[HN Gopher] Show HN: HTML for People
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Show HN: HTML for People
        
       Author : blakewatson
       Score  : 589 points
       Date   : 2024-10-10 17:47 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (htmlforpeople.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (htmlforpeople.com)
        
       | ErikAugust wrote:
       | One additional book recommendation: HTML and CSS, the Good Parts.
        
       | henning wrote:
       | This is great. I love you how started with a tiny HTML file and
       | didn't immediately ask the user to install NodeJS and VS Code and
       | a ton of other webdev shit.
        
         | autoexec wrote:
         | This is a lesson that a lot of professionals could stand to
         | relearn. They don't actually need hundreds of MBs of JS to
         | display basic text and images. Accessibility and failing
         | gracefully are way too often ignored.
        
       | divbzero wrote:
       | I love the order of tutorial, starting simple to deploy something
       | first:
       | 
       | 1. Use Notepad/TextEdit to create a plain text _index.html_.
       | 
       | 2. Deploy _index.html_ to Neocities or similar.
       | 
       | 3. Add content with headings and images.
       | 
       | And only then going back to:
       | 
       | 4. Make it proper HTML with <head> and <body>.
       | 
       | 5. Upgrade Notepad/TextEdit to Visual Studio Code.
        
         | have_faith wrote:
         | You're probably already aware, but <html>, <head> and <body> is
         | optional in HTML5, so it's a "proper" document without them.
        
           | cryptoz wrote:
           | Isn't doctype still required by the spec in HTML5 in order to
           | be "proper"? Perhaps I'm mistaken but I thought I remembered
           | that it's technically 'required'.
        
             | edflsafoiewq wrote:
             | It enables quirks mode when missing.
        
             | wild_egg wrote:
             | The only elements that are absolutely required are doctype
             | and a non-empty title. Most minimal valid HTML doc:
             | <!DOCTYPE html>         <title>Foo</title>
        
               | sureIy wrote:
               | Correct.
               | 
               | Fun fact: you do not need to close most tags in a valid
               | HTML5 document.
               | 
               | This is valid:                   <!DOCTYPE html>
               | <title>Foo</title>         <p>paragraph         <p>second
               | <ul>             <li>item         </ul>         <table>
               | <tr><td>hi!         </table>
        
             | sureIy wrote:
             | It is, but I'd argue that _people_ wouldn 't even notice
             | that the document is in quirks mode.
             | 
             | I think you'd really only want a TITLE tag so that it
             | appears as a tab name. Anything else is really optional for
             | _people_ and you 'd only really need BR, A, and IMG
        
       | aardvark179 wrote:
       | Why, "Start coding already!" rather than something like, "Start
       | writing already?" I think half the barrier to people building
       | sites is that they think they need to know how to code, and that
       | seems scary, but they do know what they want to write, and that
       | seems more approachable.
        
         | blakewatson wrote:
         | OP here. Oooh that's a good suggestion. Yeah it's hard to shed
         | the webdev persona and see it through fresh eyes--even though I
         | specifically tried to do just that!
        
           | vivzkestrel wrote:
           | "Start typing already"
        
             | xnorswap wrote:
             | "Start creating already"
             | 
             | People don't want to be _typists_ either, they want to be
             | creators.
        
         | blakewatson wrote:
         | I went with "Get started already" :)
        
       | mightybyte wrote:
       | I think the fundamental approach being taken by this project is
       | immensely valuable to the world. This kind of education about
       | open standards might actually be the most powerful tool that can
       | help us take steps in the direction away from giant opaque
       | corporations and back towards the systems based on open standards
       | that the internet originated from. I really hope this project
       | continues to be updated and get more and more eyes and
       | contributors. If you feel the same way, I'd say at least throw it
       | a GitHub star. https://github.com/blakewatson/htmlforpeople
       | 
       | (Note: I have nothing to do with this project thus far and have
       | nothing to gain from saying this.)
        
         | otteromkram wrote:
         | Mozilla has amazing documentation that's been around for years.
         | 
         | Here's their basic html tutorial section:
         | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML
         | 
         | No one is or has been stopping people from learning HTML.
        
           | baggy_trough wrote:
           | Super approachable. (sure Jan meme.gif)
        
             | Diti wrote:
             | That's the website my high school used in engineering
             | sciences classes to give students an introduction to HTML.
             | I don't see the point of your comment (I think it's
             | sarcasm, but I'm not even sure), can you be a little bit
             | more constructive?
        
               | dartharva wrote:
               | The point may be that OP's guide is not meant for high
               | school/engineering students, it is meant for _everyone_.
               | MDN 's "introductory" sections have too many big words to
               | be of use to laypeople.
        
           | thenameless7741 wrote:
           | As a technical person who recently taught myself frontend
           | from scratch, I found https://web.dev/learn way more
           | structured and thorough. The CSS lesson covers all the
           | essentials and actually made me enjoy working with CSS.
           | 
           | web.dev doesn't get as much love as MDN, but it totally
           | should!
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | HTML for People is _waaaay_ more approachable than this. My
           | wife could follow the HTML for People tutorial. It shows you
           | how to create a real web page in a real browser without first
           | bogging you down in coding details.
           | 
           | The MDN tutorial is talking about img alt attributes before
           | you even create a single .html file! That's how to put people
           | off.
        
         | blakewatson wrote:
         | OP here. I appreciate the kind words. Yeah, I hope it finds its
         | way into the hands of non-professionals.
        
           | dartharva wrote:
           | Will you add on to it to include custom CSS, or maybe a
           | section for using different CSS templates (and where to find
           | them), to make a slightly larger website like your own
           | (blakewatson.com)?
        
             | blakewatson wrote:
             | No I think I will probably keep it focused on HTML. I think
             | my "CSS basics" chapter is as far as I want to go with
             | styling. But I would love to see other folks publish easy-
             | to-understand CSS tutorials.
        
           | Theodores wrote:
           | ::backdrop was useful to me. Right now I am learning the last
           | two years of stuff, refreshing my frontend skills. Things
           | like scoping are a dream come true.
           | 
           | I haven't got all the way through it, but seeing the contents
           | drop-down made me feel at home.
           | 
           | I put document structure first so the content looks good with
           | no styling and no class attributes. I use no divs, just the
           | more sensible elements. Sections, Articles, Asides and Navs
           | work for me. There should be headings at the start of these
           | elements, optionally in a Header and optionally ending with a
           | Footer. The main structure is Header - Main - Footer.
           | 
           | Really there should be a need to keep it simple, and that
           | begins with the document structure. It is then possible with
           | scoping to style the elements within a block without having
           | to use any classes except for at the top of a block.
           | 
           | It infuriates me that we have gone the other way to make
           | everything more and more complex. We have turned something
           | everyone should be able to work with into an outsourced
           | cottage industry. Nowadays the tool chain needed for frontend
           | development is stupid and a true barrier to entry. Whenever
           | you look under the hood there is nothing but bloat.
           | 
           | My approach requires strict adherence to a document
           | structure, however, my HTML content is fully human readable
           | and the content looks great without a stylesheet, albeit HTML
           | 1.0 pre-Netscape looking.
           | 
           | Tim Berners Lee did not have class attributes in HTML 1.0 but
           | he did want content sectioning. Now that there is CSS grid it
           | is easy to style up a structured document. However, 'sea of
           | divs' HTML requires 'display: contents' to massage the
           | simplest of form to fit into a grid.
           | 
           | I feel that a guide is needed for experienced frontend
           | developers that are still churning out 'sea of div' content.
           | In the Mozilla guide for 'div' it says that it is the element
           | of last resort. I never need the 'div' because there is
           | always something better.
           | 
           | The CSS compilers are also redundant when working with
           | scoping and structured content. Sadly my IDE is out of date
           | so I have to put the scoping in at the end as it does not
           | recognise @scope. Time to upgrade...
           | 
           | Anyway, brilliant guide, in the right direction and of great
           | interest to me and my peculiar way of writing super neat
           | content and styling.
        
         | crabmusket wrote:
         | I really hope so too. I really wonder what would happen if
         | there was an alternative like... instead of spending X dozen
         | hours learning how to use WordPress, or MS Word for that
         | matter, people (in the general population) felt like spending
         | those X dozen hours learning HTML was a viable and useful
         | alternative to achieving their goals!
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | This is great. The decision to skip CSS by depending on
       | https://simplecss.org/ is smart - CSS is a whole other thing, and
       | having that on top of basic HTML would be pretty intimidating.
       | 
       | I did worry a bit about https://htmlforpeople.com/zero-to-
       | internet-your-first-websit... - "Step 1. Create a folder on your
       | computer" - because apparently a large number of people these
       | days don't understand files and folders at all!
       | https://www.theverge.com/22684730/students-file-folder-direc...
       | 
       | Not sure how best to approach that though. Having a whole chapter
       | of the book explaining files and folders feels pretty redundant.
       | Maybe there's something good you could link to?
        
