelled trains are late and the maintenance cost of
           | the falling apart rail system is quadrupled.
        
             | intellix wrote:
             | As someone who's been to both China and Japan I'd say
             | railway is far ahead in China than the rest of the world.
             | 
             | Again, according to GPT, the price per kilometre between
             | them is EUR0.03-0.06 in China vs EUR0.15-0.26 in Japan.
             | 
             | I know Japan has a lot of high speed rail coverage but so
             | does China and the difference in price is absolutely
             | insane.
             | 
             | Rail between Beijing and Shanghai for example has an
             | average speed of 300kmh. I believe their high speed network
             | is vaster than Japan's.
        
               | zdw wrote:
               | Most of these numbers are probably due to differences in
               | wages and the size of the respective countries.
        
               | smrq wrote:
               | If they aren't completely fabricated.
        
           | ClumsyPilot wrote:
           | > That means you need to redesign everything that currently
           | uses people to not need people
           | 
           | Simplest redesign is running longer trains - they still need
           | just 1 driver.
           | 
           | Britain's trains are sometimes comically small (3 carriages)
           | and overcrowded. French trains are 2-3x longer, Russia/China
           | even more so.
           | 
           | Second is standardisation - all of Uks train companies run
           | different stock and it's ovsoleye
        
             | SoftTalker wrote:
             | At some point the train is longer than the station
             | platform. Then you need to extend the platform, or
             | passengers have to know that they need to be in specific
             | cars to be able to exit.
        
             | Arn_Thor wrote:
             | When you rent each carriage from a rolling stock company
             | you're incentivized to run as short trains as possible to
             | keep them as full as a sardine can. Renationalize the whole
             | lot.
        
             | theluketaylor wrote:
             | Longer isn't always better for trains. Longer trains need
             | bigger platforms and stations are often the most expensive
             | parts of the network. Big trains also weigh more, so they
             | accelerate slower and have longer trip times.
             | 
             | Weight savings can also translate into cheaper bridges and
             | viaducts, though that's only true for dedicated track. If
             | you're sharing with freight they are always going to be far
             | heavier.
             | 
             | Much better is upgrading signalling, automating the train,
             | and running far more service because frequency is king for
             | public transit. Many short trains at high headways vs less
             | frequent long trains has the same total capacity but the
             | short, frequent trains provide far more value. When people
             | don't have to think about the schedule and can just show up
             | and ride public transit is great.
             | 
             | There are also limits to the value of standardizing rolling
             | stock. You don't want every train set to be bespoke, but
             | there is also danger in every train being exactly the same.
             | If there is a parts shortage or identified design flaw your
             | whole fleet can be grounded all at once. If you have some
             | diversity you can limp along if one design has to be
             | sidelined.
        
           | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
           | Yeah, it seems that "self-driving trains" are a much, much
           | more tractable problem than self-driving cars. On the other
           | hand, the cost of the driver is amortized over many
           | passengers, and much of the labor isn't driving but rather
           | serving as conductor, etc, so it may not even matter too
           | much.
           | 
           | > automated cleaning of trains inside and out)
           | 
           | For the outside, you can imagine a carwash.
           | 
           | For the inside, my brain goes to scary dystopian places.
           | Like, "what if we make the inside out of chemically-inert
           | glass-based materials, and clean it by immersion in pirhana
           | solution?" One would just need to recycle the solution, and
           | recharge it with hydrogen peroxide. This would rule out the
           | use of plastics in the interior, however.
           | 
           | Maybe something more like a dishwasher could also work, but
           | I'm not sure it'd be Strong Enough for Tough Stains. It could
           | even just make a mess. I've heard stories of Roombas that
           | encounter dog poop; they say it goes badly...
        
           | thrance wrote:
           | Opening the railways to competition has utterly ruined the
           | UK's rail network. Ticket price has skyrocketed while service
           | quality has fallen.
           | 
           | In the 30s, French rail companies begged and lobbied the
           | government to nationalize them, so they could exit the burden
           | that was maintaining a rail network.
           | 
           | Rail just isn't profitable, but is vital to society, and will
           | become even more so as gas becomes increasingly
           | expensive/lacking. Some things should just never be opened to
           | competition.
        
             | intellix wrote:
             | According to GPT, the price per kilometre for rail travel
             | is between EUR0.23-0.46 in the UK and EUR0.13-0.20 in
             | Germany. I'm not able to verify those numbers but from my
             | own personal experience I wouldn't doubt it.
             | 
             | Rail in the UK is just so bad that I stopped using it to go
             | to the airport. Everything is constantly delayed or
             | cancelled like I can plan a journey to arrive 2hrs before
             | my flight and the train will randomly pause for 1hr when
             | I'm half way... also the luggage situation is extremely
             | stressful as the racks are out of sight and generally full,
             | like where else am I meant to put my large suitcase after
             | that?
             | 
             | It seems like trains are much larger in Europe with a lot
             | of double deckers.
             | 
             | If there's two of us it's easier and sometimes cheaper to
             | pay PS100 for a taxi to the airport door to door (we're
             | fairly rural)
        
             | dingaling wrote:
             | There is very little true competition on UK railways. Most
             | services are run on Government-granted franchises which
             | give a monopoly or at best a duopoly on specific routes.
             | 
             | There are a handful of open-access train operators who
             | operate outside the franchises, but they can't just decide
             | to compete on a route if that route is already covered by a
             | franchise.
             | 
             | To create true competition, the infrastructure and stations
             | would need to be taken into public ownership and the train
             | operators would run whatever services they see fit.
        
               | iggldiggl wrote:
               | > To create true competition, the infrastructure and
               | stations would need to be taken into public ownership and
               | the train operators would run whatever services they see
               | fit.
               | 
               | The problem with that is that on a mixed-traffic railway
               | it's very easy to run out of capacity once you have a
               | mixture of trains with differing stopping patterns (and
               | perhaps some freight on top) running along the same line.
               | Once you reach that point, competition stops being
               | directly about passengers and starts being about train
               | paths, which can have rather annoying side effects for
               | passengers.
               | 
               | Plus connections don't really work well with competition,
               | either, because a) that'd require coordination between
               | possibly differing operators, which is anathema to
               | unfettered competition, and b) where a regional feeder
               | route might only run hourly or half-hourly, it's
               | impossible to have good connections with more than one or
               | at most two sets of connecting trains anyway.
               | 
               | (Also c) through-ticketing with sufficient passenger
               | rights in case you miss a connection enroute - at least
               | the UK kept a national ticketing system even throughout
               | privatisation and including all open-access operators,
               | whereas in Germany it's an incompatible free-for-all,
               | despite a legal obligation for railway companies to
               | ostensibly offer through-tickets.)
        
           | Arn_Thor wrote:
           | That is so the wrong approach. If I'm very reductive, I could
           | say that if we automate everything there would be no one to
           | commute left. Staffing is good for people: for safety,
           | information, help for the vulnerable, expertise, robustness
           | of the system, etc.
           | 
           | Perhaps some public services can't turn a profit but are
           | still necessary. Perhaps they can turn a profit if even more
           | people use them. Perhaps other economic models are needed for
           | these companies, see for example Singapore and Hong Kong
           | where the rail company owns the land at stations and are
           | allowed to develop there which funds the network and
           | incentivizes buildout.
        
         | ericd wrote:
         | The only carbon capture/sequestration method I'm aware of
         | without significant tradeoffs outside of price is direct air
         | capture, and last I saw, that clocked in at $600-1200/ton
         | (Climeworks). So maybe not such a terrible deal?
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | Wetlands do a better job of carbon sequestration than trees.
           | 
           | Globally, we've lost 85 percent of our wetlands since the
           | 1700s.
           | 
           | Maybe we should restore them.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | The startups in this space were targeting $100/ton before the
           | recent inflation hit.
           | 
           | It turns out if you divide the $/ton by 100, you get $/gallon
           | of gas equivalent.
           | 
           | Burning a gallon of gas emits 20 lbs of CO2 (most of the
           | weight is in the oxygen), and a ton is 2000 lbs.
           | 
           | Anyway, at $6-12 dollars per gallon of gasoline, direct air
           | capture is clearly much worse than just not burning oil. At
           | $1-2, it's less than the current gasoline taxes in the US.
        
         | asmor wrote:
         | The system simply doesn't have more capacity right now.
         | 
         | Germany neglected or even removed their rail infrastructure,
         | especially for the past 25 or so years, after privatization.
         | These "subsidies" are a course correction.
         | 
         | These investments also make it a real pain to use the system
         | right now, because a lot of lines are closing months at a time
         | and the alternatives are already overloaded. I'd rather have a
         | car for the next 5-10 years too - and I live very central with
         | many connections.
         | 
         | Here's a map of disruptions for reference:
         | https://www.zuginfo.nrw/map.html#!P|HimSearch!histId|1!histK...
        
           | tourmalinetaco wrote:
           | Me and my wife are certainly considering getting a car. Cars
           | are a pain in cities, but it would save literally hundreds of
           | hours over the course of even a single year due to just how
           | poor the infra is.
        
           | Arn_Thor wrote:
           | Everybody say it with me: "privatization of natural
           | monopolies is dumb and wasteful!"
        
           | jamil7 wrote:
           | For people less familiar. Germany privatised its national
           | rail company in the 90s but the federal government is the
           | only shareholder. It's a weird model that doesn't make much
           | sense. DB is a monopoly so the rules of competition don't
           | apply (and don't work with railways anyway) it's led to
           | perverse cost cutting incentives and fat bonus programs for C
           | level employees. Combine that with a conservative
           | government's austerity politics since the GFC and the whole
           | system is at breaking point at the moment. Reforms and work
           | is happening but the amount of work is staggering and means
           | frequent line closures. DB estimates its trains to be running
           | reliably in 2070.
        
             | Pamar wrote:
             | Expat in Germany since 2014. (Also, I do not own a car).
             | 
             | I can confirm that Dbahn service was not so great from the
             | start, and became noticeably worse after COVID.
             | 
             | I live in Rostock. 2 weeks ago I landed in Hamburg at
             | 2:30pm and tried to return home by train. Distance is 185
             | km, and I arrived home at 10:00pm
             | 
             | Reasons: works on the line that forced us to go to Lubeck
             | first, then take two more regional trains to reach Rostock.
             | On top of that, one train from Lubeck to the next stop was
             | so full that a hundred passenger could not get in (me
             | included).
             | 
             | The next train was canceled.
             | 
             | Finally we got a (packed) train at around 8pm.
             | 
             | All "fine" except that this is the third time in the last
             | 12 months that the same line undergoes maintenance forcing
             | you to move to Lubeck first and adding 1 hour to your trip.
             | 
             | Rostock-Berlin: similar story. For three times in the last
             | year there were some problems between Oranienburg and
             | Berlin, forcing you to either travel around it with a 1
             | hour detour or to disembark in Oraniemburg and move to
             | S-Bahn (sort like BART).
             | 
             | In other words: railways are overstressed and failing
             | repeatedly causing massive delays; Oraniemburg is 40km from
             | Berlin Central Station. I find it unconceivable that you
             | have to repair the same short segment thrice in 12 months.
        
             | greyw wrote:
             | So it is still a state enterprise in all but in name.
             | 
             | The swiss federal railyway has the exact same model (a
             | company fully owned by the federal government) and it works
             | very well.
             | 
             | Blaming the ownership model for the DB's woes is just wrong
             | in my opinion. German railways have been chronically
             | underfunded, overburdening the company with below cost
             | ticket and the company has some perverse incentives with
             | respect to rail maintenance and other things.
        
         | barrkel wrote:
         | Cars also have a huge subsidy in the form of roads
        
           | Ferret7446 wrote:
           | There are generally taxes (e.g., car or gas taxes) that cover
           | the costs. I don't know about Germany's situation, but it is
           | not impossible to make that net zero.
        
             | eigenspace wrote:
             | Not even close to net zero in Germany. Do you have any
             | examples of countries where car and gas taxes do actually
             | cover the cost of roads?
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | In Australia, petrol tax raises ~18bn.
             | 
             | Cost of road infrastructure is ~36bn.
        
               | ben-schaaf wrote:
               | And these comparisons often exclude externalities like
               | carbon emissions, pollution from tires and brakes, road
               | accident costs, noise pollution and the cost of suburban
               | sprawl.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | If you would even attempt it to make it net zero you would
             | get truly ungodly amounts of pushback, I don't think you
             | understand how bad it would be. Truly, for those used to a
             | privilege, fairness is an attack.
             | 
             | Furthermore: you have a state of affairs where you are
             | pretty much forced to own and drive a car to e.g. get to
             | work or move around. You make it reflect its true cost
             | making it impossible to afford for anyone except the rich.
             | What now?
        
           | addandsubtract wrote:
           | A more fitting complaint about cats would be the
           | Pendlerpauschale, which is paid out to people driving to and
           | from work in their car. It's a much larger sum than the EUR3b
           | spent on the train ticket subsidy.
        
             | okr wrote:
             | I think it is an invalid argument. Please inform yourself
             | about the reasoning before you post half truths.
        
             | iggldiggl wrote:
             | It used to be different, but these days that one is paid to
             | everybody who commutes, no matter by which mode. And people
             | who commute by public transport are actually slightly
             | privileged, in that they can claim their actual ticket
             | costs if that works out more advantageous, whereas
             | everybody else is limited to the basic km-dependent
             | allowance, even if their car commutes maybe actually costs
             | more.
             | 
             | And while there are arguments to be had about negative
             | incentives posed by it with regards to incentivising people
             | to commute farther than necessary, the original basic
             | principle is quite simple: Just as companies are mostly
             | only taxed on their profits, so workers ought to pay their
             | income tax only on the money made _after_ deducting any
             | work-related expenses.
             | 
             | And Germany hasn't solved the cost-of-housing problem,
             | either, so a certain degree of commuting is unavoidable. In
             | fact, recently the housing minister basically declared her
             | defeat by announcing that her latest plan for dealing with
             | that problem wasn't building more where people want to live
             | and can make a living, it was subsidising people to move
             | back to the countryside.
        
         | heraldgeezer wrote:
         | Yes, lets subsidize the aviation and car industry more
         | instead!!
         | 
         | Face it, trains is the better option here.
         | 
         | Bike and walk is best of course but troublesome long distance.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Well it's not just a carbon credit, it also provides subsidized
         | public transport to everyone, reduces congestion, improves city
         | air and likely cuts road deaths. Arguably tax dollars extremely
         | well spent.
        
           | tourmalinetaco wrote:
           | Except that due to this cheaper ticket congestion on trains
           | is horrible and since the infrastructure is poorly maintained
           | it's quite common to be late by 1-2 hours while being packed
           | in a sardine tin.
        
             | wkat4242 wrote:
             | That's a matter of train infrastructure and frequency
             | keeping up with demand. There's a big lag there. You don't
             | just buy 100 new trains overnight. It's a symptom of
             | ramping up. Not of high usage.
             | 
             | I live in Barcelona and here the metro comes every 2-3
             | minutes. Even during the night it might be 7 minutes. This
             | helps so much with congestion but also trip planning: no
             | need to check train times before you go. Id imagine busy
             | routes in Germany could do similar.
             | 
             | The big benefit of this is also not needing a car. Not
             | having to worry about maintenance, write-off, finding
             | parking and the cost thereof, summer and winter tyres,
             | damage, no-claim bonus, travelling while having drunk,
             | going back from a different place than you arrived. It's so
             | incredibly more convenient than having a car. All at a flat
             | rate of 21EUR here.I hope never having to need one again.
        
               | intellix wrote:
               | EUR21.35 for a T-Usual card which allows unlimited travel
               | on all public transport for 30 days, yet you still have
               | people in here kicking and screaming to use their car and
               | roads
        
               | wkat4242 wrote:
               | Yeah this is true but it's a minority. And some people
               | come from outside the city where it's more
               | understandable.
               | 
               | I think Ada Colau did really great pedestrianising
               | streets like Consell de Cent, unfortunately Collboni
               | doesn't seem to care as much.
        
             | okr wrote:
             | Thats the end goal of the leftist dreamworld. Make everyone
             | equal, so that everything becomes more shittier. We need to
             | educate more!
        
         | oxfordmale wrote:
         | This analysis is too simple. Roads need to be maintained, road
         | accidents are a burden on the national health service and air
         | pollution has a long term negative impact on people's health
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Why do you need to price them?
         | 
         | Also, there are countries out there where the average tax payer
         | subsidizes car drivers a lot too.
        
         | risyachka wrote:
         | Who said rail industry should be profitable in the first place?
         | 
         | I would fully support if part of my taxes would subsidize rail
         | industry and I get cheaper prices. Imo good use of tax dollars.
        
         | dyauspitr wrote:
         | Maybe but it's also subsidizing travel for people, possibly
         | increasing revenue for tourist spots and restaurants, it could
         | keep people from buying a new ICE vehicle etc. It seems like
         | one of those things that has a lot of benefits outside the
         | immediate situation.
        
         | postpawl wrote:
         | Focusing on the cost-per-tonne for carbon reduction misses the
         | broader value of railways. They're not just about reducing
         | emission! They facilitate daily commutes, expand job
         | opportunities, and help drive the economy. It's a subsidy for
         | businesses too.
        
           | dreadlordbone wrote:
           | Doesn't having a car do this too?
        
