[HN Gopher] US weighs Google break-up in landmark antitrust case
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       US weighs Google break-up in landmark antitrust case
        
       Author : JumpCrisscross
       Score  : 271 points
       Date   : 2024-10-09 03:39 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ft.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ft.com)
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | "The DoJ identified four areas that its remedies framework needed
       | to address: search distribution and revenue sharing; generation
       | and display of search results; advertising scale and
       | monetisation; and gathering and use of data.
       | 
       | ...
       | 
       | In addition to potential spin-offs, prosecutors said remedies
       | could include banning the exclusive contracts at the heart of the
       | case -- in particular the $20bn that Google pays Apple each year
       | to be its default search engine -- as well as imposing 'non-
       | discrimination' measures on Google products such as its Android
       | operating system and Play app store.
       | 
       | The DoJ is also considering requiring Google to share its vast
       | trove of data gathered to improve search ranking models, indices
       | and advertising algorithms, which prosecutors argue was
       | accumulated unlawfully."
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | Related _DOJ may want to break up Google_ (84 points, 2 months
       | ago, 98 comments) https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41240716
        
       | arthurcolle wrote:
       | break up google for fumbling transformers alone
        
         | ImHereToVote wrote:
         | Yeah that's what monopolies do. Make people use inferior
         | products. The US used to break up monopolies all the time. This
         | was followed with a wave of innovation.
        
           | akoboldfrying wrote:
           | I can't tell if you're serious.
           | 
           | Not only did Google not "force" anyone to use the LLM tech
           | that they largely developed, most people think they're silly
           | for inventing it and then sitting on their hands until
           | another company (OpenAI) ate their lunch.
        
             | DinoDad13 wrote:
             | The anti-trust case isn't about Google's LLM business.
        
       | ClassyJacket wrote:
       | They biggest web advertising company definitely shouldn't control
       | the world's most popular browser. Just like we all knew they
       | would, they're blocking ad blockers, and this problem will only
       | get worse.
       | 
       | Tell your friends to use Firefox, people.
        
         | Arainach wrote:
         | It's fascinating how "preventing web extensions from having
         | full access to everything on every site you visit when there is
         | a repeated history of extensions being bought by companies that
         | turn them into spyware data miners" gets turned into "blocking
         | ad blockers".
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | Because there were other ways to handle the ad blocker
           | situation. For example, allowing the users to grant access to
           | an extension.
           | 
           | The hard protocol ban is heavy handed.
        
             | Arainach wrote:
             | Users don't read dialogs. They just click yes so they can
             | get to their shiny talking purple gorilla. This also
             | doesn't address the threat model: a good extensions that
             | users trust and give these rights to which is bought out
             | and changed to do malicious things.
        
               | cogman10 wrote:
               | > Users don't read dialogs.
               | 
               | Not all do, some do. And it only takes a few to spot
               | something fishy and start reporting problems.
               | 
               | > This also doesn't address the threat model
               | 
               | It actually does, because few extensions need broad
               | permissions. The threat is significantly reduced if a
               | change in required permissions goes up a new dialog pops
               | up which encourages the few users that read the thing to
               | ask "Hey, why is this asking for so many more
               | permissions?"
               | 
               | This model works. It works so well that the security
               | model of pretty much every app store is exactly the same.
               | The risks are also identical.
        
         | shiroiushi wrote:
         | I'm not so sure this is a problem. They're not _completely_
         | blocking ad-blockers, just neutering them somewhat with MV3.
         | You can still use uBOL (the  "Lite" version of uBO) and get a
         | lot of ads blocked on Chrome.
         | 
         | Remember, Chrome is not installed by default on Windows PCs;
         | Edge is. People are using Chrome because they want to. They
         | could just as easily download Firefox and uBO, like more-savvy
         | users do. Unfortunately, too many can't be bothered. Should
         | they be saved from excessive and intrusive ads? Again, they can
         | easily install uBOL on their Chrome instance, or they can
         | download and install FF+uBO. Or use something else like Brave.
         | 
         | >Tell your friends to use Firefox, people.
         | 
         | Absolutely, yes. Just don't be too surprised when you visit
         | them later and they're still using Chrome (or Edge) with no ad-
         | blocker at all. You can lead a horse to water, but you can't
         | make it drink.
        
           | akoboldfrying wrote:
           | >Chrome is not installed by default on Windows PCs; Edge is
           | 
           | Whenever this is brought up, the silence is deafening.
           | 
           | Edge is a good browser, and users are notoriously lazy; most
           | won't read a dialog box before clicking it away. And yet...
           | ~everyone on Windows still downloads Chrome.
        
             | spongebobstoes wrote:
             | does google.com still push Chrome? I think it does, and
             | it's most people's first website
        
               | CatWChainsaw wrote:
               | IME if I am using a non-Chrome browser I get three nags
               | from Google to switch to Chrome before it gives up. It's
               | happened on Google's home page, Gmail, and Maps.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | > _they 're blocking ad blockers_
         | 
         | I've tried uBlock Origin Lite on Chrome and it works...
         | perfectly. I haven't noticed a single ad get through.
         | 
         | And isn't it supposed to be a lot more performant?
         | 
         | Before, I assumed Chrome really was trying to gradually stop
         | ad-blocking. But now that I see it's had literally zero impact,
         | at least on the sites I visit, I'm starting to wonder what all
         | the fuss was about. Was manifest v3 really about performance
         | and security all along, and not about eliminating ad blockers?
         | 
         | Meanwhile, you can't install adblocking on iOS Safari as an
         | extension _at all_. But I never hear anybody bringing that up.
        
           | wilsonnb3 wrote:
           | > Meanwhile, you can't install adblocking on iOS Safari as an
           | extension at all. But I never hear anybody bringing that up.
           | 
           | There are a bunch of safari ad blockers in the app store that
           | work the same way manifest v3 blockers work.
        
           | musictubes wrote:
           | It isn't brought up because it isn't true. Plenty of ad
           | blockers for iOS/ipados Safari.
        
         | apercu wrote:
         | If the ads weren't invasive, covering the content, purposely
         | distracting you and your data wasn't being collected and
         | resold, we wouldn't need ad blockers.
        
         | richwater wrote:
         | > Tell your friends to use Firefox, people.
         | 
         | Mozilla is pretty much entirely funded by Google
        
       | teleforce wrote:
       | There's side effect benefit of big kahuna companies mainly on the
       | significant breakthrough and game changing research output
       | because these excellent researchers are paid handsome money
       | compared to conventional universities or research institutions.
       | 
       | We saw this with AT&T Bell research labs with their inventions of
       | transistor and Unix, among others. The same thing happened with
       | Google research with (arguably) deep learning and transformer.
       | 
       | Split them up at your own (US) perils, not unlike killing own
       | Golden Goose.
        
         | LightHugger wrote:
         | This is a theoretical benefit which is directly at odds with
         | the benefits of competition in a healthy market. For google, my
         | observation is the "big kahuna" benefit of google basically
         | does not exist and competition needs to be restored. Google is
         | famous for not innovating on anything successfully, they
         | produce graveyards of trash. Instead what they do is buy other
         | companies then enshittify them in an anti competitive dance
         | towards causing more damage than productivity.
         | 
         | You really have to think about exactly how our modern markets
         | work and why buyouts are such dominant strategy. It's only
         | sometimes about taking what you buy then using it, it's mostly
         | about taking what you buy to stifle competition these days.
         | 
         | Look at twitter and Vine, twitter bought then shut down vine as
         | part of a standard operating procedure just to stifle
         | competition, and they had so little interest in capitalizing on
         | what they bought that it left a market gap so wide TikTok
         | filled it instead. But usually these practices do not leave
         | such big market gaps, usually they simply shut down competition
         | successfully and the buyer wins. Then in many cases if the
         | company owners refuse to be bought out, extreme anti-
         | competitive practices begin to destroy their business, which
         | will not be punished until long after the victims get shut
         | down. So owners need to choose between a huge pay out, or their
         | company getting destroyed. Owners tend to choose the former.
        
           | teleforce wrote:
           | > "big kahuna" benefit of google basically does not exist
           | 
           | I just given you the deep learning and transformer benefits.
           | 
           | There's a reason why the darling of AI Renaissance namely
           | transformer was not invented at MIT, Stanford or Berkeley.
        
           | akoboldfrying wrote:
           | >Google is famous for not innovating on anything successfully
           | 
           | PageRank
           | 
           | Gmail
           | 
           | Maps
           | 
           | MapReduce
           | 
           | Chrome
           | 
           | Protocol Buffers
           | 
           | Go
        
             | teractiveodular wrote:
             | Maps was technically an acquisition (Where2). But like
             | YouTube, Doubleclick, Google Docs (Writely), Translate
             | (Word Lens), Google Flights (ITA) and many others, Google
             | successfully grew these products into giants.
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | I didn't know Maps (or Google Docs, or Translate) were
               | acquisitions, thanks.
        
             | dehrmann wrote:
             | Didn't some of the early GPT work come out of Google?
        
               | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
               | The popular transformer paper, which went on to be used
               | in things like ChatGPT, was authored by Google employees.
               | But "come out of Google" is giving the organization too
               | much credit and the individual too little. Also
               | transformers were themselves a continuation of prior work
               | like multi head attention. And it is possible that
               | transformers were not needed - see this discussion from
               | the other day:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41732853
        
               | tgma wrote:
               | Come on... that's so unfair. There is a reason such
               | individuals chose to work at Google and not Apple or
               | Amazon for example and were able to "individually" come
               | up with such work without being pestered by their
               | management to do other stuff.
        