         | acheong08 wrote:
         | It's crazy how bad the mobile epidemic has gotten. There are
         | kids coming into a Computer Science degree that can't figure
         | out how to unzip a zip or even finding out where files get
         | downloaded to. (Fwiw, those I know dropped out before 2nd year)
        
           | MathMonkeyMan wrote:
           | My dad was asking me a question about backing something up
           | onto Google Drive, or saving space on some cloud storage
           | account, or something.
           | 
           | He was using the mental model of files and folders -- that
           | files exist and refer to stored bytes, and that there can be
           | one or several copies of a file. There can be links to a file
           | that take very little space relative to the file.
           | 
           | I had to tell him that I have no idea what sort of storage
           | model these services expose, if any, and that the concept of
           | a file system backed by a storage device is not the analogy
           | that applications expose to their users these days.
           | 
           | He eventually understood, but I could feel his frustration --
           | that the mental model he had was really just chosen by a past
           | moment in application design, and that what replaced it is
           | nebulous and disempowering.
        
             | username135 wrote:
             | Can you elaborate on what you told your father?
             | 
             | When i use google drive, the interface appears to be
             | folder/file structure. Whether it is or is made to look
             | that way is irrelevant, i suppose, as long as it works that
             | way. I can also increase storage by downloading/deleting
             | things so Im a bit flummoxed.
        
               | MathMonkeyMan wrote:
               | I don't remember if he was trying to save space on his
               | Google Drive or on his phone. His question was, mostly,
               | that if he deleted files in one place, where would the
               | space savings appear? I immediately thought of Windows'
               | OneDrive and how it's sort of an automated rsync setup. I
               | didn't know enough about his phone, which apps he was
               | using, or about Google Drive to give an answer better
               | than "I don't know, and I detect that some of your
               | assumptions are probably wrong."
        
               | NavinF wrote:
               | I grew up before cloud storage was mainstream, but I
               | never thought the new model was confusing.
               | 
               | - Google Drive caches recent files and downloads other
               | files on demand. Just like iCloud Drive, MS OneDrive,
               | etc.
               | 
               | - Deleting files will free up space on your Google
               | account.
               | 
               | - Clicking the "clear offline files" button will free up
               | space on device.
               | 
               | All these offering are quite similar with just a few
               | extra features here and there
        
               | layman51 wrote:
               | In my opinion, Google Drive is basically the same as the
               | traditional file structure. Where it gets very confusing
               | for people is when it comes to collaboration. Before 2020
               | or so, there was confusion around copying the same Google
               | Doc so it appears in multiple locations, and making
               | shortcuts to it instead. Look up stuff around the "Shift
               | + Z" keyboard shortcut if you want to learn more.
        
               | ffsm8 wrote:
               | Google drive uses the same storage quota for other
               | services like Gmail and Photos, these aren't visible from
               | the drive directory structure
        
               | mr_toad wrote:
               | > the interface appears to be folder/file structure
               | 
               | It might look that way, but it doesn't have the same
               | features.
               | 
               | https://aws.amazon.com/compare/the-difference-between-
               | block-...
        
             | peterkelly wrote:
             | Google drive follows the files and folders model that your
             | father was expecting.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | It gets confusing when you use all google services
               | though, because while google photos technically use your
               | drive space, they aren't really exposed that way. Android
               | generally gives you a warning that when you delete a
               | photo that it's also being removed from your cloud
               | storage too though. But google photos will also
               | constantly prompt you to let it delete your local copies
               | and only have the cloud copies, so you end up having no
               | idea what they are actually doing. Just drive itself is
               | pretty straight forward though since it's mostly separate
               | from the phone and deleting from the phone has no bearing
               | on what's on drive, unless you deleting from within the
               | drives app itself.
        
               | psnehanshu wrote:
               | Come on! Google Photos is not confusing at all. It is
               | very clear on what it does, but I may be biased.
        
               | IIsi50MHz wrote:
               | Try enabling Google Photos to automatically upload images
               | from multiple devices to the same account.
               | 
               | If Google Photos is low on space, try deleting from
               | Google Photos without causing it to delete from all other
               | devices. Seems to require manually copying all those
               | files to an untracked folder, then deleting from Google
               | Photos.
               | 
               | Try managing which folders Google Photos syncs:
               | 
               | When it asks to add a newly found folder, the app doesn't
               | give any way to find out where that folder is or what's
               | in it, unless the folder's name only occurs once on the
               | device.
               | 
               | Try removing folders from the app ("Whups, didn't mean to
               | backup all the graphic assets of a random app that
               | foolishly doesn't use 'nomedia'!"), where the folder name
               | is not unique. It again gives nothing more than folder
               | names and no indication of where they are or what's in
               | them.
               | 
               | Try getting Google Photos to list where every file first
               | came from, so you know where the originals are (for
               | various reasons).
        
             | mch82 wrote:
             | It's ridiculous how complicated it's gotten to answer my
             | parents' questions about stuff like this. The old desktop
             | metaphors are gone. Screens are difficult for older eyes to
             | read. Every app has a cloud service. Really seems like huge
             | step back in usability.
        
               | dspillett wrote:
               | _> Screens are difficult for older eyes to read._
               | 
               | For my Dad, we got him a "simple phone" - it basically
               | does calls and texts, has big buttons in pretty much the
               | style of old Nokia phones but chunkier. The screen is
               | larger and higher resolution than those, so the text is
               | nice and clear. It works really well for him in terms of
               | being able to cope with it with his eyes and getting the
               | job done.
               | 
               |  _> Every app has a cloud service_
               | 
               | And that phone doesn't run apps at all... For things
               | beyond calls and texts1 he uses a laptop, largely keeping
               | with the files/folders metaphor and no extra apps.
               | 
               | ----
               | 
               | [1] managing his banking, certain shopping though he
               | often instead asks one of us to do that as he is wary or
               | falling into scam sites, facebook for more passively
               | getting news on what family a-far is getting up to, his
               | collection of digital photos (he used to take a lot), and
               | such
        
           | tiffanyh wrote:
           | It can be even worse.
           | 
           | I've seen younger generation only use Google Docs and
           | streaming services (music/video) and not even understand what
           | a "file" is, because everything is just on the internet.
        
             | al_borland wrote:
             | Doesn't Google Docs stores its files on Google Drive? What
             | do they call the things they open to open an existing doc?
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | It does, but the file structure isn't really exposed
               | unless you go looking for it. You mostly just work off
               | your recent files and such.
        
               | ukuina wrote:
               | > What do they call the things they open to open an
               | existing doc?
               | 
               | Still Google Docs? Many people use docs.google.com daily,
               | but they have never visited drive.google.com
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | I didn't know that, and I've used docs about as long as
               | it's existed and used to use drive a little years and
               | years ago.
        
           | crooked-v wrote:
           | Calling it an "epidemic" isn't really helpful. The reason
           | there's this shortcoming isn't because it's some problem
           | inherent to those darn kids, it's because the state of
           | computer education is expect them to just figure it out on
           | their own when they have no need or reason to do so.
        
           | bartvk wrote:
           | I'd say half of my first-year CS students don't know how to
           | create a folder with files, at the start of the school year.
           | To me, it's nuts. But on the other hand, lots of students are
           | very curious and come to learn. You can't blame them for not
           | knowing something.
        
             | giobox wrote:
             | I try not to get overly-annoyed at this kind of thing too,
             | but to me it just demonstrates an incredible lack of self-
             | drive, or curiosity, especially in the CS domain.
             | 
             | If the students are genuinely curious, there is nothing to
             | stop them learning about pretty much any topic in CS -
             | really. There are few university subjects where the entire
             | syllabus is freely available online in almost every format
             | imaginable the way CS often is, and very often the computer
             | _you already have_ works just fine to learn it on.
        
               | dockd wrote:
               | To keep that line of reasoning going, what is the purpose
               | of the university, if you're supposed to learn everything
               | on your own?
        
               | james_marks wrote:
               | I know this is sarcasm, but--
               | 
               | Network building, external proof of ability to work, and
               | a place (and just as important - a time) to translate who
               | you are into who you want to be.
               | 
               | These were always the reasons, the rest you learn on the
               | job.
        
               | brailsafe wrote:
               | Ya, I have to agree. Although you may learn, it's clearly
               | not the primary intention of a University to teach
               | anything but your ability to do whatever it takes to
               | score well or do publishable research.
        
               | Suppafly wrote:
               | >To keep that line of reasoning going, what is the
               | purpose of the university, if you're supposed to learn
               | everything on your own?
               | 
               | It's not that you have to learn everything on your own
               | though, it's that if you enter a program without having
               | some understanding of the basics, you're going to have to
               | pay to take a bunch of remedial classes.
               | 
               | It'd be like going for a mathematics degree when the
               | highest class you took in high school was algebra, where
               | the normal degree students would be starting with Calc 3
               | or Differential Equations. You might be ok in the major
               | or you might not, but you don't even know enough to start
               | on the path at that point.
        
               | lmm wrote:
               | That's exactly why I switched out of CS and did a degree
               | in something that was harder to teach myself
               | (mathematics).
               | 
               | I'm a programmer now, but I don't think finishing the CS
               | course would've helped much with that.
        
               | dspillett wrote:
               | A good CS course isn't really about programming in that
               | sense. A CS degree is to programming what a maths degree
               | is to, say, statistics methods, or at least it should be.
               | You are expected to learn the "hum-drum details"1
               | yourself (perhaps with guidance of course) or already
               | know some of them, with the course exploring wider or
               | deeper concepts (the why, wherefore, and therefore, of
               | those details).
               | 
               | Your maths degree probably did as much as a CS degree
               | would have done (expanding your ability to learn, analyse
               | & problem solve, etc.) allowing you to learn the
               | technical details of programming on your own. CS was
               | essentially birthed from a branch or two of mathematics,
               | after all!
               | 
               | People who want/need a programming course (which is
               | perfectly valid, I don't mean to denigrate the position
               | in the slightest) are probably not best served by a
               | traditional CS degree.
               | 
               | --
               | 
               | [1] "hum-drum" sounds a bit too negative for what I was
               | intending, but my brain isn't firing on all cylinders
               | this morning and I can't think of a better term for what
               | I was thinking there!
        
