[HN Gopher] Germany's 49-euro ticket resulted in significant shi...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Germany's 49-euro ticket resulted in significant shift from road to
       rail
        
       Author : mpweiher
       Score  : 264 points
       Date   : 2024-10-12 14:47 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.mcc-berlin.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.mcc-berlin.net)
        
       | server_man3000 wrote:
       | Didn't this start as unlimited anywhere for 9 euros no strings
       | attached?
       | 
       | I LOVE the German transit system (although Denmark wins in
       | cleanliness). However, Germany is a bit predatory with this new
       | system. You can ONLY purchase this ticket as a subscription
       | model. If you're a tourist, you must cancel before the 10th of
       | the month or you get auto rebilled.
       | 
       | Additionally, there are so many apps that resell the ticket as
       | some white label system, so it was very confusing to purchase
       | (you cannot buy them at the machines).
       | 
       | The price hike is the wrong direction here if we are reducing
       | that much time on the road. Kudos though for the great rail
       | systems. The USA has a lot to learn here and it's baffling how
       | terrible it is here. I doubt I'd ever need a car in Germany given
       | the rail system was much more convenient. In the USA I spend
       | 10-15 mins trying to park any time I go anywhere
        
         | luto wrote:
         | It started with 9EUR, is 49EUR now, and will be 58EUR starting
         | 2025.
         | 
         | You can buy for a single month when booking through the right
         | company. "mo.pal" is a good one, for example. However, I agree
         | that it is a bit predatory.
        
         | geraldwhen wrote:
         | Germany is smaller than California. The United States is very,
         | very large place, mostly unpopulated. It's hard to apply
         | whatever Germany, a small, densely populated country does to
         | the US, which is largely empty land.
        
           | waveBidder wrote:
           | Look, nobody is talking about Nebraska. the density of the
           | east coast is easily high enough to support high speed high
           | quality rail.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | That's why they call it "flyover country". Not "railover
             | country".
        
           | Larrikin wrote:
           | Why do we have to pretend that routes between Montana and
           | South Dakota have to come up when discussing ways of
           | improving rail usage in the US? We could treat routes between
           | Chicago, Milwaukee, and Indianapolis like Germany. We could
           | treat high speed rail in California or the Northeast like
           | Japan. Choosing to live in an extremely rural area shouldn't
           | just be a "well it doesn't help" me trump card to defeat
           | things that will help most of the population.
        
             | ryandrake wrote:
             | Exactly. Always _somebody_ trots out invalid arguments
             | about size and population density. There are smaller states
             | in the USA that are about as dense as Germany, like
             | Maryland and Connecticut. So, why don 't those states have
             | great state-wide public transit systems?
        
             | adamc wrote:
             | The politics at the national level are likely to be that
             | states not helped by this vote against it.
        
               | twodave wrote:
               | Yep, federal income tax is a big reason. For states to
               | fund this on their own requires additional taxation. Some
               | places like FL don't even have a state income tax, so
               | they are stuck trying to get tourists to fund
               | transportation projects somehow or increasing sales taxes
               | or higher tolls. And of course higher tolls have the
               | unfortunate side effect of reducing demand for the thing
               | to begin with.
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | Maybe we should work on making one vote to be equal in
               | the nation.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | This is a boring trope. Whether it's a group of United
               | States or a single State is a debate as old as the
               | country. You're going to need really compelling reasons
               | for states to give up their representation and
               | participate in the state vote required to amend the
               | constitution to remove their rights.
        
             | BirAdam wrote:
             | Another significant issue is that the USA wasn't built for
             | rail, and to do so now requires sign off by land owners,
             | municipalities, and so on. The amount NIMBY-oriented
             | policies in California, for example, is a serious
             | impediment. Oddly, people cite rural areas as an issue, but
             | rural areas aren't typically an issue. It would be
             | comparably inexpensive to run high speed rail over
             | undeveloped land, while tearing up buildings, roads, water,
             | sewer, and power would be tremendously costly. For much of
             | Europe, rail transport was put in place long before
             | automobiles became commonplace. For much of the USA, the
             | cities didn't even exist at that time, and they were mostly
             | built around automobiles.
        
             | tetha wrote:
             | We also have a similarly frustrating kind of arguments in
             | germany itself.
             | 
             | Like, focus on public transport won't work. Because in some
             | tiny towns of 30k people living there, there is never a bus
             | around so why care? Like... dude. In Hamburg, we have
             | subway stations that move more people in minutes than
             | people live in your town. Yes, it may not work on your
             | case. Your case is however a side note. It needs
             | consideration, but not focus.
             | 
             | Or electric vehicles. There are interesting questions about
             | electric vehicles in uncontrolled situations, emergency
             | services and long-distance situations. As well as regions
             | without a good charging infrastructure. Yes. These are
             | problematic. Except, most likely, more unique cars drive
             | past my window in an hour on a workday than exist in that
             | tiny town. Just keep your ICE car for the trip to spain you
             | never take by car, but we should optimize the vehicles in
             | cities. Again, it needs consideration, but not focus.
        
             | kortilla wrote:
             | Because those states are part of the same federal
             | government and they have a say in what the federal
             | government does. These rail systems almost always require
             | federal government level investments.
        
           | shantara wrote:
           | And how many people regularly commute across the United
           | States? The absolute majority of the journeys people make
           | regularly is still quite short, so why not start by
           | optimizing for them? Then continue with building high speed
           | intercity connections between the urban areas with <500 km
           | distance to create valuable alternatives to being stuck in
           | the highway traffic and dealing with the airport security
           | nonsense.
           | 
           | Why do you always think that you need to reinvent a tried and
           | true solutions that have been proven to work across the
           | world?
        
             | Dylan16807 wrote:
             | Also even if you're worried about going cross-country, that
             | requires what, two fast lines between the coasts to get
             | good routes? So even though those areas don't have many
             | people per square mile, passing through would need an
             | extremely small amount of track per square mile.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | 1. CA is the 3rd largest state in the USA. Do any of the 47
           | smaller states have something like this?
           | 
           | 2. As the unpopulated bits necessarily don't have many people
           | or things to do in them, the cost of subsidising a public
           | transit ticket in those places is necessarily small.
        
         | oersted wrote:
         | I don't have the details, but every single time I have heard
         | the mention of Deutsche Bahn in the last few years it has been
         | accompanied by comments of how broken it has become, with
         | constant delays and cancellations, to the point where for many
         | people it is no longer a viable option for commute or for
         | anything where you cannot risk to be up to several hours late.
         | 
         | I guess it's all relative. If you come to rely on an excellent
         | and omnipresent rail service for many years as a society, the
         | impacts are quite big when it stops working well. If the
         | service itself is built assuming reliability, where
         | transferring between trains is common, then issues can get
         | substantially amplified if that choreography gets somewhat
         | disrupted.
        
           | dustyventure wrote:
           | It was broken long before the offer though so the reduction
           | in driving being moderate probably reflects fewer shifts in
           | daily commute and mostly more leisure usage.
        
           | sadcherry wrote:
           | There is a big reporting bias though. You won't see in the
           | news "of the 40,000 railway connections today, most were on
           | time". You only read about some train having had an AC issue
           | or the like.
           | 
           | I have family in Germany and they never go by train but tell
           | me regularly about how bad the train has become. They have
           | literally not been in one for 15+ years. But they watch the
           | news every day.
        
             | currymj wrote:
             | among intercity trains run by Deutsche Bahn, the on-time
             | rate hovers around 2/3. it's technically true that "most
             | were on time", but one third being late is really terrible,
             | especially since you often need to make a tight connection.
             | 
             | even if your family has no justifiable basis for believing
             | what they do about DB, they happen to be correct by luck.
             | 
             | https://ibir.deutschebahn.com/2023/en/combined-management-
             | re...
        
               | n_plus_1_acc wrote:
               | Long-distance trains are worse statistically because they
               | travel longer Router and therefore have more
               | opportubities to gain delay. Across all trains,
               | puncuality is like 95%.
        
               | currymj wrote:
               | that is true, but tons of highly frequent on-time
               | commuter trains doesn't help anyone who wants to travel
               | long distances.
               | 
               | right now if you want to go between two cities you always
               | have to plan on missing your connection.
        