             | lotsofpulp wrote:
             | Cars destroy walkability, cyclability, ability for kids to
             | freely play outside, enable sprawl (hence more energy
             | consumption hence more carbon emissions).
             | 
             | There's no free lunch with using more surface area, which
             | cars greatly expand people's ability to consume.
        
               | dreadlordbone wrote:
               | That's a goalpost moved from my response.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | The poster you responded to wrote:
               | 
               | > They're not just about reducing emission!
               | 
               | Cars increasing emissions seems to be a relevant
               | disqualifier.
        
               | nsokolsky wrote:
               | True to a degree but cars also make parenting easier: you
               | get bigger houses, bigger backyards, don't have lug your
               | kids around on public transit, deal with the weather,
               | don't need to worry about rail worker strikes, etc.
               | 
               | All America's missing is laws that allow kids to walk to
               | school and adding more sidewalks to enable this, but this
               | is changing over time (see Utah's free range parenting
               | law).
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Do bigger houses make parenting easier, do bigger
               | backyards? I'm inclined towards a large communual yard (a
               | park, if you will) being many times more efficient at
               | keeping them busy, especially if you have a single child.
               | 
               | Lugging your children around on public transit builds
               | character that chauffeuring them around in a car does
               | not. They'll be exposed to a variety of people and
               | situations they'd otherwise never experience.
               | 
               | Similar thing for the weather. I don't want my children
               | to grow up thinking that any kind of weather limits their
               | options if a car is not available.
               | 
               | I realize my opinions might be different if I were living
               | in a US city, just wanted to give a different
               | perspective.
        
               | xyzzy123 wrote:
               | The other great thing about public transport is you don't
               | have to "lug" / "chauffer" them at all after about 8 or
               | so (what age makes sense depends on area and the kid of
               | course). They can exercise some independence.
        
               | Detrytus wrote:
               | Maybe that's true in small, peaceful countries like
               | Denmark, but in the US children "excersising some
               | independence" would likely be kidnapped, raped or killed.
        
               | xyzzy123 wrote:
               | Are you sure that's true? How do you know?
               | 
               | How much does it depend on where in the US you are?
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | This has never been significantly true, and becomes less
               | true every year.
               | 
               | The probability that any given child will be kidnapped or
               | otherwise threatened by a stranger is minuscule compared
               | to the chance that they will be abused, kidnapped, or
               | killed by a family member.
        
               | amanaplanacanal wrote:
               | People don't like to think about this harsh reality.
               | Stranger danger is much easier for them to accept.
        
               | itronitron wrote:
               | It's a low probability, high impact event in a country
               | with limited public access to affordable health care and
               | very limited access to therapists.
        
               | maigret wrote:
               | By that thinking, looking at the data, you should prevent
               | kids from seeing their family... Understand the nonsense?
               | But nonsense gets often commonsensical when everyone in
               | your circle believes it. Going outside has more benefits
               | than risks. Like biking, yes you are at risk of accident,
               | but in the average you'll be fitter and live longer.
        
               | itronitron wrote:
               | >> in the average you'll be fitter and live longer
               | 
               | That's sort of the point about low probability events
               | though, it doesn't affect the average but it has a
               | significant impact on the individual.
        
               | thatfrenchguy wrote:
               | The US has much better access to mental health care than
               | any European country. Not to mention everyone who lives
               | in a walkable city there lives in a state where
               | healthcare access is good.
        
               | itronitron wrote:
               | That is simply not true.
        
               | nsokolsky wrote:
               | > Lugging your children around on public transit builds
               | character that chauffeuring them around in a car does not
               | 
               | I'm talking about ages 0 to 3 when parents need to use a
               | stroller. It's a huge pain to do this in public transit.
               | It's easier when the kids are older but if you have more
               | than one child the car still wins.
        
               | ido wrote:
               | Both my kids were born in Berlin (now 6 & 8 years old)
               | and we never owned a car. In some ways transit is even
               | easier with a stroller as you can just roll into the
               | subway/train instead of having the disassemble the
               | stroller and put it into the trunk. Buses require a bit
               | more effort to board with a stroller but newer busses
               | allow the driver to lower them near the curb to make
               | boarding with stroller easier. We've done that for the
               | entire time our kids used strollers.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | >All America's missing is laws that allow kids to walk to
               | school and adding more sidewalks to enable this, but this
               | is changing over time (see Utah's free range parenting
               | law).
               | 
               | Laws and sidewalk curbs don't stop a giant SUV/pickup
               | truck driven by someone looking at their mobile at 40mph
               | in a residential area.
               | 
               | And crossing a 50ft+ wide intersection of a 40mph road
               | (which means people drive 50mph) is daunting even for
               | adults, and simply not advisable after the sun goes down.
               | Those arterial roads basically box in your kids' roaming
               | area.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | A law could ban those SUVs.
               | 
               | It's currently being discussed in Europe, since the
               | "independent import" route to import a special vehicle
               | has started to be exploited to import unsafe American
               | vehicles. (The Cybertruck is one example.)
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > And crossing a 50ft+ wide intersection of a 40mph road
               | (which means people drive 50mph) is daunting even for
               | adults, and simply not advisable after the sun goes down.
               | 
               | At least here (California) those intersections have
               | stoplights and pedestrian crossings, so the width and
               | moving speed of the road are not relevant. The cars will
               | be stopped when you cross by walking.
               | 
               | I don't remember exact age but certainly before
               | kindergarden age my child (and all the neighborhood
               | friends in that age range) knew how to operate the
               | pedestrian walk buttons and cross safely.
               | 
               | I fully agree it can be nicer walk when you don't have to
               | cross a larger road. But at the same time, the difficulty
               | of doing it is often greatly overstated. Press button,
               | wait a bit, cross. Done. This is not in the top-100
               | things I'd like to see improved in society.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > The cars will be stopped when you cross by walking.
               | 
               | You live in a place with some combination of far more
               | traffic enforcement or far more conscientious drivers
               | than me.
               | 
               | All I see when I look around is a sea of people glancing
               | up and down between the road and their phone. It would be
               | negligent to let my kids cross an arterial road,
               | especially after dark.
        
               | komali2 wrote:
               | As someone who grew up in suburban sprawl, maybe it makes
               | parenting easier, maybe. But they also had to drive me to
               | and from school every day, and band practice, and every
               | single game, and whenever I wanted to hang out with my
               | friends. I would argue my parents basically were
               | moonlighting as my Uber driver for about 16 years until I
               | got my own car.
               | 
               | Big yards are great, but empty. Mom, can you drive me to
               | my friend's bigger backyard? That times the 5 other
               | friends that want to go to the friend's house that has
               | the biggest backyard. Comically the 5 cars all waiting at
               | the same stop light before the final turn, taking up the
               | entire residential street as we all get dropped off and
               | later picked up.
               | 
               | Eh, going to my friend's house is tedious. I'll just
               | fully immerse myself in world of Warcraft, get fat, get
               | socially maladjusted by spending all my time on the
               | internet and 4chan, and enter college as a practically
               | sociopathic asshole with no social skills.
               | 
               | Could just be me. But if I have kids, I'm raising them
               | somewhere where they can just get on a train to get to
               | band practice.
        
               | maigret wrote:
               | Funny, I was basically mobile with bike from age 10 or
               | so. Had some friends I needed the parents for until I got
               | a small motorcycle aged 14.
               | 
               | So living outside a city is not an issue, although I
               | often wished we'd be nearer to a city.
               | 
               | But society has changed a lot since and everyone is
               | scared of the beautiful outside world.
        
               | komali2 wrote:
               | This was the life of my farmland friends in Wisconsin. In
               | Houston if I had ridden my bicycle the mere 2 miles to my
               | friend's house (half mile to leave my neighborhood, half
               | mile to enter his, one mile or so on actual roads), I
               | would almost certainly have one day been killed by a car
               | or truck that failed to expect a kid on a bike.
               | 
               | We didn't have sidewalks. That area is still missing
               | sidewalks actually.
               | 
               | In some ways our beautiful outside world is safer than it
               | was 60 years ago, in others perhaps it's more dangerous.
        
               | pikelet wrote:
               | And yet I frequently see (in New Zealand), properties
               | with oversized double garages (often built to fit
               | oversized American vehicles) and driveways that take up
               | half the land on the property. Cars use a huge amount of
               | space in roads, carparks, garages, and are responsible
               | for pushing things further and further away from the
               | home. And then somehow cars are seen as the solution for
               | the very problems they create. There's plenty of real
               | world evidence that there are better ways to solve this.
               | 
               | I don't think cars are responsible for bigger backyards
               | at all. The size of the average property where I live
               | only seems to be shrinking as the roads get more and more
               | congested.
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | Here's easier parenting: walk from your house/apartment
               | to a close by square, and play with your kids there
        
             | eertami wrote:
             | Anecdotally, I frequently take day (or weekend) trips to
             | other European cities by rail. It is usually quicker than
             | the roads but also crucially you can be productive on the
             | train. If I had to drive my car there then I probably
             | wouldn't bother.
        
               | netsharc wrote:
               | This reminds me of this Swedish office on a train
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3HbrI3refig , made for a
               | company which had an hour train commute from Stockholm.
               | It's even got 8 telephone line (4 in and 4 out)!
               | 
               | I guess a lot of people would use work booths/conference
               | rooms on trains, but the price/profit has to work for
               | both sides (the train company and users). As for trains,
               | the old-fashioned 6 seater compartments offer more
               | privacy for groups.
        
               | intellix wrote:
               | you could also work from a car if someone else is driving
               | it like a taxi, but imagine the price difference to
               | travel such a long distance every day over rail versus
               | metro + rail.
               | 
               | Another point I haven't seen mentioned much is safety.
               | Rail is vastly safer than cars and results in less strain
               | on the medical system.
        
               | beAbU wrote:
               | I like your taxi idea. I hate driving myself.
               | 
               | We could bring down the cost of the taxi by putting more
               | people in the car, to share the cost of the driver.
               | That'll bring the costs down significantly.
               | 
               | If the car is sufficiently large, we can get, say, 50
               | people in a car with a single driver. That should make
               | the extra cost of the driver split between the 50
               | lassengers significantly cheaper.
               | 
               | We could go further and link multiple cars together, with
               | a single driver up front. They will be driving on one
               | another's slipstream vastly improving fuel efficiency
               | which will bring down costs even further.
               | 
               | Imagine if we can get them to run on some sort of rail or
               | metal track, which makes rolling resistance of the wheels
               | basically 0. No more expensive rubber tyres that need
               | replacing and yet again improved fuel efficiency. This
               | will bring down the costs even further!
        
               | ikawe wrote:
               | This is an aside, but I'd never seen that "Beyond 2000"
               | show before.
               | 
               | Retro future is a favorite topic of mine, so thanks for
               | sharing.
               | 
               | Yeeesh though, re: part 2 of that episode, it's wild to
               | watch people in 1988 articulate the looming threat of
               | global warming, and to hear them say on this 25 year old
               | program "we've known about this for 30 years"
        
               | dbspin wrote:
               | Yeah - as someone born in 1979, I find repetitions of the
               | idea that global warming / climate change only came into
               | public awareness 'in the last 15 to 20 years' on TV news
               | and in documentaries deeply troubling. Global warming was
               | constantly discussed on (British) television during my
               | childhood. At least as much as the hole in the ozone
               | layer and acid rain. Perhaps this wasn't the case in
               | America?
        
               | Vinnl wrote:
               | The funny thing is that people were calling for
               | protecting the future of the children - and now we've
               | just moved the goalposts to those children's children.
        
               | next_xibalba wrote:
               | Europe is not exactly the standard bearer for
               | productivity though, is it? If one wants to advance an
               | argument for emulating European style passenger rail,
               | this is _really_ not the right argument.
        
               | okr wrote:
               | Trains are just big cars, where you stuff in a lot of
               | people, to make it efficient. Because otherwise it is
               | not.
               | 
               | And you can only work in it, because no one wants to use
               | this monster on a daily basis, so its empty and you dont
               | fight for space. :)
        
             | dpe82 wrote:
             | Having a car also entails _massive_ subsidies; when taking
             | that into account the all-in costs per unit traveled are
             | basically always cheaper with rail.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Source?
        
             | postpawl wrote:
             | Trains scale better than cars in dense areas and offer more
             | than just emissions reductions. Good rail infrastructure is
             | a big part of makes a large city world-class and improves
             | everyday lives. Subsidizing trains is better than a lot of
             | other uses of government funds.
        
             | layer8 wrote:
             | A car is more expensive, and clogs the roads, which causes
             | other costs to the economy and penalizes commutes.
        
             | jacoblambda wrote:
             | No. This is something Texas is having to come to terms with
             | right now. Cars and roads only scale so much before you
             | physically can't move more people fast enough even with
             | more roads and more lanes. Rail scales way better.
             | 
             | So Texas is pushing a high speed rail line that will allow
             | people to commute 30-90min into a city from locations that
             | currently are 1.5-3 hours away. And at that allow those
             | people to commute to cities on either ends of the line
             | while still being a relatively accessible commute for
             | anyone in between the cities.
             | 
             | And of course as great as that is, the rail line will be
             | able to relatively trivially scale capacity by adding more
             | trains to the same line at a rate far above massively
             | expensive road expansion projects that cost comparable to
             | the entire planned rail line.
             | 
             | So if you want to grow past a certain density you do have
             | to start switching to rail and higher density does mean
             | more business opportunities and generally greater options
             | for prosperity for the populations in the area.
        
               | kyleee wrote:
               | Good comment except for the first word. Obviously cars
               | enable all sorts of movement and economic activity, so
               | why not just admit it? The rest of your comment is just
               | talking about how rail may do all those things to a
               | greater extent than cars. You don't need to deny benefits
               | of cars, it doesn't bolster your arguments. Better to
               | just be honest and then extol the virtues of rail and
               | other transportation methods.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Of course a car does, but does that mean you should
               | ignore all the benefits brought by bicycles? And if we go
               | that far, should we overlook our own muscular locomotion?
               | It all enables the same mobility after all.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Cycling at 110F ambient temperature can be outright
               | hazardous (speaking of Texas).
               | 
               | Cycling at 80F is okay as long as you have a shower at
               | the destination. (Most offices don't.)
               | 
               | Also, cycling in a city, when you cycle for 2-3, maybe 5
               | miles, is fine. Cycling for 20 miles is pretty taxing and
               | time-consuming, but in a low-density, car-oriented
               | environment 20 miles correctly qualifies as "nearby".
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | > _Cycling at 80F is okay as long as you have a shower at
               | the destination. (Most offices don 't.)_
               | 
               | 1. Shower at home.
               | 
               | 2. Have a change of clothes.
               | 
               | In the Before Times (pre-COVID) I cycled to work five
               | days a week and never showered there (even though
               | available). (And believe me: people I worked with would
               | have told me if it was a problem. )
               | 
               | Sweating does not make you stinky. Sweat is not stinky.
               | It is bacteria that causes the stinkiness. If your skin
               | is (relatively) clean, there would not be any (food for)
               | bacteria and you won't stink.
               | 
               | Also:
               | 
               | 3. How much you sweat depends on your exertion level:
               | take it easy and you don't sweat as much, at least in the
               | morning when it's cooler. (I'm in Toronto, where summer
               | afternoons are sometimes >30C, and I've cycled home in
               | 35C weather; high-ish humidity too.)
        
               | jacoblambda wrote:
               | I actually do stand by my assertion in this case. The
               | reason is because unfortunately, after a certain scale,
               | cars are actually actively harmful to growth.
               | 
               | That's why I brought up Texas in particular. Interstate
               | 45 as an example is effectively at saturation. Even if
               | you add new lanes to it, you only get marginal throughput
               | benefits when you actually try to get between Dallas and
               | Houston or commute to either city from the region between
               | them. The same goes for I-10 out of Houston.
               | 
               | Texas has reached the point where car ownership is
               | actually costing the state and local governments
               | astronomical amounts of money for marginal amounts of
               | congestion relief (that is then immediately saturated).
               | 
               | I don't deny that cars have a place in low density
               | regions and I think they are great for specific uses or
               | areas but generally I believe that cars hinder growth in
               | any metro environment in the long term. Doubly so because
               | car centric infrastructure is extremely hostile to anyone
               | who doesn't use a car which makes transition at that
               | density threshold extremely painful for everyone
               | involved.
        
               | nsokolsky wrote:
               | Is Texas "coming to terms" with it, though? Cars don't
               | scale infinitely but are also way more flexible than rail
               | lines could ever be. If your goal is to have everyone
               | work in downtown Dallas then yes, they suck. But you can
               | just build offices and manufacturing facilities all
               | around the state instead, avoiding the creation of single
               | bottlenecks.
        
               | nerdbert wrote:
               | Then you've instead created sprawl which has huge ongoing
               | costs in terms of resource and energy use, as well as
               | disconnecting people and communities.
        
               | nsokolsky wrote:
               | > has huge ongoing costs in terms of resource and energy
               | use
               | 
               | TxDOT (government organization responsible for road
               | maintenance) has a budget of $30B/year or about 10% of
               | the total state's budget. Not that big of a deal for
               | Texas.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Do they pay for the streets in low density suburbs or do
               | local towns and cities? Also, water infra, electrical
               | infra, etc.
        
               | nsokolsky wrote:
               | That figure includes every single government-owned
               | street, AFAIK. Total infrastructure costs are higher but
               | don't seem that much higher than in Germany?
        