               | vundercind wrote:
               | CS has always been a lot more like the arts/music than
               | most other majors, in this regard. If you don't come in
               | with _way_ more knowledge about and skill with computers
               | than the median college-bound high school graduate,
               | you're gonna have a bad time.
               | 
               | It's kinda shitty, but for a long time PC gaming as a
               | gateway drug for young kids let universities just assume
               | a fat pipeline of already-computer-savvy applicants.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | Access to mentors, books, peers, and recognition after
               | graduating?
        
               | bo1024 wrote:
               | Are you sure they have a computer (i.e. something with a
               | keyboard and a filesystem that it is possible to write
               | and run programs on) at home?
        
               | lukan wrote:
               | It is way harder, as those devices seemed designed for
               | consumption, but also with smartphones and tablets, one
               | can get under the hood.
               | 
               | (Hurrey for Termux)
        
               | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
               | You wouldn't expect someone with no experience on a
               | normal computer to manage to get under the hood of a
               | modern smartphone os.
        
               | mr_toad wrote:
               | Computers existed before keyboards and filesystems, and
               | likely they will continue to exist after both are
               | obsolete.
        
               | II2II wrote:
               | In some respects, a modern mobile phone has more in
               | common with minicomputers than minicomputers had with
               | computers before keyboards and file systems. Being able
               | to interact with computers in a meaningful way
               | transformed computers from programmable calculators and
               | data processing machines into something entirely
               | different. I would imagine that more people have seen
               | those archaic computers in museums than during their
               | service life simply because there was no need to interact
               | with those computers back in the day. Even a web
               | developer has more direct control over a server in a data
               | centre than most early programmers had over early
               | computers. (At least those used in businesses. Computers
               | used for research were a different story.)
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | That's the easiest thing to get ahold of. You can find
               | them for cheap on ebay.
        
               | johnmaguire wrote:
               | When I was a kid, this wasn't something I could afford or
               | that my parents were willing to pay for. I did oftentimes
               | use the library computers, but they were locked down (of
               | course, half the fun was finding ways around that.)
               | 
               | I was very lucky that my middle school (in a fairly low-
               | income area) was given a grant by NASA that allowed them
               | to supply all of us with laptops during the school year.
               | I surely wouldn't be where I am today without it.
        
             | Suppafly wrote:
             | >I'd say half of my first-year CS students don't know how
             | to create a folder with files, at the start of the school
             | year.
             | 
             | I learned CS ~20 years ago and it was mostly the same. Half
             | of the first year is people that are vaguely interested in
             | computers, video games, or heard it was a good way to make
             | money, and didn't really have any real skills going into
             | it.
             | 
             | It is somewhat different now, because there are students
             | that think they are good with technology but really have no
             | idea how things work, they just think they know because
             | they are slightly better than their peers at using phones
             | and tablets.
        
             | JodieBenitez wrote:
             | I'm probably old, but we used to learn DOS prompt basics
             | (and folders and files and stuff) in what would be the
             | equivalent of junior high school in the US. And not in
             | special courses, it was "normal". Heck, I was even
             | introduced to Microsoft Basic at school while in the
             | equivalent of 4th grade on these funny Thomson MO5
             | computers.
             | 
             | But that's not what they are taught now. They are taught to
             | use social media and cloud services, which is completely
             | useless since they figured this out themselves already.
             | 
             | The education system here just keeps them early in a
             | consumer mind state. It has absolutely no ambition and is
             | just a race to the bottom.
        
           | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
           | At one point, every member of a CS program started without
           | having ever seen or touched a computer. Everyone has to start
           | somewhere. We do not reject new biology majors because they
           | had never touched a microscope before entering the program.
        
             | Novosell wrote:
             | The difference is that these days the people are surrounded
             | by computers and probably interact with a computer many
             | hours every day, yet they are barely more tech savvy than
             | that first lot who had never seen a computer before.
             | 
             | But so it goes when society moves forward.
        
             | mckn1ght wrote:
             | Sure, but I think the typical path for those who survive
             | and strive in a CS program is to have touched a computer
             | for the first time _well_ before starting work on a college
             | degree for it.
             | 
             | That's like trying to learn a foreign language by picking
             | reading War and Peace in that language, without ever having
             | seen a single translation to that language, or having
             | already read War and Peace in your own. There are a lot of
             | steps you need to take before then.
             | 
             | I would also be pretty surprised if a biology undergrad had
             | never touched a microscope, possibly with the exception of
             | the most impoverished among us. I imagine most people have
             | tried one at some point along the K-12 journey, and there
             | are more introductory treatments of e.g. life science on
             | the way as well.
             | 
             | Starting CS without having "seen or touched" a computer
             | would be like a biology undergrad who wouldn't be able to
             | tell you whether a dog or a tree is a plant or animal.
        
             | brailsafe wrote:
             | If you're saying that at one point in history, a given
             | cohort of new CS students had never seen or touched a
             | computer, I have my doubts, but it depends on how you
             | define CS program. Before computer science was a formalized
             | education stream, it had a variety of other names like
             | "Business Computing" or something related to information
             | technology, but you'd have to go pretty far back imo before
             | you find a whole classroom of entrants into such a program
             | that had never seen or touched a computer. By the time it
             | was called CS, I do find it a bit of a reach that you'd
             | find less than say 10% of students opting into taking it
             | without that low bar being passed.
             | 
             | Likewise the biology example seems strange; sure _maybe_
             | people haven 't used a microscope specifically (unlikely
             | imo), but they very likely have used any number of other
             | implements and taken at least one secondary school biology
             | course
        
             | Suppafly wrote:
             | >We do not reject new biology majors because they had never
             | touched a microscope before entering the program.
             | 
             | No but you'd presumably make them take some remedial
             | classes that the mainstream students wouldn't be required
             | to take. Or maybe not, I'm not sure how it works in
             | biology, but in the harder STEM majors, you're generally
             | expected to have some basic knowledge beyond what the
             | 'easy' track at high school required for graduation.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | It's also just what people are familiar with and had to
           | learn.
           | 
           | I know incredibly competent web developers who don't know
           | what SSH is or how to use it. Boggles my mind, but I grew up
           | with it so it's what I'm used to.
        
           | ordu wrote:
           | _> can 't figure out how to unzip a zip or even finding out
           | where files get downloaded to._
           | 
           | I have issues with that. FF doesn't show the path in the list
           | of downloads. There is a button to start a file manager, but
           | I have no file managers installed, so button doesn't work. In
           | some cases I didn't find the better way than to copy the link
           | and to download again with wget.
        
             | eddd-ddde wrote:
             | If you don't have a file manager on your system chances are
             | you can figure out where downloads are going to.
        
               | ordu wrote:
               | Well, I manage it sometimes, but I then I forget how I
               | did it. I think the way to do it, is to try to download
               | something with ff again, but stop at the file chooser
               | dialog to figure out where it points to.
        
               | tiborsaas wrote:
               | You can configure FF that it will ask you each time,
               | where you want to save the file.
        
           | necovek wrote:
           | I've been hacking at computers for almost 30 years, and I
           | cannot figure out where a file gets downloaded to on a mobile
           | (Android) phone.
        
             | chronogram wrote:
             | That sounds really difficult for you. It's just a
             | "Download" folder on my device, just like in most operating
             | systems since the '00s.
        
               | necovek wrote:
               | My apologies, what I meant was "saved" to. Different
               | applications have different default locations without
               | ever prompting for it. I did figure out where FF mobile
               | downloads files.
               | 
               | But attempting to save an attachment (from Telegram,
               | WhatsApp, Viber...) and then either open it or attach it
               | from another program leaves me perplexed. I generally
               | rely on "share with" to avoid this, but I am guessing not
               | all apps register proper MIME types or detect them
               | properly so the option I need doesn't show up every time.
               | 
               | I guess the fact that I mostly moved from DOS to Linux
               | never really got me away from thinking about files and
               | directories, and inconsistency in Android really bothers
               | me.
        
               | accrual wrote:
               | I get your frustration, that was an inconsistency I
               | disliked about Android too. I felt like it was fairly
               | normal for "power users" to have an 3rd party file
               | browser with more functions to help manage the files on
               | the phone.
               | 
               | One thing I appreciate about iOS is there's a Files
               | app/UI, and if your app wants to save some user-facing
               | data, it can go into the Files app. From there it's a
               | simplified Explorer/Finder type file browser. It's not
               | perfect but its consistent to me.
        