             | kolinko wrote:
             | Gmail was revolutionary at the start, but stopped
             | innovating 10 years ago - why don't we still have a good
             | search engine within it?
             | 
             | MapReduce would be invented anyway (I implemented it from
             | scratch before learning of it's existence).
             | 
             | Chrome is just a slightly upgraded Firefox (and novadays
             | Safari is just as good if not better with ai)
             | 
             | PageRank was what gave Google monopoly, it's not a result
             | of monopoly.
             | 
             | Go - I can give you that. ProtoBuf - not my field, but
             | isn't it just a format that someone else would develop to
             | fill a niche? (unlike say mp3 that had new compression
             | algorithms baked in)
             | 
             | Maps - I can give you that. Some people might argue that it
             | was an acquisition, but without Google's muscle, Street
             | View would not be feasible.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | > _Chrome is just a slightly upgraded Firefox_
               | 
               | Wat. It's like saying that an apple is a slightly
               | upgraded orange. I would understand if you mentioned
               | KHTML and Safari as relatives, but "slightly upgraded"
               | does not fit anyway.
               | 
               | > _PageRank was what gave Google monopoly_
               | 
               | I don't think so. PageRank has been successfully
               | implemented elsewhere, and outmatched. What helped Google
               | build a monopoly was the first mover advantage, the
               | network effects, and the incessant streams of money from
               | AdWords (invented by Google), DoubleClick (acquired) and
               | a bunch of other advertisement tools.
               | 
               | > _Maps - I can give you that._
               | 
               | Don't :) Google Maps is an acquisition from 20 years ago.
               | (As is Android, AdSense, and many other core flagship
               | products of the Google brand.)
               | 
               | If you want a relatively recent, successful Google
               | service for general public, it's Google Photos.
        
               | whitehexagon wrote:
               | >If you want a relatively recent, successful Google
               | service for general public, it's Google Photos.
               | 
               | I seem to recall that followed the acquisition of Picasa.
        
               | nine_k wrote:
               | Picasa was rather different: it had a desktop client, had
               | tags, did not have a dedicated view mode, etc. It ran as
               | a separate product, and then was shut down, not
               | integrated.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picasa
        
               | kernal wrote:
               | >Google Maps is an acquisition from 20 years ago. (As is
               | Android)
               | 
               | This is comical. When Google acquired Android, it was
               | nothing more than a 3000 line JavaScript demo. The
               | Android OS was created entirely at Google.
        
               | omoikane wrote:
               | > Gmail was revolutionary at the start, but stopped
               | innovating 10 years ago - why don't we still have a good
               | search engine within it?
               | 
               | Not sure about your experience, but I used to subscribe
               | to a lot of mailing lists just so that I can search for
               | mailing list content using gmail, because the search
               | function implemented by those mailing lists were
               | generally worse.
        
             | porridgeraisin wrote:
             | Comparing the innovations of Bell Labs with..... _Protobuf_
             | of all things makes me gag.
        
               | akoboldfrying wrote:
               | Gag if you want to gag, but I'm not comparing anything
               | with Bell Labs. I'm giving evidence that the claim I
               | quoted is false.
        
             | treyd wrote:
             | Go you can hardly call an innovation. All of the ideas
             | existed previously, and it's a poor execution on those
             | ideas for reasons that have been discussed on HN at length
             | before. They created it to serve their own needs in
             | conditioning the labor market to make their hiring process
             | easier.
        
               | kajecounterhack wrote:
               | Gosh this is pretty unfair to Rob Pike and Ken Thompson.
               | A lot of infrastructure companies have benefitted from Go
               | the same way Google has, for the same reasons.
               | 
               | Typical HN comment writing off significant thoughtfulness
               | as "not an innovation" lol
        
           | jonas21 wrote:
           | > _Google is famous for not innovating on anything
           | successfully, they produce graveyards of trash._
           | 
           | - AlphaFold (just won a Nobel prize)
           | 
           | - Transformers (the "T" in GPT)
           | 
           | - Waymo (autonomous vehicles)
           | 
           | - Sycamore (quantum computing)
           | 
           | These are just a few off the top of my head.
           | 
           | If your idea of innovation is a better RSS reader, then sure,
           | I agree with you. But in terms of things that push the
           | forefront of technology, I have a hard time thinking of
           | another company with greater impact in recent years.
        
         | iml7 wrote:
         | The split of ATT killed Unix2, so we spent 30 years re-
         | implementing Linux+k8s. These things that existed in Unix2 &
         | Plan9 were re-implemented by Plan9 employees in Google Labs.
        
           | Melatonic wrote:
           | Never even heard of Unix2 - was it a complete replacement ?
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | i can't even understand what you are saying? AT&T was good,
           | or bad?
           | 
           | AT&T copyrights led to linux, and linux, independent of unix,
           | has been a huge boon for good, and for unixness.
           | 
           | the threat to unix now is all the people who by nature prefer
           | Dave Cutlerness, and can't see that their way is the wrong
           | way, now they are using linux (because it won) and trying to
           | ruin it.
        
           | lfmunoz4 wrote:
           | UNIX exists because ATT was split. They could not profit from
           | software (by law because of an agreement with the government)
           | so early versions of UNIX where made free.
           | 
           | This should be well known, simple google search:
           | 
           | https://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-
           | general-1/why...
        
           | flomo wrote:
           | Seconding info about "unix2". I used to pour over the trade
           | tabloids, and I've never heard of this.
           | 
           | Novell bought UNIX and has some grand plans for "SuperNOS",
           | which also never shipped. It certainly wasn't anything like
           | K8s.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | UNIX only became a success, because ATT initially wasn't
           | allowed to charge real money for research work.
        
           | HillRat wrote:
           | The AT&T split had nothing to do with monopoly regulation (as
           | opposed to the Bell breakup in 1982), other than the fact
           | that Wall Street wasn't rewarding regulated operating
           | companies with dot-com valuations. AT&T wanted to sell
           | hardware to other telcos and dot-coms, so spun off Lucent,
           | which had no idea what it wanted to do with P9/Inferno (which
           | was a fantastic piece of kit!) other than embed it into a
           | couple of network products. Lucent bet heavily on unstable
           | CLECs like Worldcom, generated a couple of headline-creating
           | network crashes, and then failed to capitalize on their pole
           | position in optical long-haul (to be fair, they also bet
           | heavily on a very unstable Global Crossing for that). There's
           | a lot of mismanagement and failures that can be ascribed to
           | Lucent leadership without government or regulatory
           | intervention being involved.
        
         | brendoelfrendo wrote:
         | So wait, markets don't work, then? A free market,
         | theoretically, promotes innovation by ensuring that businesses
         | must advance their products in order to compete with one
         | another. You're saying that a lack of competition promotes
         | innovation by concentrating all of an industry's capital under
         | one roof.
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | Regalian roles are to ensure fair competition by reducing any
           | actor bigger than the state to something smaller, and
           | ensuring the economy works with transparent information (no
           | lying, rule of law, etc.)
           | 
           | Companies getting too big are natural; Letting them get too
           | big is what happens when your state borrows a trillion per
           | semester: Your state is obese, intervening in every little
           | sector of the economy (thus the opposite of liberal), and not
           | playing its regalian role.
           | 
           | You should indeed reduce the size of both the state and the
           | largest companies, to let the economy self-regulate, but
           | then, how would the US govern the rest of the world?
        
           | farts_mckensy wrote:
           | Both can be true in varying degrees at certain points in
           | time. They're not mutually exclusive. There are benefits to
           | centralization and concentration of capital. Competition is
           | the same exact process that leads to monopolistic entities in
           | the first place.
        
           | Kon5ole wrote:
           | The thing that makes markets work is the struggle. A
           | Darwinian survival of the fittest in a way. Once the struggle
           | is over and only one contestant remains, the results are
           | generally dystopian.
           | 
           | Also I believe that even when working optimally the Darwinian
           | mechanism can't solve certain problems. Some things need to
           | be dealt with by a group of motivated people working for
           | other goals than profit.
           | 
           | Markets gave us compuserve and facebook while CERN gave us
           | the open web, for example.
        
             | someluccc wrote:
             | Yes I can see the dystopian consequences of google's search
             | monopoly profits, which they have used to do such horrible
             | things as:
             | 
             | - Providing a free alternative to Microsoft's monopolized
             | office suite and desktop OS
             | 
             | - Provide a free alternative to Apple's mobile OS, spurring
             | a revolution in access to the internet for the world's poor
             | 
             | - Provide free global maps with streetview sights
             | 
             | - Provide a free to access video platform with invaluable
             | educational resources that allows millions of creators to
             | make a living and that likely wouldn't exist save for
             | Google's monumental investments and ability to sustain
             | years of losses
             | 
             | - Research given away for free that ignited the current AI
             | revolution
             | 
             | - Research given away for free that is revolutionizing
             | medicine and drug development
             | 
             | In sum, truly a horrible thing they've done
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | Very few of that is free. openstreetmap - that's free.
               | Google maps is an advertising and data mining platform.
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | So you're telling me the evil monopolist that charges
               | nothing has a competitor, and that competitor is free?
               | Which is why we must break up the evil monopolist?
        