               | verall wrote:
               | TxDOT does not maintain local or county roads which are a
               | massive portion of cost in sprawl.
        
               | jaccarmac wrote:
               | To add specifics: Dallas does not cover road maintenance
               | with its budget and must sell bonds to cover the $10b in
               | "deferred maintenance".
               | 
               | https://www.dmagazine.com/frontburner/2024/04/a-voters-
               | guide...
        
               | diordiderot wrote:
               | The term is called 'growth ponzi scheme'. Regions wax and
               | wane in economic importance, less so when they're dense
               | and urban.
        
               | cromka wrote:
               | > Cars and roads only scale so much before you physically
               | can't move more people fast enough even with more roads
               | and more lanes.
               | 
               | The Induced Demand observed in car traffic, also known as
               | Downs-Thomson paradox.
        
               | verall wrote:
               | At this rate I would be surprised if the Texas HSR is
               | complete before 2050. Texas has not come to terms with
               | anything. I say that as a resident for the last 10 years.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > Cars and roads only scale so much before you physically
               | can't move more people fast enough even with more roads
               | and more lanes. Rail scales way better.
               | 
               | Before scaling people moving up so much, I'd question why
               | encourage so much movement.
               | 
               | Instead, let's encourage local areas which are
               | walkable/cycleable that contain 95% of what people need.
               | By eliminating the need for 95% of high-speed people
               | moving (whether by car, train, bus, no matter), that
               | problem becomes automatically solved. And we get a nicer
               | life walking/biking to most places and when we need/want
               | to drive farther, there's no congestion.
        
             | dxuh wrote:
             | Germany has a pretty high population density and the
             | metropolitan areas have evolved around medieval cities, so
             | they are sometimes very bad a carrying a lot of traffic.
             | Getting around by car in lots of major German cities is a
             | major PITA and parking your car there (if you live there)
             | is just as horrible. Inside cities, public transport is
             | much more efficient.
        
           | resonious wrote:
           | Gp said they know about these other factors but doesn't know
           | how to price them. Do you know a way?
        
             | jordanb wrote:
             | "These things aren't important unless you can wedge them
             | into my spreadsheet" is the time of consultant-brained
             | nonsense that got us the world we're living in.
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | Nobody said that. But if you're gonna spend the public
               | money, you need _some_ way of determining  "how much are
               | we willing to pay for this good thing".
        
               | jordanb wrote:
               | Who's "we"? The public is mostly not made up of
               | consultants and do not appreciate consultant logic being
               | applied to everything. People would prefer to define
               | values and then act on those values.
        
               | kurthr wrote:
               | So you would be good with spending more money and even
               | increasing total carbon footprint, if it just felt good?
               | 
               | Seriously, if you're not going to measure anything or use
               | logic, I'm not sure how you can even call them "defined"
               | or "values". It sounds like, "I saw it on
               | TV/internet/billboard so it must be true".
        
               | jordanb wrote:
               | I didn't say that. The OP argued "Actually this is bad
               | because the cost per ton of carbon saved is higher than
               | some other way to save carbon."
               | 
               | The original replyer pointed out that "ways to save
               | carbon" are not necessarily fungible and there are other
               | benefits to subsidized rail travel. The followon
               | dismissal was to throw back and come up with a way to
               | "price" those other benefits.
               | 
               | What I am objecting to is the entire chain of thinking
               | that starts with trying to do simplistic, reductionist
               | price comparisons and then refusing to consider other
               | factors that don't fit in the pricing exercise.
        
               | sedansesame wrote:
               | Yes, because that is exactly how American cities are
               | currently built today -- expensive carbon-intensive roads
               | paved out to sprawling suburbs, the independent financial
               | upkeep of which is not sustainable long-term. [0]
               | 
               | The costs for car-based infrastructure are also sky high:
               | $1+ million per mile of new road, excluding constant
               | maintenance in repavings, potholes, and drainage systems.
               | [1]
               | 
               | From an economic lens, transportation infrastructure is a
               | net gain to the economy. To me, there is no reason why
               | public transit subsidies should be scrutinized on
               | financials above and beyond how public roads are
               | scrutinized.
               | 
               | If we recognize roads are useful, then public transit
               | should be an even more efficient use of taxpayer dollars
               | on mobility per infrastructure footprint costs alone --
               | even before carbon reductions are considered at all.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | [0] https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2021/5/12/6-princ
               | iples-f...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.strongtowns.org/journal/2020/1/27/how-
               | much-does-...
        
               | bigstrat2003 wrote:
               | That isn't "consultant logic", that's the way the world
               | works. Resources are finite. We can't do everything
               | everyone wants to do, so we need some means of
               | prioritizing which things we are to do. You can call
               | names all you want, but this is an unavoidable reality of
               | existence.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | Here's an alternative proposition then: try those things
               | and if there's demand - stick to them.
               | 
               | No need for estimations, especially that they're
               | typically wildly off, as the world is too complicated to
               | summarise it on a spreadsheet.
        
               | bastawhiz wrote:
               | We spend public money on things that are almost
               | impossible to put a concrete value on all the time.
               | Parks. NASA. University subsidies. Animal welfare. The
               | list goes on. "How much are we willing to pay" is
               | entirely subjective and can't be produced by a nice clean
               | spreadsheet.
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | If you could make a park for 5 million dollars, or _the
               | same park_ for 3 million, you would do the latter, would
               | you not? Then you 'd have 2 million left to do something
               | else with.
               | 
               | Because that is the comparison being drawn here. A valid
               | objection would be that there are other axes that are
               | material but are not being considered when we reduce the
               | question to dollars per ton of CO2 -- but arguing that we
               | ought not even try to put a value on how we spend public
               | money will not be a reasonable stance until public money
               | is infinite.
        
               | komali2 wrote:
               | The park to park comparison is the opposite of what's
               | being discussed. That's comparing the value of apple to
               | another from the same tree - there are many subjective
               | elements to compare but given that they're both nearly
               | identical it's quite easy. Still doesn't fit on a
               | spreadsheet e.g. bitterness, likelihood of having a worm
               | inside, prettiness, whatever.
               | 
               | What is being suggested is comparing a train subsidy
               | to... Unknown. Other modes of transportation? The money
               | being spent on other carbon reduction efforts?
               | 
               | I don't understand why carbon reduction is the primary
               | topic for discussion when trying to put a dollar value on
               | the thing. Two apples are still a little difficult to
               | compare but you at least can agree that the bigger
               | tastier one is probably better value (unless the smaller
               | is cheaper and you need to do gram for dollar value, idk,
               | good luck). A train vs other things though is imo
               | essentially impossible to compare, a genuine apples to
               | oranges comparison.
               | 
               | For carbon reduction, I challenge the OP estimate. It
               | assumes everyone drives if no train, as I understand it.
               | So that's the carbon reduction comparison - wow great so
               | many people not driving. But it's not just that. Less
               | parking lots need to be constructed. Less concrete, less
               | carbon. Less roads need re paving every 10 years or
               | whatever - let's compare the carbon of rail maintenance
               | to an asphalt road. Less car accidents, less cars needing
               | to be recycled at plants. Maybe city designs start
               | accommodating the train subsidy, less car centric design,
               | more vertical and dense, less car travel that wouldn't
               | have been served by the train but is now served by
               | walking. On and on and on.
               | 
               | You can't compare these two on carbon alone, and that's
               | not even considering the fact that I find it kinda
               | ridiculous to focus on just carbon as a measure of worth-
               | to-humans. There's so many other factors at play that I
               | genuinely think it's impossible to put a dollar value on.
               | Reduction in road noise for people near the highway.
               | Reduction in smog and thus a reduction in lung cancer and
               | related medical costs. Reduction in human deaths from car
               | accidents. Increase in psychological happiness in
               | commuters not exposed to daily road rage and also
               | suddenly having more time to read or play games. Endless,
               | endless comparisons.
               | 
               | Dollars are a bad way to measure value. We either need a
               | new way to describe value-for-dollars or a new way to
               | describe actual value. Conflating the two was
               | capitalism's ultimate coup and this thread is a great
               | example of why.
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | >Less parking lots need to be constructed. Less concrete,
               | less carbon. Less roads need re paving every 10 years or
               | whatever - let's compare the carbon of rail maintenance
               | to an asphalt road.
               | 
               | Yes, these are all valid other axes to consider. I
               | nevertheless think it's necessary to estimate each of
               | their values as so many "points", which, yes, may be
               | subjective. Those points might as well be dollars,
               | because dollars are what we (as the local government)
               | finally wind up spending on whatever projects we decide
               | on.
        
               | komali2 wrote:
               | Why "might as well be?" Dollars can't accurately
               | determine something's real value and I'm baffled that
               | people continually assume this.
               | 
               | A teacher is more valuable than an investment banker and
               | yet the investment banker is paid more. Maybe I can make
               | a spreadsheet of all the instances of such things and it
               | would reach tens of thousands of rows. It seems to me
               | plain as day so I don't get it.
               | 
               | Sometimes the dollar value is accurate, often not. The
               | frequency that it's incorrect makes me wonder at the
               | authority we grant dollar valuations.
        
               | bastawhiz wrote:
               | This analogy simply doesn't work because transit isn't
               | fungible. Trains and air travel or cars simply aren't
               | "the same park". The benefit of trains is objectively not
               | just the carbon footprint. The money spent by the
               | government benefits the public in other ways, not just
               | environmentally. Ignoring the wear on (and cost of
               | ownership of) personal vehicles, for instance, dismisses
               | a huge amount of savings for folks who can take trains
               | instead. Rail travel is safer and results in fewer
               | deaths. The list goes on. Even "having a train that takes
               | me to work so I can relax on my commute" is an important
               | one. And many of those things are almost impossible to
               | truly quantify the monetary value of and jam into a
               | spreadsheet.
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | All the things you listed are examples of "other axes"
               | that I listed as being valid objections. I also agree
               | that it's hard to estimate the dollar cost or benefit of
               | these things. But I think we do have to attempt to
               | estimate it, since we have no other sensible way to
               | decide how to allocate public funds.
               | 
               | It's not even all that difficult to estimate, really. For
               | example, _every_ business does it, of necessity.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | Can you estimate the dollar value of happiness?
        
               | nkmnz wrote:
               | Can you estimate the additional happiness brought by
               | trains?
        
               | jona-f wrote:
               | No, but we can look at the amount of misery, that is
               | prevented by not using cars. Traffic jams, pollution,
               | accidents, waste of resources,... The difference is so
               | huge, we don't need to put a number on it. Public
               | transport might be unpleasant for the individual, but is
               | clearly very much better for everyone than using cars.
        
               | withinboredom wrote:
               | > Public transport might be unpleasant for the individual
               | 
               | Where is this true?
        
               | chgs wrote:
               | When it's overcrowded, typically caused by policies such
               | as work from office.
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | Yes. For that matter, you can calculate the dollar value
               | of a human life:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Value_of_life
               | 
               | Numbers vary around the world, but FEMA in the US decided
               | on $7.5M in 2020.
               | 
               | Financial investments are economic decisions. Whether or
               | not you like the idea of assigning financial value to
               | fuzzy concepts like happiness or quality adjusted life
               | years, you still have to do it. The simple act of
               | choosing to spend $N or not choosing to spend $N puts an
               | implicit price on the result.
               | 
               | By putting approximate numbers in the spreadsheet - no
               | matter how crude - we can at least end up consistent and
               | fair. Otherwise we could end up spending vast sums to
               | make a few people a little happier instead of smaller
               | sums to make lots of people a lot happier.
        
               | mpweiher wrote:
               | Society is not a business.
               | 
               | Markets are a useful tool that societies use to optimize
               | certain kinds of capital allocation and goods production,
               | where that makes sense. No more no less.
               | 
               | Most of the things societies value most highly don't fit
               | into the market hole.
               | 
               | If trains were exclusively a mechanism for capturing or
               | avoiding carbon, then the metric of $ / tons would be
               | valid. Trains very obviously are not that.
        
               | bastawhiz wrote:
               | > It's not even all that difficult to estimate, really.
               | For example, every business does it, of necessity.
               | 
               | This isn't even true. I run a business, and I frequently
               | make decisions based on what I believe to be the right
               | thing to do rather than what the data shows as being the
               | most profitable outcome. The very notion of a "loss
               | leader" is driven on fuzzy data where execs _simply hope_
               | the loss in revenue from sales is made up for in other
               | benefits that can 't be concretely valued.
        
               | realusername wrote:
               | > "how much are we willing to pay for this good thing"
               | 
               | We don't even do that for cars. We shifted most of the
               | transport cost to the individuals without any
               | calculation. Nowadays, cars are the most costly item in a
               | household besides the house itself, is that okay? I'm not
               | so sure.
        
               | carlosjobim wrote:
               | A car is an incredibly complex and incredibly useful
               | machine. In a non-feudal banker run economy, a car would
               | cost 5 times as much as a house. Or rather the house
               | would be 5 times cheaper than the car.
        
               | Iulioh wrote:
               | The concept is called "measurability bias"
               | 
               | These incentive is not permanent or has to be.
               | 
               | You try it, if thing gets better you keep it or you stop
               | it.
        
               | chomskyole wrote:
               | Yes, that is right. Opinion building is a thing in a
               | democracy.
               | 
               | The problem with op is that he attaches a strong value
               | statement ("isn't good value") to an incomplete
               | assessment. Now that's doing politics! Isn't that what we
               | want to get away from? Don't we want to have it all
               | objective and fact based?
               | 
               | So here is the question: How should we make decisions? Is
               | it possible to use $ as a neutral decision making data
               | point? Or do we have to discuss things broadly, and
               | include elements that haven't been broken down to the
               | cent, to reach a consensus about how we want to organise
               | society?
        
               | fsh wrote:
               | I believe that this idiotic short-sighted minmaxing
               | (mainly due to the conservative party) has led to many of
               | Germany's current infrastructure issues. Laying fiber?
               | VDSL is cheap and has been good enough so far. Renewable
               | energies? Importing Russian gas halves CO2 emissions
               | compared to coal and is way cheaper (surely Russia would
               | never think of abusing the dependence). Maintaining the
               | railway network? That would cost money, and it wasn't
               | broken yet.
        
               | okr wrote:
               | If Germany wants to be a militarized state again, the
               | infrastructure will be fixed again. You have to transport
               | things around.
               | 
               | Tbh, i think, germany has too much not needed but costly
               | infrastructure maintained only for a few people.
        
               | staunton wrote:
               | > germany has too much not needed but costly
               | infrastructure maintained only for a few people
               | 
               | What infrastructure do you mean? Can you give an example?
        
               | chii wrote:
               | so how do you propose the limited public money ought to
               | be spent on which project? Perhaps just feel good vibes?
        
               | im3w1l wrote:
               | I agree with you that it's important to avoid using such
               | a bad strategy as feel good vibes, which could easily
               | happen if one is careless.
               | 
               | However it might suffice to find a strong justification,
               | rather than a pure quantification. One way to build such
               | a justification is to consider rail transport as a part
               | of a coherent whole, as part of a broader vision.
               | 
               | Indeed I think such a strategy can result in a better
               | outcome than the one arising from optimizing everything
               | in isolation; the latter risks leading to a local
               | optimum.
               | 
               | However it is key that the vision is feasible and
               | correctly evaluated. If one were to bet everything on one
               | vision and that vision failed, if say one important
               | factor was forgotten and not accounted for, the result
               | might be rather unfortunate.
               | 
               | So concretely, making local public transport cheaps could
               | fit into a vision of "where will people live, where will
               | they work, and how will they commute from the first place
               | to the second". Whereas including intercity rail and bus
               | is harder to understand maybe it would fit into a vision
               | of "how people will keep in contact with old friends and
               | relatives after moving cities". Maybe "how people will
               | spend their vaction, or go on business trips"?
               | 
               | Let's focus on the former one. It could then go hand in
               | hand with zoning regulation, public-private partnership
               | of building housing+utilities etc. Trying to encourage
               | certain industries to provide jobs.
        
             | bagels wrote:
             | Road building and maintenance avoided?
        
             | bluejekyll wrote:
             | Ok, the GP is only using carbon offsets, but the economic
             | one are just as good. Forgoing car ownership allows for
             | that money to then go other economic uses. Forgoing fuel
             | costs, $20 for electric, $100 for gas, again allows that to
             | go into the other areas of the economy. These are easy to
             | calculate, why not use them?
        
             | com2kid wrote:
             | Asthma from air pollution is calculatable.
             | 
             | Cancer reduction, road repairs, reduction in vehicle costs
             | for tax payers, reduction in road fatalities, all of these
             | can be added up.
        
             | hackeraccount wrote:
             | I know a way.
             | 
             | Politics.
        
           | nsokolsky wrote:
           | How much of the increased rail use is helping increase GDP,
           | though, rather than being purely leisurely trips with little
           | long term value for the economy? More people going to hike in
           | the forest on the weekend technically increases GDP but
           | doesn't add much value to the economy overall.
        
             | postpawl wrote:
             | Keep in mind there's only about 50 miles of high-speed rail
             | in the U.S. so far. With major cities like Dallas and
             | Houston or San Francisco and LA still unconnected by fast
             | rail, there's significant room to boost GDP and improve
             | lives. Expanding rail isn't just about GDP growth, it's
             | about enhancing daily living and connecting communities
             | more effectively. As RFK famously noted, GDP measures
             | everything 'except that which makes life worthwhile'. Rail
             | development does both, supporting the economy and enriching
             | our lives.
        