               | jcynix wrote:
               | >I guess the fact that I mostly moved from DOS to Linux
               | never really got me away from thinking about files and
               | directories, and inconsistency in Android really bothers
               | me.
               | 
               | Been there too. After some (maybe a lot) investigation I
               | learned that this "inconsistency" in Android happens,
               | because some apps use "private" directories which you (or
               | other apps) aren't allowed to look at. Think of these as
               | directories of user Linux users who turned off read
               | access for others, i.e. "chmog og-r $HOME"
               | 
               | After finding apps like Solid Explorer and especially
               | Termux, I learned to comprehend what's going on. But I
               | still hate it that apps (and Android) prevent me from
               | looking at my data the way I like to do it. For "security
               | reasons" I not allowed to view things on my devices?
               | Sheesh!
               | 
               | Nice apps like Markor or Diary (from Bill Farmer) store
               | their data in user visible directories. As such apps
               | exist, I tend to ignore those with limiting my access.
        
               | johnmaguire wrote:
               | Mm, that's not exactly true. Having done a bit of Android
               | development, these days you're rarely operating on a
               | "home directory" structure like you might be familiar
               | with from Windows, Linux, etc. Instead you're saving
               | files to a "container" filesystem that's exposed to the
               | user in a few facets: Downloads, Photos, Music, etc.
               | 
               | What's even more confusing is that some apps save images
               | directly to the "Gallery" which is separate from the
               | "file and folder" view you get otherwise. So (as an
               | inaccurate example), Fujifilm's app might download
               | directly to your "Camera Roll" while GoPro's app might
               | create a "GoPro" directory to dump photos/videos in,
               | which offers more separation but doesn't appear in the
               | "Photos" app by default.
               | 
               | Some apps even have toggles to switch between these two
               | methods of saving files - though if I recall correctly,
               | the non-Gallery/Camera Roll method (while desirable to
               | many users) of saving images has technically been
               | deprecated for a while.
               | 
               | You can read more here:
               | https://developer.android.com/training/data-storage
        
           | treflop wrote:
           | With all due respect, it's not like your average person who
           | drives all the time knows how their car works at all either.
        
             | tdeck wrote:
             | This feels more like an apprentice mechanic not knowing
             | what neutral is.
        
               | khafra wrote:
               | It _should_ be like a physicist studying Carnot Engines
               | not knowing what neutral is; but for some reason Computer
               | Science degrees are also expected to be developer
               | certificate programs.
        
           | rectang wrote:
           | > It's crazy how bad the mobile epidemic has gotten.
           | 
           | It's crazy how well mobile's robust security model has
           | protected the suddenly computing masses.
        
             | theoldways wrote:
             | We need freedom, not paternalism. And yet, somehow, despite
             | this nanny state utopia, my data gets leaked approximately
             | once every 17 minutes. Security my entire ass.
        
         | asoneth wrote:
         | > The decision to skip CSS by depending on
         | https://simplecss.org/ is smart
         | 
         | I was always a little disappointed with how most web browsers
         | choose to render HTML pages that had no explicit styling
         | information. I'm not necessarily saying web browsers should
         | have defaults as opinionated as simple.css, but the default
         | page margins, padding, text styles, headings, etc that they
         | picked aren't particularly attractive.
         | 
         | Opinionated web developers will override the defaults no matter
         | what they are, but if the convention was to have more
         | attractive defaults I wonder if that would have resulted in a
         | larger share of personal websites and blogs created using plain
         | HTML.
        
           | simonw wrote:
           | That's a historic artifact. If a browser shipped new default
           | CSS today it would break 30+ years of existing web pages.
        
             | MrVandemar wrote:
             | Hyperbole. It wouldn't "break" all the web pages, they
             | would simply render differently.
        
               | california-og wrote:
               | There's a lot of sites between pure html and modern css.
               | "Simply" rendering things differently would definitely
               | break a lot of sites. Just imagine if browsers started
               | defaulting to *{box-sizing: border-box;}.
        
             | thejohnconway wrote:
             | They should have brought in nicer rendering with one of the
             | HTML versions, or with a flag.
        
             | asoneth wrote:
             | Oh absolutely, that ship has long since sailed, it's just
             | me lamenting a world that could have been if something
             | closer to simple.css or tufte-css had been the norm.
             | 
             | Though with "reader mode" becoming more popular I wonder if
             | there's a place for a browser with more opinionated
             | defaults.
        
           | chrisfinazzo wrote:
           | There's a reason why the CSS ["reset"][1] is still with us -
           | the lower level user-agent stylesheet never really adopted
           | any of this stuff. Presumably, this was to reduce the delta
           | between browser engines (vendor prefixes, etc, etc.) but it
           | would be nice to see _some_ movement in this area.
           | 
           | [1]: https://meyerweb.com/eric/tools/css/reset/
           | 
           | As you point out, people who care will use some of the
           | defaults and override others as they go along, but a small
           | bit of effort goes a long way:                   html, body {
           | margin: 0;           padding: 0;         }              body
           | {           line-height: 1.6;           -webkit-font-
           | smoothing: antialiased;         }              img, picture,
           | video, canvas, svg {           display: block;           max-
           | width: 100%;         }              input, button, textarea,
           | select {           font: inherit;         }              p,
           | h1, h2, h3 {           overflow-wrap: break-word;         }
        
         | BirdEBird wrote:
         | Good article, but the reason is obvious: When opening an app or
         | a web app stopped opening a new document and started to present
         | a list of recent documents, that was the beginning of the end.
         | If someone wants a file, they open the app for that file and
         | scroll down. They have never needed to make sense of a file
         | existing independently of the app in which it was create and
         | may be viewed. This process was cemented by iOS's absence of a
         | file manager.
        
           | divbzero wrote:
           | The Android Files app has always allowed access to local
           | files, and the iOS Files app has allowed access to local
           | files since 2019.
           | 
           | https://www.cultofmac.com/news/files-app-makes-ipad-more-
           | mac...
           | 
           | However, neither of them are typically used in mobile UX
           | patterns.
        
             | jachee wrote:
             | The five years since then haven't been enough time to
             | change 12 years of behavior.
        
             | cryptoz wrote:
             | > the iOS Files app has allowed access to local files since
             | 2019
             | 
             | Huh. I just opened my Files app on my iPhone 12 and went to
             | On My iPhone (which was 2-3 more taps once arriving in the
             | app). I don't see many of my files though, just a few. Some
             | PDFs and a Spotify folder. But I don't see my pictures
             | there? Or are pictures no longer stored as 'files'? Or do
             | you mean that the app has allowed access only to _some_
             | local _user_ files? It 's not all local files. And it's not
             | all non-system local files. And it's not all user files. In
             | fact it is missing > 99% of my user-space files
             | (specifically ones created with default-OS applications on
             | device, by the user).
             | 
             | And if I make a Note in the Notes app, will it show up as a
             | file in the Files app? Probably not, I would guess. Because
             | the note probably isn't really a file anyway. So pictures
             | aren't files, and notes aren't files. What would a file be
             | then? Are files only PDFs? That's the only thing that shows
             | up for me. I guess PDFs are the only things that are files
             | then!
             | 
             | Super confusing experience. I'm a mobile app developer by
             | the way - on Android. Android sucks at this too of course.
             | But the iOS Files app is much too limited to enable users
             | to 'get' the concept of a file.
        
               | jwagenet wrote:
               | Photos taken on the camera, shared to you, or "saved to
               | photos" will live in the Photos app. The files app
               | primarily contains things you download from your web
               | browser, including images downloaded and not "saved to
               | photos" and images extracted from zip, etc. I guess some
               | apps can save data there too. It would be nice if there
               | was a back road to images stored in Photos app via Files
               | app, but the distinction is otherwise well defined.
        
               | cryptoz wrote:
               | Aha! So _some_ photos are actually  'files', but some are
               | not! The confusion continues! I get why Apple has it this
               | way - current iPhones are very very popular and selling
               | them with the current UX makes Apple a lot of money.
               | 
               | But it's pretty clear that the Files app is not meant -
               | in any way - to help users understand computers, what
               | files are, etc. It is obtuse and confusing as soon as the
               | user wants to leave the iOS ecosystem (even to go use a
               | Mac).
        
               | nox101 wrote:
               | you're jumping to conclusions. One does not follow from
               | the other.
               | 
               | (a) apple doesn't show users all the files on their
               | iPhone
               | 
               | (b) apple makes lots of money
               | 
               | There is no evidence that a causes b. It's possible
               | showing the files would make them even more money. It's
               | also possible showing the files would have no effect on
               | how much money they make.
        
               | doix wrote:
               | My girlfriend had the craziest workflow. No laptop, only
               | iPhone and iPad Pro. She had an external USB-C hard
               | drive, she couldn't connect it to her iPhone but could to
               | the iPad.
               | 
               | What she would do is airdrop photos from her iPhone to
               | her iPad. Copy them from the gallery to the Files app.
               | Move them in the files app to the hard drive. Then delete
               | them from the gallery app, delete them from the Files app
               | and the trash.
               | 
               | For some reason, deleting files in the Files app didn't
               | free up space on the iPad. So she had to uninstall and
               | reinstall the Files app to get the space back.
               | 
               | As a Linux user that grew up DOS, the whole thing just
               | broke my mind. She was frustrated and I was frustrated I
               | couldn't help her.
        
             | jabroni_salad wrote:
             | Android's filesystem is borderline incomprehensible.
             | Outside of accessing external storage I have done by best
             | to avoid browsing files.
        
             | BriggyDwiggs42 wrote:
             | Ios files is a useless nightmare. Most of the stuff that
             | exists on the phone isn't exposed through it.
        