               | Kon5ole wrote:
               | The case against Google surely is that they shouldn't be
               | allowed to use their dominant position in ad sales to
               | price dump unrelated businesses until all competitors are
               | gone.
               | 
               | Like for example having youtube be free until they're the
               | only game in town then start charging 14 dollars monthly
               | to avoid 30% ads. Or targeting ads to gmail users so you
               | can artificially provide a cheaper mail service than
               | anyone else.
               | 
               | There's an actual law saying you can't do stuff like
               | that.
        
         | waveBidder wrote:
         | just skip the middle man skimming off the top and 10x the
         | national labs funding.
        
           | qnleigh wrote:
           | I wish this were a viable option, but it is not. US national
           | labs are horribly, horribly mismanaged. For some slower-
           | moving fields like particle physics where institutional
           | knowledge is key, they hold up alright, but for fast moving
           | fields like quantum they are very behind. They are stagnant
           | bureaucracies. I could tell stories, but better to just
           | compare the output of national labs in many fields to those
           | of the top universities in the States.
        
             | onecommentman wrote:
             | I think you need to better support the contention that the
             | National Labs are "horribly, horribly mismanaged" [not even
             | just horribly, but horribly, horribly]. I think many of us
             | would like to hear your stories. But note that many in your
             | audience here have decades of experience across both
             | National Labs and leading industrial laboratories. Please,
             | share your stories that span the contributions of tens of
             | thousands of top-level STEM contributors across practically
             | every area of scientific and engineering endeavor over the
             | last, say, 15 years. Remember to stay unclassified...
        
               | busterarm wrote:
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=national+laboratory+misma
               | nag.... it has been widely reported on. Search results
               | are eye-opening.
        
             | waveBidder wrote:
             | Then separate out the basic science from the defense work
             | which requires that bureaucratic oversight. Or direct that
             | funding to universities. My main point is allowing
             | monopolies because they direct their excess profits to
             | research to hide their excess profits is just a complicated
             | tax to fund basic research, which we would be better off
             | spending directly on research without bloated executive
             | salaries and distorted markets in e.g. search or browsers.
        
         | fsh wrote:
         | Clearly this model no longer works. Bell labs had 11 nobel
         | prize winners. What did Google invent? Slightly better
         | generative neural networks whose offsprings now pollute their
         | search results?
        
           | fecal_henge wrote:
           | Google invented the ability to put an animated Gif inside a
           | spreadsheet cell.
        
             | nick__m wrote:
             | with COM and OLE, this was possible in excel on win3.11 !
        
           | GauntletWizard wrote:
           | You could interpret this the other way - Why has Jeff Dean
           | been snubbed by the Nobel committee? Why hasn't Larry Page
           | gotten a Nobel for inventing the search technology that half
           | the planet now depends on? I don't know what category to put
           | that one in, but there's some important results in
           | lightspeed-limited communications in "The Datacenter as a
           | Computer" that would be worth extending the Physics category
           | for.
        
             | apercu wrote:
             | "search technology"
             | 
             | Google is an advertising company, search is a by-product
             | and has been for a long time.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | About 20 years ago it wasn't, and Google's pagerank stuff
               | was revolutionary and potentially nobel prize worthy (no
               | idea, I'm not a scientist)
        
               | apercu wrote:
               | It was better search than other search options at the
               | time, but was quickly an advertising company. It's also
               | too bad that that it was so dominant early, because there
               | used to be 4-5 search Enginess and their results were
               | very different and you could find things in non-google
               | results that you couldn't get from google (and vice
               | versa).
               | 
               | You're not wrong, but it didn't last. Google jumped the
               | shark in its first decade. I remember giving an internal
               | presentation in 2010 or 2012 about how little of the
               | screen real estate in a Google search result was actually
               | search results.
        
           | laborcontract wrote:
           | indexing against Nobel prizes is like trying to use patents
           | as a proxy for innovation
        
           | fragmede wrote:
           | Spanner is one thing I'd say they invented but they built a
           | whole bunch of really neat stuff in order to be able to run
           | search, back in 1998. that they're this behemoth conglomerate
           | that it's cool to hate on doesn't erase the fact that they
           | had to build all sorts of new things when they were just
           | starting out.
        
           | novia wrote:
           | Two of Google's researchers are getting the Nobel prize for
           | AlphaFold2 this year.
        
             | 331c8c71 wrote:
             | DeepMind, not Google organically.
        
               | novia wrote:
               | Many parts of Google today are acquisitions: YouTube,
               | Android, Doubleclick, and many more.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | What on Earth... you do realize that antitrust regulation was
         | the only reason we got Unix in the first place, right?
        
         | onecommentman wrote:
         | Trying to turn a zoo into a farm, as AT&T attempted to do with
         | Bell Labs post-divestiture, had limited success and incurred
         | great emotional and spiritual cost on the institution. Bleah.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _side effect benefit of big kahuna companies mainly on the
         | significant breakthrough and game changing research output_
         | 
         | "Given that production could be carried on without any
         | organization, Coase asks, 'Why and under what conditions should
         | we expect firms to emerge?' Since modern firms can only emerge
         | when an entrepreneur of some sort begins to hire people,
         | Coase's analysis proceeds by considering the conditions under
         | which it makes sense for an entrepreneur to seek hired help
         | instead of contracting out for some particular task. The
         | traditional economic theory of the time suggested that, because
         | the market is 'efficient' (that is, those who are best at
         | providing each good or service most cheaply are already doing
         | so), it should always be cheaper to contract out than to hire.
         | 
         | Coase noted, however, that there are a number of transaction
         | costs to using the market; the cost of obtaining a good or
         | service via the market is actually more than just the price of
         | the good. Other costs, including search and information costs,
         | bargaining costs, keeping trade secrets, and policing and
         | enforcement costs, can all potentially add to the cost of
         | procuring something via the market. This suggests that firms
         | will arise when they can arrange to produce what they need
         | internally, and somehow avoid these costs.
         | 
         | There is a natural limit to what can be produced internally,
         | however. Coase notices 'decreasing returns to the entrepreneur
         | function', including increasing overhead costs and increasing
         | propensity for an overwhelmed manager to make mistakes in
         | resource allocation. This is a countervailing cost to the use
         | of the firm.
         | 
         | Coase argues that the size of a firm (as measured by how many
         | contractual relations are 'internal' to the firm and how many
         | 'external') is a result of finding an optimal balance between
         | the competing tendencies of the costs outlined above. In
         | general, making the firm larger will initially be advantageous,
         | but the decreasing returns indicated above will eventually kick
         | in, preventing the firm from growing indefinitely."
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Nature_of_the_Firm
        
         | DinoDad13 wrote:
         | I love it when the top comments on a hacker news thread is
         | justifying monopolies. Fuck economics right?
        
           | cosmic_quanta wrote:
           | Do you think it's impossible to have a nuanced discussion
           | about monopolies? Their net effect may be wholly negative
           | while having some interesting aspects
        
             | brendoelfrendo wrote:
             | Not impossible, but _mostly_ impossible. You can discuss
             | the interesting aspects of large corporations, but you can
             | 't really discuss them in a vacuum. The top level post
             | about "big kahuna" companies comes across as an unambiguous
             | defense of monopolies, not an attempt at nuanced
             | conversation.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | Not a participant in your back-and-forth, but the top
               | level comment seems to be much more nuanced than your
               | posts. Perhaps you could:
               | 
               | > _"Please respond to the strongest plausible
               | interpretation of what someone says, not a weaker one
               | that 's easier to criticize. Assume good faith."_
        
               | DinoDad13 wrote:
               | > "Split them up at your own (US) perils, not unlike
               | killing own Golden Goose."
        
           | benopal64 wrote:
           | Honestly, it's disgusting.
           | 
           | Have these people even read the white papers that Google
           | releases? They are mostly marketing pieces.
           | 
           | When systems and technologies are not publicly reproducible,
           | why should scientists and (most) engineers care? I will not
           | take Google at its word and would not recommend it to others.
        
           | belter wrote:
           | You should know 80% of Hacker News works for either Google or
           | Facebook.
        
         | optymizer wrote:
         | Drawing from own experience working with Harvard, MIT and
         | Google researchers, I could not disagree more.
         | 
         | When you talk to a researcher, do they strike you as someone
         | who chases handsome amounts of money, or someone who chases
         | ideas?
         | 
         | You bring up research labs. I listened to Alan Kay's numerous
         | talks over the years (as an example of a prominent CS
         | researcher), not once does he mention that he joined for the
         | money at Xerox PARC. Yes, he was paid, but the main advantage
         | was being given free reign to conduct research with the best
         | experts in their fields, i.e. to invent and pursue ideas.
         | 
         | The important part from a financial perspective, is to be able
         | to have finances to back a research division, where you can
         | spend billions on building a new type of technology, if need
         | be, that may not pan out. You don't need a monopoly to
         | accomplish that.
         | 
         | You know who does chase handsome amounts of money? Day traders
         | and everyone gambling on the stock market.
        