               | oldpersonintx wrote:
               | no one has ever been able to explain who will be the
               | daily rider for SF/LA or Dallas/Houston rail
               | 
               | I don't mean people trying it out once, or tourists...I
               | mean people who will commit to riding it daily
        
             | bastawhiz wrote:
             | If I could take a train instead of a plane, I would. Doubly
             | so if it saved me money. Savings for individuals means more
             | money to spend on other things.
        
             | dbspin wrote:
             | I wonder if it's possible that you have the telescope the
             | wrong way around?
             | 
             | People leading more fulfilling and rewarding lives is the
             | point of the economy, not the reverse.
        
             | maigret wrote:
             | For many it helps cover the gigantic rent hikes. Many
             | workers need public transportation to commute because they
             | can't afford a car, which keep becoming more expensive
             | because cheap cars don't make profits. It was not rare
             | before for public transport subs to cost upwards of 100 EUR
        
             | Mawr wrote:
             | Fast travel between major cities skyrockets GDP:
             | https://youtu.be/T3LLgzO_PrI?t=264
        
         | andrepd wrote:
         | How much does it cost to keep up the motor roads in Germany?
         | Likewise, how much do the externalities of it (like pollution,
         | and massive numbers of deaths and injuries) cost?
         | 
         | Without it this comparison is meaningless.
        
         | rzwitserloot wrote:
         | The sheer amount of additional benefit means this is a
         | gallingly reductive view of it all.
         | 
         | The subsidy for maintaining car infrastructure is causing
         | _more_ co2 per euro invested, how's that fit into these
         | calculations?
         | 
         | This is so useless, it sounds like propaganda.
        
         | ch0wn wrote:
         | Show me an effective carbon abatement method well under $100.
        
         | clukic wrote:
         | You're not pricing in the primary impact of the subsidy - the
         | value of the travel itself. Those tickets subsidize travel
         | _and_ reduce carbon emissions.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | Disturbingly, your link includes Carbon capture and storage
         | from a fossil power plant, which has never been demonstrated
         | practically and is basically a scam at this point, pushed by
         | oil companies.
         | 
         | Second, you are conflating subsidy with cost. If everyone
         | switches to electric trucks, cost is enormous, but subsidy is
         | zero because private sector pays for it themselves. For
         | electrics freight trains, cost could be lower, but the
         | government has to pay for it.
         | 
         | However, everyone with a grasp of physics knows that freight
         | train is more efficient, so focusing on subsidy is stupid
        
         | thelastgallon wrote:
         | It saves the commuters the cost of buying a car, insurance, gas
         | and maintenance. it saves building new roads and lifecycle
         | costs of maintaining a road. Trains allow dense developments
         | with a little bit of walking. Walking is healthy, a bit of
         | exercise saves a ton on healthcare costs. Density makes
         | everything cheaper. Carbon emissions are just a bonus.
        
         | Crunchified wrote:
         | A big externality is time-savings, and can be calculated.
        
         | abdullahkhalids wrote:
         | The cost of carbon capture is not equal to the value it
         | provides to humanity. In fact, not emitting CO2 that you could
         | have, is even more valuable than CO2 you remove later from the
         | atmosphere.
        
         | thrance wrote:
         | Roads, highways and gas are massively subsidized, much more per
         | kilometer travelled than rail. I think if you factor in spared
         | road maintenance alone, from travellers using the train instead
         | of their cars, you might see the operation is actually saving
         | public money.
        
         | nerdbert wrote:
         | I suspect that's peanuts compared to all the subsidies and
         | unaccounted externalities for car use.
        
         | simonhorlick wrote:
         | Germany actually subsidises fossil fuels to the tune of
         | EUR20bn/year, so in that context EUR3bn doesn't sound so bad.
         | Some of the latest estimates of the true cost per ton of carbon
         | put it around $1000 USD, so in purely economic terms it's still
         | a win.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | Don't forget to factor in the reduced costs of road
         | maintenance, accidents, non-CO2 pollution, and traffic delays.
        
         | ic_fly2 wrote:
         | You make a very valid point.
         | 
         | I'd ignore unpriced other externalities, that is a large rabbit
         | hole. (Do people increase consumption of other goods thanks to
         | the savings of this ticket...)
         | 
         | I'd rather look at the project, subsidies again and the cost
         | and realise that at this scale there are few individual
         | projects. So this is a very large knob to dial down the
         | emissions.
         | 
         | Secondly, the subsidies go into the German economy. The rail
         | system is very domestic economy heavy, so at a time where the
         | German economy is going into a recession, spending 3bn to
         | subsidise transport and reduce people's cost of living and pay
         | for German workers and investments is not such a terrible idea.
         | 
         | So while the price tag is high, the money isn't turned into
         | trees or buried like in pure abatement projects and at this
         | scale it is a nice leaver to pull.
        
         | Asmod4n wrote:
         | We are paying 70bnEUR annually for roads. And gain 25 in taxes
         | for it.
        
         | gmerc wrote:
         | - Air Pollution and related deaths / morbidities - Road tear
         | and wear - Congestion related loss of business and time - Can
         | actually work on train or rest
         | 
         | Many of these can be calculated and measured.
         | 
         | Rail doesn't significantly pollute more or deprecate faster on
         | the infrastructure side empty or full.
        
         | SECProto wrote:
         | Funding road repairs, construction, and expansion from general
         | tax revenues is similarly subsidizing a different mode of
         | transit, and it's likely a much higher value than the 3bEUR you
         | mention (and likely more than overall railway sector
         | subsidizing, tho I'm not familiar with Germany's budget). Also
         | recognizing that other positive externalities exist, but
         | pricing them at $0, seems silly.
        
           | Happily2020 wrote:
           | Not to mention subsidised parking spaces. Free and even paid
           | street parking is highly subsidised by the city and by other
           | tax payers. There's also the environmental cost of not having
           | that land be a park or nature and instead have it contribute
           | to being an urban heat island with all its asphalt.
        
             | looofooo0 wrote:
             | Healthcare cost also decline, and people become less sick
             | because you have to walk some amount to get to the train.
        
               | piyuv wrote:
               | The air quality improving should also be a factor.
        
               | shankr wrote:
               | Although you fall sick more often in winter when using
               | public transportation.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | Is that a rigorous statistical analysis or just your
               | impression?
        
               | throw4950sh06 wrote:
               | Some people actually try these things... And not writing
               | an academic paper about it doesn't make it wrong.
        
               | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
               | Not writing an academic paper about it doesn't make it
               | right either. This is the problem, when it's just
               | hearsay, the rest of us have nothing to judge its
               | accuracy with.
               | 
               | When looking at something as complex as people's
               | behaviour, then it's worth allowing for seasonal
               | variations in public transport use (e.g. when it's
               | raining people may decide to get the bus rather than
               | walk). Could it be related to the length of their
               | journeys and/or their net worth? (There's a strong
               | correlation between health and wealth). How does it
               | compare to a similar section of the population that drive
               | or cycle instead?
        
               | throw4950sh06 wrote:
               | You can look into it yourself. This is a web forum, not
               | university.
               | 
               | I don't understand how are your questions going to answer
               | anything anyways - it's not like the answer is going to
               | be the same anywhere.
        
               | finikytou wrote:
               | in Paris (and pretty sure that applies to pretty much any
               | big western city, new york for instance is worse in a few
               | of the criterias ill reference) subway increase stress,
               | frequent delays(if you have 2-3 train as part of your
               | commute you will experience it daily), pollution down
               | under is high, virus/covid transmission is high,
               | pickpockets are everywhere if not worse, bedbug, pee
               | smell, junkies. Id take a car any day.
        
               | neither_color wrote:
               | This is much less of a problem in large Asian cities.
               | They're only really stressful in rush hour crowds. But in
               | places like NY the public seems much less interested in
               | the initial policing, maintenance, and cultural attitude
               | shifts that would be required to make it happen. Like,
               | you could still have the artists, street performers, and
               | other so-called charming quirks while still making sure
               | the problematic passengers get the help they need. What's
               | it going to take? You could even do a trial period, like
               | one year of safe, clean metros and see if people want to
               | go back to the way things are now.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | It is easy to say but not easy to do.
               | 
               | Post Szasz and Reagan we've had the policy of
               | deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill. Thus you have
               | a lot of people with schizophrenia who have no insight
               | into their condition who are very hard to manage. Even in
               | a town where services are relatively available there are
               | many people who take years to accept a diagnosis which
               | can get them on disability and receiving permanent help.
               | 
               | Probably the best we can do for these people is get them
               | stabilized on an antipsychotic drug and then get them in
               | the clinic every few months for a depot injection but
               | even that is pretty hard.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | So I live in NYC, and constant honking and worrying about
               | being run over by cars when I'm trying to cross the
               | street contribute way more to my stress than the state of
               | the subway in NYC. Driving, or being around vehicles
               | driving, is incredibly stressful.
               | 
               | Also, I was in Paris last year and I found your subway
               | system more pleasant than ours. Methinks you doth
               | complain too much.
        
               | retinaros wrote:
               | I lived years in NYC and in Paris, it might be more
               | pleasant on the touristic places and crime is definitrly
               | less violent. for everything else it stays true and id
               | take crossing the street and honking anyday versus having
               | to deal with public transportation with all the drug
               | addicts and violence that is in NYC subway. hell I was
               | commuting walking 40 min morning 40 min night not to deal
               | with subway
        
               | RandomThoughts3 wrote:
               | The Paris metro is amongst the most frequented in the
               | world and operates near peak capacity. You absolutely
               | can't compare it to anything in Germany. Germany doesn't
               | really have a city which can be compared to Paris. Berlin
               | has the most populated urban area and it has less than
               | half the population of the Paris one. The only similar
               | city in Europe is London.
               | 
               | Plus there is no bed bugs and pickpockets are an oddity
               | outside of the most touristy stations.
               | 
               | Anyway, considering how awful it is to drive and park in
               | Paris, you would have to be crazy to use a car instead of
               | taking the train which is why nearly everyone does. Plus,
               | with the mandatory employer subvention, it's incredibly
               | cheap at 44EUR a month. The only credible alternative is
               | biking which is indeed more and more popular.
        
               | retinaros wrote:
               | pickpockets an oddity? brother I took all the suburban
               | trains you can think of, the paris subway on a regular
               | basis ive seen people injecting their arms on the wagon,
               | antisemitic attacks, stabbings, punching, people shit on
               | the floor, drunks and pickpockets are a daily thing in
               | paris in EVERY public transportation. some bus lines in
               | non-touristic areas are even so infamous that everyday
               | legions of comments tell stories of how people got robbed
               | their phones or wallets. ill take a car any day and guess
               | what? that is what every rich person including the city
               | mayor will do once they ban outsiders from having car in
               | the name of greenwashing. they will ban cars in paris for
               | middle class and then have people that drive ubers coming
               | from poor suburbs and exploit them to drive around while
               | us commoners have to live through the criminal hell that
               | is paris public transportation.
        
             | 6510 wrote:
             | It has secretly become unrealistic to have cars in a city,
             | we still do it but more out of tradition. You wouldn't
             | build parks (tho that would be nice) 1 parked car, the road
             | next to it and the second side walk take about as much
             | space as an apartment and we stack those one on top of the
             | other.
             | 
             | Something like this is quite hilarious if you think about
             | it.
             | 
             | https://www.alamy.com/parking-in-the-courtyard-of-high-
             | rise-...
             | 
             | It reminds me of grazing cows having 80 times as much space
             | as people in some parts of my country.
        
               | Nullabillity wrote:
               | You don't _have_ to build it like that. Where I live now,
               | the parking lot is effectively the basement under the
               | apartment buildings and playground. You 'd barely
               | interact with it unless you're driving.
        
               | 6510 wrote:
               | Housing is getting so expensive that people share tiny
               | apartments while still able to afford two cars. With that
               | ratio you need 10 floors of parking for 10 floors of
               | housing.
               | 
               | I always thought it funny how popular elevators are for
               | vertical travel. A monorail station in the basement or
               | even a ski lift seems a lot less space consuming.
               | 
               | If it means you can get a home 120m2 (1300 sq ft) in
               | stead of 60m2 (650 sq ft) it seems worth considering.
        
             | andrepd wrote:
             | Absolutely. Next time you see a free parking spot mentally
             | calculate the rent of ~10m2 on that part of the city to
             | understand how much of a subsidy that is. Then multiply by
             | 50 parking spots in a street. Then think how many thousands
             | there are all over the city...
        
               | finikytou wrote:
               | do you have free parking? cities are making money out of
               | parking spots. a lot of money. so much than one would say
               | they have an incentive to reduce parking space to
               | increase price and reduce expenses
        
               | PaulRobinson wrote:
               | Cities and councils should not be making decisions based
               | on how to raise revenue.
               | 
               | They should be making decisions based on how to improve
               | quality of life for residents.
               | 
               | Parking should exist where public transport is not a
               | viable option. Ideally the work to make public transport
               | an option should be prioritised over the work to making
               | parking exist.
               | 
               | Cities and councils can make money from public transport
               | too, it'll work out OK revenue-wise, and quality of life
               | improvements can be considerable.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | > Cities and councils should not be making decisions
               | based on how to raise revenue.
               | 
               | Why not?
               | 
               | > They should be making decisions based on how to improve
               | quality of life for residents.
               | 
               | Residents can use money to purchase goods and services to
               | improve their quality of life.
               | 
               | > Parking should exist where public transport is not a
               | viable option.
               | 
               | And the market can provide parking at market-prices.
               | (And, cities and councils can perhaps also offer parking
               | at market prices on their properties.)
        
               | bratwurst3000 wrote:
               | > Residents can use money to purchase goods and services
               | to improve their quality of life.
               | 
               | i live in a city with pollution problem. where can i buy
               | this clean air to improve the quality of my life?
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | Air filters are a fairly common purchase to increase
               | this.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | You might want to look up Coasian Bargaining.
        
               | PaulRobinson wrote:
               | You have a fundamentally different model of the social
               | contract to me. We're unlikely to ever agree. However...
               | 
               | I believe that relying on individual purchasing power
               | ("utility"), to improve the average quality of life is an
               | experiment (often referred to as "Reganism" or
               | "Thatcherism"), that after 40+ years of trialling has
               | shown to be net negative to social mobility, overall net
               | happiness and other factors important to me as a UK
               | middle-class (this isn't the same as what middle-class
               | means in the US), citizen with a significantly-above
               | median income for my age, social background and other
               | predictive factors, as compared to natural experiments in
               | free market economies where such trials did not take
               | place (most of Northern Europe), in the same time frame.
               | 
               | The core problem with free markets being used as a
               | mechanism to settle all societies ills is that theory
               | ignores natural monopolies. You can't have a car parking
               | space and a children's park in the same place: you must
               | make a choice. And if you choose based on economic
               | utility, the outcome with the direct revenue will allow a
               | realised "win" over that which has indirect or non-
               | utility rewards such as "happy, well-adjusted, children
               | who have learned to be nice to each other".
               | 
               | If you believe in the right wing view of economics
               | without taking into account the lack of natural
               | monopolies, you and I are unfortunately going to be so
               | far apart from being able to find common ground we might
               | just be wasting each others' time.
               | 
               | If you do understand the nature of a natural monopoly
               | from a land use to utility company infrastructure, then
               | you'll realise that when you follow the thread that car
               | parking at market prices denies other monopoly uses of
               | that land, that residents can't influence that through
               | purchasing decisions, and that cities and councils would
               | be failing in their duty to provide an equitable and
               | comfortable city/town in which to exist by making
               | decisions about monopoly situations purely based on
               | revenue potential.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | You can't have a car parking space and a children's park
               | in the same place: you must make a choice.
               | 
               | They also provide utility. If you remove parking spaces
               | near a children's park less children can/will visit. You
               | need a balance.
        
               | ciceryadam wrote:
               | Tell me you are an American, without telling me you are
               | an American.
               | 
               | You can reach a children's park on foot or by taking
               | public transportation, so ideally there's no need for a
               | parking lot right next to it.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | You can visit your local park hopefully you live in an
               | area with one. You can invest time using transit to get
               | to another park. Traveling during rush hour would be
               | difficult. Traveling with many children or younger
               | children adds a difficulty. Being disabled or older or
               | worse disabled with children more difficult. For the
               | young, childless, plenty of time on their hands or live
               | next to a park of course walking a few steps is a no
               | brainer.
               | 
               | But it's like buying a gym membership across town with
               | the idea that you would walk everyday. You aren't going
               | once winter hits.
               | 
               | Not American but have been young and took transit and
               | walked everywhere but also seen seniors in wheelchairs
               | who stopped going to the park after they stopped allowing
               | cars to park.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | What social contract? That's a convenient fiction, but no
               | one ever agreed to any social contract anywhere.
               | 
               | My adopted home of Singapore goes a lot harder on private
               | initiative than Thatcher and Reagan ever dreamed off. And
               | thanks to that, and some other factors, they went from
               | third world to first world (or arguably zeroth world) in
               | less than a generation.
               | 
               | > The core problem with free markets being used as a
               | mechanism to settle all societies ills is that theory
               | ignores natural monopolies. You can't have a car parking
               | space and a children's park in the same place: you must
               | make a choice.
               | 
               | You might want to read up on how
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_monopoly
               | 
               | What you are describing here has nothing to do with a
               | 'natural monopoly'.
               | 
               | Funny enough, most places in the US have outrageous
               | mandatory minimum parking space requirements. A free
               | market would most likely provide less street parking. See
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parking_mandates and
               | especially https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_High_Cost_of
               | _Free_Parking
               | 
               | Revenue means people are willing to pay for something,
               | something they value. So it's not the be-and-end-all for
               | how to run your city, but it's better than many other
               | ways political decisions are made. (And better than
               | whatever political decision procedure leads to mandatory
               | minimum parking requirements, IMHO.)
        
