[HN Gopher] On 17th century "cocaine"
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       On 17th century "cocaine"
        
       Author : benbreen
       Score  : 33 points
       Date   : 2024-10-09 13:33 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (resobscura.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (resobscura.substack.com)
        
       | mastazi wrote:
       | Can anyone with a scientific background give an opinion about the
       | first comment to the linked post? They say they are sceptical
       | because "there are a number of Tropane alkaloids which are very
       | close to cocaine and are present in other plants - especially
       | nightshades (e.g., belladonna) - which were known to and used for
       | various purposes by Europeans for a long time."
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | As you would expect, this is covered in the actual paper [0]:
         | 
         | > Therefore, the 3rd molecule detected in the brain tissues of
         | our subjects, hygrine (an alkaloid present in the leaves of
         | Erythroxylum spp. only), was essential to determine that the
         | molecules detected in these human remains derived from the
         | chewing of coca leaves or from leaves brewed as a tea,
         | consistent with the historical period.
         | 
         | If I'm reading this right, they checked for a number of markers
         | and one of those is found only in coca leaves.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030544032...
        
           | mastazi wrote:
           | Thank you! I should have thought of checking the paper first
        
           | benbreen wrote:
           | Author here, I had the same question and looked into it. The
           | author of that comment seems to be onto something because
           | hygrine is indeed found in nightshades as well as in coca.
           | Interesting.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | The research group behind the paper looks reliable, they have a
         | publication record in the area and while it's surprising they
         | can detect metabolites (and surprising that brains were
         | preserved from the 1600s) they seem to have done a lot of
         | detailed work, here's some of their other related work (they
         | also found cannabis residues in some of their material):
         | 
         | "Forensic toxicological analyses reveal the use of cannabis in
         | Milano (Italy) in the 1600's (2023)"
         | 
         | https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Forensic-toxicological...
        
       | IAmGraydon wrote:
       | >As you can see, the Times was not the only news outlet to be
       | confused about the distinction between cocaine and coca
       | 
       | Unfortunately, the author of this article is the one who is
       | confused. Cocaine is the name of the alkaloid present in the coca
       | leaf, much like the coffee bean contains caffeine. If they were
       | using coca leaf, they were using cocaine.
        
         | Clamchop wrote:
         | TFA literally already says what you said. They're making a
         | reasonable distinction between chewing coca leaves for mild
         | stimulant effect and huffing a fat rail of the pure stuff.
         | 
         | It gives the wrong idea to say these 17th century people were
         | doing cocaine.
        
           | Mtinie wrote:
           | They _were_ using cocaine. It was a less concentrated form,
           | sure, but it's still using the same substance for a
           | psychoactive effect.
        
       | JasserInicide wrote:
       | Anyone here ever actually try coca leaves? Going to guess its
       | effects are somewhere between coffee and cocaine
        
         | jbverschoor wrote:
         | Only coca tea. It's a small boost, perhaps like coffee if you
         | don't drink coffee everyday
        
         | sddsdd wrote:
         | Had a lot of them chewed or in tea in Bolivia and it's pretty
         | close to a caffeine buzz, it's very, very mild.
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | I think it's pretty common for visitors to Macha Picchu to
         | receive a cup of coca tea upon arrival, for altitude sickness.
         | The people I talked to said it was like a cup of coffee.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | I can attest to the magical effects against altitude
           | sickness.
        
         | pvarangot wrote:
         | I used to drink coca tea a lot when I lived in Argentina where
         | you get it in the supermarket. It's around on par of nicotine
         | as an appetite suppressant for me, as a stimulant I feel
         | caffeine and mate are better for the "stay awake" but coca tea
         | is better for "zoning in", with less of anxiety driving but
         | it's a more single tasked high where interruptions are harder
         | to deal with than with caffeine. Like if I have a lot of
         | meetings I prefer coffee and if I have to code for four hours I
         | prefer coca tea. I used to rotate coffee, mate, and coca tea as
         | a daily driver and having something else on the rotation may
         | have been helping more than that something else being coca tea.
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | I used them while hiking in Peru.
         | 
         | It's better than caffeine, because it comes with a mild
         | euphoria. Nothing crazy, just enough to have energy and not
         | feel like hiking at altitude is work.
         | 
         | When I hike with coffee I just feel determined to finish. With
         | Coca it just felt natural to keep walking.
        
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