           | logicchains wrote:
           | > is to be able to have finances to back a research division,
           | where you can spend billions on building a new type of
           | technology, if need be, that may not pan out. You don't need
           | a monopoly to accomplish that
           | 
           | A company in an industry with very tight margins has much
           | less money to invest in fundamental research. All the recent
           | growth in generative AI has been driven by companies with
           | very high margins; Google, Facebook, Amazon. If all those
           | FANG were in tightly competitive markets and hence had low
           | margins, they wouldn't have had billions of dollars to spend
           | on the GPU compute necessary to develop modern language
           | models. Which is evidenced by the fact that no companies in
           | more competitive sectors have produced any large language
           | models.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _company in an industry with very tight margins has much
             | less money to invest in fundamental research_
             | 
             | OpenAI has raised almost $18bn to date [1]. That puts it in
             | the top 10 corporate R&D spenders globally, ahead of Intel
             | and the entirety of big pharma [2]. (And OpenAI's gross
             | margins for its API business are estimated around 40% [3].
             | Standard fare for tech. If anything, OpenAI subsidising its
             | business with Apple and ChatGPT is behaving more like a
             | tech giant than a start-up.)
             | 
             | The top of that list are the big 5 American tech companies,
             | spending about $200bn annually on R&D. By coincidence,
             | that's roughly the pace of U.S. VC spend [4]. The depth of
             | American private capital markets make a solid case against
             | favouring housing these long-shot bets inside tech giants.
             | (Particularly absent non-compete and IP reform.)
             | 
             | [1] https://techcrunch.com/2024/10/02/openai-
             | raises-6-6b-and-is-...
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_companies_by_rese
             | arch_...
             | 
             | [3] https://www.theinformation.com/articles/a-peek-behind-
             | openai...
             | 
             | [4] https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/ai-deals-lift-
             | us-ve...
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | Because you specifically mention Alan Kay, I just finished
           | reading "Dealers of Lightning", which is about PARC, and says
           | that the researchers there were very handsomely paid. IIRC,
           | they were paid 20% more than their counterparts in 'regular'
           | Xerox R&D. Xerox was also a big company, making a lot of
           | money when it started PARC; arguably a monopoly (depending on
           | how you define the term).
        
             | thefaux wrote:
             | That still doesn't prove that Kay worked there because of
             | the financial incentives. I don't think that 20% is nearly
             | enough for most top talent to bail to an otherwise less
             | attractive company if they deeply care about what they're
             | working on so long as they aren't wildly underpaid. There
             | needs to be a combination of incentives to drive movement.
        
               | nickff wrote:
               | I don't know how you could prove or disprove why Kay
               | worked somewhere fifty years ago, short of a written
               | affidavit produced at the time. Additionally, most
               | professionals don't admit that they took a job because of
               | the pay, even if that's exactly why they did it; they
               | usually say they 'went for a new challenge' or something
               | like that.
        
         | tivert wrote:
         | I think you're getting it backwards. The research operations
         | are a desperate attempt stave off regulation to keep the sweet,
         | sweet monopoly profits coming in (and those profits are _so
         | big_ that the bean-counters allow it). I believe that was the
         | explicit strategy at AT &T. We collectively pay way, _way_
         | more.
         | 
         | It'd be way more efficient and cost effective to just set up a
         | well-funded government labs to do that research.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | It's an interesting argument for monopolies possibly being a
           | net-good, but I don't think regulators really look at it.
           | Companies do R&D because they like their monopoly status and
           | don't want to be caught flat-footed by something new.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Yes. If a large company didn't employ those researchers,
             | someone else would, and if they were for someone else maybe
             | they'll come up with something which could damage the large
             | company.
             | 
             | It's not about building and owning the next best thing,
             | it's about preventing someone else building and owning the
             | next best thing.
        
           | zaphar wrote:
           | I am not at all confident that a government lab will be
           | either well-funded or efficient in any sense of the words.
        
             | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARPANET
             | 
             | TCP/IP?
        
         | alexpotato wrote:
         | Rory Sutherland has a great take on this which is (paraphrasing
         | and my own interpretation):
         | 
         | Innovation is a lot easier when you have a lot of money to
         | spend on R&D. In order to get that money, you can't compete on
         | price b/c that's a race to the bottom. Instead, you want to
         | focus on quality and/or customer service so that you become a
         | monopoly and then can use monopoly profits to innovate to
         | higher quality products and services.
         | 
         | Clip:
         | https://www.tiktok.com/@rorysutherlandclips/video/7314765561...
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | classical MBA says that a firm can compete on price OR
           | branding, unfair advantages (moat) notwithstanding.
           | Competition in commodities is difficult but not impossible
           | given a rational economic environment. Some would say that
           | the modern expectation of returns on investment are
           | irrational, and warp the economics around them too.
        
           | pdonis wrote:
           | Peter Thiel made a similar argument about monopolies years
           | ago. As I pointed out then [1], the argument only shows that
           | monopoly is good for the monopolist; it doesn't actually show
           | that monopolies are good for society as a whole.
           | 
           | [1] http://blog.peterdonis.com/opinions/monopoly-money.html
        
         | which wrote:
         | This! And where do people think open source funding,
         | hackathons, bug bounties for software that's not even theirs,
         | oss-fuzz, really incredible but not necessarily profitable
         | research like Project Zero comes from? AdWords largesse.
        
         | blackoil wrote:
         | That is like wishing a benevolent dictator, who'll be in most
         | cases more efficient then democracy but is a huge risk to take.
        
         | a_wild_dandan wrote:
         | Lina Khan's response to this argument. [1]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.youtube.com/live/L_QaZk5iJOA?si=ZkxBe1CHgagmcBcW...
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | So it's OK to burden the whole country with a monopoly as long
         | as they fund a handful of Nobel prizes?
         | 
         | Competition is a prerequisite for healthy Capitalism. Lack of
         | competition is the Achilles heel.
        
           | someluccc wrote:
           | Please do tell us how Google is a burden to the whole
           | country.
           | 
           | Is it the free maps? free mobile OS? free email? free cloud
           | storage? free video service? free office suite? free desktop
           | OS? free AI chat?
        
             | christhecaribou wrote:
             | Read a book on tech entrepreneurship. The "goal" of most
             | startups is to get purchased by a big tech company. That's
             | utterly fucked, and tacitly demonstrates the problem.
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | It's fucked that people start companies because they have
               | the safety net of possibly being acquired even if the
               | business doesn't work out?
        
               | christhecaribou wrote:
               | It's suspicious that long term growth into an independent
               | business isn't realistically discussed as an option.
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | Because a lot of those business are only possible through
               | monumental amounts of work and/or investment and selling
               | is way easier than being an owner-operator for years
               | under very probable risk of failure?
        
       | Maledictus wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/DPtgt
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | Google is such a rudderless mess that breaking it up may be the
       | only way to salvage anything of societal value from this company.
        
         | pixxel wrote:
         | >societal value
         | 
         | Genuine question: what societal value would be lost if Google
         | was erased tomorrow (all technical reliance their services was
         | magically replaced overnight with alternatives by pixies)?
        
           | ruthmarx wrote:
           | What would happen if you replaced Google with a perfect
           | functional equivalent? Well, nothing.
           | 
           | You don't happen to know where one could find these magical
           | perfectly compatible and functional drop in replacements, do
           | you?
        
             | idle_zealot wrote:
             | The closest thing to a unique offering that they have is
             | YouTube. What other services don't have perfectly
             | reasonable replacements ready and waiting?
        
               | bhelkey wrote:
               | Android makes up ~70% of the global phone marketshare
               | [1]. Google maps makes up 70% of the mapping marketshare
               | [2]. Chrome makes up ~65% of the browser marketshare [3].
               | Those are three of the nine products Google has with over
               | a billion users [4].
               | 
               | [1] https://backlinko.com/iphone-vs-android-statistics
               | 
               | [2] https://www.thestreet.com/technology/big-tech-
               | working-to-cha...
               | 
               | [3] https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-share
               | 
               | [4] https://01core.substack.com/p/google-has-9-products-
               | with-ove...
        
               | idle_zealot wrote:
               | Excellent job demonstrating Google's broad market
               | dominance, and that alternatives exist to replace them
               | should antitrust action be taken.
        
               | bhelkey wrote:
               | What drop in equivalent exists for Android? I have no
               | desire to move to iOS.
               | 
               | What drop in equivalent exists for Google maps? I have
               | used OpenStreetMap for a personal project and have tried
               | other proprietary options. If Google maps disappeared,
               | life would go on but I would be worse off.
               | 
               | What equivalent exists for Chrome? Even on desktop I
               | prefer Chrome over Firefox. On mobile, Firefox falls far
               | behind Chrome.
        
               | idle_zealot wrote:
               | Fortunately for you, Android and Chromium are FOSS and
               | not going anywhere. For maps there is OSM with several
               | available frontends, Bing maps, and Apple Maps has a web
               | version.
        
               | ruthmarx wrote:
               | No one is denying alternatives exist, people are denying
               | alternatives exist that are anywhere near as good.
        
               | ruthmarx wrote:
               | > What other services don't have perfectly reasonable
               | replacements ready and waiting?
               | 
               | How about which single reasonable replacement offers the
               | same services with the same level of integration?
               | 
               | Using Yahoo Mail and Amazon Cloud and Office Online and
               | whatever other products isn't quite the same offering as
               | what Google offers.
        
               | idle_zealot wrote:
               | Interoperability is great, walled-garden integration is a
               | trap like any sort of bundling. If someone wants to
               | create a suite of products that work well together that's
               | fine so long as they employ means that allow other
               | products to integrate as well. Google has gone the other
               | route and created a suite of products and services that
               | integrate in ways that exclude competitors.
        
               | ruthmarx wrote:
               | > Interoperability is great,
               | 
               | Yup, and that's what people want. So what is the
               | integrated service you are saying exists that can be a
               | drop in replacement for the way so many organizations use
               | Google's integrated services?
        