             | ApolloFortyNine wrote:
             | >There is a big reporting bias though. You won't see in the
             | news "of the 40,000 railway connections today, most were on
             | time". You only read about some train having had an AC
             | issue or the like.
             | 
             | I feel most know about Japan's shinkansen being run well.
             | 
             | For those who don't, the average delay is 1.1 minutes on
             | average.
             | 
             | For comparison, the DB long distance trains are considered
             | on time if they're less than 6 minutes late, and still only
             | 64% are considered on time.
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | > Didn't this start as unlimited anywhere for 9 euros no
         | strings attached?
         | 
         | That was a time limited earlier ticket. "The tickets were valid
         | for June, July, or August 2022. The offer aimed at reducing
         | energy use amid the 2021-2022 global energy crisis."
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9-Euro-Ticket
         | 
         | It influenced the idea to come up with a permanent ticket: the
         | "Deutschlandticket". It started 1. Mai 2023.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deutschlandticket
         | 
         | The Deutschlandticket costs max 49 Euros (next year it will
         | cost 58EUR per month) and is valid for one month for mostly all
         | local&regional public transport systems (plus a few selected
         | non-regional trains) in the whole of Germany. The subscription
         | will renew automatically.
         | 
         | Companies often support employees by paying some of the costs.
         | Then it typically costs 34.30 EUR per month. From next year on,
         | employees pay 40,60 EUR per month max.
         | 
         | Here in my home city already 94% of the 213000 pupils use the
         | Deutschlandticket for 0 EUR per month. Every pupil has free
         | access to all of the country's local&regional public transport
         | system... I find that kind of mind-blowing.
         | 
         | I have the ticket in my iPhone's wallet and thus also in the
         | Apple Watch wallet. Additionally I need an ID card. Which at
         | some point in time will also come to the smartphone.
         | https://www.iamexpat.de/expat-info/german-expat-news/new-mob...
        
           | consp wrote:
           | > Every pupil has free access to all of the country's
           | local&regional public transport system... I find that kind of
           | mind-blowing.
           | 
           | We've had this since the 1990s for higher education students.
           | One of the known effects is that students who got it, used
           | the public transport systems more often after wards as they
           | were more familiar with it. I would not be surprised if
           | Germany has a simmilar effect. The problem with these effect
           | is they far outgrow the attention span of polititians as they
           | take years to come to full force.
        
             | sva_ wrote:
             | It was only valid for the state in which the university is,
             | and not all universities offered it.
             | 
             | Most students now get the nationwide ticket for effectively
             | about 30EUR/month.
        
           | riedel wrote:
           | I only pay 20 EUR a month because a 25 EUR subsidy by my
           | employer. It is a total nobrainer although, I often even use
           | it less, just because I can jump on any local train, tram,
           | bus without worrying about a ticket (particularly as we don't
           | have NFC payment). Actually the 9 EUR will effectively mean a
           | 50% raise for me, so I am not sure if the raise even makes
           | sense economically because people like me just would cancel.
        
           | Hugsun wrote:
           | It sounds amazing. All these prices seem crazy low. A
           | significantly zone limited monthly commuter ticket here in
           | Denmark costs over 500EUR
        
           | mk89 wrote:
           | And if I am not mistaken, as a university student you get
           | also that ticket for free and you just need to show your
           | student card.
           | 
           | So students basically never have to pay for the public
           | transportation which is really awesome.
           | 
           | EDIT: by public transportation I mean whatever is included in
           | the D-Ticket (no Intercity or similar types of trains).
        
             | lispm wrote:
             | Where I live, students pay for it, 29.40 EUR. It's a part
             | of the semester fees, IIRC.
        
               | archi42 wrote:
               | For those not familiar with how this works/worked: At
               | most universities, a similar fee was collected from all
               | students. That was then used to finance a regional
               | "public transport flatrate".
               | 
               | Implementation details likely differed, but for us the
               | fee (80 or 100EUR, can't recall) was socialized across
               | all students and payed together with the tuition fee;
               | opting out was not possible (with some exceptions, like
               | disabilities). The money went from the University
               | administration to the AStA - the "general students
               | council" (the executive section of the elected student
               | self-government). The AStA then negotiated with the local
               | public transport company/companies and well as with the
               | Deutsche Bahn (e.g. to get access to certain inter-
               | regional train connections - we have cooperations with
               | iirc 3 or 4 nearby universities, and students somehow
               | needed to get there). Those negotiations can be a royal
               | pita, and often the students were in a weak position.
               | Even if we
               | 
               | Source: I was in the AStA (~12 people), but not involved
               | with that task.
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | _" I LOVE the German transit system"_
         | 
         | I have some experience with the public transport systems in
         | Germany, Austria, Switzerland, France and Belgium. In my
         | opinion Germany's is the worst. Everything seems to be stuck in
         | paper based processes, only occasionally and very listlessly
         | digitized. The tariffs (apart from the Deutschlandticket) are
         | overly complicated and suffer heavily under the common
         | balkanization.
         | 
         | The _DB Navigator_ is so terrible that I try to book the German
         | leg of my international travels from one of the other countries
         | apps whenever possible.
         | 
         | For a counter example look at the French _SNCF Connect_ app. It
         | is not perfect but it is a pretty workable solution.
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | > Everything seems to be stuck in paper based processes, only
           | occasionally and very listlessly digitized.
           | 
           | That's nonsense. Most public transport is digital by now.
           | 
           | > The DB Navigator is so terrible
           | 
           | It's not terrible. I managed to book all my train travels
           | just fine with it, also using a business bahncard which gives
           | me a 50% discount on all trains.
        
             | eptcyka wrote:
             | I couldn't pay for my ubahn with a credit card on the bahn,
             | and the app required me to use some kind of a paypal
             | derivative. I did not pay.
             | 
             | Regardless of whether it is digitized or not, regional
             | trains suck. To pay on the train, I think I was forced to
             | use cash.
             | 
             | Further, the process for getting refunds when you miss a
             | connection requires one to fill in forms on paper and scan
             | them in and then send in via email. Or was it snail mail? I
             | didn't attempt it, I just saw that my train was delayed for
             | hours with no explanation for what can I do about it,
             | realized I'm missing my connection and then booked a plane
             | ticket and got home faster than if I had traveled by rail
             | without any delays. 10/10, will fly whenever possible from
             | now on.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | Pay before. That's how the transport systems generally
               | work in Germany. In many trains you need to have a ticket
               | BEFORE entering the train and also BEFORE entering the
               | platform in the train station.
               | 
               | > Further, the process for getting refunds when you miss
               | a connection requires one to fill in forms on paper and
               | scan them in and then send in via email.
               | 
               | I can do that in the DB app.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | The DB app? Definitely was not an option for the people
               | who did that. Granted, we are europeans, not Germans
               | living in Germany.
               | 
               | Paying before just isn't always practical, but I
               | understand that such limitations are often a non-issue
               | for locals.
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | > The DB app? Definitely was not an option for the people
               | who did that.
               | 
               | Yeah, it's in the app.
               | 
               | > Paying before just isn't always practical, but I
               | understand that such limitations are often a non-issue
               | for locals.
               | 
               | That's how it works. Typical here for local trains: there
               | are no barriers in train and bus stations. One can just
               | enter the train and bus without any ticket check. But you
               | have to make sure that you have a ticket. The local
               | trains have no installation to buy a ticket anymore.
               | Typically one would buy them online or have a
               | subscription ticket. How does the system make sure that
               | people pay and don't game the system? There are random
               | checks.
               | 
               | If you want a ticket, buy it before entering a train.
               | Train stations have either ticket systems or a ticket
               | office. But most people by now do it online either per
               | website or app.
               | 
               | For long-distance trains I would always book in advance
               | (it's often also cheaper) and book a seat, too.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | Yeah, cool, I understand, it is how it is done. I am not
               | arguing that, and I already conceded that.
               | 
               | Why are you bringing the same argument back up again?
               | 
               | Have you considered that people who travel through your
               | country will not install another app on their phone? I do
               | not need another quarter of a gigabyte app to pay for
               | something that could've been paid for via VISA or
               | Mastercard. Oh wait, I did install the app. And it asked
               | me to use a paypal account. I do not carry my papyal
               | credentials with me.
               | 
               | I have never gotten on long distance trains and expected
               | to pay on them, not what I am arguing about.
               | 
               | And when I mean that the app was not an option, I mean
               | that in our case, we couldn't use the app to submit a
               | return. I was not the one submitting those forms, I was
               | too lazy. The people who did told me the app did not work
               | for their case. Given that you've told me 2x that "you
               | can just do it in the app", what else can I say besides
               | the fact that when tried, it did not work? Are you
               | dismissing the lived experience of the person you are
               | talking to? Why?
               | 
               | All of that notwithstanding, why not decrease the
               | friction from needing to use an app (phone needs to be
               | supported, charged and have an internet connection) and
               | instead use contactless payment terminals?
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | > Are you dismissing the lived experience of the person
               | you are talking to? Why?
               | 
               | The DB App has this option, now. That's all. If this
               | information does not help you, there are other readers
               | here, too.
               | 
               | > All of that notwithstanding, why not decrease the
               | friction from needing to use an app (phone needs to be
               | supported, charged and have an internet connection) and
               | instead use contactless payment terminals?
               | 
               | You can buy with credit cards (and a few other options)
               | using the usual payment terminals. Again, you usually
               | have to pay outside of the train. The terminals are at
               | the train station.
        