         | rapind wrote:
         | > apparently a large number of people these days don't
         | understand files and folders at all!
         | 
         | And here I am shaking my fist insisting these are "directories"
         | not "folders"... ;)
        
           | assimpleaspossi wrote:
           | This fundamental understanding is a widespread disease I've
           | had to argue with people--some of whom should know better but
           | allow it anyway.
        
             | IIsi50MHz wrote:
             | I was first introduced to "directory" as a type of signage
             | at malls or clusters of shops, listing where things are.
             | Usually also having a map, with a red triangle labeled "You
             | are here.". Then I learned that telephone books could also
             | be called be called directories.
             | 
             | My first exposure to computers that had a file hierarchy
             | used the term "folder". When I eventually encountered
             | "directory" in computer usage, I was confused because I
             | thought first of signage in malls.
             | 
             | It still "feels wrong", so I usually use "folder". (-:
        
           | sureIy wrote:
           | Other than "directory came first", what's the reason why
           | something is a "directory but not a folder"?
        
             | badsectoracula wrote:
             | The distinction probably came from Macintosh though it was
             | more pronounced in Windows 95 - also it is the other way
             | around: something can be a folder but not a directory.
             | Classic example would be the "Computer" (or "My Computer")
             | in Windows which is a folder but not a directory. The
             | Windows Shell maintains some sort of VFS that exposes
             | these.
             | 
             | Generally a folder is a directory-like thing that groups
             | file-like things but not necessarily mapped to real on-disk
             | directories and files - and more often than not, it is
             | exposed via GUIs rather than command line applications. Of
             | course that is just common use not anything inherent -
             | after all on Linux it is common to expose stuff via the
             | filesystem (sometimes in addition to VFSs) that still uses
             | the terms directories instead of folders with the only
             | difference for when one is used or the other to be if it is
             | done via a command line application or a GUI application.
        
         | citizenpaul wrote:
         | >don't understand files and folder
         | 
         | It may not go over well but I don't think this is some
         | generational thing. Its just plain pure laziness that has
         | become epidemic.
         | 
         | >Joshua Drossman, ..the laundry basket where you have
         | everything kind of together, and you're just kind of pulling
         | out what you need at any given time," he says, attempting to
         | describe his mental model.
         | 
         | >I try to be organized, but there's a certain point where there
         | are so many files that it kind of just became a hot mess
         | 
         | Yeah.....need I say more? Other than gross. I think those
         | statements prove my point better than I can.
         | 
         | Like most on HN I'm extremely computer savvy and I've yet to
         | find a way to avoid dealing with file/folder models and I've
         | tried. All other ways fall apart no matter how "advanced" they
         | are. Maybe it will change with LLMs but so far there is no way
         | for the computer to anticipate what you do/don't want and
         | organize for you.
        
         | blakewatson wrote:
         | Yeah, I think you're right about that. I'm not sure whether I
         | want to write something of an appendix myself and link to it,
         | or find something else on the web and link to that.
        
         | maeil wrote:
         | > I did worry a bit about https://htmlforpeople.com/zero-to-
         | internet-your-first-websit... - "Step 1. Create a folder on
         | your computer" - because apparently a large number of people
         | these days don't understand files and folders at all!
         | 
         | I'm probably around the average age on HN, so I grew up with
         | early Windows. Yet after years of trying and failing to get
         | into different note-taking/productivity apps, I finally found
         | inner peace by using Obsidian and embracing the exact millenial
         | "laundry basket" approach the article talks about. Maybe 10% of
         | my notes are in a folder, the other 90% all together in the
         | root. Turns out what mattered was 1. the lowest possible entry
         | barrier to writing a note and 2. speed.
        
         | GoblinSlayer wrote:
         | It's not a problem, consumers won't even edit a wiki, that's
         | just what consumers are.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | As someone who is involved in a community run wiki, people
           | will say "that page is wrong" and when you say "please edit
           | it" will say "its too hard" or "I do not have they time".
           | 
           | They will, however, write a long Facebook comment explaining
           | what is wrong and explaining that they cannot edit a wiki.
        
       | AlienRobot wrote:
       | I'm happy to see more people recommending Neocities :D
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | I see far too many tutorials starting with git and GitHub,
         | which is going to lose a lot of people and really not important
         | on day 1.
        
       | messo wrote:
       | I have tried so many times to convince non-technical people that
       | they can put together their own website quite easily, but so
       | often they think I'm joking and that it requires a lot of effort.
       | 
       | Next time I'll refer the to this site and ask them to give it
       | half an hour and see what they can create in that time. I know
       | that so many would get hooked if they just get that first taste
       | of "wow, i just published something on the actual web!"
       | 
       | @blakewatson: Any plans to add i18n to the site and accepting
       | pull requests for translations?
        
         | blakewatson wrote:
         | Yes! I would love that. I need to update the readme, but I
         | think my strategy would be to place translated chapters in a
         | subfolder, (eg, "/es"). I can configure Eleventy to generate a
         | different nav menu based on the subpath.
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | Schools should really be doing this. I had to make several
         | personal websites in high school and college, that were just
         | HTML and maybe a little CSS (or just old HTML styles). This
         | should be everyone's first step, imo. It's a great way to write
         | something and see results quickly and easily. It doesn't even
         | need a server.
        
       | forbiddenvoid wrote:
       | I love the idea and I'm thrilled to see more sites like this out
       | there. But I do think this assumes a level of computer literacy
       | that isn't consistent with typical, non-technical users.
       | 
       | Step 1 starts with:
       | 
       | > Pick a location on your computer and create a folder. Call it
       | my-site or something similar.
       | 
       | You've already lost the vast majority of people right here. There
       | are a shockingly large number of people out there that use
       | computers EVERY day that won't know how to do this.
        
         | Retr0id wrote:
         | I suspect even a majority of HN users visited the page on a
         | mobile device, and were not in a position to immediately follow
         | the instructions.
        
           | Novosell wrote:
           | Android allows you to create directories.
        
             | Retr0id wrote:
             | As does iOS, but the instructions given were for a desktop
             | device.
        
           | prmoustache wrote:
           | So what? It is mentionned in the introduction that it is
           | meant for computer users:
           | 
           | "What do I need?
           | 
           | You need a computer with internet access. I wrote this book
           | in a generic way so that it would be applicable for people
           | using macOS, Windows, or Linux. If I point you toward
           | software to install, it will be free (or have a usable free
           | tier) and will be cross-platform (or I will offer platform
           | alternatives)." https://htmlforpeople.com/intro/#what-do-i-
           | need%3F
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | So? How many people are editing HTML on their phones?
        
         | blakewatson wrote:
         | OP here. Yeah, I was a bit worried about this, and even though
         | I kind of mentioned it in the introduction, I think it deserves
         | more attention. I'm not sure if I want to write something and
         | host it myself, or maybe just point people to some kind of
         | primer on creating files and folders.
        
           | globular-toast wrote:
           | If you're concerned about this I think the only solution is
           | to get feedback from your audience somehow. Watching someone
           | try to follow the instructions can be enlightening. I
           | personally doubt it's that bad, I think people know how to
           | create folders, but I might be wrong. If not, directing them
           | to "<os> for dummies" might be a good move.
        
             | dschuessler wrote:
             | These two videos were the best resources I could find to
             | bring people up to speed on this topic:
             | 
             | 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k-EID5_2D9U
             | 
             | 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DGd48PGbnBs
        
         | dartharva wrote:
         | It's weird seeing this getting emphasized over and again in
         | this thread.
         | 
         | > There are a shockingly large number of people out there that
         | use computers EVERY day that won't know how to do this.
         | 
         | That's very hard to believe. Even my mom, who doesn't use
         | computers at all, would know what folders and files mean.
         | 
         | The people who don't know what files and folders are - can't
         | immediately be beneficiaries of this guide, right? They have a
         | lot more fundamentals to cover before anything like this.
        
           | prisenco wrote:
           | As far as I've noticed, it's not older people who have the
           | issue but younger. The average 22 year old today has been
           | using mobile devices as their primary device for 10+ years.
           | This is especially noticeable amongst poorer families, where
           | a $20 a month low end financed android phone is much more of
           | an option than a $300 computer.
        
             | forbiddenvoid wrote:
             | It's a bit of both, really. The typical computer or mobile
             | user doesn't have general purpose computing knowledge or
             | expertise. They don't know how their computer works or what
             | any of the things in it ARE. They know how to follow a
             | particular defined sequence of steps to get an outcome.
             | 
             | I worked over the phone tech support for a few years about
             | 20 years ago, and it really opened my eyes to how far the
             | gap is between the tech literate and everyday computer
             | users.
             | 
             | I think this guide is terrific, for what it's worth. I just
             | also think there's a lot more people out there that this
             | guide SHOULD help, that it won't, because of that
             | fundamental gap.
        
             | prmoustache wrote:
             | But they manage files and folder on their smartphone too.
        
               | pieterbeulque wrote:
               | Anecdotally, I don't know anyone that uses files on their
               | iPhone, and I don't really understand it myself either.
        
               | prmoustache wrote:
               | When you take a picture, and watch it in a gallery, you
               | are accessing a file.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | My dad worked at NASA and built circuit boards that are
           | currently in space.
           | 
           | He got confused a few years ago because "how can you have a
           | folder inside a folder? Only files get put in folders".
           | 
           | Of course, he would not read this book.
           | 
           | If someone can't figure out how to make a folder but wants to
           | write HTML, they have a problem this book should t be
           | obligated to solve.
        