               | idle_zealot wrote:
               | There isn't one, and there's no incentive to build it so
               | long as creating a walled garden is more profitable.
        
               | ruthmarx wrote:
               | > There isn't one,
               | 
               | There we go. So if we go back up to your first comment
               | where you say there are separate replacements for some
               | services, you can see that isn't really relevant since
               | what is being discussed was a drop in replacement for
               | Google, and not an individual service they offer.
               | 
               | Aside from that though, Google's offerings are not a
               | walled garden.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | You could make that argument for anything, though.
        
         | dehrmann wrote:
         | One of the pendulums in business strategy is whether companies
         | should be smaller so they can be more nimble and pursue their
         | own destines or larger so the can be more protected from market
         | demands and can capitalize on "synergies" with other business
         | units.
         | 
         | In practice, investors usually discount larger companies for
         | efficiency reasons. You can see this with acquisition
         | announcements where the acquirer usually goes down in price.
         | The synergies often fail to pay off because there aren't
         | actually many synergies between making microwaves and running a
         | TV network, and the sprawling empire turns into mostly
         | independent fiefdoms.
        
       | eastbound wrote:
       | There has been many announcements of lawsuits based on antitrust
       | in the last 3 weeks.
       | 
       | We can assume the message is "If you reelect the current party,
       | we'll finish these lawsuits." There are two perverse effects:
       | 
       | - It positions the alternate party as the party that Google
       | should sponsor,
       | 
       | - The good choice after reelection will then be to delay the next
       | step of those popular antitrust cases to 3 weeks before the end
       | of the next mandate, to tell the electors that they should
       | reelect. Which ironically puts the current party in the position
       | of the one doing nothing on the popular antitrust case (a
       | corollary to "a party's platform depends on ensuring the problems
       | it's supposed to solve keep existing").
        
         | chipgap98 wrote:
         | Weren't some of these cases begun under the previous
         | administration? Neither party is a fan of big tech
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | Harris has been thin on policy, so it's hard to say, but
           | seeing that she's from the Bay Area, she might be more
           | careful more careful to not break one of the country's key
           | industries.
        
       | ripped_britches wrote:
       | It will be really ironic if this kills Mozilla / Firefox
        
         | shiroiushi wrote:
         | That's one of several scary scenarios.
         | 
         | What if it kills Android, and everyone has to buy an iPhone?
         | (Yeah, I know, Android is OSS and the phone makers could just
         | maintain/improve it as a consortium without Google, but looking
         | at how these companies operate I don't think they're capable of
         | doing this.) (And no, I don't think the USG will break up Apple
         | if this happens. They're already showing highly preferential
         | treatment to Apple compared to Google.)
         | 
         | What if it kills YouTube, and the only viable alternative is
         | TikTok? I recommend everyone start downloading all their
         | favorite YouTube videos with yt-dlp right away, just in case.
         | 
         | What if it kills Google Maps? Again, there's no real viable
         | alternative here unless you have an iPhone.
         | 
         | I can see a lot of ways things could go horribly wrong here if
         | you're someone who doesn't want to be an Apple user.
        
           | dehrmann wrote:
           | > And no, I don't think the USG will break up Apple if this
           | happens. They're already showing highly preferential
           | treatment to Apple compared to Google.
           | 
           | The largest business by far is iPhones. It has 16% market
           | share in the PC business, behind Lenovo, HP, and Dell. The
           | only business that makes sense to peel off is the iPhone
           | services (Apple Music, News, etc.) because that's the place
           | it uses its dominant position to help its own products.
        
           | busterarm wrote:
           | Samsung could easily maintain Android as they already have
           | their own little Android software ecosystem that differs
           | greatly from Google's. Full of spyware, but yeah.
           | 
           | There's tons of video hosting options but what makes YouTube
           | special is access to a large audience and monetization.
           | TikTok's monetization is garbage and not even a contender
           | really. Large content creators are already negotiating their
           | own brand deals to the point where YouTube's ad money is
           | merely the cherry on top. I actually think breaking up
           | YouTube would be good for audiences and in the long run
           | creators themselves. Content creator networks would make a
           | return in a big way.
           | 
           | There is already OpenStreetMaps. MapQuest existed before
           | Google Maps and still does.
        
             | labcomputer wrote:
             | Yea, but OSM has variable quality by country, and isn't
             | really a "navigable" map in most places.
             | 
             | You can't get turn-by-turn directions because they don't
             | (consistently) have things like lane permeability, turn
             | restrictions, directionality, etc. You can't get accurate
             | ETAs because they don't have speed limits or free flow
             | speeds. And traffic data of course. Unless things have
             | changed, routing class and surface type are also
             | unreliable, so a shortest-path graph algo will take you
             | down neighborhood streets or unmaintained roads.
             | 
             | There is a ton of under-the-hood map data, invisible to the
             | end user, that you need to have to be able to deliver a
             | modern phone navigation experience.
        
               | busterarm wrote:
               | Garmin (and other) GPS devices still exist. They're quite
               | nice these days even.
               | 
               | My phone tends to overheat when I stick it under the
               | window to use for directions, so I tend to prefer the
               | dedicated GPS units anyway.
        
           | labcomputer wrote:
           | Google Maps isn't going anywhere. They are a profit center
           | from all the search ads within the map.
        
         | azemetre wrote:
         | Mozilla killed Firefox itself with its poor leadership. They
         | have had nearly 20 years of Google writing them half a billion
         | checks annually. If they can't come up with a better business
         | plan than literal corporate welfare, maybe they don't deserve
         | to exist?
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | I don't understand where all the money goes for mozilla. Here
         | is the revenue line from wikipedia for 2022:
         | 
         | total revenue | percent from google | total expenses |software
         | dev expenses
         | 
         | $593 million | 81% ($480 million) | $425 million | $220 million
         | 
         | so basically 168 million in the bank in 2022. the math has been
         | basically this the last 10 years. in 2018 they lost 1 million
         | but in 2019 they gained 330 million. a lot of their software
         | expenses probably comes from the busywork features they saddled
         | upon themselves like pocket or whatever, since it was only $63
         | million in 2010 and has only gone up by a couple hundred
         | million from there.
         | 
         | So just over the last 10 years from my back of the envelope map
         | from that table on wikipedia, they should have a good 1.5
         | billion in the war chest by today assuming the mozilla
         | foundation did not make investments with it, which they
         | probably have this entire time so probably even more valuable.
         | At a certain point, maybe already, the org should have enough
         | cash socked away in investment to just pay for operating
         | expenses out of dividends alone.
        
       | dtquad wrote:
       | Hilariously shortsighted. Big Tech companies have been a GDP-
       | doubling runaway success for the US economy.
       | 
       | It would be like if we here in Denmark started breaking up Novo
       | Nordisk. Our economists would probably do a public lynching of
       | any government official who suggested doing that.
       | 
       | However as a European I can't help but welcoming the US shooting
       | themselves in the foot like this. Something tells me we will see
       | more of this as more reddit-brained American millennials get
       | political influence.
        
         | MathiasPius wrote:
         | It is precisely the large impact on GDP that poses a threat to
         | the host nation. When companies like Novo Nordisk are such a
         | huge part of the economy, they can exert disproportionate
         | influence on society itself.
         | 
         | Our economy is absolutely benefiting from Novo Nordisk's size
         | right now, but if/when their demand weakens or they're out-
         | competed, we're going to end up with a lot of unemployed
         | biotechnicians and massive roads to Kalundborg which will need
         | to be maintained.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | Hilariously shortsighted. Breaking up Standard Oil created
         | wildly competitive industries and launched Rockefeller's wealth
         | into the stratosphere. Big Tech is a rent-seeking middleman
         | that chokes the life out of innovation.
        
           | mandibles wrote:
           | Standard Oil had already lost a huge portion of its market
           | share when the forced breakup finally happened.
        
         | openrisk wrote:
         | Hilariously confused. Tech is different from Big Tech, which is
         | yet further different from Big Ad Tech.
         | 
         | For the avoidance of doubt, Wintel was Big Tech. The status quo
         | now is Big Ad Tech.
         | 
         | The main economically positive thing for the US (and something
         | Europeans absolutely screwed up in relative terms versus the US
         | and increasingly China) is the early investment and adoption of
         | Tech. Digitization as such _is_ a great enabler.
         | 
         | But you don't need Big Tech oligopolies for a vibrant digital
         | economy.
         | 
         | But even more importantly, you don't need bizarre Big Ad Tech
         | commingled business models that build the economy's entire tech
         | infrastructure - many parts of it having a critical utility
         | like role - on the back of... ads.
         | 
         | But there is little scope for European schadenfreude. Arguably
         | the US antitrust gears are moving precisely because people
         | slowly wake up to the limits on economic opportunity placed by
         | the Big Ad Tech status quo.
         | 
         | In Europe we are good at words and criticizing mistakes but
         | deeds are scarce.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | > Hilariously confused. Tech is different from Big Tech,
           | which is yet further different from Big Ad Tech.
           | 
           | Big Ad Tech has been a money spigot for R&D in both hard and
           | soft tech. This comes via M&A but also spawning a generation
           | of VCs willing to fritter away adtech money on fun hard tech
           | startups.
           | 
           | There is not a big source of VC funding for hardware startups
           | that doesn't come directly or indirectly from Big Tech / Big
           | Ad Tech revenue and valuations.
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | Denmark has separate gdp numbers that don't include novo
         | nordisk because they care about the real economy, not just
         | number go up.
        