           | jonp888 wrote:
           | > The DB Navigator is so terrible that I try to book the
           | German leg of my international travels from one of the other
           | countries apps whenever possible.
           | 
           | > For a counter example look at the French SNCF Connect app.
           | It is not perfect but it is a pretty workable solution.
           | 
           | I am extremely surprised that you would write this. The SNCF
           | Connect app has a lot of problems. Just for starters, it
           | can't cope with any journey with more than 2 changes. SNCF
           | shut down there international ticket sales computer system -
           | because it was too old. They no longer sell any international
           | tickets, unless it's on a train actually run by SNCF.
           | 
           | The DB App has train services for the whole of Europe. It can
           | plan a journey from Oslo to Sofia if required.
        
             | black_puppydog wrote:
             | So much this. I often use DB navigator to plan trips
             | _within_ france. As soon as you 're not going to or from
             | Paris, the sncf offer _and_ app are just terrible. Often,
             | sncf-connect will refuse to offer me TER-only (regional
             | train) trips, because one of the legs _can_ also be done by
             | TGV. Basically impossible to plan this kind of thing with
             | the SNCF apps.
             | 
             | But even the basic UX is terrible. The most blatant example
             | of this is the choice to make the first text input on the
             | search the _target_ station. If you do limit yourself to a
             | single text input as the entry point to the search, I see
             | the intuition. but the result is that they are the only
             | transit search mask I know where I have to first type where
             | I 'm going, and then where I'm coming from. I hate it.
        
             | weinzierl wrote:
             | _" They no longer sell any international tickets, unless
             | it's on a train actually run by SNCF."_
             | 
             | I booked ICE trains run by Deutsche Bahn via SNCF
             | successfully in the past, the last time three days ago.
        
           | ted_dunning wrote:
           | I just used the DB Navigator for extensive travel in Germany
           | without any problems. It doesn't provide quite as much
           | information about how to deal with connections for a delayed
           | train, but that is minor compared to the very transparent
           | function for buying and displaying tickets.
        
           | elpocko wrote:
           | >Everything seems to be stuck in paper based processes
           | 
           | I want to buy a ticket every now and then. I want that
           | process to be straight forward: cash money for one-time
           | ticket. I don't want your app on my phone, I don't want a
           | subscription, and I don't want to be tracked.
           | 
           | Paper based offline processes forever, please.
        
             | iknowstuff wrote:
             | lol you know websites exist right. what a luddite approach.
             | Paper is expensive, wasteful, environmentally harmful, and
             | time consuming.
        
               | fuzzy2 wrote:
               | Sure. And how do you pay? I mean, really. You're forced
               | to create an account, then link a payment method (PayPal
               | and/or Visa/Mastercard may or may not be supported, Apple
               | Pay almost never is). Sometimes you also have to link a
               | mobile phone number or the number is the account
               | identifier.
               | 
               | How is that an alternative?
        
               | elpocko wrote:
               | I don't carry a phone around with me at all times. Phones
               | are expensive, wasteful, socially and environmentally
               | harmful, time consuming, and they erode our freedoms.
        
               | BirAdam wrote:
               | I'd love to see an in-depth analysis of the overall
               | production costs for paper and ink vs electronic. Tree to
               | processing to ticket vs smartphone, grid, network,
               | software, and so on. I imagine the paper process is
               | exceptionally cheaper but I could very well be wrong.
        
           | psychoslave wrote:
           | I can't tell for other countries, but SNCF digital solutions
           | have been a great example of everything you should not do for
           | as long as I can remember. Actually bahn.de used to be a far
           | better interface to consult french train hours than whatever
           | fancy new name SNCF would come every few months or so.
        
           | nonrandomstring wrote:
           | > Everything seems to be stuck in paper based processes,
           | 
           | It is for that reason I'd love it. Accessible, universal,
           | sustainable, resilient technology!
           | 
           | I once got stuck in Nuremberg overnight. The ticket office
           | was open all night and an official looked up all my options
           | from memory and timetable books and wrote me a diagram with
           | pen and paper that perfectly showed me how to get to my
           | destination. I'll never forget that helpful clerk.
           | 
           | Not saying you can't have your apps, but systems that lose
           | touch with reality and human involvement are part of the
           | emerging problem.
           | 
           | For my mind the smartest ticket technology I ever saw was
           | Hungarian and used on the Budapest transit system in the
           | 1980s - some devious discrete mathematics that coded the
           | journey stops, used status, and allowed routes all in a
           | matrix of hole punches on a small paper ticket. The punches
           | (that you had to use when getting on trains, buses and trams)
           | were purely mechanical, and so was the validating machine
           | used by inspectors/conductors to see if you had punched your
           | ticket. Simply genius.
        
             | euroderf wrote:
             | There simply has to be a web page about this somewhere...
        
             | tasuki wrote:
             | > For my mind the smartest ticket technology I ever saw was
             | Hungarian and used on the Budapest transit system in the
             | 1980s - some devious discrete mathematics that coded the
             | journey stops, used status, and allowed routes all in a
             | matrix of hole punches on a small paper ticket. The punches
             | (that you had to use when getting on trains, buses and
             | trams) were purely mechanical, and so was the validating
             | machine used by inspectors/conductors to see if you had
             | punched your ticket. Simply genius.
             | 
             | I think you're giving a little too much credit. In the
             | nearby Czech Republic we had a system where there'd be
             | eight (or perhaps 10?) places for a hole. Your ticket would
             | get marked with a combination specific to the vehicle.
             | 
             | They'd periodically change which vehicle has what holes.
             | With 8 holes, 256 tickets would be enough to give you a
             | valid ticket for any vehicle. With 10 holes, 1024 tickets.
             | I think some people carried around all the tickets to be
             | able to ride for free. Others kept tickets with small
             | number of holes for later reuse in a vehicle which had a
             | superset of those. Good times!
             | 
             | I find it very hard to believe the Hungarians has something
             | smarter than that, but would love to be proven wrong!
        
           | dietr1ch wrote:
           | As a tourist I agree, and the Deutschland Ticket App is
           | Region locked, so you are bound to the complexity of the
           | system, which seems unnecessary and way too expensive as
           | opposed to the ticket locals get.
        
             | n_plus_1_acc wrote:
             | There are many different vendors with different apps.
        
           | Gravityloss wrote:
           | One fun experience, arriving in Munchen and trying to buy
           | ticket for the airport train online. The app requires your
           | birthdate. The date selector starts from present and only
           | allows to go back one month at a time. So if you're 40 years
           | old, you would need to click 480 times... We bought paper
           | tickets from a machine . Machines work well compared to other
           | countries though.
        
             | emaro wrote:
             | I thought the same thing first, but if you click on the
             | year you can choose from a list.
        
           | hagbard_c wrote:
           | > The DB Navigator is so terrible that I try to book the
           | German leg of my international travels from one of the other
           | countries apps whenever possible.
           | 
           | While _DB Navigator_ does leave something to be desired the
           | sheer width /breadth of the DB booking system makes it my go-
           | to choice for international train travel. They're also quite
           | forthcoming in paying back 25% to 50% of the ticket price
           | when delayed more than 1 or 2 hours which is a frequent
           | occurrence on the longer trips - from Sweden to the
           | Netherlands - which I make about every other month. I can get
           | prices directly without having to go through some silly
           | booking agency, I can book tickets, reserve seats and
           | sometimes actually choose which seats I want (something which
           | doesn't always work). They did have some problems about a
           | year ago when they moved to the 'new' DB Navigator and the
           | price I was quoted suddenly quadrupled, this turned out to be
           | an omission in the booking system which I submitted a bug
           | report for. They fixed the problem and prices returned to
           | where they should be (about 5% higher than before the change,
           | they used the opportunity to raise prices...).
           | 
           | No, the problem with DB is not to be found in their app or
           | the booking system, those are at least on par and often
           | better than their foreign equivalents. The problem lies in
           | the unreliability of the long distance network, especially
           | the ICE service which often sees long delays due to a lack of
           | personnel, defective equipment, maintenance work, etc.
           | Regional services tend to be more reliable, in part due to
           | the higher frequency which makes it less of a problem if a
           | single train does not run. All in all I can live with the
           | problems and have switched over to rail travel whenever I can
           | in Europe. The advantages - more space, more comfort, no
           | security theatre, the ability to hack away while travelling,
           | usually lower prices, I can take as much luggage as I can
           | carry (which is a lot) - outweigh the disadvantages - longer
           | travel times, need to change trains, delays which compound
           | due to missing connections.
        