               | tremon wrote:
               | The fact that you didn't explicitly opt-in to it before
               | you were born does not mean there is no implicit social
               | contract between you and your fellow citizens.
        
               | shswkna wrote:
               | Without trying to ridicule you, asking "what social
               | contract?" In this kind of discussion is like a first
               | year university student asking "what's a fraction?" in
               | first year maths classes.
               | 
               | An entire section of philosophy is built on this question
               | alone, and why there is such a thing as a social
               | contract.
        
               | rstuart4133 wrote:
               | > What social contract? That's a convenient fiction, but
               | no one ever agreed to any social contract anywhere. My
               | adopted home of Singapore goes a lot harder on private
               | initiative than Thatcher and Reagan ever dreamed off.
               | 
               | Do you chew gum when you are at home in Singapore? No,
               | you don't, because it's illegal. Did you agree to that,
               | were even you given a choice? No, of course not.
               | 
               | Singapore is more authoritarian than most liberal
               | democracies. That means you do as your told. That's the
               | social contract. If you disagree with the people in power
               | to loudly, you got to rot in jail.
               | https://www.smh.com.au/world/lee-kuan-yew-a-towering-
               | figure-...
               | 
               | As it happens, Singapore got lucky. The people in charge
               | are good at running a country efficiently. In particular,
               | they didn't line their own pockets too aggressively -
               | certainly not in a way that was out of line with liberal
               | democracies. The Singapore it's an outlier compared to
               | other authoritarian countries. Generally, once
               | politicians eliminate the competition, they use their
               | control to milk the economy for all they are worth.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | > Cities and councils should not be making decisions
               | based on how to raise revenue.
               | 
               | ... although if they were, the price of parking would be
               | way higher. The optimal price for parking is a time-and-
               | day-dependent price set high enough that around 10% of
               | spots everywhere in the city are free at any given time,
               | so that people who need parking can generally find it
               | conveniently nearby to where they're going.
        
               | jjav wrote:
               | > set high enough that around 10% of spots everywhere in
               | the city are free at any given time, so that people who
               | need parking can generally find it conveniently nearby to
               | where they're going
               | 
               | OTOH, if there is always that much space available (and
               | presumably there didn't used to be before the price
               | hikes) then it is evidence that a lot of people have
               | chosen to go elsewhere because parking became too
               | expensive.
               | 
               | Can the location compete with that "elsewhere"? If it is
               | a unique location with unique reasons to visit, probably
               | yes. But if it is the typical old downtown with stores
               | competing with the strip mall with similar stores but
               | free parking, probably not.
               | 
               | I've seen the depressing cycle of multiple vibrant
               | downtown cores become abandoned after parking meters came
               | in. I very much prefer a strong active downtown core even
               | if finding parking is a pain, to one that is mostly all
               | boarded up and abandoned but there's plenty of paid
               | parking.
        
               | retinaros wrote:
               | parking costs over 200euros a day in Paris. the city also
               | is on the board of private parking companies.... conflict
               | of interest is high, corruption is also knocking at the
               | door. greenwashing is the new criminal activity for suits
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Practically in a city like Ithaca NY there are stores
               | like Wal-Mart that have oceans of free parking about a
               | mile from the Ithaca Commons which is a pedestrian mall
               | surrounded by parking meters and concrete corkscrews that
               | cost about $1 an hour. Years ago local shops could stamp
               | your parking ticket and give you a few hour for buying
               | something but the city decided it couldn't afford it.
               | 
               | That $1 isn't much, but many believe the Commons can't
               | compete on that basis and shoppers will avoid the Commons
               | and go to stores on the commercial strip instead, it
               | doesn't help that the Commons doesn't have a diversity of
               | shopping, instead it has some gift stores, a legal
               | cannabis dispensary that is just about to reopen after
               | being closed for some reason, numerous head shops, a
               | bookstore, and numerous CBD stores that I think sell real
               | weed in a back room.
        
               | retinaros wrote:
               | public transportation is not a viable option in the west.
               | too much crime too many lenient judge. in asia it is top
               | notch. because people are educated and this just works.
               | once we fix this you can take our cars.
        
               | TheCoelacanth wrote:
               | They make money because they don't have to pay for the
               | true value of the land. It's free to them.
               | 
               | It's still a subsidy because they are charging less than
               | the market value of the most valuable possible use.
        
             | eru wrote:
             | Yes, though all of that is more of an argument in favour of
             | dropping car subsidies, than an argument in favour of more
             | rail subsidies.
        
           | dan-robertson wrote:
           | Road wear scales with the fourth power of weight over the
           | axle so, even with personal cars getting heavier, I'm not
           | sure that moving people from cars to trains makes much of a
           | difference - I think most wear typically comes from heavy
           | vehicles or weathering - so it mightn't make much difference
           | to repair costs.
           | 
           | That doesn't mean there aren't other advantages. Eg reducing
           | parking spaces (as a sibling points out) to increase urban
           | density is probably good for the economy, and time on a train
           | can be better spent than time in a car because one doesn't
           | need to pay as much attention, which could be a small
           | improvement to many people's lives.
        
             | ivan_gammel wrote:
             | > Eg reducing parking spaces (as a sibling points out) to
             | increase urban density is probably good for the economy
             | 
             | Looking at most German cities, the effect of this is
             | negligible.
        
               | The_Colonel wrote:
               | I actually observe reduction of parking spaces in public
               | spaces.
               | 
               | Although I don't think it could be an effect of
               | Deutschlandticket, too little time to have an effect
               | IMHO.
        
             | lucumo wrote:
             | > time on a train can be better spent than time in a car
             | because one doesn't need to pay as much attention, which
             | could be a small improvement to many people's lives.
             | 
             | This is not really true on busy trains. I've commuted both
             | on trains and in cars, and when comparing transportation
             | methods near the saturation point, cars win when it comes
             | to personal comfort.
             | 
             | A traffic jam is no fun, but you can still sit, aren't
             | jostled about by other people, have your personal space,
             | and keep your climate controlled to a good level.
             | 
             | In a full train, you will be standing up, pressed against a
             | bunch of other people. The climate will be other people's
             | sweat. You may be able to use your phone, but not much
             | more.
             | 
             | On a longer quiet route the train can be very nice. Get
             | your laptop out, do a little work, nice coffee or tea with
             | you. But on a busy commuter line it's more annoying than a
             | car.
        
               | willyt wrote:
               | But if the train is that busy it likely couldn't be
               | replaced by people travelling in personal cars anyway as
               | they would take up to much road space and cause a huge
               | traffic jam and there would be nowhere to park at the end
               | of the journey in a presumably dense city centre.
        
               | mu53 wrote:
               | Most people are likely buying this for the regional
               | tickets. Those trains sell seats, and do not have
               | passengers standing for the 1-3 hour journey.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | > _I 've commuted both on trains and in cars, and when
               | comparing transportation methods near the saturation
               | point, cars win when it comes to personal comfort._
               | 
               | Note that if you're at the saturation point of both
               | modes, you're moving _a lot_ more people with (light
               | /heavy) rail:
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Passenger_Capacity_o
               | f_dif...
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_capacity
               | 
               | Also worth considering that while it may be personally
               | comfortable for you in on saturated rail, _you 're still
               | moving_ towards your destination, whereas at car
               | saturation you may be physically comfortable, but you are
               | not making progress towards your goal of actually
               | achieving your goal of getting to your destination while
               | your speed is zero.
        
               | jansan wrote:
               | That is like saying that with pig factory farming (aka
               | intensive pig farming) you can produce far more meat per
               | square foot than with organic pig farming and therefore
               | it must be better.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | > [...] _and therefore it must be better._
               | 
               | Yes, it _is_ better from a _capacity_ point of view.
               | 
               | If you have a linear path that is _x_ metres wide, and
               | you want /need to move a certain number of people, not-
               | cars will move more people:
               | 
               | * https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/01/Cor
               | ridor...
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis-Mogridge_position
               | 
               | Or, from another perspective, you have a budget of $/EUR
               | _y_ for transportation, what mode of transportation will
               | allow you to move the most people for that money? Unless
               | you believe in MMT, government budgets are a finite
               | resource, so how do we get the most bang for our buck?
               | 
               | Certainly you need _some_ roads as vehicles such as
               | trucks (UK: lorries) are very handy for society in
               | running the economy. I myself own a car, a motorcycle, a
               | bicycle, and have a transit pass (though I can use debit
               | /credit tap-to-pay) and use each mode when appropriate.
               | But the _overemphasis_ on automobiles-- _specifically_
               | for private transportation--is suffocating the
               | availability for other options.
               | 
               | To go back to your analogy: if you have a starving
               | population, then factory farming _is_ better because you
               | can provide more calories to more people (and probably at
               | lower cost). In that case organic is _worse_ because you
               | may be sacrificing people 's well-being by not having
               | enough capacity. Once you solve your first problem
               | (enough calories/capacity), _then_ you have the luxury of
               | other considerations.
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | Obviously it is better. The better alternative to
               | intensive animal husbandry is not eating meat (or other
               | animal products, but in a lesser way) than greenwashing
               | via "organic" designation.
        
               | rtpg wrote:
               | I.... I really don't feel like driving in a traffic jam
               | is better than being in a train in anything except the
               | most extreme cases of train crowding. I haven't
               | experienced massive commuter driving but even the cases
               | I've just been stuck in stop and go traffic for 30
               | minutes it felt worse than any train ride I've taken
               | except for the few times I was in "I feel like I'm going
               | to get crushed" levels of crowded.
               | 
               | And like... generally speaking, the crowded train is
               | still going to get you where you need to go. I don't know
               | how you walk away from the 30 minute trip that took 2+
               | hours with any happy feelings. To each their own of
               | course
        
               | BlackLotus89 wrote:
               | > I don't know how you walk away from the 30 minute trip
               | 
               | You never drove with the DB before I take it (die Bahn -
               | German trains). You routinely have that a 30min trip
               | takes multiple times of what it should.
               | 
               | * train coming in late * no replacement * suddenly from
               | another track * people taking their life * missing the
               | follow train * having to wait because an ICE gets
               | priority
               | 
               | You don't know how many trips I had to cancel because
               | coming 3 hours to late (when starting the trip 30min
               | early) isn't viable.
               | 
               | Yeah sure being in a traffic jam sucks! Big time. I hate
               | it with all my heart, but I then start playing a podcast
               | or calming music and actually get something out of it.
               | It's actually not so nervewracking if you change your
               | mindset. It bothers me more that I know that my mileage
               | will tank for that short while... But yeah if I can I
               | stay at home...
        
               | bratwurst3000 wrote:
               | i also live in germany and its crazy. we are one to of
               | the most developed country in the world and our train
               | suck that hard that beeing stuck in traffic is way more
               | pleasant and faster then beeing stuck somewhere for hours
               | because of die bahn.
               | 
               | and that's frequent. i did have to take the train for 6
               | months with 1 change of train and it was completely full
               | all the time and late half the time so a missed the other
               | train. its not all trains but some are freaking late all
               | the time. especially those between frankfort and
               | stuttgart.
               | 
               | there is a talk from daniel kriesel on youtube called
               | bahn mining. very worth it
               | 
               | edit:// i use the 49 ticket because it is nice to use
               | trams and buses in towns.
        
           | jajko wrote:
           | German chancellor plans to put road repairs into 2% mandatory
           | defense budget to meet NATO requirements, so not that much of
           | a load to overall german budget.
           | 
           | Not trying to detract discussion, just finding it hilarious
           | that when facing a potentially existential threat from
           | russians who repeatedly claim they will wipe them out, they
           | will do just about anything rather than making their military
           | into something a bit better than an chronically underfunded
           | joke its now.
        
             | diordiderot wrote:
             | I believe the road budget was 132.8 billion between 2016
             | and 2030
        
             | chgs wrote:
             | A strong German military with an ascendant far right party.
             | What could possibly go wrong.
        
             | fransje26 wrote:
             | Actually, it makes quite a bit of sense to plan ahead to
             | make sure that your infrastructure can efficiently
             | transport the weapon systems you already have, or you are
             | planning to have.
             | 
             | What's the use of tanks if you can't get them to the
             | battlefield? [1]
             | 
             | Although some infrastructure was already built taking
             | logistics into account [2], concrete structures have a life
             | expectancy of about 50 years, and many bridges are past
             | that age and need urgent replacement. And that costs a lot
             | of money.
             | 
             | A small reminder on the importance of bridges: [3]
             | 
             | [1] https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/what-can-stop-
             | nato-...
             | 
             | [2] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_Load_Classific
             | ation
             | 
             | [3] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-64664944
        
           | xienze wrote:
           | Aren't roads necessary from a "last mile" perspective for
           | like, all sorts of things a functioning country needs? Last
           | time I checked trains don't run directly from farms to
           | grocery stores and so we need trucks and therefore roads in
           | order to get food to consumers, among other things.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Much less roads. Humans can walk - and for health should.
             | 
             | a few trucks are still needed but trucks used to haul are a
             | minoricy of traffic
        
             | SECProto wrote:
             | > Aren't roads necessary from a "last mile" perspective for
             | like, all sorts of things a functioning country needs?
             | 
             | Yup, absolutely! But at least where I've worked on road
             | design, the number of lanes on a local road is governed
             | pretty much solely by the number of cars (trucks just have
             | a larger impact on asphalt structure choices and, balance
             | with the impacts of freeze-thaw, resurfacing schedule).
             | 
             | But this is about longer distance travel - trains generally
             | being used for intercity travel vs highways. Even still, I
             | don't argue against road subsidization, but rather in
             | favour of more train subsidization.
        
             | rakoo wrote:
             | They're necessary because cities are built around the idea
             | that everything must be done through a car, so roads become
             | necessary. It's a bit of a self-fulfilling prophecy. The
             | underlying discussion is all about urban planning and how
             | we want societies to organize space.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | I do not know about Germany, but most countries have taxes on
           | car ownership and fuel, so you need to offset those against
           | the expenditure on roads. Road construction and maintenance
           | also benefits other road users - transport vehicles, cyclists
           | and pedestrians and emergency vehicles etc.
        
             | Zamiel_Snawley wrote:
             | The degradation of road surfaces is caused almost entirely
             | by automobiles.
             | 
             | Think of how often dedicated walking and cycling routes
             | need to be repaved--almost never.
             | 
             | Car owners only pay about half of the cost of road
             | maintenance in the US[1].
             | 
             | [1] https://frontiergroup.org/resources/who-pays-roads/
        
               | graemep wrote:
               | How much in germany, which is what the post is about? How
               | much in other countrie?
               | 
               | > The degradation of road surfaces is caused almost
               | entirely by automobiles.
               | 
               | Given the fourth power law I find it hard to believe that
               | larger vehicles, especially good vehicles , are not
               | significant.
               | 
               | Even without wear, surfaces deteriorate. You cannot claim
               | that pavements and cycle lanes are zero maintenance, or
               | have negligible costs to build.
        
         | solatic wrote:
         | I'm not sure you've fully accounted for the full carbon
         | reduction here, which is not just the replacement of cars from
         | the road but also the transition to a car-free lifestyle.
         | 
         | It gets people out of their cars because it's cheaper than
         | petrol. When train tickets (in other countries) cost more than
         | the cost of petrol for the journey, commuters who already sank
         | the cost of buying a car + insurance ask why they should bother
         | paying a premium for the train ticket when the cost of petrol
         | will be cheaper.
         | 
         |  _Only after_ people transition to taking the train in the
         | morning, do they then start to ask questions like  "do I get
         | value out of paying for insurance on a car I don't drive?" and
         | start to make decisions like selling their cars. In this case
         | the carbon reduction is not only the carbon reduction of the
         | trips that would have been taken by train, but the carbon
         | reduction from the use of the car altogether, and future car
         | maintenance and replacement.
        
         | baxtr wrote:
         | Additionally the ticket has not only shifted traffic but also
         | led to an increase of trips in total.
        
         | CalRobert wrote:
         | Fewer people in cars means fewer road deaths, safer streets for
         | walking and cycling, quieter cities, less nimby obstructionism
         | due to parking complaints, and less inhaled tyre participates,
         | among other benefits.
        
         | locallost wrote:
         | It's head and shoulders above all the subsidies to the car
         | industry that just increase emissions. In terms of value it
         | can't even be compared, one is positive and the other negative.
         | 
         | E.g. during the original 9 Euro Ticket, the government also
         | reduced taxes on gas to fight inflation, and this cost as much
         | as the subsidies for the 9 Euro Ticket. The gas tax reduction's
         | costs were 3 billion, and the 9 Euro Ticket costs were 2.5
         | billion.
         | 
         | So I would call it exceptional value when compared to other
         | things.
        
         | sooheon wrote:
         | You're right, subsidies aren't enough. They should tax carbon,
         | road use, and car ownership also.
        