           | lotsofpulp wrote:
           | Developing and selling medicine to solve the number one
           | health problem in the world (in addition to medicines for
           | other health problems) is not real economy?
        
         | idle_zealot wrote:
         | There is no point in chasing a high GDP when it results in a
         | materially worse world. The point of a society isn't to make
         | the numbers go up. If a monopoly is super efficient at
         | generating some nebulous concept of value by creating and
         | operating the world's largest surveillance system and actively
         | using it to sell influence over people's attention and habits
         | then the only sensible thing to do is to dismantle it.
        
           | richwater wrote:
           | > results in a materially worse world.
           | 
           | Please explain how Google has created a materially worse
           | world
        
             | idle_zealot wrote:
             | Uh, I did. That's what the whole "surveillance system" part
             | of the post was. Also I think advertisements in general are
             | harmful.
        
               | dvngnt_ wrote:
               | how do people learn of products?
        
               | ssklash wrote:
               | If ads are the only way people are able to learn about
               | products, then there is clearly a massive failure of
               | imagination, as well as innovation. People know what they
               | need, and have always known. The concept of exploiting
               | human psychology in order to sell more of a product to
               | people who likely don't need it is a relatively recent
               | development in human history. Plus you can just search
               | for stuff you need in a search engine...
        
               | bluGill wrote:
               | > People know what they need, and have always known
               | 
               | No we don't. I need a better mouse trap, but I already
               | have mouse traps that work, so if you make a better one
               | you need me to find out about it otherwise I'll just buy
               | the same old not so good ones out of habit thinking they
               | work as good as any other one. There are also problems
               | that I don't even know I have. There are a lot of houses
               | with terrible insulation that the owners really need some
               | advertisement to get them to upgrade - it will pay off in
               | just a few years.
        
               | idle_zealot wrote:
               | These ads do not need to interrupt people's lives to make
               | their cases. If that mouse trap is so good then people
               | who are in the market will discover it by active
               | searching, then spread their discovery. If the new
               | insulation will save people money then that's newsworthy
               | information and will be reported on in information
               | outlets that people subscribe to. The idea that
               | businesses paying to push awareness is the only way
               | people might discover previously unknown products and
               | services is absurd.
        
               | idle_zealot wrote:
               | At a time of their choosing they can subject themselves
               | to marketing material (yellow pages) or simple word-of-
               | mouth amplified by the Internet. Treating "knowledge of
               | your product/service" as a market commodity is bizarre
               | and has overall negative effects on competition (more
               | money buys more awareness equals more sales).
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | I used to buy a magazine called "Computer Shopper", which
               | I heard about via word of mouth.
               | 
               | Even now I will go out of my way to watch adverts for
               | things like films I might be interested in.
               | 
               | Need to be careful with word of mouth though, many
               | adverts are spread by word of mouth, especially on the
               | internet where people are paid to say "hey this new
               | $product is great". Those are worse that clearly marked
               | ads.
        
               | lovethevoid wrote:
               | The same way you learned about hacker news.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | If ads were to benefit the customer, then they would be
               | opt-in
        
             | alexashka wrote:
             | It's a paperclip maximizer. Paperclip maximizers are bad.
        
             | ssklash wrote:
             | What part of being a massive ad company whose raison d'etre
             | is to collect as much personal information about you as
             | possible (with limited or no consent) to enable other
             | people to try to convince you to buy stuff even remotely a
             | net positive for the world?
        
               | pawelmurias wrote:
               | I would prefer to see ads for things that I want rather
               | then see ads for stuff I couldn't care less about. If I
               | get convinced to buy useful things it's a win/win.
        
             | ksenzee wrote:
             | The choices are not "Google as it currently exists" vs "a
             | world without Google," but rather "Google as it currently
             | exists" and "Google as subject to stricter regulation."
             | There's a fair case to be made that the world is worse than
             | it would have been if the US had kept a tighter rein on
             | Google.
        
         | CuriouslyC wrote:
         | What you say would have been true 10+ years ago, but not
         | anymore. Big tech is really into rent seeking and competition
         | stifling now, we'd see more innovation by opening up the space
         | so new players can get a foothold.
        
         | zer8k wrote:
         | The point is to not allow a company to be able to buy out the
         | entire country. Maybe Novo Nordisk is a good steward but
         | historically companies like Google and Amazon act only their
         | own best interests. Breaking up these massive companies ends up
         | doing the better thing anyway - a surge of competition emerges
         | and offers better and often cheaper services. Look at the break
         | up of Bell. The short term was marginally negative (higher long
         | distance costs) but the market was better for it.
         | 
         | Google has a substantial amount of control over the flow of
         | information in the United States. To the point it can literally
         | redefine truth. This is a problem - and one that is easily
         | solved by breaking up a de-facto monopoly. Moreover, the
         | acquire-and-kill strategy stifles innovation. Imagine what we
         | would have if Google didnt have the capital to buy and kill so
         | many small companies.
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | Just curious, who is your employer?
        
       | molticrystal wrote:
       | A lot of Google's features when integrated and leading to ads and
       | other Google properties they are justified, but if you were to
       | forbid cooperation between the divisions, they may be shut down
       | or diminished, as on their own they would need to be subsidized
       | considerably and the 3rd party alternatives for ads would take
       | most of the profits probably leading to negative cash flow
       | without decreasing the level of service or charging fees.
        
         | apercu wrote:
         | If they are shut down but valuable, some other company will
         | produce similar products. That's how the market should work.
        
       | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
       | It's amazing to me that Google is still so rich given how lazy
       | their culture is and how incompetent their product strategy has
       | been. It just goes to show the power of their size and all it
       | brings. Things like capital, monopolies (search), control over
       | platforms (Chrome), network effects (YouTube and ad networks),
       | and just plain old momentum.
       | 
       | This break up is long overdue but we also need a drastic rethink
       | of antitrust law and corporate taxes to shift the economy towards
       | innovative smaller instead of concentrating it in a few megacorps
       | that are as powerful as some governments.
        
       | ktosobcy wrote:
       | As I said in the past - Google and the likes (Meta) should have
       | never been allowed to swallow other companies (DoubleClick,
       | youtube and instagram/whatsapp respecively)...
        
       | ilaksh wrote:
       | I think decentralized technologies should be part of the
       | discussion when you it comes to replacing technology monopolies.
       | For example, there might be some protocols for cooperative web
       | indexing or search or to provide a common layer that companies
       | can build on.
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | Common crawl?
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | I'd love to see how something like this could handle the bad
         | actor problem. It is what (IMO) is currently killing the web
         | today.
         | 
         | How would you, for example, stop a rouge indexer from spewing
         | an unlimited number of bad indexes to spam their garbage into
         | the distributed protocol? Or how would you address just
         | bad/misleading/faulty indexes?
        
           | idle_zealot wrote:
           | Web of trust, I guess? Don't accept just anyone doing
           | scraping/indexing. Keep the trust network human-scale. I can
           | imagine a world where the relevant protocols are open and
           | organizations choose their own roots of trust. Common
           | defaults would likely emerge, things like the Wikimedia
           | foundation or Archive would serve as default roots for your
           | average user, but you could add your own or remove those if
           | you knew what you were doing.
        
       | onecommentman wrote:
       | I've never understood why Congress hasn't mandated the Library of
       | Congress to offer an Internet Archive/Google for content created
       | in the US. Expand to all first-world country content if they
       | wish. This is not a technology-limited problem at this point. Be
       | nice to get fresh high-quality scans of analog content
       | online...the early digital scans available commercially or
       | otherwise are often unreadable.
        
       | pseufaux wrote:
       | Unabashedly one sided, but still a pretty good resource about
       | this case.
       | 
       | https://www.usvgoogleads.com
        
       | matthewfelgate wrote:
       | I don't understand how Microsoft gets away with being a bigger
       | monopoly for longer.
        
         | fyrn_ wrote:
         | Arguably a duopoly with Apple, while ads and web browsing are
         | just google? Not sure just a guess.
        
         | busterarm wrote:
         | A 40 year relationship with every arm of every Government.
        
       | EcommerceFlow wrote:
       | If Google isn't allowed to use search data to train LLMs, would
       | the same apply to X and the tweets found there?
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _If Google isn 't allowed to use search data to train LLMs,
         | would the same apply to X and the tweets found there?_
         | 
         | If a federal judge finds X/Twitter to have a monopoly on short-
         | form nonsense, yes.
        
       | busterarm wrote:
       | This is all smoke and mirrors. DoJ does not have any intention of
       | breaking up their friendly neighborhood Google.
       | 
       | What they're doing is seeing the writing on the wall of the
       | upcoming election and seeing all of their jobs on the line and
       | they're trying to shake down Google for golden parachutes.
       | 
       | I guarantee you in the next year, several high-level DoJ
       | officials will secure senior positions at Google in order to
       | defend against upcoming antitrust litigation. Those that don't
       | will try to use their active litigation as an anchor to try and
       | retain their jobs.
        
       | heinrich5991 wrote:
       | https://archive.is/DPtgt
        
       | geor9e wrote:
       | HN is a special place but among the average folk, I get why 90%
       | of people use google. I'm no google fan, but it still baffles me
       | how bad the alternatives still are. Especially with so many
       | companies scraping the whole web for AI data, and so many GPUs
       | chugging on that data. I suppose they are all focused on
       | replacing the concept of search results with LLM prose.
       | Ironically bing is down at the moment
       | https://downdetector.com/status/bing/
        
         | whiplash451 wrote:
         | Maybe because search is an extremely hard problem and requires
         | hundreds of millions (if not billions) of investment to remain
         | competitive?
        