           | taffer wrote:
           | I couldn't disagree more. You can say a lot of bad things
           | about Deutsche Bahn, but of all the travel apps I have used,
           | DB Navigator and bahn.de were the best.
           | 
           | SNCF Connect, on the other hand, not only had a terrible UX,
           | but also crashed randomly, forcing me to use third-party apps
           | to buy SNCF tickets.
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | I don't know about apps (only used the HVV app, for holding a
           | ticket), but in terms of websites SNCF (at least the English
           | version, the French one is a bit better) is an absolute mess.
           | There is like 3 different ones for starters, one to find a
           | connection, one to buy the ticket and one to find current
           | status/delays.
           | 
           | bahn.de is actually one of the more decent websites in my
           | opinion (definitely better than most rail sites I have
           | encountered).
           | 
           | That said, the biggest problem with rail in Europe atm, is
           | the lack of an integrated ticketing system. Going between
           | places by train is a so much nicer experience than taking the
           | plane, but the ticketing experience is such a mess. As others
           | have pointed out, on SNCF you can't find any international
           | connections any longer (IIRC SJ.se in Sweden still shows
           | connections to Norway and Denmark), on Bahn.de you can find
           | the connections, but can't actually see a price or book a
           | ticket (you are told to go into a station). Train travel in
           | Europe could be a surely awesome otherwise.
        
             | taffer wrote:
             | The EU should create a standardised system for tickets in
             | Europe, similar to the New Distribution Capability for
             | flights or SEPA for payments.
             | 
             | There should also be a unified system for passengers to
             | claim their money back if their train is delayed.
        
           | barrkel wrote:
           | The DB navigator app is actually decent. The one downside is
           | it kicks you out to a website to book many international
           | tickets, but you can still plan and track your journey delays
           | etc. in the app.
        
         | jonp888 wrote:
         | > Didn't this start as unlimited anywhere for 9 euros no
         | strings attached?
         | 
         | The EUR9 ticket was a 3 month temporary offer, which was not
         | originally intended to continue permanently at all.
         | 
         | > I LOVE the German transit system (although Denmark wins in
         | cleanliness). However, Germany is a bit predatory with this new
         | system. You can ONLY purchase this ticket as a subscription
         | model. If you're a tourist, you must cancel before the 10th of
         | the month or you get auto rebilled.
         | 
         | The ticket is subsidised by the German government(beyond the
         | amount that all rail infrastructure and most services are
         | subsidised) for the purpose what is covered in the article -
         | encouraging permanent modal shift of regular
         | travellers(primarily commuters) from road to rail. If you're a
         | tourist, it's not meant for you. Sorry.
        
           | sadcherry wrote:
           | Airtravel is also subsidised by the German tax payer. Much
           | more than the 49 EUR ticket. No matter if you are a tourist
           | or not. (Arguably mostly for tourists actually.)
        
             | kristianp wrote:
             | What's the method of subsidy there? Contributing to Airbus
             | shares?
        
               | echoangle wrote:
               | Commercial aviation fuel is tax exempt in the EU, I would
               | already count that as a subsidy (yes, I count not taxing
               | something that's normally taxed as a subsidy, even if it
               | isn't done by directly paying out money).
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | > If you're a tourist, it's not meant for you. Sorry.
           | 
           | Tourist&foreigners can use the Deutschlandticket, too.
           | 
           | But: it's a monthly subscription automatically renewing every
           | month, so one has to cancel it early enough when planning to
           | leave the country. You'll also typically need a smartphone
           | for the ticket.
        
             | dietr1ch wrote:
             | Well, on mobile they make you think you need the app, but
             | it's region locked. I happened to email them about how this
             | is annoying for tourists yesterday and got a very German
             | response,
             | 
             | "Downloading the Deutschlandticket.de app from the Google
             | Play Store and Apple App Store is only possible in certain
             | countries." (ikr, it's THE problem)
        
               | lispm wrote:
               | The ticket is available by other apps, too.
        
         | juliangmp wrote:
         | >I LOVE the German transit system
         | 
         | What? How? I have the ticket and despite that I never use any
         | regional train because they're generally awful. (Local busses
         | and trams on the other hand work pretty well)
        
           | ahartmetz wrote:
           | Regional trains are really okay compared to long-distance
           | trains. These are so bad that it's unlikely that you reach
           | your destination on time now.
        
         | consumerx wrote:
         | True, significant only because offered for 9 EUR initially.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | Not only -- when I visit friends in the UK, I've had single
           | rail tickets cost more than the increased next years' cost of
           | a monthly nationwide ticket here in Germany.
        
         | hilux wrote:
         | I'm a big fan of public transit, but it's not entirely
         | "baffling" why the US lags European countries (and Japan) - the
         | US is a MUCH larger country.
        
           | server_man3000 wrote:
           | There's a happy medium somewhere though and the US doesn't
           | meet it at all. I can't even take a bus from my neighborhood
           | in a California city to the grocery store in a timely manner
           | and it's often cancelled
        
             | hilux wrote:
             | Oh, I know - I live in Oakland. I think even here the
             | population density is lower than in European cities. (It's
             | definitely lower than in Asian mega-cities.)
             | 
             | But yes, I do wish California did better. People are used
             | to bad transit, and have never visited Tokyo or even NYC,
             | so expectations are low.
        
           | reducesuffering wrote:
           | But the DC to Boston line isn't
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | > the US is a MUCH larger country
           | 
           | with much of the population in a few denser areas, where
           | public transport would make a lot of sense.
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | The EU is only about half the land area of the USA; Germany
           | is roughly equivalent of the fourth largest US state,
           | Montana, and only CA, TX, and AK are bigger.
           | 
           | Do any _states_ have something equivalent to this?
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | The size "excuse" is often brought up, I don't think that's
           | valid though, e.g. Sweden with a significantly lower density
           | has much better public transport. Or if we talk absolute size
           | I think even Russia has a better rail transport system than
           | the US for example. Like usual I think it can largely be
           | attributed politics and to the strength of the car lobby in
           | the US (as well as a weird desire to "stick it to poor
           | people"), which caused a complete focus on individual travel.
        
           | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
           | Somehow that wasn't as much of an obstacle in 1920!
        
         | onli wrote:
         | > _If you're a tourist, you must cancel before the 10th of the
         | month or you get auto rebilled._
         | 
         | Just in case this is helpful to someone, you can buy the ticket
         | from one of those different transport organizations you
         | mentioned and avoid that time limit to cancel. The one to use
         | for that is https://www.mopla.solutions/, it's a simple app
         | (alternatively web site) that worked really well for me (no
         | affiliation).
        
         | emaro wrote:
         | Surprised how positive you're writivg about the German public
         | transport. The Deutsche Bahn doesn't have a good reputation in
         | central Europe.
         | 
         | I guess my frame of reference isn't average, given I live in
         | Switzerland.
         | 
         | Edit: the 49-euro ticket is great though!
        
           | ben_w wrote:
           | As a UK citizen living in Berlin, I assure you that for all
           | the cancellations and repair works, there's many places which
           | look up to the German system.
           | 
           | (I've also been to the USA, and (IMO) Amtrak makes the UK
           | look good).
        
         | 2-3-7-43-1807 wrote:
         | > is a bit predatory
         | 
         | what bugs me the most is that i can only book it for a specific
         | calendar month. that is _so_ stupid ...
        
         | serial_dev wrote:
         | > I doubt I'd ever need a car in Germany given the rail system
         | was much more convenient
         | 
         | Sure, if you live in a larger city and you never leave... I
         | lived in Munich for years and never needed a car, just
         | comfortable shoes, a bike and occasionally a transport ticket.
         | 
         | Try to get to a smaller town or village, you are lucky if you
         | only spend twice as much time getting there as with a car.
         | 
         | The trains get randomly cancelled, delay is basically
         | guaranteed, the workers go on strikes relatively frequently, so
         | you can never rely on trains working for anything remotely
         | important.
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | > You can ONLY purchase this ticket as a subscription model. If
         | you're a tourist, you must cancel before the 10th of the month
         | or you get auto rebilled.
         | 
         | Pro tip: some websites offer to start the subscription later in
         | the month and you only pay for those days. So if, for example,
         | you were to attend a certain hacker conference in Hamburg at
         | the end of December, you could buy the ticket for the last 5
         | days of the month for 49/31*5 euro. ("HVV Switch" App)
        
       | Roritharr wrote:
       | As someone that avoids the german rail at all costs I applaud
       | this move, the freer the roads and airports are for me, the
       | better.
        