         | panda-giddiness wrote:
         | Germany spends some 70 billion euros maintaining the road
         | system, only about a third of which is offset by taxes on
         | drivers [1]. If we accept that investments in roads reduce
         | carbon emissions by 0 million tonnes per year, then that works
         | out to NaN EUR per tonne -- much worse than other carbon
         | abatement methods!
         | 
         | Naturally there might be other positive externalities to owning
         | a car, but I don't own a car and therefore wouldn't be privy to
         | them. Instead I rely almost exclusively on Germany's public
         | transport for my daily commutes, which I find perfectly
         | satisfactory for this purpose and significantly more convenient
         | than parking and maintaining a car.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | [1] https://www.forschung-und-
         | wissen.de/nachrichten/oekonomie/au...
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | A third can't be right. 15 billion from petrol and 18.2
           | billion from diesel alone make up almost half of that. 48.76
           | million vehicles times EUR100 (back of the envelope
           | calculation) for vehicle tax puts that number above half.
           | 
           | https://www.destatis.de/EN/Themes/Government/Taxes/Excise-
           | Du...
           | 
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/810662/passenger-cars-
           | st...
           | 
           | https://www.zoll.de/DE/Unternehmen/Kraftfahrzeugsteuer/Steue.
           | ..
        
             | panda-giddiness wrote:
             | From the article (sorry for the bad link before; fixed
             | below [1]):
             | 
             | > The revenue from taxes and levies on road traffic amounts
             | to around 50 billion euros annually. Around half of this is
             | earmarked by law via the mineral oil tax, i.e. around 25
             | billion euros. This means that just over a third (36%) of
             | the earmarked revenue from road traffic covers the costs of
             | roads and other facilities such as parking lots and the
             | like. It is therefore clear that the public sector is
             | heavily subsidizing road traffic.
             | 
             | My understanding is that these two forms of taxes add to
             | more than 50%, but then almost half of those taxes must be
             | reinvested elsewhere by law (i.e., not into roads), hence
             | the 1/3 figure. But even if you ignore this reallocation of
             | taxes, you still have a deficit of around 20 billion euros.
             | 
             | ---
             | 
             | [1] https://www.forschung-und-
             | wissen.de/nachrichten/oekonomie/au...
        
               | sideshowb wrote:
               | I'm a bit baffled why Germany's numbers are so bad here.
               | In the UK the government takes far more in revenue from
               | drivers than it spends on the roads.
        
               | hollerith wrote:
               | Although the UK probably still makes cars, making and
               | exporting cars is not as big a part of the UK economy as
               | it is of the German economy.
               | 
               | Maybe that is why.
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | Maybe in UK local roads are funded differently? If you
               | counted only national roads in Poland it would seem that
               | Poland takes more in revenue than spends on roads, which
               | isn't true if you count expenses on all the local roads
               | that aren't in national budget.
        
               | sideshowb wrote:
               | No my op includes local roads though you're right you do
               | have to gather the data from local authorities
        
               | tame3902 wrote:
               | That's because the selection of numbers is a little bit
               | weird. The 70 billion on the cost side are composed of 38
               | billion for construction and maintenance, 14 billion for
               | traffic police and 18 billion for public funds spent for
               | accidents. The generated income is only taxes on fuel and
               | the tax car owners have to pay.
               | 
               | If you include the cost of the traffic police, there is
               | way more stuff that you can include on the income side
               | like taxes on car sales and part of the cost comes also
               | back to the government in the form of taxes. There is
               | likely also a large part of the costs that is missing.
               | Doing this properly is a lot of work and doing it
               | precisely is hard to impossible. These sort of things
               | almost always include estimates for the higher order
               | effects.
               | 
               | Btw: I googled the study[1] and apparently it was funded
               | by the "Netzwerk Europaischer Eisenbahnen e.V." (Network
               | of European Railways Association). I would take any
               | statements and numbers with a huge grain of salt.
               | 
               | [1]: https://www.htw-berlin.de/forschung/online-
               | forschungskatalog...
        
             | Denvercoder9 wrote:
             | > 15 billion from petrol and 18.2 billion from diesel alone
             | 
             | Not all petrol or diesel is consumed by motor vehicles that
             | (primarily) drive on the road.
        
           | jojobas wrote:
           | Even if you don't drive a car yourself you depend a lot on
           | things delivered by road. Most of the road wear is done by
           | trucks bringing you food, construction materials and whatever
           | else. You can't exactly replenish your local grocery store by
           | rail or cargo bike.
        
             | xandrius wrote:
             | But we could definitely have 99% being done over rail and
             | 1% by road.
        
         | looofooo0 wrote:
         | Health care cost decline as people walk more compared to car
         | transit!
        
         | vaylian wrote:
         | > That really isn't good value - most carbon abatement methods
         | cost well under $100 per tonne.
         | 
         | That assumes that there is still sufficient potential for
         | additional use of these cheaper carbon abatement methods. The
         | tricky part about fighting climate change is that we have to
         | make change in many different places. Each partial solution has
         | only a limited capacity for deployment.
        
         | jona-f wrote:
         | This is so wrong, I don't even know where to begin, my head is
         | spinning. Luckily HN came to the rescue for once. But sadly
         | this is the kind of reasoning that actually works in politics
         | and finance.
        
         | chipdart wrote:
         | > Providing these EUR49 tickets requires an annual subsidy of
         | around EUR3bn, on top of already substantial subsidies for the
         | rail industry.
         | 
         | I'm perplexed by the way you omitted the fact that these
         | subsidies cover bus services, both local and regional (it's in
         | the article's leading sentence).
         | 
         | From there you proceeded to use that cherry-picking to single
         | out a specific type of service while also cherry-picking the
         | tradeoffs.
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | $ 3bn is a fairly small price to pay when you consider that you
         | get less co2 ON TOP of more people using public transport
        
         | littlestymaar wrote:
         | > That really isn't good value - most _carbon abatement
         | methods_ cost well under $100 per tonne.
         | 
         | You spelled "counterfeit carbon credit" wrong. There's no
         | carbon sequestration technology that can fix carbon at
         | industrial scale at that cost yet (and maybe never).
        
         | izacus wrote:
         | Until 2024 the budget for German Autobahn company ("subsidy")
         | was at 6.2bn EUR for comparison.
         | 
         | And this is JUST the roads. No other subsidies and incentives
         | given to car manufacturing and car transport.
        
         | the_gipsy wrote:
         | Many "other externalities" are priceless: Many poor people
         | cannot afford a car.
        
         | Scarblac wrote:
         | But the roads and cars are used less, which means they require
         | less maintenance. CO2 emission isn't the only pollution caused
         | by cars either. People get cheaper transport options available
         | to them.
         | 
         | All those other wins for society should be counted too, there
         | may not even be a cost left to count towards CO2 reduction.
         | 
         | But most importantly, taking 3 billion in taxes and handing
         | them out as subsidised pricing to some of the people isnt
         | really a cost (to society as a whole), it's an income
         | redistribution.
        
         | rmbyrro wrote:
         | Not everything has to be priced. Some things can be desired and
         | pursued, even if they don't make sense monetarily.
        
         | 7bit wrote:
         | If we look past carbon emission, we can see that the value is
         | much bigger.
         | 
         | You mention that the rail industry is already substantially
         | subsidized. What you did not mention is that the automotive
         | industry is as well. Roads are paid by state and republic. Car
         | purchases are often subsidized via a flat return by the
         | republic (which primarily benefits the rich). Petrol is also
         | subsidized.
         | 
         | Now all these automotive subsidiaries benefit only the people
         | who own cars, and much more the wealthy ones. In Germany, only
         | 43 million private households own a car. That's just roughly 50
         | %.
         | 
         | But if you get people to choose public transport over your
         | auto, then this benefits everyone. Better air quality, less
         | noise pollution, less streets and more space for pedestrians.
         | Anecdotally, a close neighbourhood removed some parking spots
         | in favour of space for local cafes and public benches with
         | plants. Removing just two parking spots give enough places for
         | 10 people to sit together and enjoy a sunny Sunday -- which
         | otherwise would be dead space occupied by the cars of two or
         | even one household.
        
         | briandear wrote:
         | How many tons of CO2 are in 1 degree of global temperature?
         | This idea that removing "a lot" is somehow "helping" just seems
         | hand-wavy to me. If the goal is "reduce temperatures," then
         | what precisely is the goal number? And then, how much CO2
         | equals that? And how much is the cost per degree to reduce and
         | what is the cost per degree to not reduce?
         | 
         | There is a lot of "modeling" but has anyone actually proven
         | "reducing 8000 tons of carbon reduces temperatures by n
         | degrees?" And is it beneficial to lower temperatures? Are there
         | benefits to higher temperatures that haven't been quantified?
         | 
         | Just seems like the plan is "spend whatever it takes forever"
         | -- when whatever it takes isn't even quantifiable. Basically
         | investing without ever knowing the return on the investment.
        
         | cromka wrote:
         | The cost of the road deaths is also significant and I think
         | it's safe to say it dropped as people switched to using rail.
        
         | chomskyole wrote:
         | If you recognise that there are other positive impacts that you
         | haven't allowed for, then why stating that your incomplete
         | assessment shows that it isn't good value? Does that show bias?
        
         | RobinL wrote:
         | In the short run, the trains are running anyway, so you might
         | as well fill them up.
         | 
         | This is something that particularly frustates me in the case of
         | buses the UK. They're ridiculously expensive (well, except for
         | the temporary current PS2 scheme), and empty. There seems to be
         | a political consensus that we should have them, so it would
         | make far more sense for them to be free in all instances,
         | except when demand is so high they're full (e.g. rush hour)
        
         | manmal wrote:
         | One other positive externality could be this: The health
         | effects of tire abrasion in cars are not clear yet, not least
         | because tire manufacturers don't disclose their ingredients.
         | For all we know these fine particulates could be as bad as
         | PFAS.
        
         | eru wrote:
         | Thanks for doing the math!
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | "social cost of driving" and "vehicle mile travelled" are two
         | key phrases that will lead you to research on various costs of
         | car travel e.g.
         | 
         | > The air pollution-related damage attributable to driving,
         | therefore, can be estimated at $10.7 billion to $41.6 billion
         | per year - an average of between $93 and $360 per U.S.
         | household per year.
        
         | m1n7 wrote:
         | did carbon dioxide write this?
        
         | graemep wrote:
         | They are certainly very big. Rail is extremely safe so you
         | reduce deaths and injuries from accidents. You reduce other
         | types of pollution. You make towns and cities a lot pleasanter.
         | You save individuals a lot of money.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | It's arguable that $100 per ton is a real carbon price.
         | 
         | It translates to about $1 a gallon tax on gasoline which is (a)
         | not enough to change people's behavior (at its peak gas was
         | almost $2 more than it is now and I drove just the same) but
         | (b) people in 2024 will complain bitterly about it anyway. That
         | is, polities are hypersensitized to that sort of imposed
         | solution right now: for a long time people in the US accepted
         | fluctuations in the gas price because it was seen as a market
         | price so we only had riots whenever a black person was shot by
         | the cops; in "normal" countries (including France and Egypt)
         | you have riots when the price of petroleum goes up because it
         | is seen as being controlled by the state. I think the US has
         | gotten more "normal" post COVID-19 and with GHG controls on the
         | horizon. $1 a gallon is not quite going to make EVs beat gas
         | but it certainly happens at a price below $500 a tonne.
         | 
         | Favorable CCS from industrial sources is quoted around $100 a
         | tonne but that is (c) from a plant that runs 24-7 (e.g. if your
         | natural gas plant runs 20% of the time the capital cost of CCS
         | is multiplied 5x at least disregarding that the plant might not
         | run well when it is starting up and shutting down) and (d) has
         | few realizations.
         | 
         | The biggest positive externality of rail is suppressed traffic
         | congestion, it is a big quality of life thing if you can avoid
         | sitting in a traffic jam. (Reminds me of posters I saw in
         | Germany that said _Zukunft onhe Stau_ )
         | 
         | I find rail tourism to be luxurious compared to motortourism in
         | that one gets to the center of town and doesn't need to stress
         | about parking, traffic and all that. Contrast that to the fight
         | to refuel your rental car at the airport.
        
           | klabb3 wrote:
           | Not disagreeing but it's important to point out that the US
           | is a different beast because of the car and roadway
           | dependency. In Europe a large part of the population lives in
           | places easily _reachable_ without a car. But in the US EVs
           | are completely central to reducing CO2 from transportation,
           | unless you'd rather rebuild the entire country. In Europe you
           | can make meaningful changes by simply improving, expanding,
           | investing in existing infrastructure. Most people I know who
           | have a car in EU region are not fully dependent, but enjoy
           | more convenience due to overcrowded or unreliable public
           | transit, grocery stores being further away etc. Those
           | problems are orders of magnitude easier to solve than "let's
           | build rail through a giant web of sparse suburbs".
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | When I spent a year in Dresden I greatly enjoyed using the
             | train instead of the plane for travel around the area as
             | far as London in one direction and Sunny Beach, Bulgaria in
             | the other. I lived close enough to walk to work and could
             | do a lot of shopping on foot (great bakery 2 blocks away, a
             | fancy chocolate store, a butcher, etc.) but sometimes used
             | the tram to go to the city center and to further out towns.
             | 
             | I was maybe 3-4 blocks from a regional rail or S-Bahn
             | station which that ticket entitles you to ride and it is a
             | great ticket that can get you to nearby mountains or the
             | Czech Republic or nearby cities like Leipzig. Really you
             | could ride across Germany on the S-Bahn comfortably
             | stopping where you want and staying overnight in a hotel
             | occasionally. Nothing beat those sleeper trains which
             | eliminated the hotel stay then you wake up in Dortmund and
             | change trains for Amsterdam.
             | 
             | (EMEA people in 1998 seemed more inclined to use airlines
             | than rail to go to distant domestic and international
             | cities, they had service that was better and cheaper than
             | the US; air service has become even more competitive in
             | EMEA since then)
             | 
             | Dresdenites I knew who had cars would drive them to the
             | appliance and furniture stores and even to nearby places
             | like Quedlinburg and even to Berlin, Munich, Bremen, etc.
             | with a resignation to traffic jams like that of the Los
             | Angelino.
             | 
             | Delivery service is far along in the US and I would expect
             | a truck to deliver anything larger than 7 cubic feet of
             | sawdust even on my farm so I don't need a truck. I have 8
             | horses but no trailer because we know many people who will
             | move a horse for us for less than a month's payment on a
             | big ass truck.
        
         | piombisallow wrote:
         | I do recognise that "X" may have other positive externalities,
         | but I don't know how to price any of them.
         | 
         | Modern policy in a nutshell.
        
         | konschubert wrote:
         | Having such a very heavy subsidy also makes transit very
         | dependent on the current political climate.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | It's pretty awesome, but it gets more expensive all the time.
       | 
       | First it started as 9EUR ticket for 3 months.
       | 
       | People loved it, and the government talked about doing a
       | permanent 29EUR ticket.
       | 
       | But now we pay 49EUR and it's already planned to become 59EUR.
       | 
       | Really sad, as it isn't affordable for poor people anymore.
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | > Really sad, as it isn't affordable for poor people anymore.
         | 
         | Depends. In my city "poor" people pay less. Just 19 EUR per
         | month. Pupils don't pay at all. Students pay 29.40 EUR.
        
         | kingkongjaffa wrote:
         | It's still super affordable for the average worker using these
         | tickets to commute.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | It's meant to be an alternative to car drivers which are still
         | gonna save over driving even with multiple hikes ahead.
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | Remember that it cost a small rent to get this subscription
         | until the 9EUR experiment. Flat fee national transport, I don't
         | remember the exact price but it's multiple hundreds a month in
         | both the Netherlands (NS altijd/trein vrij) and Germany
         | (Bahnkarte 100). Even my local subscription to go ~10km between
         | two cities in Germany (NRW) cost 90EUR a month until that
         | experiment
         | 
         | A nationwide subscription for 60 euros is a steal, even when
         | the long distance trains are excluded
        
           | dunefox wrote:
           | Except for people who simply don't have 60EUR a month easily,
           | so they're left out. Also, it will absolutely not stay at
           | 60EUR, it will become more expensive each year until the
           | local tickets are cheaper again - defeating the whole purpose
           | (if it won't be reverted outright after the next election,
           | which the conservatives will win).
        
             | Aachen wrote:
             | I'm not saying it shouldn't be free like in Luxembourg,
             | just made the comparison with how it has been for decades
             | until the recent 9EUR experiment and now ~60EUR
             | subscription. It's already a lot better than it used to be,
             | even if it's not perfect
             | 
             | Do you know how it works, actually, if you need to get to
             | work but can't because of the cost? If you can't afford
             | 60EUR then you also won't be able to afford a car that
             | costs probably >3x times as much for a barebones old model
             | when you include the necessary insurance, road tax, and
             | fuel. Burgergeld pays your rent afaik but do they front
             | e.g. costs when you get a job to actually get there until
             | your first paycheck? Can one apply for a public transport
             | subscription in low income situations?
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | It seems the problem might be that pricing is judged
         | independent from externalities. Same with cars and roads.
         | 
         | On the other hand, if price was set to zero, you would get
         | weird over-usage patterns (like people using it for housing or
         | other nonsense)
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Doesn't Germany have an extremely large social safety net?
         | 
         | Who are these poor people that don't have 49EUR for a month of
         | transportation, and how are they possibly surviving without
         | that much money - given the cost of everything else in Germany?
        