           | Night_Thastus wrote:
           | Also: There is a MASSIVE incentive for foul play from
           | everyone being searched. Every single business wants their
           | results at the top. Everyone is grasping for every single
           | advertiser's cents. The monetary encouragement to game the
           | system is so incredibly strong. Google has to fight that
           | uphill battle 24/7.
           | 
           | I have a lot of issues with Google as a company, but I do
           | _not_ envy their position when it comes to the web search. It
           | is a cursed problem no matter how you look at it.
        
             | mc32 wrote:
             | If they only divided it into information search ("library"
             | knowledge) and business search (Yelp/YP) where you can
             | tweak your preferences.
             | 
             | When you search for "vacuum cleaner", you either want
             | online stores or you may want a local store. In either case
             | it's a business query rather than looking for reviews or
             | specs.
             | 
             | What's really polluting search, including Google, is the
             | on-demand content generation based on your query. It's a
             | sea of flotsam.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | Unfortunately, if you did that, the businesses would
               | still do their best to muscle in on the "information
               | search" results. Marketers gotta Market, and placement on
               | a SERP is a zero sum game. If one competitor managed to
               | get themselves highly ranked in the "information search"
               | then there would be incentive for all competitors to try.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | I guess the idea is you disallow them from optimizing at
               | all in the info search so much that you derank them on
               | the biz for some not inconsequential amount of time if
               | they misbehave.
        
             | ta_1138 wrote:
             | No doubt, but there's a whole lot of problems shaped like
             | that in tech today.
             | 
             | Look at any two sided market: Amazon/Etsy's third party
             | sellers also want to be at the top, and there are bad
             | actors trying to scam the intermediary and the customer.
             | The same low friction onboarding that allows the company to
             | succeed as an intermediary is also facilitating the fraud.
             | Merchants can be fraudsters, advertisers can be fraudsters,
             | users can be fraudsters producing fake clicks. There's
             | economic incentives everywhere. See the relatively recent
             | news of spotify getting generated songs, which are then
             | played by fake listeners.
             | 
             | The companies are entering this situations with their eyes
             | wide open. It's a necessary problem when you want to be an
             | intermediary at a large enough scale. And if you don't have
             | the scale, the per-interaction costs are really high, and
             | your company gets beaten by someone with an easier
             | onboarding funnel.
        
             | jldugger wrote:
             | >It is a cursed problem no matter how you look at it.
             | 
             | But the funding model is also extremely blessed: you have a
             | stream of people telling you every page load what they're
             | interested in at that exact moment, and it's not hard to
             | match them up with advertisers for those keywords.
             | 
             | And arguably the SEO parasitism problem is worsened by
             | their monopoly -- to the extent that optimizing a site for
             | one engine deoptimizes it on on others, the stronger the
             | lead engine #1 has the more incentive there is to game it.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | It's only getting harder and harder for newcomers to compete.
           | Especially with the rise of abusive AI scrapers, webmasters
           | are increasingly hostile to new web crawlers. Google and Bing
           | get a pass because they're well-known, but any new service is
           | fighting an uphill battle; a lot of sites will block them
           | right off the bat. Nor does it help that some large sites
           | (like Reddit) have inside deals with Google to feed them
           | updates directly.
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | > I'm no google fan, but it still baffles me how bad the
         | alternatives still are.
         | 
         | I have such a hard time understanding your position on this.
         | Google search results are absolute trash now, compared to
         | DuckDuckGo.
        
           | ergonaught wrote:
           | Google search results are garbage and are still superior to
           | DDG.
           | 
           | I start every search in DDG and have to take it to Google
           | fully 90% of the time.
        
             | voisin wrote:
             | I am just shocked at how different our experiences are. I
             | wonder what leads to the vast gulf? Could your results be
             | better due to what you are searching or is the algorithm
             | producing different results for each of us, based on other
             | Google cues?
        
               | gretch wrote:
               | Because generalized Internet search encompasses any and
               | all human interests. The vast gulf could easily be
               | explained by bias in what 2 ppl are interested in and
               | search for.
               | 
               | For example, if Alice is very interested in Sports News,
               | coding, and movie reviews, they might get great results.
               | 
               | And then Bob runs searches on cooking recipes, interior
               | design, and music, and gets terrible results.
               | 
               | Most likely you care about something that the other
               | person doesn't, biasing your search results greatly.
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | I have two examples where Google is really bad.
               | 
               | A general one: Whenever I search for something that was
               | relevant in the past, but the keywords are now hijacked
               | by some current events. Note that setting an upper date
               | limit does not help: My problem is the content itself,
               | not when the content was created. Somebody could still
               | create content today about a historic event.
               | 
               | A concrete example that you guys can try for yourself is
               | that I tried to find a certain Greek fable, because it
               | became important to me because I deeply understood yet
               | another layer of it only recently, decades after hearing
               | the story and the usual interpretations:
               | 
               | Three philosophers discussing... stuff got tired and took
               | a nap under a tree. Some mischievous boy put a black
               | paint mark on their head while they slept. When they woke
               | up, they all only saw the black mark on the other
               | philosophers' heads and laughed at each other. It took a
               | while for one of them to realize that he too must have
               | such a mark.
               | 
               | I tried many questions and keywords and many search
               | engines. The only one that found the fable was -
               | ChatGPT!. All the search eng8ines only showed completely
               | irrelevant stuff. I even tried avoiding the word
               | "philosophers" because there are three well-known ancient
               | Greek philosophers and plenty of results with that exact
               | wording for those guys.
        
           | elevatedastalt wrote:
           | DuckDuckGo can have a seat at the table when they implement
           | their own search index.
           | 
           | Putting a sticker on Bing and Yandex results doesn't make a
           | Search company.
        
             | Abekkus wrote:
             | If they are actually nominally offering privacy over bing
             | and yandex, while selling anonymous ads on that sticker,
             | that is a valid USP.
        
               | elevatedastalt wrote:
               | It's a valid USP and people are happy to pay them for it,
               | but I don't think they are relevant in a discussion about
               | the difficulty of building a search product.
               | 
               | For example, if you are discussing manufacturing issues
               | in China, talking about how good drop-shippers on Amazon
               | are is irrelevant.
        
               | AlienRobot wrote:
               | Tomorrow Bing could say "yeah no more index for you" and
               | DDG shuts down. It doesn't feel like a very stable
               | business model to depend entirely on someone else's
               | business.
        
           | mock-possum wrote:
           | Here are some examples of DDG utterly failing as a search
           | engine compared to google: https://www.tumblr.com/ddgvsggl
        
           | AlienRobot wrote:
           | Not my experience. I'd like to see you prove this.
        
         | blackoil wrote:
         | That even if True is irrelevant to discussion. Antitrust isn't
         | mostly against monopoly, but its abuse to gain benefit in
         | another area or uncompetitive practices to stifle potential
         | competition.
        
         | enraged_camel wrote:
         | The alternatives are bad because the ones that were even
         | remotely good were bought and killed by Google over the years.
         | This includes ones we all have heard of as well as countless
         | others.
         | 
         | This is a common tactic of tech giants, and the direct
         | consequence of it is... what we have today.
        
           | aednichols wrote:
           | Google has acquired a lot of ad competitors, but I can't
           | remember any general-purpose search engines. It seemed more
           | like they died out naturally over a long period. I welcome
           | new information if that's not right.
        
             | buildsjets wrote:
             | They definitely bought and killed DejaNews.
             | 
             | Edit: Per Wiki, Google has also bought and killed the
             | following search engines/services that nobody has heard of:
             | Outride, Kaltix, Plink, Like.com, Orion, Metaweb, Awkan
             | Technologies.
        
         | xdennis wrote:
         | > it still baffles me how bad the alternatives still are
         | 
         | Hard disagree. Google almost delights in not showing what you
         | want. For political stuff it's very biased. If you search for
         | something more obscure, Google really likes to "correct" your
         | search and eliminate terms.
         | 
         | Although Google is better in my maternal language and for
         | images (but AI is ruining image search for everyone).
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | I use DDG most of the time. Sometimes I try Google, and then
         | I'm disgusted by all the non-result garbage they put at the top
         | nowadays. Once in a while they do have something valuable that
         | DDG misses.
         | 
         | So yeah, I find DDG perfectly adequate.
        
         | tannhaeuser wrote:
         | HN isn't that special a place considering nerds think about
         | Google as a "search engine" lol.
         | 
         | Google/Alphabet, first and foremost, is the largest online
         | advertiser via its acquisitions of YouTube, DoubleClick, and
         | others, in addition to selling ad placement on Google Search
         | via AdWords, plus a growing number of consumer portals for
         | price comparisons etc. integrated with Google Search (leaving
         | out tracking your activity on Android devices, Google's cloud
         | business, and Books/scholar). The immediate antitrust
         | perspective starts by looking at Alphabet/Google subsidiaries
         | both providing search results and ads on the pages listed in
         | search results (and to a lesser degree even by pushing Google
         | services via Google Search). This is what had ruined the web in
         | more than one way.
        
           | mvdtnz wrote:
           | google.com is a search engine, regardless of what drives
           | Google's revenue. Weird to say it's not.
        
             | patmorgan23 wrote:
             | It's an advertising billboard that if you scroll past might
             | have some relevant links at the bottom of the page.
        