         | chairmansteve wrote:
         | Exactly. I don't understand why most car owners are so opposed
         | to public transport.
        
           | waveBidder wrote:
           | the same reason omnivores are sometimes highly critical of
           | veg*ns: there's a moral claim going on, so their identity/
           | moral standing is threatened.
        
             | Aerroon wrote:
             | It's not a question of moral standing or identity but
             | rather that public transport (and vegan) advocates would
             | like to force you to live like they do. Those things
             | gaining too much popularity threatens the way you do
             | things.
             | 
             | We have examples of this happening, eg smoking. It has
             | become unpopular enough that governments pass nonsensical
             | bans like banning flavored cigarettes or just making it
             | entirely illegal for only a certain year cohort (literal
             | age discrimination).
        
               | pkd wrote:
               | > public transport (and vegan) advocates would like to
               | force you to live like they do
               | 
               | Is there a citation for this claim?
               | 
               | > governments pass nonsensical bans like banning flavored
               | cigarettes
               | 
               | Is it nonsensical? There is research[1][2] showing that
               | flavoured tobacco is one of the primary factors used to
               | attract younger users. We know that tobacco is bad, and
               | also that flavoured tobacco increases its usage, so
               | unless you are against public health policy measures
               | themselves, it follows logically that flavoured tobacco
               | should be covered by public health measures.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9007155/
               | [2] https://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/26/6/709
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | Vegans? Veg[a..z1..9A..Z]ns? Are there any vegyns out there
             | who object to being put on the meat/no-meat spectrum? Are
             | you afraid HN will censure you if you spell out the
             | complete word?
        
               | fuzzy2 wrote:
               | Really now. It's obviously veg.+ns: vegans and
               | vegetarians.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Oh aha thanks for pointing that out. Now that you mention
               | it that does seem obvious. I definitely didn't catch that
               | from the first use though. There should be a better word
               | to capture both those meanings that doesn't confuse my
               | poor regex sensibilities like that. :|
        
               | fn-mote wrote:
               | My regex sensitivities only warned me about the
               | persecution of veggggggggns.
        
               | Quekid5 wrote:
               | It's a regular veganza in here. (I'm sorry)
        
           | juliangmp wrote:
           | Personally I'm not opposed to public transport, in fact I
           | want to like the railway. I tried. But the German railway is
           | in such a poor state that I never use it. Not for small trips
           | (with regional trains that are covered by my 49EUR ticket)
           | and especially not for longer trips (long distance trains
           | like ICEs).
           | 
           | Every time you enter an ICE just remember that its a coinflip
           | on whether or not you'll arrive on time to get your
           | connecting train. Or maybe you won't arrive at all, happened
           | enough times to me that I frankly don't trust it anymore. And
           | considering how expensive ICE tickets have gotten... yeah I'd
           | rather take the highway, despite that I don't like driving
           | much.
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | I don't know where you drive for long car trips, but going
             | south from e.g. Hamburg on the A1, or through the
             | Ruhrgebiet by car is a much bigger coin flip with respect
             | to arrival times (while always being significantly slower
             | even on good days). So why the complains about
             | punctionality for trains, but somehow it's fine for car
             | travel?
        
           | CuriouslyC wrote:
           | It takes forever compared to driving in most cases, catching
           | the transit often involves a walk, and a lot of public
           | transit is kind of grungy. This doesn't apply or matter as
           | much in some cases (e.g. the NY subway) but in general it's
           | not great, at least not in the USA.
        
             | jvesalius wrote:
             | >catching the transit often involves a walk
             | 
             | Tell me you're American without telling me you're American.
        
               | trealira wrote:
               | Does transit not always involve a walk, even a small one?
               | It's not like everyone lives next to a subway station,
               | and most destinations aren't right next to a subway
               | station either.
        
             | scns wrote:
             | Walking is good for you.
        
         | stavros wrote:
         | Why do you avoid the rail system?
        
           | Glawen wrote:
           | Because waiting im Stau (traffic jam) is so much better.
        
             | artemonster wrote:
             | Because missing important appointment (Termin) that you
             | have arranged 3 fucking months before by waiting in a phone
             | queue for 30 minutes because your Sbahn was cancelled
             | because of a nonsense signal-related reason is so much
             | better.
        
             | scns wrote:
             | Sadly related:
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OI8PlJkqvc0
        
           | nik736 wrote:
           | Only 62,7% of the trains were in time (and by in time they
           | use a rigged system to count what is in time and what is
           | not). So it's basically a 50% chance if you will be delayed
           | at your destination or in time. Also note, that if you have
           | to change trains mid travel you have that chance again. That
           | means you will be late very very often. If you travel as an
           | individual and you don't value your time at all this is a
           | great deal, if you travel for business purposes good luck to
           | you.
           | 
           | Apart from that, it's a lot more stressful (and time
           | consuming) to go to a train station and leave at a train
           | station instead of just driving by car.
        
             | ant6n wrote:
             | Punctuality of local trains is much higher than the long
             | distance ones whose stats you're quoting here. For rapid
             | transit, punctuality is less of an issue, compared to
             | frequency.
        
           | chgs wrote:
           | Not exactly hard to nowadays in Germany
           | 
           | Using the rail system? Now that's a trick and a half.
        
         | sadcherry wrote:
         | Congrats, now you just need to be on board when tax money is
         | used for that infra. I bet that latest there your opposition
         | starts.
        
         | ted_dunning wrote:
         | As someone who uses the German rail any time I can, I also
         | applaud this move.
        
         | fn-mote wrote:
         | A old friend used to make the same argument for doubling the
         | price of gasoline (in Germany)... something like "it will keep
         | the rabble off the road".
        
         | hit8run wrote:
         | I can fully relate. No one wants to travel in these unreliable,
         | piss-stinking trains full of drunken criminals and islamists.
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Except this only helped the folks living close to big train
       | station hubs, across the country there are plenty of places where
       | the car is the only viable option.
        
         | orra wrote:
         | Well, no, it's primarily about regional travel, so it clearly
         | helps folks near to smaller stations.
         | 
         | Plus: your point, caller? Investing in roads only helps folks
         | with cars. There are plenty of people for whom public transport
         | is the only option.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | 1h car, 3h public transport, that is the point.
        
         | Glawen wrote:
         | Germany is a dense country with a developed rail network, you
         | are never far from a train station. Bear in mind that this
         | includes also city transportation, which makes it a great deal.
         | 
         | My gripe with the ticket is that traveling with bikes in
         | regional train became a gamble, you never know if you can get
         | in as there is so many people inside already (and even more
         | when the previous train got cancelled, which happens a lot...)
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | Yeah, but doesn't make the Bahn more punctual, or reduce
           | those comute times from 3h down to the 1h that is possible by
           | car, not having to jump across four connections, with related
           | delays and dropped connections.
        
           | blueflow wrote:
           | The density is not that great, its not good enough if you
           | don't have a car.
        
         | Rotundo wrote:
         | This helped those people too. There is considerably less
         | traffic cutting commute time significantly.
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | > Except this only helped the folks living close to big train
         | station hubs
         | 
         | Every city has public transport.
         | 
         | There is a large density of public transport throughout the
         | country: trains, local trains, underground trains, busses,
         | ferries, ...
         | 
         | The ticket is valid there, too.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | There is a big difference between doing 1h with car, and 3h
           | with public transport.
        
             | lispm wrote:
             | maybe 3 hours in the car and 1h with public transport.
             | 
             | if you are in the rushhour and a traffic jam (not an
             | unusual problem), then the train will be faster. Plus one
             | can work in the train or relax.
             | 
             | My regional train here 20km going into the city center is
             | impossible to beat by car.
             | 
             | 77.77% of the people live in cities. 55% live in cities
             | with >20k people. Generally Germany is a decentralized
             | country with a lot of regions with local center cities.
             | There are 15 cities with >500k people. France has only
             | four.
        
         | peoplefromibiza wrote:
         | True, but that's how trains work.
         | 
         | As a counter example I live in Rome where city trains are the
         | best public transport available and house prices are heavily
         | linked to closeness to subway or train station, yet we still
         | are the city with most cars per capita in Europe and probably
         | in the whole west.
         | 
         | If only those living close to train stations used trains it
         | would massively reduce the need for cars and consequently the
         | heavy traffic we usually experience.
         | 
         | I live 15 minutes walking from the closest station and it's so
         | much better to go to work by train than by car, the trip is
         | shorter, I don't have to drive, find a parking spot, a legal
         | one, where I can't be fined and don't have to pay for it, while
         | on the train I can read and air conditioning actually works and
         | train cars are usually not crazy full like subway ones.
         | 
         | TL:DR that's how trains work they are not supposed to solve
         | every commuting problem but the solvable ones
        
         | Sakos wrote:
         | It helped anybody and everybody that wanted to travel for any
         | reason. It meant I could go to the nearest big city to catch a
         | movie at an IMAX theatre, something that was significantly more
         | expensive before. You don't need a big train station hub to
         | have trains, and you only need a few trains or buses to make up
         | for the cost and make it worth it. Since, you know, it applies
         | to buses as well. I live in a small shithole town, and it's
         | extremely convenient to have the Deutschlandticket because it
         | means I can take the bus to anywhere in the area, including the
         | nearest train station, and I can take a train to anywhere I
         | want from nearby towns to cities hours away. Even though I own
         | a car again, I still have the ticket because of how useful it
         | is and how much money it saves.
         | 
         | I don't understand how anybody can paint this as a bad thing.
         | Are you also against universal health care by any chance?
        