         | globular-toast wrote:
         | If this is true then it's very sad. Is this what people have
         | been reduced to? I would have been able to follow these
         | instructions as a child (in fact I did build my own website
         | when I was 10).
         | 
         | Are you sure it's this bad, though, or are you not giving
         | people the benefit of the doubt? How can it be this way? Is it
         | due to people using cloud apps for everything?
        
           | myaccountonhn wrote:
           | It seems to be the case. See the other thread of people not
           | knowing what a file system is.
           | 
           | In the past tech education felt useless because teachers were
           | so far behind, maybe it's time to revisit now because now the
           | younger generation is far behind.
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | We sorely need more of this. HTML was the first language I
       | actually understood (although BASIC was my first ever), and left
       | me feeling empowered to carve out my own survival on the
       | internet. While layering CSS and Javascript aren't bad decisions
       | on their face, I do think they combine to create a steep barrier
       | to entry for most newcomers as they're believed to be "Core" to
       | the language of HTML itself.
       | 
       | Kudos to the author(s) for the site. I'll have to add it to my
       | arsenal as a "next step" for folks who want something more custom
       | than WP/Ghost on PikaPods w/ a theme, or who just _really_ want
       | to be totally independent.
        
         | al_borland wrote:
         | I think CSS and JS should be things the user graduates to when
         | they decide they need them, if they ever do.
         | 
         | Show someone basic HTML and most people will eventually look at
         | their page and think, "this is neat, but how to I make this
         | title red and change the background?" This is when to introduce
         | the very basics of CSS.
         | 
         | If someone has a goal the learning process is easier and more
         | exciting, because it's relevant and allows them to learn
         | something to give them a result they already want. Learning to
         | learn is hard.
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | I think teaching all 3 at once is better. You can take a
           | really simple vertical slice to demonstrate how they interact
           | to compose the DOM. Then, spend the next 2 weeks inside dev
           | tools explaining how to navigate the DOM and browser state.
           | Establishing mapping between dev tools and the examples is
           | where self sufficiency becomes feasible.
           | 
           | I agree you can pretty much get there with plain HTML
           | academically and in concept work, but this is not a helpful
           | (or exciting) perspective for someone who is likely to be
           | tasked with building non-trivial sites for others. A little
           | bit of color and movement can go a long way in keeping the
           | apprentice's attention.
        
             | al_borland wrote:
             | If we are talking about non-technical people simply making
             | documents for the web, I don't think they ever really need
             | to know what the DOM, dev tools, or state is. They'll never
             | really run into that, as the sites will be rather trivial,
             | and that's ok.
             | 
             | For someone looking to be a web developer, I can see where
             | some would need a faster ramp up to hold their interest,
             | but they should also still know that it can be this simple.
             | I saw a video not long ago where someone asked a bunch of
             | people who just finished a web dev bootcamp to make a basic
             | HTML file and put it on the web, much like what this
             | tutorial does in the first couple steps. Most of them
             | couldn't do it. If someone can make a page using React, but
             | can't make a simple HTML page, I think that's a problem. It
             | leads to a lot of overly complex solutions, because they
             | were never taught how simple it can really be.
             | 
             | Even for technical folks, their area of expertise may fall
             | outside of the web, but they still want a web page to share
             | information. The basics are perfect and often used. Dennis
             | Ritchie's page was a perfect example of that. A lot of
             | people from this era have similar sites.
             | 
             | https://www.bell-labs.com/usr/dmr/www/
        
             | stego-tech wrote:
             | I'm not sure we want to onboard non-technical people into
             | such things right off the bat. Keeping things simple -
             | notepad and HTML - gives everyone the ability to carve out
             | a rudimentary niche for themselves, which is the goal. If
             | they're still interested in this field - either just as a
             | hobby, or as a career - then they'll at least have a solid
             | understanding of the foundational topic and know where they
             | want to go from there.
             | 
             | Remember, the goal isn't to make everyone a competent
             | developer, just enabling everyone to participate without
             | going through a corporation for basic web services.
        
           | card_zero wrote:
           | Party like it's 1999:                 <BODY
           | BGCOLOR="#FF00FF">       <FONT COLOR="#FF0000">       <H1>My
           | First Heading</H1>       </FONT>
           | 
           | https://werbach.com/barebones/barebones.html
        
       | jimbosis wrote:
       | I plan to dig in deeper, but this looks like a great introduction
       | to building websites.
       | 
       | I teach a one semester high school Web Design class and currently
       | use a mixture of lessons from these two for learning the basics
       | of making pages by hand with HTML and CSS:
       | 
       | https://internetingishard.netlify.app/
       | 
       | https://www.washington.edu/accesscomputing/webd2/student/ind...
       | 
       | This looks very promising and could supplant or at the very least
       | supplement those.
        
         | otteromkram wrote:
         | Check out Mozilla's tutorials, too.
         | 
         | https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/HTML
        
         | networked wrote:
         | I have to say, for me, https://internetingishard.netlify.app
         | has uncomfortably pale body text. It is #5d6063 on an #fdfdfe
         | background where I sampled it. (The background is `linear-
         | gradient(0deg,#f9fafb 0,#fff)`.) The serif typeface looks too
         | thin on a low-res display.
         | 
         | https://paste.dbohdan.com/internetingishard.netlify.app.1728...
         | 
         | I think that if you want to lower the contrast of a dark-on-
         | light page--well, first, don't lower it too much [1], but
         | second, it is better to make the background darker than the
         | text lighter. Avoid thin faded text.
         | 
         | Here is a minimal edit to the page:
         | 
         | https://paste.dbohdan.com/internetingishard.netlify.app-edit...
         | 
         | This is #333 on an #f9f9f9 background (without the gradient to
         | simplify things and with no change to the headings). I find it
         | more pleasant to read.
         | 
         | [1] https://contrastrebellion.com/
        
       | gabrielsroka wrote:
       | Would something like this work instead of using Notepad/TextEdit
       | (at least at first)? Of course, this code could be made better...
       | <textarea onkeyup='results.innerHTML=this.value'></textarea>
       | <div id=results></div>
        
         | hyperhello wrote:
         | Oh yes, that is easy enough and it works fine. It can even save
         | with:
         | localStorage.setItem('text',results.innerHTML=this.value)
        
           | gabrielsroka wrote:
           | i had the same thought: https://github.com/gabrielsroka/gabri
           | elsroka.github.io/blob/...
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | > I don't think websites were ever intended to be made only by
       | "web professionals."
       | 
       | I absolutely agree with this, in both directions - the tools we
       | have kind of suck if the web WAS meant for professionals, but
       | also that I remember learning HTML from tutorials in 1995, and
       | back then there wasn't much of a difference between a good
       | website or a great website except that a good website used a
       | table based layout and didn't have prev/next navigation.
        
       | al_borland wrote:
       | Thank you for being one of the few people who realize TextEdit on
       | the Mac supports plain text. The number of "experts" who say it
       | doesn't support it and tell people to download some other app
       | drives me nuts.
        
       | amanzi wrote:
       | I still remember creating my first html page back in the 90s. It
       | felt really magical creating it with just Notepad - changing the
       | bgcolor of a page to red or blue or whatever, was amazing.
        
         | Brajeshwar wrote:
         | Same here; I stumbled on HTML for the first time in the '90s. I
         | started with HotDog from the CDs that came in the magazines.
         | https://brajeshwar.com/2024/hotdog-sausage-software/
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | I still remember sitting in my school library being blown
           | away by framesets the first time I saw them.
        
       | sova wrote:
       | HTML is not for people
        
         | krapp wrote:
         | I mean, HTML is a plain text format, it was literally made for
         | people to write, and people wrote websites with it, by hand,
         | for years. Literal children with almost no technical skills
         | taught themselves to do it.
         | 
         | There was a time when it was easy. Even Javascript was easy.
         | All of this stuff was made for people, but we've abstracted it
         | away so only machines ever touch it and what used to be easy is
         | now a dark art.
        
           | sova wrote:
           | You think something that starts with "less than exclamation
           | point" is made for people? "less than exclamation point minus
           | minus" ah yes it just rolls off the tongue. HTML was clearly
           | designed to add "semantic web" to the existing text data of
           | the internet, no matter the cost to human readability. If
           | it's "made for people" it's only in the roundabout fashion
           | that eventually it gets hidden away by the interface to
           | change the font color, etc.
        
             | krapp wrote:
             | Human beings are capable of dealing with abstract forms of
             | expression other than natural language. Musicians deal with
             | music notation. Stenographers write in shorthand.
             | Mathematical notation. No programming language with its
             | brackets and parentheses "rolls off the tongue" either but
             | human beings nevertheless write code. HTML is just one such
             | abstraction, concerned with adding markup and hyperlinks to
             | a digital simulation of a paper document.
             | 
             | HTML is "made for people" because it's a text-based markup
             | format intended to be edited by people when designing a web
             | page, simple as. If it were made for machines it would be a
             | binary bytecode format. It isn't because it's meant for
             | human beings to read and write. And human beings are
             | capable of reading it and writing it.
             | 
             | I don't know what to tell you. This is simple,
             | straightforward fact, but you seem weirdly offended by the
             | mere premise.
        