           | nisa wrote:
           | Well you'll usally have 563EUR/month as a single or
           | 506EUR/month if living with a partner. State pays health
           | insurance and rent (up to a certain limit in size of the
           | flat). In most cities it's further subsidized (25-29EUR for
           | the 49EUR ticket).
           | 
           | If that's enough depends a lot where you live, if you have
           | family or not and your livestyle.
           | 
           | You have to pay your energy bills (40-70EUR/month) and
           | internet / cell-phone (40-50EUR/month) for yourself.
           | 
           | If you are a healthy single it's perfectly fine if you life a
           | simple life. But you can't really put aside any savings.
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | The safety net also provides people with cheaper tickets. At
           | least in my city, the ticket costs much less for people who
           | depend on the social safety net.
        
           | slightwinder wrote:
           | > Doesn't Germany have an extremely large social safety net?
           | 
           | Yes, but people will still be greedy and complain about every
           | little thing.
           | 
           | > Who are these poor people that don't have 49EUR for a month
           | of transportation, and how are they possibly surviving
           | without that much money - given the cost of everything else
           | in Germany?
           | 
           | Germany can actually be quite cheap on the basic goods. I
           | mean, it's the country who invented the concept of discount-
           | market and is now spreading Aldi&Lidl to the world. There are
           | also many shops and programs for supporting poor people,
           | selling stuff for lower prices or second hand, and such
           | things. And of course this includes offering a lower price
           | for the ticket.
        
         | alwayslikethis wrote:
         | For a developed country, 59 EUR is not all that expensive if it
         | helps you get to a job. Having it be too cheap would probably
         | degrade the quality of service for busier routes and make it
         | harder for future projects to pay themselves off.
        
           | dunefox wrote:
           | In a highly developed and wealthy country it should be free.
        
         | braiamp wrote:
         | > First it started as 9EUR ticket for 3 months
         | 
         | Someone said in other comment that that 9 ticket was one time
         | only
         | 
         | > That was a time limited earlier ticket. "The tickets were
         | valid for June, July, or August 2022. The offer aimed at
         | reducing energy use amid the 2021-2022 global energy crisis."
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-Euro-Ticket
        
         | unglaublich wrote:
         | EUR59 is a steal. The goal is to move people to public
         | transport and strengthen economy, not to be a charity to folks
         | that want unlimited (!) transportation but don't have EUR
         | 60/month to show for it.
         | 
         | Even so, cities subsidize this ticket for the "poor", so
         | practically their costs are even lower.
        
         | RealStickman_ wrote:
         | The Swiss ride anywhere ticket is 4000 CHF annually [1]. (330
         | CHF/month -> 350 EUR/month)
         | 
         | That's still less than an average car. A commonly quoted figure
         | is 10'000 CHF per year. [2]
         | 
         | [1] https://www.sbb.ch/de/billette-angebote/abos/ga/ga-
         | preise.ht...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.comparis.ch/carfinder/autofahren/auto-kosten
        
           | graphenus wrote:
           | I find the comparis estimate an overestimate. Take their VW
           | Polo example. You would definitely not insure it for 1207 Fr
           | a year and an annual service is not 3000 Fr a year. You take
           | their estimate for VW Polo, put numbers a layman folk pays
           | for, and you will get a number around 5000 a year. If you buy
           | a second hand car, then you get a very competitive price to
           | the GA, but also get more flexibility.
           | 
           | I am not saying anyone should by a car, quite the contrary,
           | just stating the fact that 4000 Fr/yr is not competitive
           | enough to car.
        
           | dunefox wrote:
           | They earn A LOT more money in Switzerland than in Germany.
        
           | diffeomorphism wrote:
           | The German one is 4550EUR
           | 
           | https://www.bahn.de/angebot/bahncard/bahncard100
           | 
           | Quite comparable. The ticket discussed in the article in
           | contrast only includes local transportation but no high speed
           | rail.
        
         | slightwinder wrote:
         | > First it started as 9EUR ticket for 3 months.
         | 
         | That was a different Ticket. A highly subsidized time-limited
         | offer. It was never meant to be economical. The 49EUR is the
         | economical viable solution, after a long discussion, which
         | still is subsidized. And the 59EUR is just the rise to fine-
         | tune the price to actual usage and inflation.
         | 
         | > Really sad, as it isn't affordable for poor people anymore.
         | 
         | Poor people, as also students, get a lower price. Usually
         | around 19-29EUR. And many workers can get it through their
         | company, or can get something back from taxes. The amount of
         | people who are really paying the full price themselves is
         | probably not that high.
        
       | internetter wrote:
       | I made an argument for making my local public transportation
       | free: https://boehs.org/node/free-the-t
       | 
       | Some of the arguments is based on similar German research, which
       | is cited.
        
       | theendisney4 wrote:
       | The real puzzle imho is to get people to use public transport for
       | the mostly empty route and time combinations. There are many of
       | those for different reasons.
       | 
       | Trains are so heavy it doesnt really cost or save anything if
       | there are people inside or not.
       | 
       | Its like restaurants throwing away food.
        
         | owisd wrote:
         | The UK offers aggressive discounts for advance purchasing
         | tickets on long distance routes at quiet times, which works
         | well.
        
           | switch007 wrote:
           | Which are used to justify expensive non-Advance tickets.
           | 
           | PS80 if I have the audacity to go to greater London today
           | without having planned ahead (3 hour journey + tube). And the
           | same cost coming back - off peak of course. PS160! Vs PS55 in
           | petrol
           | 
           | Travel at quieter times to benefit from cheaper off peak
           | tickets they used to say. Hah.
        
             | timeinput wrote:
             | And with strikes, weather related closures, maintenance
             | closures, etc I end up having to rebook my ticket at the
             | last minute.
             | 
             | I'd say half of the advanced purchased journeys end up
             | costing me more than just booking the train the day of.
        
               | switch007 wrote:
               | Yes! Now we are getting on to the true cost of advanced
               | tickets.
               | 
               | Fines for making mistakes, rebooking fees, rebooking and
               | having to pay a higher fare, lost tickets because
               | sometimes it's just easier to book a new ticket, losing
               | out when unwell etc...
               | 
               | I bet they make a tidy sum from unused advance tickets
               | 
               | (Great Britain specific):
               | 
               | Although worth noting when it's out of your control the
               | railway does have to offer you options. You don't have
               | 100% of the liability.
               | 
               | And if your train is cancelled you're entitled to take
               | the one before/after for example or get a refund
               | 
               | Though they do make this difficult these days
        
           | fire_lake wrote:
           | Does it though? Trains are almost empty most of the time.
        
       | overflyer wrote:
       | Which I as a German simply fail to fathom. The quality of our
       | Deutsche Bahn is so bad I would never drive by train. The worst
       | thing is that they are incapable to have their trains be on time.
       | Whenever you travel there is an extremely high chance you will
       | not arrive at your destination in time.
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | Not every trip is time sensitive, most trains do run on time,
         | and not all trains are operated by your nemesis. If you still
         | refuse to "ever" take a train anywhere, that's on you rather
         | than the system
        
         | patall wrote:
         | Because it is a regional problem and some areas work mostly
         | fine. I also fail to fanthom why people drive in rush hour,
         | queuing every day for hours. Yet people do that. And people
         | love to complain, especially those that only take trains on
         | public holidays. But hey, here in Sweden the trains are worse
         | than in Germany, but people complain far less and trains are
         | full anyways.
        
         | locallost wrote:
         | It's still more punctual than going by car. I can't remember
         | any long distance car trip where I wasn't stuck in traffic and
         | my trip was much longer than predicted by the navigation
         | system.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | The regional trains (which the ticket applies to) are much
         | better than the long-distance trains:
         | https://www.deutschebahn.com/de/konzern/konzernprofil/zahlen...
        
       | hankchinaski wrote:
       | Would be interesting to see if the subsidy is covered by
       | additional economic activity to cover the shortfall. If not it
       | won't last long, money doesn't grow on trees
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | On the other hand the Bundeswehr burns through 50 billion a
         | year to do fuck all, so apparently it does indeed grow on
         | trees.
        
           | contravariant wrote:
           | Military spending is a bit of an odd one. It's basically
           | expensive by design and ideally doesn't have any real effect.
           | 
           | It's not far off from a proof-of-work system. Especially
           | given how there are many _cheaper_ options to get rid of an
           | enemy, but those have been outlawed such that the only
           | options remaining are costly in people, money and goods.
        
             | jenadine wrote:
             | > there are many cheaper options to get rid of an enemy,
             | but those have been outlawe
             | 
             | I'm curious. What are these options?
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Nukes, I think they mean nukes. Though "cheaper" is kind
               | of debatable there, a fleet of SSBNs isn't cheap by any
               | measure.
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | It does when maintaining roads, apparently.
        
         | DoingIsLearning wrote:
         | Someone in the comments mentioned this costs 3B per year when
         | in comparison Germany spends 20B per year on Oil/Gas
         | subsidies/tax benefits.
         | 
         | Arguably if more people are using rail it can become palatable
         | to shift that money away from the tax benefits and subsidies
         | for Oil which (equally) artificially lower fuel prices from
         | real market prices (and which people seem to have no problem
         | with).
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | I have to admit the 'all access' ticket system was pretty awesome
       | when I visited. Note that this did not include trains going into
       | Austria (even if you road them only in Germany). Nearly every
       | city is joined by rail and it's incredible.
       | 
       | Sadly in the US Midwest we just don't have there population
       | density to do this sort of thing.
        
       | ggernov wrote:
       | The reason nobody uses public transit in America is it's always
       | packed with transients or dangerous people.
       | 
       | I took public transit all the time living in Melbourne since it
       | was clean and silent nearly 98% of the time. Same in the
       | Netherlands.
        
         | tantivy wrote:
         | Hundreds of thousands of people use public transit daily in
         | America. Long headways, poor coverage, and lackluster
         | maintenance budgets are a much more important problem than what
         | you're describing.
        
           | jahnu wrote:
           | I take your point but the reality is millions use it daily.
           | Also where it is better more use it. Which is the important
           | point lost to many.
        
         | partiallypro wrote:
         | I think this is one reason why it is rarely expanded, people
         | associate the stops as a way for criminals to get around; but I
         | think usage is not great largely because it hasn't
         | expanded...it's a self-feeding cycle.
        
         | add-sub-mul-div wrote:
         | > The reason nobody uses public transit in America is it's
         | always packed with transients or dangerous people.
         | 
         | That's a lie told by people who sell fear as a product to
         | people who always want new reasons to live in fear.
        
           | WorkerBee28474 wrote:
           | Remember folks, if someone says they don't want to ride
           | transit with a hobo smoking meth, they're lying and they're a
           | bad person. Even if they've previously experienced it
           | firsthand.
        
           | itqwertz wrote:
           | I spent years riding public transit in Portland, NYC,
           | Seattle, SF, San Diego, Chicago, and other US cities. I can
           | tell you anecdotally that public transit in the US is
           | dangerous and meant for the poors who don't have their shit
           | together to level up and commute via car.
           | 
           | Ride 8AM and 5PM every workday for a year and tell me that
           | it's safe when you roll through the bad parts of Long Island/
           | brooklyn/Queens or the south side of Chicago. Tell me that
           | you don't have to take the inconvenient early train because
           | of nTh handicap ramp pickup or last-mile cyclist that slows
           | down your commute. Security on transit only cares about fare
           | collection. The US is not like Europe where there is some
           | latent pride in your ancestors accomplishments.
        
             | jahnu wrote:
             | European here. Spent a week in NYC with a 9 month old.
             | Traveled all over 4 of the 5 boroughs and never felt in the
             | slightest threatened. The only major issue was the lack of
             | elevators. Fortunately NYC people are really friendly and
             | helped us with the stroller every time.
        
               | rawgabbit wrote:
               | Maybe you came at the right time?
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/world/us/new-york-
               | deploy-750-nationa...
               | 
               | https://ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/politics/2024/05/02/new-
               | tea...
        
               | jahnu wrote:
               | It was back in 2013. Oh god... feels like only yesterday
               | but it's been 11 years :(
        
           | ckdarby wrote:
           | I used to live in Toronto in 2019 to 2020 and used the
           | transit exclusively.
           | 
           | I return as a visitor of Toronto every quarter for work and
           | there are many times where I Uber instead of TTC because of
           | these comments. Even slightly busy at 4-5 PM there's always
           | folks who have hit the gym and skipped showering and most
           | days there's "something" happening on the TTC.
        
             | david-gpu wrote:
             | Motorists in Toronto have killed 34 people so far this year
             | and seriously injured an additional 146 [0].
             | 
             | Meanwhile the TTC, with daily ridership in the million
             | people range [0] has seen one homicide [2].
             | 
             | Which one is safer?
             | 
             | [0] https://www.toronto.ca/services-payments/streets-
             | parking-tra...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.ttc.ca/transparency-and-
             | accountability/Operating...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.blogto.com/city/2024/06/outrage-person-
             | murdered-...
        
           | JimTheMan wrote:
           | This platitude doesn't make the back seats of a greyhound bus
           | any more palatable.
           | 
           | God they were cheap tickets though..
        
           | potato3732842 wrote:
           | >That's a lie told by people who sell fear as a product to
           | people who always want new reasons to live in fear.
           | 
           | They don't just sell fear. They sell confirmation bias too.
           | 
           | The man who lives in an ivory tower in the suburbs is happy
           | to read the news about a stabbing on the subway as it makes
           | him feel less bad for not putting his money where his mouth
           | is and riding it himself.
        
             | insane_dreamer wrote:
             | And he pays no attention to the reports about car crashes
             | on the road because those aren't even reported.
        
         | DoreenMichele wrote:
         | I wish public transit served homeless people as well as a lot
         | of folks like to imagine it does.
         | 
         | A lot of homeless aren't "transients." They aren't _just
         | passing through._
         | 
         | If we had excellent public transit to make it easier for
         | homeless people to travel at will, maybe they would be. And
         | maybe their lives would be overall better and they would get
         | less open hatred for being poor and unhoused in a world making
         | it increasingly challenging to get housing for far too many
         | people.
        
           | mplewis wrote:
           | 80% of homelessness in the USA is transitional, i.e. someone
           | lost a job or had an injury and needs time to get back on
           | their feet.
        
             | DoreenMichele wrote:
             | Transient: _a person who is staying or working in a place
             | for only a short time._
             | 
             | I don't think most people mean someone is only temporarily
             | homeless when they call them transients.
        
               | createaccount99 wrote:
               | In the same spirit, I never really associate the meaning
               | of "transient" as "someone passing through," rather it's
               | just a word for "homeless person" for me.
        
         | rsynnott wrote:
         | I was in San Francisco recently, and, okay, maybe San Francisco
         | is special or something, but the public transport seemed
         | basically fine? Insofar as it existed; coverage wasn't great,
         | but it didn't seem particularly threatening where it existed.
        
           | EasyMark wrote:
           | BART is different than most systems. Generally people are
           | talking about buses in my experience. Most trains/subways are
           | relatively tame compared to buses. I was carless for a couple
           | of years in college and had to live off campus to afford rent
           | and riding the bus I encountered more than a few times that
           | made me nervous.
        
         | panick21_ wrote:
         | This is just false. In the US, when public transport is good by
         | the same measures as other countries use, such as frequency,
         | coverage and so on, Americans use public transport just fine.
         | 
         | The real reason, rather then looking at the most basic surface
         | level is actually the horrible land use planning and the
         | horrible transportation and city engineering. This includes
         | things like zoning, building regulation, environmental
         | regulation and many other things.
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | The main reason is because Americans are unbelievably wealthy
         | and can afford large homes that require multiple cars for the
         | family to get around. It's a positive sign of American
         | prosperity and the envy of the world hence the massive
         | immigration demand and relative lack of expatriatism.
         | 
         | If America gets to a point where that's no longer possible and
         | people have to live in smaller and more densely populated areas
         | not by choice but by necessity then the country is truly in
         | decline.
         | 
         | Let the Germans cram themselves into smaller homes and trains.
         | I truly hope Americans can continue to prosper and acquire
         | comfortable homes with more utility and private transport
         | powered by cheap energy for all.
        
           | insane_dreamer wrote:
           | That's a nice but false narrative. The Swiss are wealthier
           | than the Americans and yet they use public transport
           | extensively.
        
             | lolc wrote:
             | Good public infra is wealth with much higher utility than
             | private infra.
        
               | nemo44x wrote:
               | Roads are public infra. I agree they should be kept in
               | good order.
        
           | occz wrote:
           | This reads like satire, but I'm not sure that it is and it's
           | frightening me a bit.
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | What's satirical about it? Why would people want a world
             | where they are forced to live on top of each other in small
             | places if they don't have to due to plentiful energy and
             | vast material wealth?
             | 
             | If some new age Protestant needs to live worse to fulfill
             | some spiritual hole then they can do it. But everyone else
             | wants a large yard, comfortable home with many rooms, nice
             | cars, and well maintained infrastructure to drive and park.
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | That is pure BS. At least as some general sweeping statement.
        
         | mayneack wrote:
         | This is a vast oversimplification. Lots Angles Metro keeps
         | posting month over month increases in ridership despite the
         | perceive danger and unsavory experience.
         | 
         | I'm sure cleaner cars would help at the margins. Speed,
         | convenience, comfortable, and cost all matter.
        