         | eesmith wrote:
         | Just about all of which used to have train service, right?
         | 
         | I mean, in the US I've been to a lot of small towns where there
         | is no train service, but the old station is still there, with
         | the rails all torn out and replaced with houses, or roads, or
         | bike paths.
         | 
         | And in the UK, the infamous Beeching cuts in the 1960s removed
         | lines based on a profitability model which wasn't applied to
         | roads, causing many communities to lose rail service and
         | essentially require everyone there to shift to cars (replacing
         | trains with bus service failed.)
         | 
         | How much of Germany is like that, where the people in the
         | country insisted on good roads for their cars, causing the rail
         | system to be decommissioned, and now they are stuck with that
         | decades-old decision to prioritize the more environment
         | destroying option?
        
           | chgs wrote:
           | Most beeching stations were of no use- the service wasn't
           | there. The village my son's school is at had a station, a
           | mile out the middle, with 5 trains a day. You would have to
           | change to another train to get to a station with a regular
           | service to London, and increasing services wouldn't be
           | possible without significantly increasing terminal capacity.
           | 
           | Menawhile the far larger village I live in has never had a
           | station.
           | 
           | Some lines would be useful nowadays and could possibly be
           | worthwhile, but there was no realistic way to know which
           | should have been kept in the 60s. Far better would be to stop
           | all the nonsense and just start digging new lines. But we
           | proved we can't do that - look at the billions of pounds
           | spent attempting to appease the millionaires in
           | Buckinghamshire with tunnels. Billions the m40 never had to
           | spend.
        
       | zelphirkalt wrote:
       | Well, of course, if we didn't have traffic ministers again and
       | again, who do everything they can to make rail less attractive
       | and road more attractive, then we could probably have a great
       | system. But automobile lobby is so strong, they buy all the
       | politicians in that role, probably even before they land in that
       | role, so I guess normal people will have to keep suffering, so
       | that those politicians can have a life of luxury. Thank you.
        
       | petesergeant wrote:
       | I really really would like to see Labour in the UK to use their
       | sizeable majority + Parliamentary sovereignty to upgrade the UK's
       | infrastructure, including more train subsidies, but they seem
       | very cautious and also terrified of raising taxes. Such a waste
       | that the UK is one of the few places where Parliament could just
       | ram shit through and yet building anything in the UK is so
       | hampered by self-imposed red tape.
        
         | chgs wrote:
         | 15 years of all major parties supporting hs2 and it couldn't be
         | rammed through
         | 
         | Want to improve things for people in the UK, ram through
         | massive new housing akin to the newtowns of 50 years ago.
        
         | flooow wrote:
         | Lots of people seem surprised that the new government
         | apparently have no desire to improve the dire state of the UK.
         | But that was never on the cards and the idea that they might
         | have done so is pure projection. The current leadership of the
         | Labour party are from the right-wing Labour First faction who
         | have always been very clear that their aims are not to improve
         | the country but to keep the left out of power. They will govern
         | in the same business-as-usual nothing-can-ever-get-better vein
         | as the Tories and their Blairite predecessors.
         | 
         | However I don't blame the public for not knowing this fact.
         | There was (and to some extent still is) a media lockdown on
         | reporting who is behind the Starmer project. (Because if it had
         | been reported on it might not have succeeded).
        
       | jdietrich wrote:
       | Providing these EUR49 tickets requires an annual subsidy of
       | around EUR3bn, on top of already substantial subsidies for the
       | rail industry. If we accept that it reduces carbon emissions by
       | 6.7 million tonnes per year, then that works out to EUR447 per
       | tonne. That really isn't good value - most carbon abatement
       | methods cost well under $100 per tonne.
       | 
       | I do recognise that modal shift towards rail may have other
       | positive externalities, but I don't know how to price any of
       | them.
       | 
       | https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/charts/ghg-abatement...
        
         | szundi wrote:
         | Secret plan of car driving politicians to decrease the traffic
         | for themselves
        
         | Arn_Thor wrote:
         | When you say "carbon abatement" do you mean carbon
         | credits/cleanup or other ways of emitting less of it in the
         | first place?
        
         | V__ wrote:
         | > already substantial subsidies for the rail industry
         | 
         | Though to be fair, there are also substantial subsidies for the
         | whole road network.
        
           | theendisney4 wrote:
           | Roads are much more efficient with fewer cars.
        
             | kachapopopow wrote:
             | The weather would like to have a word with you.
        
             | bmoxb wrote:
             | By what metric?
        
             | lispm wrote:
             | A German study from 2021 says road traffic created 70
             | billion euros costs per year. Of that 45 billion had to be
             | paid from general taxes.
        
             | msandford wrote:
             | This was phrased poorly if I understand the meaning.
             | 
             | "If there is limited use, roads are more efficient than
             | rail"
             | 
             | That's probably true as roads tend to cost less per mile
             | than rail and you don't have transfer problems.
             | 
             | When heavily utilized the opposite is true: rail is more
             | efficient than roads.
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | Road vehicles are heavily taxed in European countries. I
           | don't have the figures for Germany, but the UK spends PS12bn
           | per year on roads, while it collects PS25bn in road fuel duty
           | and PS7bn in vehicle excise duty.
           | 
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/298675/united-kingdom-
           | uk...
           | 
           | https://obr.uk/forecasts-in-depth/tax-by-tax-spend-by-
           | spend/...
           | 
           | https://obr.uk/forecasts-in-depth/tax-by-tax-spend-by-
           | spend/...
        
             | V__ wrote:
             | Vehicle, gas and similar taxes are about EUR50bn in
             | Germany. The cost of the road system is about EUR70bn.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.forschung-und-
             | wissen.de/nachrichten/oekonomie/au...
        
             | taffer wrote:
             | According to a study by the HTW Berlin, Germany collects
             | EUR50 billion in road taxes and duties, but spends EUR30
             | billion on road maintenance and EUR30 billion on traffic
             | police and road accident victims. Add to this an estimated
             | EUR10-30 billion in environmental damage due to air and
             | noise pollution.
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | There are also deaths caused by road accidents and health
             | issues caused by pollution.
             | 
             | Those have real economic impacts which aren't being
             | reflected in the true cost of cars.
        
         | 2-3-7-43-1807 wrote:
         | > Providing these EUR49 tickets requires an annual subsidy of
         | around EUR3bn
         | 
         | and how was this number actually calculated?
        
           | jdietrich wrote:
           | https://urban-mobility-
           | observatory.transport.ec.europa.eu/ne...
        
             | 2-3-7-43-1807 wrote:
             | just around 2 billion
        
         | ccppurcell wrote:
         | I find the word subsidy to be a possible weasel word here. I
         | don't know all the details but a railway system has certain
         | costs (fuel, personnel, water, upkeep, the trains themselves
         | and so on) and takes in a certain amount of revenue (fares and
         | subsidies, also food etc). It might be true that the government
         | increased the subsidy in order to support the cheaper tickets.
         | But that's not the same as "requires". Perhaps I'm splitting
         | hairs but there's a strong danger of comparing apples and
         | oranges if these things aren't spelled out imo.
        
           | Swizec wrote:
           | Here's another way to think about it: Germany invested N
           | billion into shifting behavior to rail.
           | 
           | How many billions in subsidies has OpenAI gotten to build us
           | a chatbot?
        
             | vkreso wrote:
             | You mean another example of apples and oranges?
             | 
             | Is software and transportation really a good example?
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | I'm not aware of any subsidies openAi has received. Did I
             | miss something or is this one of the situations we're we
             | are making up new definitions for words?
        
               | aleph_minus_one wrote:
               | > I'm not aware of any subsidies openAi has received.
               | 
               | It is rumored that the military (and perhaps three-letter
               | agencies) has/have special contracts with OpenAI. This
               | can definitely be called a subsidy.
        