               | sova wrote:
               | <!-- strong disagree --> All I'm saying is that if you
               | were to make a semantic markup of English today, would
               | you really want to use keyboard-convenient glyphs just
               | because it's hardware-convenient?
               | 
               | What would be the best way to add markup to English? It
               | seems like an unexplored question. And if we were to
               | explore it, we would find many alternatives, ranking much
               | higher on the "for people" scale than HTML.
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | >All I'm saying is that if you were to make a semantic
               | markup of English today, would you really want to use
               | keyboard-convenient glyphs just because it's hardware-
               | convenient?
               | 
               | HTML is not a semantic markup of English, it's a semantic
               | markup of digital text documents. Yes, you would want to
               | use keyboard-convenient glyphs to express this markup
               | because the keyboard is the primary means by which a
               | human inputs text into a computer, which itself is the
               | primary means by which HTML documents are viewed. Also
               | because HTML operates primarily within the context of
               | typography, in other words, because the data that HTML
               | marks up also consists of keyboard convenient glyphs. It
               | only makes sense to use text glyphs to describe the
               | transformation of text glyphs within the context of a
               | textual medium of communication.
               | 
               | Even Markdown is essentially the same thing. There's
               | little real difference between surrounding a word in
               | asterisks versus <strong> or <b> tags to denote bold
               | text, other than aesthetics.
               | 
               | >And if we were to explore it, we would find many
               | alternatives, ranking much higher on the "for people"
               | scale than HTML.
               | 
               | Like what? Interpretive dance? Arcane gestures? Singing
               | the markup into being?
               | 
               | People have been using written language for thousands of
               | years, representing written language with type for
               | centuries, and using keyboards as an interface for
               | generating text since long before computers were
               | invented. It all seems to work just fine for many people.
               | I'm curious what you think would be better.
        
       | famahar wrote:
       | I love making stuff like this accessible for many people. Giving
       | it a quick read and while I do find it more readable I think you
       | can still lose people when you define terms. More fun analogies
       | and simple silly (non technical looking) pictures could really
       | help a concept sink in faster. Great work overall though.
        
       | Brajeshwar wrote:
       | A few months back, someone asked for suggestions on which new AI
       | options to learn to beef up his marketing career. I told him to
       | learn HTML first. That will be useful for a long time and will
       | likely last his lifetime. After that, he can start learning
       | others.
       | 
       | I even x-ed it at
       | https://xcancel.com/brajeshwar/status/1812149514632925525
        
       | eviks wrote:
       | > It's for anybody, the way documents are for anybody. HTML is
       | just another type of document.
       | 
       | You don't ask anybody to learn XML tags to edit a Word document
       | in a plain text editor even though it's technically possible.
       | Similarly, HTML is not "just another type", but one of the many
       | poorly designed (especially so if CSS is added) document formats
       | that no non-tech "anybody" should be exposed to
       | 
       | WYSIWYG is for anybody.
        
         | jraph wrote:
         | You need to learn WYSIWYG "codes" and "language" too. It's just
         | that you probably already did so. "Select, then click on the B
         | button to make it bold", or "click B, type, then click B again"
         | is probably not straightforward at first.
         | 
         | I don't know why people shouldn't be exposed to markup.
         | 
         | I also don't see how HTML is a poor format. It has its issues
         | but fundamentally? Seems fine.
         | 
         | It's cool someone tries to make it reachable to more people.
        
           | eviks wrote:
           | First, it's not a "just", but a huge benefit for the audience
           | of "everyone"
           | 
           | Second, it's much more straightforward vs any tags (and
           | remembering having to close them without any help in your
           | plain text editor)
           | 
           | And is also much more discoverable in the intuitive interface
           | with the full list of available styles right there with
           | styled buttons so you don't need to think whether <u> is
           | underline, underscore, or something else entirely.
           | 
           | That's the whole point of why this can't ever be for
           | "everyone" - it requires too much knowledge that's not
           | generally useful.
           | 
           | But yeah, with such a trivialization of the effort required,
           | you'll never understand why people shouldn't be exposed to
           | markup.
           | 
           | > It's cool someone tries to make it reachable to more
           | people.
           | 
           | Not unless he misleads them
        
             | crabmusket wrote:
             | I'd really like for there to be a WYSIWYG editor that works
             | on HTML, something the level of complexity of like WordPad
             | (which can make RTF files). But supporting the full range
             | of HTML tags like <details>, <table> etc.
        
             | jraph wrote:
             | > Not unless he misleads them
             | 
             | and
             | 
             | > trivialization of the effort required
             | 
             | I don't believe this is what's happening though.
             | 
             | Yes, that most people already know WYSIWYG has value, of
             | course. And it takes effort to learn. But people can see
             | for themselves if it's for them. Nobody is forcing anyone
             | to do anything. Most likely, people even starting to read
             | this are probably ones who are already a bit curious or
             | interested in this.
             | 
             | This is for people would could be thinking "HTML is code,
             | it's impossible for me" when really they can understand and
             | like. This things tells them "look, it might not be as
             | complicated as you might be thinking. Try and see for
             | yourself".
             | 
             | I don't see the drawback of doing this actually. I don't
             | see the harm. However, I see value in making people realize
             | that computers are not magic and that they can leverage
             | them in other ways, and putting such tools within their
             | reach.
             | 
             | So yeah, maybe not _anybody_ , but probably many more
             | people than one could think (professional or not).
             | 
             | It's also easy to underestimate people (ourselves included)
             | and to think code like HTML is too complicated to
             | understand for most people. It's actually not. Most people
             | would understand the basics quite easily and making them
             | realize this is quite nice.
             | 
             | What do you have so special that _you_ could learn HTML?
             | Nothing, actually. And it is quite important to be aware of
             | this.
        
               | eviks wrote:
               | > So yeah, maybe not anybody
               | 
               | So don't make misleading claims it is for anybody
               | 
               | People can see for themselves, but if they're not mislead
               | they can see it earlier without wasting time. Do you see
               | time waste as a drawback?
        
               | jraph wrote:
               | Anything can be seen as wasting time. Why this
               | particularly?
               | 
               | Life is a huge waste of time.
               | 
               | > So don't make misleading claims it is for anybody
               | 
               | Nothing is for literally _anybody_.
        
               | blakewatson wrote:
               | Yeah the implication that I guess I didn't make well
               | enough is that it's for anybody who wants to learn it.
               | It's attainable without needing highly specialized or
               | intensive training.
        
       | jraph wrote:
       | Well done! I really like how you make people write bare text,
       | publish it and bam, that works, just like this, and how you ease
       | into html.
       | 
       | The text is very well written, straightforward, welcoming, well
       | structured. It seems easy and enjoyable to read.
       | 
       | I believe that putting html in non professional hands is a good
       | goal.
       | 
       | Some feedback:
       | 
       | - About <meta charset="utf-8">, it seems to be introduced quite
       | late. People comfortable with English but wanting to write their
       | website in their own language might be surprised. Or even people
       | with accents in their names (you are putting your name in the
       | title, people will probably try this). You also say that it's for
       | special characters like emojis, but you should probably say it's
       | essential for most languages that are not purely ASCII (event
       | English with words like cliche). Maybe you could introduce that
       | earlier and say that it's there for historical reasons and that
       | without it, you may have issues with characters. To be checked
       | but it might be better to put it before <title>.
       | 
       | - body, head, html tags are mostly useless, except for html
       | because of the lang attribute (accessibility + some browsers
       | incorrectly offering to translate)
       | 
       | - vscode is a bit unfortunate because of the telemetry part, and
       | seems quite heavy and complex for the task. On Windows, notepad++
       | is a great option. On Linux, any default text editor that's
       | already installed will do. There's always codium, which is code
       | without the bad parts. The intended target doesn't know about the
       | bad parts, so they are installing spyware without knowing.
       | 
       | I didn't know about the aria current page feature, I'll start
       | using this.
        
         | lifthrasiir wrote:
         | > People comfortable with English but wanting to write their
         | website in their own language might be surprised.
         | 
         | A main complication here is that people don't even know about
         | character encodings, so you can't reasonably expect them to
         | save index.html in UTF-8 in the first place. (For example
         | Windows notepad would use the active code page by default.) I
         | agree that it should be featured prominently if that saving
         | issue can be also addressed.
        
           | voxic11 wrote:
           | As of Windows 10 1903 the default encoding for Notepad is
           | UTF-8. I think its reasonable to expect relatively modern
           | systems to default text to UTF-8.
        
         | morpheuskafka wrote:
         | Don't you actually need to set something in the text editor to
         | save it as UTF-8 in the first place if you are going to put
         | that tag? Wouldn't Notepad for example use UTF-16 by default
         | like the rest of Windows?
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | This is how I learnt to program as a kid around 1997. My dad
       | taught me to do exactly this. I didn't have it up on Neocities,
       | though, in fact I didn't put something on the public web till
       | years later, should've done it sooner! So I just had my own
       | little website with multiple pages that were meticulously
       | maintained.
       | 
       | However, I did become quite lazy and would never have continued
       | maintaining it as raw HTML. I discovered PHP which gave me
       | superpowers, but it is quite a paradigm shift. I wish I knew
       | about static site generators sooner.
        