         | softveda wrote:
         | The current government in Queensland Australia announced 50c
         | fares for 6 months trial. There is an election this month, the
         | gov declared it will be made permanent, the opposition which is
         | tipped to win has so far maintained they will also keep it. It
         | has boosted PT travel significantly.
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/oct/11/the-b...
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | This last week we would've probably all seen the photos of the
       | gridlock on I-75 as Tampa Bay residents fled Hurricane Milton. If
       | you followed the story you know it eventually became almost
       | impossible to evacuate.
       | 
       | We should also know how much more efficient buses are on roads at
       | moving people than individual cars are. You can fit ~60 people on
       | a bus that takes up the space of ~2 cars.
       | 
       | What should happen in these emergencies is there should be
       | dedicated bus lanes and dedicates buses to evacuate people.
       | 
       | But beyond that, what we should learn from this is that lack of
       | public transit (intracity and intercity) is a public safety
       | issue. Cars simply aren't an efficient use of resources.
       | 
       | You can see from the comments here people will talk about
       | "subsidies" for rail. Why does rail need to turn a profit? Roads
       | don't. The Post Office doesn't. The Fire Department doesn't. Yet
       | for some reason we hold public transport infrastructure to a
       | higher standard.
       | 
       | Americans, in particular, love their cars. And there has been a
       | powerful lobbying operation to associate rail with tax increases.
       | This is so short-sighted because nobody is confiscating your car.
       | Fewer people on the roads will improve your driving experience
       | and travel times.
       | 
       | We see in the UK that it's cheaper to fly to Spain than to take
       | intercity train journeys. As far as I'm concerned, citywide rail
       | (eg the Tube in London, the NYC Subway) should be free and
       | intercity rail should have a nominal cost that is cheaper than
       | driving.
        
         | BlueTemplar wrote:
         | In some ways, it's all kind of moot, since the current usage of
         | cars, trucks, planes is all unsustainable on short timescales
         | (decades).
         | 
         | Bus and rail is likely to be unsustainable for much longer
         | (centuries ?).
        
       | lagrange77 wrote:
       | Am i a communist when i prefer a government to operate and
       | provide basic services like the public transport system, the
       | postal system, the telecommunication/internet service or prisons
       | either paid by taxes or by fees, that don't generate profit
       | beyond paying the costs, instead of using taxes to rescue
       | bankrupt banks and companies?
       | 
       | EDIT: Oh and hospitals!
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | No. That's not even socialist.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | > Am i a communist
         | 
         | Even if you were, is that really a bad thing? Why do we
         | demonize communism (and socialism ) so much ?
         | 
         | Poor implementation in Soviet Union or in PRC that is only seen
         | through the color of propaganda with the inherent cultural and
         | ideological biases is hardly a good basis for judging a
         | movement that was a response to centuries of extreme worker
         | exploitation in direct result industrialization and raise of
         | machines.
         | 
         | Are there really bad ideas in socialism ? yes of course, there
         | are bad ideas in late stage capitalism or in any free market
         | system or any system.
         | 
         | We learn and try to take to best from all economic systems not
         | demonize any of them.
        
           | lagrange77 wrote:
           | > Even if you were, is that really a bad thing?
           | 
           | I noticed, that it sounded like that after i submitted the
           | comment. Was not intended.
           | 
           | > Are there really bad ideas in socialism ? yes of course,
           | there are bad ideas in late stage capitalism or in any free
           | market system or any system.
           | 
           | I totally agree.
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | Otto von Bismarck introduced much of the social safety net in
         | Germany, incl. health insurance (in 1883). He definitely was
         | not a communist. He once called it "practical christianity"
         | ("praktisches Christentum").
        
           | ossobuco wrote:
           | After all Jesus was a proto-socialist, wasn't he?
        
         | Ylpertnodi wrote:
         | Ah, socialism. Well, that's what we call it.
        
       | WuxiFingerHold wrote:
       | How many people used the tracking app for how long? How were they
       | chosen?
       | 
       | The study would be flawed if the group is not chosen to represent
       | correctly the entire population. E.g., if they called for
       | volunteers using the app, mostly people will apply that are
       | engaged in climate change mitigation anyway and / or are in the
       | target market for the 49 Euro ticket.
        
         | pentacent_hq wrote:
         | The data are based on cellphone tower data and app tracking
         | data which, according to them [1] "is based on millions of app
         | tracking movement patterns [...] [and was shown by] Koch et al
         | (2023) to be representative for the population of car-owners"
         | 
         | [1] https://mcc-berlin-ariadne.shinyapps.io/dticket-tracker/
        
       | guelermus wrote:
       | It was one of the most intelligent ( and rare) decision the
       | government took. Off course, there are parties loosing money like
       | car manufacturers and oil producers.
        
         | isodev wrote:
         | That's a double win in my book.
        
         | Fanmade wrote:
         | I agree. I still have to rely on my car for basically
         | everything because the same government also fucked up the rail
         | system so severely that it barely works in my region. When I
         | moved from a small village to the city, I sold my car and
         | wanted to use public transportation for everything. I'm not
         | fond of driving, especially in cities, so this looked like a
         | no-brainer. I had my first bad experiences quickly when I
         | learned that public transportation wasn't anywhere as reliable
         | as I previously thought.
         | 
         | I had to choose between going to work 45 minutes earlier (of
         | course, unpaid and without the possibility of leaving earlier)
         | or risking being too late half the time. I had to travel
         | further for my next job, but I thought it would be better
         | because it was another connection. I was wrong. It was usually
         | better in the mornings, but my way home usually took between
         | 1,5 and 3 hours instead of the planned 45 minutes.
         | 
         | The next job I chose only because there, at least, I could take
         | the S-Bahn instead of the Deutsche Bahn Trains, and it was a
         | direct connection, which was way more reliable. But it was very
         | loud, very smelly, cold in winter, and very hot in summer (I
         | remember having a working AC twice in the four years that I
         | traveled that line), and there were (not always empty) beer
         | bottles rolling around the floor almost all the time. I always
         | paid for the entire year in advance, so the 90-minute daily
         | drive did cost a little more than 220 Euros monthly. Otherwise,
         | it would have been even more expensive. So, the current ticket
         | would have improved that, at least financially. Now, I barely
         | take the train anymore.
         | 
         | I broke my ankle so badly in my youth that the doctors told me
         | that they had to completely cut it open from both sides to see
         | if they could improve it in any way. They also said that there
         | was a strong possibility that I would wake up with a fused
         | ankle after the operation. They recommended I only do that when
         | the pain becomes unbearable, which I am now waiting for. So, I
         | am permanently in pain, and walking is terrible for me. Still,
         | when I have to go to the nearby city center, I prefer walking
         | for 45 minutes instead of taking the 10-minute trip by train.
         | That is what relying on German public transportation for more
         | than ten years did to me. I tried that train connection
         | multiple times before and stopped after it took me over an hour
         | twice (after about five trips total).
         | 
         | Disclaimer: It is not that bad everywhere in Germany. That's
         | why I wrote "in my region" in the beginning. Within Berlin, for
         | example, I had good experiences with public transportation.
         | Well, at least regarding its availability. There were still
         | junkies in there. And homeless people who smelled like they
         | were living on that train for at least a few weeks. But well,
         | that's another topic.
        
         | iggldiggl wrote:
         | It's also a decision where the federal government tries to take
         | the credit, but in case of any financial shortfalls, for now
         | municipalities and counties (and as far as regional railways
         | services are concerned, the states, too, to some extent) will
         | be left holding the short end of the stick, because the federal
         | and state revenue support for the reduced fare comes with a
         | hard cap.
         | 
         | While currently even the federal government is subject to the
         | so-called Schuldenbremse ("debt brake"), municipalities and
         | counties are under much stronger legal obligations to balance
         | their budgets, and in a lot of states, public transport is an
         | entirely voluntary matter for municipalities to provide (and
         | even where it isn't, the mandated minimum obligation probably
         | won't entice anybody to take public transport if you don't have
         | to), which starts mattering in a budget crunch.
         | 
         | Already the first major cities have threatened future service
         | cuts. For now that may just be political posturing, but it's
         | still not what you would want to hear in that context, and
         | certainly doesn't serve to encourage people getting rid of
         | their cars, either.
        
       | nnurmanov wrote:
       | Is it a good practice when you give out blanket subsidies? Does
       | targeted subsidies work better and are cost effective? I am
       | researching this topic applied to taxation field.
        
         | mondaymusings wrote:
         | Targeted subsidies entail explicit extra administrative costs
         | and implicit costs (or benefit omissions) when some eligibles
         | do not receive the subsidy due to e.g. paperwork friction. The
         | alternative is universal benefits + taxes. See
         | https://www.peoplespolicyproject.org/2022/11/11/universal-be...
        
       | kombine wrote:
       | I just returned from a trip in Germany back to the UK and I find
       | it frustrating that we don't have such a ticket in this country.
        
         | alfanick wrote:
         | I moved some years ago from Dresden, Saxony, Germany to
         | Rheintal, Switzerland - looking for some bigger mountains. In
         | Dresden-area there was a nice 4-people day ticket for the whole
         | area - <20EUR for 4 people total. Switzerland? Every guest
         | spends at least 50CHF per person per day, wild.
        
       | luplex wrote:
       | Even at 58EUR/month, it's great value for me, as my employer pays
       | half the price and I live in a big city.
       | 
       | If you live in a smaller town or in the countryside, then your
       | problem really isn't the price of public transport, but the
       | quality.
        
       | cbmuser wrote:
       | > It statistically evaluated mobile phone and car movement data
       | for Germany
       | 
       | How do you obtain car movement data if not by tracking cell
       | phones?
        
         | tastroder wrote:
         | Their accompanying website [0] says mobile phone data comes
         | from teralytix while car movement data is sourced through inrix
         | [1], which appears to gather data through navigation apps of
         | some sort (vague as can be expected but the linked paper [2]
         | claims that).
         | 
         | [0] https://mcc-berlin-ariadne.shinyapps.io/dticket-tracker/
         | 
         | [1] https://inrix.com/
         | 
         | [2] https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4526796
        
       | cdrini wrote:
       | The 49 euro ticket is a phenomenally good deal. Normal transit
       | tickets vary per city, but for example in Berlin it's 3.50 per
       | trip. So if you take transit twice a day for 7 days, you already
       | recoup the cost of the Deutschland ticket, which lasts the entire
       | month! This makes it good even for tourists who stay for ~a week.
       | 
       | At 59, it's 9 days of two trips to recoup the cost -- still very
       | worth it for someone living in Germany, but a bit more borderline
       | for a tourist.
       | 
       | Compare with eg Toronto's monthly pass, which is $156. A single
       | trip is $3.35, which comes out to 24 two-trip days to recoup the
       | cost of the card. That's almost exactly the number of business
       | days in a month. And that card's only for Toronto!
        
         | dunefox wrote:
         | After the next elections, I fully expect it (and cannabis) to
         | be reversed by the CDU, who will win without a doubt.
        
           | diffeomorphism wrote:
           | It is somewhat popular, so I doubt they will kill it
           | outright. Rather I would guess they "reform" it: lots of
           | variants, much higher price, beaurocratic hoops... and then
           | when people stop using it, say "see, it wasn't so great after
           | all".
           | 
           | Same playbook in the UK, where people like the NHS but
           | certain parties don't.
           | 
           | Same playbook in the US, where "big government" has to be
           | bad, so anything that does currently work well gets
           | sabotaged.
        
         | grues-dinner wrote:
         | A London monthly travel card is PS235 from zone 4 and PS300
         | from zone 6. That's 420 to 540 CAD, and you get the pleasure of
         | sweating in the tunnels, freezing on the overground platforms
         | waiting for the next train 30 minutes and cancellations left
         | right and centre.
         | 
         | At least they've finally got their shit together with mobile
         | coverage.
         | 
         | Of course you get to use the buses too for that, and some of
         | those were run by DB until this year, so it's nice to have been
         | subsiding the the nice German tickets! They sold up to private
         | equity, because of course they did, it's Britain and everything
         | has to be private equity.
        
       | pimeys wrote:
       | My favorite part of this deal is how you can use the same ticket
       | in every city in Germany. Before you had to learn which app to
       | install and then go through the (usually) broken registration
       | setup. And you needed to learn the zones too.
       | 
       | Now I just arrive to a city and hop into the transport method of
       | my choice.
        
         | sureglymop wrote:
         | This is my favorite thing about transport in Switzerland. If
         | you have a general subscription you can use trains, buses, even
         | ships. There are exceptions such as privately ran gondolas
         | going up to mountains but mostly you can just go anywhere
         | without worrying about it.
        
       | your_drunk_dad wrote:
       | No amount of subsidy will make me give up my car. Obviously I
       | also use trains but having a car is just too convenient in some
       | situations and in some places not having a car is just
       | disability.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | The ticket achieves most of its goal even if you keep your car
         | for the more annoying edge cases but move a significant
         | fraction of your trips from car to rail.
        
       | insane_dreamer wrote:
       | I don't understand why, given that Germans are generally quite
       | precise - German engineering and manufacturing is world-famous
       | for a reason, why DBahn can't get the trains to run on time. This
       | isn't Italy after all. The Swiss and Japanese manage to do it.
       | Can someone explain?
        
         | pahn wrote:
         | It's money. If you look at investement into the railway system
         | per capita, Italy actually spends more on their railway system
         | than Germany: https://www.allianz-pro-
         | schiene.de/presse/pressemitteilungen...
        
         | dingensundso wrote:
         | Mismanagement. Years of cutting maintenance and personell to
         | make profits.
        
         | diffeomorphism wrote:
         | DBahn was privatized in a way that combines the worst of both
         | worlds: private but 100% owned by the state. Opaque labyrinth
         | of 600 subcompanies.
         | 
         | Also, some textbook examples of bad incentives. For example,
         | repairing bridges is paid by DB. If a bridge is beyond repair,
         | then the tax payer pays. Predictable result: doing hardly any
         | maintenance until the bridge fails. (That example is by now
         | fixed, but shows the clear lack of planning)
         | 
         | Finally, the system is just over capacity. Many more trains but
         | same infrastructure as decades ago. If you got rid of half the
         | schedule and used a swiss-like system of stopping several
         | minutes at every station, the trains could be on time. But the
         | trains already are overcrowded, so then what do you do with all
         | the passengers?
        
         | slightwinder wrote:
         | It's the classical combo of poor budget and conflicting
         | budgeting with aging infrastructure and bad management. DB was
         | privatized 20, 30 years ago, but parts of the infrastructure is
         | public property and managed by the state. So DB willingly let
         | rot them until the state will start renewing, which does take
         | ages of course. At the same time, DB also started saving
         | significant money, because that's what private companies are
         | doing, so they removed parts of the infrastructure, which later
         | started harming the planing on a nationwide level. And on top
         | of this, there are parts of the infrastructure which are
         | literally up to 150 years old, but still in use for whatever
         | reason.
         | 
         | Or in other words: classical underfunded, overused legacy
         | system showing its age.
        
           | iggldiggl wrote:
           | > At the same time, DB also started saving significant money,
           | because that's what private companies are doing, so they
           | removed parts of the infrastructure
           | 
           | As strongly encouraged by their regulators (the
           | Bundesnetzagentur and the Eisenbahnbundesamt), though, too,
           | because for a long time the main political mandate regarding
           | the railways was mainly to save money.
        
         | sunaookami wrote:
         | Because it's a cliche that's untrue since at least the 90s.
        
         | DiogenesKynikos wrote:
         | Germans are generally quite precise, which can be both good and
         | bad. It can mean that things are done correctly, but it can
         | also mean that people waste endless time obsessing over how to
         | exactly implement every minute detail of a rule.
         | 
         | Just to give you an example of the latter: a Vietnamese-German
         | woman (a German citizen who speaks German natively) was
         | recently in the news because the local authorities have refused
         | to issue her baby a birth certificate for over 6 months.[0]
         | When she went to get a birth certificate, the authorities told
         | her that her last name, Le Nguyen - which already appears on
         | all of her German documents - does not meet their standards.
         | They refuse to issue a birth certificate for her baby until she
         | changes her last name to something the German regulations
         | allow.
         | 
         | To make the situation even more absurd, the problem is that the
         | German regulations state that double family names do not exist
         | in Vietnamese (surprise: they do).[1] If the mother had a
         | French double name, it would be no problem.
         | 
         | The problem is not even the baby's last name - it has the
         | father's last name. The problem is that the birth certificate
         | has to list the mother and father, and the authorities refuse
         | to write the _mother 's_ name.
         | 
         | Instead of just giving the mother a bit of leeway and issuing a
         | birth certificate, the authorities insist on inflexibly
         | following some completely incomprehensible interpretation of
         | the regulations. Suddenly, after thirty-something years of
         | living in Germany, this lady has to suddenly change her last
         | name, and until she does that, her baby - a German citizen -
         | has no official documentation and cannot receive any government
         | benefits.
         | 
         | Repeat this daily across many aspects of daily life, and you
         | can see how it would become a problem.
         | 
         | 0. https://www.tagesschau.de/inland/regional/berlin/rbb-
         | keine-g...
         | 
         | 1. https://www.rbb24.de/panorama/beitrag/2024/10/interview-
         | berl...
        
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