               | punchmesan wrote:
               | A contract isn't a subsidy... A subsidy would be giving
               | them dollars without any particular strings attached
               | except perhaps to use those funds to develop the product.
               | If the contract is to provide money in exchange for
               | services, that's called a transaction.
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | It's important to distinguish between an operational cost
             | and capital investment here.
             | 
             | If rail usage continues once the spending stops then it's
             | an investment. Otherwise is an operating subsidy.
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | I'm not sure if it's the case here with Germany, but
           | typically we refer to transit spending like this as
           | "subsidies" but for some reason we forget that building and
           | maintaining roads and highways and such are subsidies too.
           | 
           | In the case of the US and probably everywhere else, the
           | highway subsidies are a little insidious too because not only
           | do you pay a boatload of money for highway expansion you have
           | to then go and buy an expensive car and fuel too.
        
           | PlunderBunny wrote:
           | Don't forget too that the cost of proving roads is also
           | 'subsidised' in most countries, but we're tend to be a bit
           | blind to that.
           | 
           | (This is not an argument against rail - I just find that
           | subsidies are often mentioned with respect to rail but not
           | with roads).
        
             | spacebanana7 wrote:
             | Calculating the subsidy associated with state maintenance
             | of roads for private vehicles is difficult.
             | 
             | Some basic level of signage and hazard prevention
             | (potholes, ice etc) is necessary for emergency vehicles and
             | other government operations.
             | 
             | Thereafter, although there is some maintenance cost
             | associated with the road wear from private vehicles and the
             | additional infrastructure required for higher traffic
             | volumes, we don't have an easy way to calculate the cost.
        
               | clhodapp wrote:
               | Wouldn't the very patterns of development be different
               | (and more amenable to rail) if the state didn't spend
               | oodles of money building nice roads to make sprawl
               | livable?
        
               | treflop wrote:
               | Sprawl happens when there is available undeveloped land.
               | Roads are just a symptom.
               | 
               | People build outwards first and then upwards.
        
               | Arainach wrote:
               | There is plenty of undeveloped land that people don't
               | move to because there are no roads to get to.
               | 
               | We have more than a century of data showing that roads
               | are subject to induced demand. If you build more roads,
               | people move and sprawl (and take more trips in general)
               | until traffic is once again unbearably bad.
               | 
               | If you build more lanes, more people move further out.
               | Roads create sprawl.
        
               | xg15 wrote:
               | Also bridges and tunnels, which seem to be very expensive
               | to maintain.
        
             | throwaway48476 wrote:
             | People don't think of it as a subsidy because they are not
             | charged per use a la toll road.
        
           | kortilla wrote:
           | It's not a weasel word, it's a word used to describe any
           | program provided by the government that does not bring in
           | enough revenue on its own to pay for itself.
           | 
           | The same word applies to roads that do not pay for themselves
           | through gas tax and/or tolls.
           | 
           | If the government pays for something through a general fund
           | from income/property/corporate taxes, it's subsidized.
           | 
           | It's important to call these out whenever they are because it
           | means the program is not sustainable on its own and that puts
           | it at risk during austerity, etc.
        
             | eschaton wrote:
             | > not sustainable on its own
             | 
             | Or it is something that provides a benefit to society as a
             | whole and therefore deserves to be maintained by the
             | institution established by society to do such things,
             | government, without assuming economic efficiency is 100%
             | correlated with societal benefit.
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | >The same word applies to roads that do not pay for
             | themselves through gas tax and/or tolls.
             | 
             | I'm German and I can tell you it really does not. Like in a
             | lot of countries car infrastructure is treated like the
             | state of nature, it's just somehow there, and the
             | infrastructure burden of parking, road construction and
             | what have you isn't a topic. It's the 'default culture' and
             | the support it gets is just the status quo, when you try to
             | internalize the cost you cause a shitstorm. Look at how
             | well surge pricing or road toll debates go over in most
             | places, or how sensitive people are to fuel prices.
             | 
             | Rail transport be it commercial or individual despite the
             | fact that it's so much cheaper (in particular on emissions
             | as well) is always one political decision away from being
             | privatized or culled.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | What's the subsidy to road and oil companies right now? Might
         | be nice to just shift it over.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | > requires an annual subsidy of around EUR3bn
         | 
         | I suspect the key is to find ways to run railways cheaper. It
         | has been a long time since railways were under severe cost
         | competition encouraging people to look for efficiencies.
         | 
         | I think the main one would be to find a way for railways to
         | operate with no staff. Just like a typical road operates most
         | of the time with no staff.
         | 
         | That means you need to redesign everything that currently uses
         | people to not need people. Sure - there would still be
         | occasional maintenance - but nobody always on duty driving
         | trains (automated), nobody selling tickets (online), nobody
         | cleaning stuff (automated cleaning of trains inside and out)
         | etc.
        
           | luckylion wrote:
           | I doubt that moves the needle a lot unless you're making
           | _everything_ fully automatic, i.e. including the
           | infrastructure creation & maintenance and streamline that
           | extremely well.
           | 
           | If you take a ride from Hamburg to Berlin with the ICE,
           | there's maybe 8 staff on board, 200-300 passengers, it takes
           | ~2 hours and the average ticket price is 77EUR according to
           | some travel app.
           | 
           | Even if you get rid of all 8 of them, the price per ticket
           | isn't going to be lowered significantly.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | But there is also the ~80 staff manning stations at each
             | end and along the route, and more staff in the control
             | room, the cleaning staff, the people who manually do
             | maintenance checks every single night, etc.
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | You can get rid of the cleaning staff right now. The
               | terminals will become disgusting and people will stop
               | using them. There is no way around this type of overhead.
               | If you have larger numbers of people passing through, you
               | need cleaning and maintenance.
               | 
               | Your original point isn't even true - in California there
               | is constant maintenance of the road network and crews of
               | community service workers doing their sentence cleaning
               | trash on the highway shoulder.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | Roads still have far fewer staff per mile than railways,
               | however you measure.
               | 
               | In turn, that makes them cheaper.
        
               | froddd wrote:
               | Is there a source for this? Is this source heavily
               | context-dependant?
        
           | enaaem wrote:
           | In Japan, rail companies also own the land around the
           | station. There is often a mall or office right on top of the
           | station. So they capture a more of the value of having public
           | transport.
           | 
           | In western countries land lords benefit a lot from nearby
           | public transport for free and maybe only contribute in taxes.
        
             | PlunderBunny wrote:
             | You see the same thing in Hong Kong - the rail company
             | practically creates new towns when they add a new station
             | or extend a rail line.
        
               | Discordian93 wrote:
               | I was under the impression Hong Kong was one big urban
               | area already, is there really empty land new towns can be
               | built on?
        
               | verall wrote:
               | Most of the new territories is not highly developed.
               | Kowloon and hk island are both entirely urban.
        
               | mkl wrote:
               | Yes. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong#Geography,
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_towns_of_Hong_Kong.
        
             | extraduder_ire wrote:
             | Originally, rail worked kind of like this in the US too.
             | Alternating squares of land adjacent to tracks were ceded
             | to railroads, so you'd have sections of public land and
             | private land beside each other.
             | 
             | I learned about this when someone was trying to make a test
             | case of "corner crossing" from one patch of public land to
             | another a while back.
        
           | okanat wrote:
           | When installed and kept up properly with good policymaking
           | railways are always a positive for the economy. They cause a
           | huge amount of cheap movement that increases business
           | activity. Little towns that become railway stops develop much
           | faster. The bigger stations are great for shops and food. The
           | access to education and high-value driving extracurricular
           | activities increase for younger people too. They overall make
           | the economy resilient against all sorts of crisis (energy,
           | markets)
           | 
           | The more railways are used for commuting, the less people are
           | on the road. So it increases the road efficiency too and
           | reduces degradation. Railways are great drivers of innovation
           | and the technology they generate can be backported to cars,
           | they are initial investment drivers.
           | 
           | However, the first if/when is a big one. You can half ass
           | roads. You pay compensation for a pothole every now and then
           | and make small improvement to get votes. You cannot half ass
           | railways. They require constant maintenance and a whole
           | mindset built around them.
           | 
           | Japan does railways correctly. China is getting there. The
           | Netherlands is nearly a paradise of bike and railways.
           | Germany isn't. The countries with almost the same culture,
           | Austria and Switzerland, care much more about their railways
           | and invest them properly however their government aligns.
           | Germans keep electing the right wing party with their
           | ministers of ~BMW~ transport and then complain about 50% of
           | the non-cancelled trains are late and the maintenance cost of
           | the falling apart rail system is quadrupled.
        