       | pif wrote:
       | Uhm, this post looks based on a flawed premise:
       | 
       | > Imagine if Word documents were only ever created by "Word
       | professionals."
       | 
       | But they are! OP explain how to create websites using basic text
       | editors, and nobody is able to create a Word document using
       | simple text or binary editors, apart from maybe a handful of
       | gurus in Richmond.
       | 
       | If you really want to democratize HTML, an HTML editor is what
       | you need. Otherwise, your teaching site will not attract much
       | more people than any other teaching site.
        
       | RheingoldRiver wrote:
       | > Step 1. Create a folder on your computer
       | 
       | I don't need to read farther than this, I'm never going to
       | recommend this over freecodecamp. Let alone that a lot of people
       | are usually on mobile during learning time, it just makes it too
       | scary, too easy to mess up, too hard to share what you are doing
       | to get help.
       | 
       | I 100% believe online sandboxes are the way to teach coding to
       | people who aren't already comfortable with technical problem
       | solving.
        
         | poulpy123 wrote:
         | I strongly disagree, someone who create a web site or learn to
         | program needs to know the basic of the basic of using a
         | computer
        
           | RheingoldRiver wrote:
           | it's not about knowing the basics of using a computer, it's
           | about eliminating the possibility of tiny mistakes like 1
           | typo in a file name causing _everything_ to break, which can
           | put someone off coding forever
        
             | ickelbawd wrote:
             | If making one mistake is enough to put one off forever then
             | they're really not going to like programming which is just
             | a sequence of writing bugs and fixing bugs. :)
        
             | morpheuskafka wrote:
             | > tiny mistakes like 1 typo in a file name causing
             | everything to break, which can put someone off coding
             | forever
             | 
             | One typo in your math or chemistry homework will quite
             | likely give you the wrong final answer, but hopefully that
             | wouldn't "put you off science" forever. Otherwise none of
             | us would be here as I'm sure we have all made hundreds or
             | more.
             | 
             | Are we not expecting students to be resilient and solve
             | problems anymore? One of the Common Core standards that
             | used to be on the classroom wall was "persevere in problem
             | solving." I say it's great for students to make a few easy
             | mistakes like forgetting a semicolon to get in the habit of
             | reading error messages and troubleshooting while they are
             | still straightforward to fix.
        
               | RheingoldRiver wrote:
               | The important context here is that this book is not "HTML
               | for programmers," it's "HTML for people who are probably
               | pretty damn scared about the word HTML right now"
               | 
               | In this case, the single most important thing is *early
               | successes*. Kids spend years learning about the number
               | line and what is the difference between + and - before
               | they ever do 2+2=4. Or if they learn 2+2=4 first, it's
               | just some abstract syllables they were taught to parrot,
               | and they probably don't understand.
               | 
               | For a new programmer, who is ALREADY SCARED OF
               | PROGRAMMING, the single most important thing is early
               | successes. If they can make something work on their first
               | attempt, without realtime help from a friend fixing their
               | mistakes, they are SO much more likely to have the needed
               | self-confidence to keep learning.
               | 
               | For a concrete example, every time I teach regular
               | expressions to people I say, `cat` is a regular
               | expression! Let's search for `cat` in `catastrophe` and
               | turn "regex" mode on! Congrats, you have now written and
               | used your first ever regex!! And this goes over SO well.
               | It's SO much better than trying to start out with a
               | symbol, because I give them an initial win that they
               | achieved and that they were able to do. And if they get
               | stuck later, they can always go back to knowing that
               | `cat` is a regular expression and search for `cat` in
               | `catastrophe`. And if it doesn't work, there's a
               | different problem.
               | 
               | In other words, not only is giving people an early
               | success like this good motivation, it's also teaching
               | them the negative control that they'll use for the rest
               | of their programming careers, even if they don't know it.
               | 
               | "Make a file on your computer" is not useful by itself.
               | It's not a negative control. It's not an early success.
               | It can be learned later, once you have the other things.
        
             | theoldways wrote:
             | I'm sorry, but I learned on a garbage Windows 98 machine
             | when I was like... seven, and I actually got quite far
             | without someone padding the entire computer and
             | handwringing about f*cking _typos_. My god, what happened
             | to this industry? Yes, learning is hard! Sometimes you make
             | mistakes! That is how you learn! This is why my coworkers
             | submit garbage pull requests full of obvious errors,
             | because they've been coddled to death and never allowed to
             | accidentally typo a directory name. Christ...
        
         | prmoustache wrote:
         | So basically you want to train a generation of copy/paster who
         | don't understand what they are actually doing and who will
         | never actually deploy anything because it is scary.
        
           | theoldways wrote:
           | Hey, at least those of us who can actually hack it will never
           | run out of messes to bill time and a half to clean up!
        
         | theoldways wrote:
         | Should we get rid of the keyboard, too? After all, it's so
         | complicated.
        
       | worble wrote:
       | >Alternatively, you can launch your browser first, click File >
       | Open File..., then navigate to your index.html file.
       | 
       | Uh, I don't think browsers have had the File toolbar for a long
       | time, I just checked to make sure I'm not crazy and Firefox and
       | Chrome on my system certainly don't.
        
         | pasc1878 wrote:
         | I just tried Firefox, Vivaldi, Brave, Safari, Orion They all
         | have File->Open File ...
        
         | Toorkit wrote:
         | Sometimes they don't show up until you press Alt, but they're
         | there.
        
       | darkdrog wrote:
       | this is a great tutorial even for experienced programmers, many
       | of them even don't understand the nature of website behind the
       | coding , but this tutorial leads a wise way to illustrate this
       | concept
        
       | lemonberry wrote:
       | This is great, but most people don't care about coding or
       | building their websites for scratch. Most people don't work on
       | their own cars. Authors don't bind their own books.
       | 
       | People want to share their thoughts, stories, and photos. In my
       | opinion, we need better tools to allow people to create their own
       | sites without needing to code.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Yeah I agree that is true for most people, but there are also
         | people who _do_ want to code their own website from scratch,
         | and for them this is a really good introduction.
        
         | sureIy wrote:
         | While you're right, I like to think that people, especially
         | kids, would greatly benefit from _seeing_ this stuff once or
         | twice in their lifetime. They don 't need to learn it or use
         | it, but they will forever recognize it. And maybe one day
         | they'll have to write that closing tag someone forgot.
         | 
         | This can be applied to all topics. Knowing the basics of
         | everything is better than knowing nothing.
        
         | theoldways wrote:
         | People who don't care can continue to not read the things they
         | don't want to read. But those same people should be prepared to
         | pay money for someone else to care for them. This is not a new
         | situation.
        
       | egypturnash wrote:
       | Is HTML ever actually defined in the beginning of this book?
       | There's a reference to what the acronym expands to when tags
       | start getting introduced but the chapters before this never come
       | out and say "HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language, and here
       | are three sentences that very briefly explain what _that_ means;
       | we'll be exploring that in much more detain in the coming
       | chapters."
        
         | egypturnash wrote:
         | I'm getting downvoted for this question but I think that is a
         | pretty important thing to be getting out of the way in a book
         | for someone who might not know what the heck HTML is, and why
         | they might want to learn it!
        
       | brianzelip wrote:
       | Here's a great podcast episode with the author about "home cooked
       | apps", https://shoptalkshow.com/609/
        
       | WhiteOwlEd wrote:
       | With OpenAI and other LLMs, web development is accelerating. For
       | example, I put together a AI call center demo (
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vv7mI_qRrhE ) by using Open AI
       | o1-preview. There I could take a lot of different files on
       | typescript and backend server stuff written in python. I would
       | add logs into the mix to make one massive prompt, and then I
       | would let the AI work on reasoning in the cases where I needed to
       | accelerate the writing of additional code.
        
       | monkeynotes wrote:
       | Don't coding LLMs kind of fill this gap? I can't imagine anyone
       | who isn't a pro wanting to spend time learning HTML when they can
       | just describe what they want in plain text and get something good
       | enough.
        
       | jamiedumont wrote:
       | This is a brilliant endeavour and incredibly well executed! I'll
       | certainly be bookmarking it to share with others.
       | 
       | I've recently decided to start adding to my website with just
       | hand-written HTML, and slowly migrating the back catalogue. I
       | love its directness, its ability for ad-hoc changes to a page and
       | its robustness. After trying almost every system for publishing
       | on the web under the sun; I've concluded HTML is the right tool
       | for the job, even if it means a little extra work up front.
       | 
       | As a retired developer I'm happy to tinker with Rust or SQL or
       | something embedded when the mood strikes, but when I want to
       | write, I just want to write - and HTML kind of lets me do that. I
       | think if more people saw HTML as a document to author rather than
       | just a build target then we'd have a lot simpler systems. This
       | mindset has resulted/allowed for a huge dumbing down of average
       | computer/web users and huge headaches for developers. I can't
       | think who all the complexity we've brought into the world serves
       | 99% of the time.
       | 
       | This resource might be one of the things that nudges us back on
       | track.
        
       | serverlord wrote:
       | Someone should recreate HTML in Markdown just for fun.
        
       | itohihiyt wrote:
       | I think this is great, my biggest stumbling block is deploying
       | what I've created. I have a domain and need a host. The paragraph
       | about deploying only covers hosting by a service you can't use
       | you own domain on (as far as I can tell). It mentions netlify,
       | which I assume would be an option if you have your own domain,
       | however their website talks about shit but tells you nothing.
        
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