         | ericd wrote:
         | The only carbon capture/sequestration method I'm aware of
         | without significant tradeoffs outside of price is direct air
         | capture, and last I saw, that clocked in at $600-1200/ton
         | (Climeworks). So maybe not such a terrible deal?
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | Wetlands do a better job of carbon sequestration than trees.
           | 
           | Globally, we've lost 85 percent of our wetlands since the
           | 1700s.
           | 
           | Maybe we should restore them.
        
         | asmor wrote:
         | The system simply doesn't have more capacity right now.
         | 
         | Germany neglected or even removed their rail infrastructure,
         | especially for the past 25 or so years, after privatization.
         | These "subsidies" are a course correction.
         | 
         | These investments also make it a real pain to use the system
         | right now, because a lot of lines are closing months at a time
         | and the alternatives are already overloaded. I'd rather have a
         | car for the next 5-10 years too - and I live very central with
         | many connections.
         | 
         | Here's a map of disruptions for reference:
         | https://www.zuginfo.nrw/map.html#!P|HimSearch!histId|1!histK...
        
           | tourmalinetaco wrote:
           | Me and my wife are certainly considering getting a car. Cars
           | are a pain in cities, but it would save literally hundreds of
           | hours over the course of even a single year due to just how
           | poor the infra is.
        
         | barrkel wrote:
         | Cars also have a huge subsidy in the form of roads
        
           | Ferret7446 wrote:
           | There are generally taxes (e.g., car or gas taxes) that cover
           | the costs. I don't know about Germany's situation, but it is
           | not impossible to make that net zero.
        
             | eigenspace wrote:
             | Not even close to net zero in Germany. Do you have any
             | examples of countries where car and gas taxes do actually
             | cover the cost of roads?
        
             | threeseed wrote:
             | In Australia, petrol tax raises ~18bn.
             | 
             | Cost of road infrastructure is ~36bn.
        
         | heraldgeezer wrote:
         | Yes, lets subsidize the aviation and car industry more
         | instead!!
         | 
         | Face it, trains is the better option here.
         | 
         | Bike and walk is best of course but troublesome long distance.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Well it's not just a carbon credit, it also provides subsidized
         | public transport to everyone, reduces congestion, improves city
         | air and likely cuts road deaths. Arguably tax dollars extremely
         | well spent.
        
           | tourmalinetaco wrote:
           | Except that due to this cheaper ticket congestion on trains
           | is horrible and since the infrastructure is poorly maintained
           | it's quite common to be late by 1-2 hours while being packed
           | in a sardine tin.
        
         | oxfordmale wrote:
         | This analysis is too simple. Roads need to be maintained, road
         | accidents are a burden on the national health service and air
         | pollution has a long term negative impact on people's health
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Why do you need to price them?
         | 
         | Also, there are countries out there where the average tax payer
         | subsidizes car drivers a lot too.
        
         | risyachka wrote:
         | Who said rail industry should be profitable in the first place?
         | 
         | I would fully support if part of my taxes would subsidize rail
         | industry and I get cheaper prices. Imo good use of tax dollars.
        
       | k__ wrote:
       | It's pretty awesome, but it gets more expensive all the time.
       | 
       | First it started as 9EUR ticket for 3 months.
       | 
       | People loved it, and the government talked about doing a
       | permanent 29EUR ticket.
       | 
       | But now we pay 49EUR and it's already planned to become 59EUR.
       | 
       | Really sad, as it isn't affordable for poor people anymore.
        
         | lispm wrote:
         | > Really sad, as it isn't affordable for poor people anymore.
         | 
         | Depends. In my city "poor" people pay less. Just 19 EUR per
         | month. Pupils don't pay at all. Students pay 29.40 EUR.
        
         | kingkongjaffa wrote:
         | It's still super affordable for the average worker using these
         | tickets to commute.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | It's meant to be an alternative to car drivers which are still
         | gonna save over driving even with multiple hikes ahead.
        
       | internetter wrote:
       | I made an argument for making my local public transportation
       | free: https://boehs.org/node/free-the-t
       | 
       | Some of the arguments is based on similar German research, which
       | is cited.
        
       | hit8run wrote:
       | Look who is putting out this propaganda and who is funding them
       | and then you will understand why the MUST sell this ticket as a
       | success... With the high amount of tax money Germany collects
       | from their slaves (almost 50%) we should have mobile phone
       | coverage everywhere. Truth is there is no network on most high
       | traffic railway tracks. You can't have a phone call without
       | interruption of signal loss when traveling with Deutsche Bahn.
       | They also have no WiFi on the trains, toilets are broken and
       | rarely anything is on time. They wanted to become more reliable
       | but they postponed this goal to 2070!!!
        
       | theendisney4 wrote:
       | The real puzzle imho is to get people to use public transport for
       | the mostly empty route and time combinations. There are many of
       | those for different reasons.
       | 
       | Trains are so heavy it doesnt really cost or save anything if
       | there are people inside or not.
       | 
       | Its like restaurants throwing away food.
        
       | overflyer wrote:
       | Which I as a German simply fail to fathom. The quality of our
       | Deutsche Bahn is so bad I would never drive by train. The worst
       | thing is that they are incapable to have their trains be on time.
       | Whenever you travel there is an extremely high chance you will
       | not arrive at your destination in time.
        
         | Aachen wrote:
         | Not every trip is time sensitive, most trains do run on time,
         | and not all trains are operated by your nemesis. If you still
         | refuse to "ever" take a train anywhere, that's on you rather
         | than the system
        
         | patall wrote:
         | Because it is a regional problem and some areas work mostly
         | fine. I also fail to fanthom why people drive in rush hour,
         | queuing every day for hours. Yet people do that. And people
         | love to complain, especially those that only take trains on
         | public holidays. But hey, here in Sweden the trains are worse
         | than in Germany, but people complain far less and trains are
         | full anyways.
        
       | hankchinaski wrote:
       | Would be interesting to see if the subsidy is covered by
       | additional economic activity to cover the shortfall. If not it
       | won't last long, money doesn't grow on trees
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | On the other hand the Bundeswehr burns through 50 billion a
         | year to do fuck all, so apparently it does indeed grow on
         | trees.
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | It does when maintaining roads, apparently.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | I have to admit the 'all access' ticket system was pretty awesome
       | when I visited. Note that this did not include trains going into
       | Austria (even if you road them only in Germany). Nearly every
       | city is joined by rail and it's incredible.
       | 
       | Sadly in the US Midwest we just don't have there population
       | density to do this sort of thing.
        
       | ggernov wrote:
       | The reason nobody uses public transit in America is it's always
       | packed with transients or dangerous people.
       | 
       | I took public transit all the time living in Melbourne since it
       | was clean and silent nearly 98% of the time. Same in the
       | Netherlands.
        
         | tantivy wrote:
         | Hundreds of thousands of people use public transit daily in
         | America. Long headways, poor coverage, and lackluster
         | maintenance budgets are a much more important problem than what
         | you're describing.
        
         | partiallypro wrote:
         | I think this is one reason why it is rarely expanded, people
         | associate the stops as a way for criminals to get around; but I
         | think usage is not great largely because it hasn't
         | expanded...it's a self-feeding cycle.
        
         | add-sub-mul-div wrote:
         | > The reason nobody uses public transit in America is it's
         | always packed with transients or dangerous people.
         | 
         | That's a lie told by people who sell fear as a product to
         | people who always want new reasons to live in fear.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | This last week we would've probably all seen the photos of the
       | gridlock on I-75 as Tampa Bay residents fled Hurricane Milton. If
       | you followed the story you know it eventually became almost
       | impossible to evacuate.
       | 
       | We should also know how much more efficient buses are on roads at
       | moving people than individual cars are. You can fit ~60 people on
       | a bus that takes up the space of ~2 cars.
       | 
       | What should happen in these emergencies is there should be
       | dedicated bus lanes and dedicates buses to evacuate people.
       | 
       | But beyond that, what we should learn from this is that lack of
       | public transit (intracity and intercity) is a public safety
       | issue. Cars simply aren't an efficient use of resources.
       | 
       | You can see from the comments here people will talk about
       | "subsidies" for rail. Why does rail need to turn a profit? Roads
       | don't. The Post Office doesn't. The Fire Department doesn't. Yet
       | for some reason we hold public transport infrastructure to a
       | higher standard.
       | 
       | Americans, in particular, love their cars. And there has been a
       | powerful lobbying operation to associate rail with tax increases.
       | This is so short-sighted because nobody is confiscating your car.
       | Fewer people on the roads will improve your driving experience
       | and travel times.
       | 
       | We see in the UK that it's cheaper to fly to Spain than to take
       | intercity train journeys. As far as I'm concerned, citywide rail
       | (eg the Tube in London, the NYC Subway) should be free and
       | intercity rail should have a nominal cost that is cheaper than
       | driving.
        
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