               | mvdtnz wrote:
               | Well no, it's a search engine.
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | But Google the company is an advertising company,
             | regardless of what they use to spread those adverts. Weird
             | to say it's not.
        
               | mvdtnz wrote:
               | It's very clear GP was talking about Google the search
               | engine (as in, google.com) in their post.
               | 
               | > I get why 90% of people use google. I'm no google fan,
               | but it still baffles me how bad the alternatives still
               | are.
        
         | mm263 wrote:
         | > it still baffles me how bad the alternatives still are
         | 
         | Kagi
        
           | arghwhat wrote:
           | After having been a paid subscriber for a number of months, I
           | have to say that it still wasn't cutting it. I still ended up
           | falling back to google all the time.
           | 
           | Plus, https://d-shoot.net/kagi.html
        
             | kachapopopow wrote:
             | Interesting read.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | What bugs me most about Kagi at the moment is that their
             | iOS plugin behaves weirdly. Frequently it will completely
             | swallow my search and I'll have to retype it. Eventually I
             | just disabled it :(
             | 
             | Arguably this is not their fault - I really wish iOS/MacOS
             | Safari let you set a custom search engine instead of
             | picking from a fixed list.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | On iOS I just set my default browser to Orion with Kagi
               | as a default search engine. There's some minor UI bugs
               | but they're not showstoppers.
        
             | chiaroscuro1312 wrote:
             | thanks for this link
        
             | hiatus wrote:
             | Wow, those comments from the founder on GDPR are not unlike
             | "we just chatgpted the license lol". I'm reconsidering my
             | sub.
        
               | atrus wrote:
               | Yeah the sentence "We do not collect/extract this
               | information, but the user volunteers it" is just...200%
               | yikes.
        
             | araes wrote:
             | One part I can add, having tried Ecosia [1] is it at least
             | made me consider question like:
             | 
             | "Are they actually planting these trees?" and "How would I
             | possibly verify?"
             | 
             | "Does Microsoft actually pay them? All I'm doing is
             | clicking? Is that worth enough?"
             | 
             | "How does anybody verify, and how is it not just an
             | optimization for Ecosia to farm clicks for money?
             | Chinese/Indian/Bangladeshi/Nigerian/MechTurk click farms
             | don't cost that much. Seen the prices on MechTurk?"
             | 
             | [1] https://www.ecosia.org/
        
               | AlienRobot wrote:
               | They have all that information in their website.
               | 
               | The only earn money if people click ads, just like any
               | other search engine. Microsoft isn't paying them to show
               | them Bing results.
        
             | Kuinox wrote:
             | > I still ended up falling back to google all the time.
             | 
             | It uses google search behind the scenes. Among other search
             | providers.
        
             | KoolKat23 wrote:
             | I can understand your point.
             | 
             | The links points however are a bit ridiculous, they're
             | entitled to their opinion but may be surprised to find
             | people, at the businesses they use, have opinions that
             | differ to theirs, and these businesses aren't always well-
             | oiled machines.
        
         | ta1243 wrote:
         | The goal of almost all search engines is to direct people to
         | adverts, not to give them the results.
         | 
         | Even when you do get the results your after, and get sent to
         | the page you want, the goal of that page is to serve you
         | adverts, not to give you the content you want.
        
         | miohtama wrote:
         | Alternatives are bad because they do not have 24 years of data
         | how users use the search. They will also never get this data if
         | Google keeps dominating.
        
         | JasserInicide wrote:
         | Unironically Yandex, especially if you're searching for
         | politically sensitive stuff. It is _wild_ how much Google
         | censors.
        
       | ein0p wrote:
       | Idk how you could split it up other than right down the middle,
       | creating 2 of each unit. 2 search engines, 2 browsers, 2 ad
       | exchanges, 2 clouds and so on. Anything else is not going to be
       | viable. Though maybe that's the real goal.
        
       | bfrog wrote:
       | Imagine an ad company locking up talent for decades. Zzzzzzzz
        
       | gerash wrote:
       | What an incompetent government where the goal is to pad some DoJ
       | lawyer's resume instead of benefiting consumers or the economy
        
         | Clubber wrote:
         | The US government has been working solely for their donors for
         | the last 40+ years. Any benefit the voters get from lawmaking
         | is coincidental.
        
           | esbranson wrote:
           | That thought may be comforting, but no.
           | 
           | Don't mistake the limited-purpose US Government for your
           | state government. Colorado does quite a bit, from healthcare
           | to environment to policing. And so does the US, for those
           | subjects it has jurisdiction, and has been doing so for
           | hundreds of years.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | >>The US government has been working solely for their
             | donors for the last 40+ years. Any benefit the voters get
             | from lawmaking is coincidental.
             | 
             | >That thought may be comforting, but no.
             | 
             | Why would that be comforting?
        
       | strongpigeon wrote:
       | Something I really don't get is the part about Google's monopoly
       | in search text ads. FTA:
       | 
       | > Finally, the filing said Google's dominance over search text
       | ads needed to be addressed by lowering barriers to would-be
       | rivals or licensing its ad feed to others, independently from
       | search results.
       | 
       | What Google has is a monopoly on _search_ (which is bad), but I
       | don 't think having a monopoly for advertising on your own
       | property is a bad thing. If anything, from a privacy perspective,
       | I'd rather that only one party (the publisher, in this case
       | Google) gets to see my searches, rather than the publisher and an
       | ecosystem of low-scrupules ad platforms.
       | 
       | For sure I might be biased as I used to work on Google Ads, but I
       | also know quite a bit about how the sausage is made and how the
       | industry is. That being said, I really don't see how "licensing
       | the ad feed" would do any good for end users.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | >low scrupules ad platforms
         | 
         | In this case, the search provider is the low scruples ad
         | platform. Bing as well.
        
         | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
         | > What Google has is a monopoly on search (which is bad), but I
         | don't think having a monopoly for advertising on your own
         | property is a bad thing.
         | 
         | Where one might run afoul is using your monopoly in one market
         | -- search, in Google's case -- to gain an advantage in another
         | market -- advertising. It's kinda interesting because they
         | clearly don't treat "search" as a market given they don't sell
         | it to anyone but it also clearly has value, otherwise people
         | wouldn't use it.
         | 
         | Now I wonder if it is without precedent that the supposedly-
         | monopolistic thing they're using as a carrot for their
         | advantage in a different market doesn't actually generate
         | revenue itself; not sure if that context has ever been tried in
         | court.
        
           | strongpigeon wrote:
           | The argument that I see that could be made (which is
           | different from what the judge said here) is that Google used
           | their monopoly in search to gain an unfair advantage in
           | _Network Ads_. I could totally see forcing Google to spin-off
           | their external ad network, but at the same time, these ads
           | sucks and are getting worse CPM wise.
           | 
           | There is another ongoing case regarding Google's Ad business
           | (concerning Display Ads and more specifically the ad
           | auctions) which seems pretty strong. But again, it's not
           | about preventing Google from owning the ad platform for their
           | own properties.
           | 
           | Preventing companies from owning the advertising platform for
           | their own properties is a pretty terrible idea (got an idea
           | for a new ad format that no network supports? Tough luck!).
           | But, preventing a player with a monopoly in one sector from
           | having an ad platform for other players, that's sensible.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | DeepMind wouldn't have happened to the level it did had google
       | been broken up prior.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | What might deep mind have looked like today if it were given
         | the same resources in an academic or national lab setting and
         | no ultimate profit motive?
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | Sans access to the worlds top supercomputer infra.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | Used to be the worlds top supercomputer infra was in
             | national labs or such places and not private companies.
             | Some of the largest are still there. In my hypothetical
             | that would be the case "assuming same resources."
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | Governments can not compete on infra with trillion dollar
               | computer companies.
        
         | giobox wrote:
         | There was no shortage of other deep-pocketed suitors trying to
         | buy DeepMind too during the Google acquisition back in 2014 - I
         | think DeepMind would have likely found a reasonable home
         | regardless.
        
           | creato wrote:
           | Are those other deep-pocketed suitors not under antitrust
           | scrutiny themselves at the moment? Maybe they would be first
           | in the firing line of the DoJ if they had bought DeepMind
           | instead?
        
           | Jyaif wrote:
           | Among the big tech companies, only Google cared about AI at
           | the time.
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | I just bring this up as a reminder that the government did
           | kill Bell Labs by breaking up a trust. There are pros and
           | cons to every corporation system.
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | If they did this 15 year ago, I bet google reader would still be
       | actively maintained today. More innovation is possible when there
       | are smaller companies working on fewer things. Yes there are
       | economies of scale with large entities, but you then run up
       | against the economy of shareholder attention if your little
       | effort within the larger organization is not the current golden
       | child of the day. When you work at a smaller company, that little
       | effort is the entire company's product. It has to work and get
       | better to succeed. It can't be forgotten about and left to
       | languish like so many potentially great products and technologies
       | that are chained to some large org today.
        
         | aiauthoritydev wrote:
         | Google engineer's time was not worth Google reader. If you
         | think it was a useful product you could have created it
         | yourself for profit.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | Highly useful software is not always profitable. Limiting our
           | species to developing technologies that are profitable rather
           | than merely useful is a severe blow to our path of
           | innovation.
        
             | KerryJones wrote:
             | Why wouldn't people pay for something highly useful? It
             | seems the opposite, that people would pay for things that
             | are highly useful. People don't pay for things that are
             | marginally useful.
        
               | hightrix wrote:
               | > Why wouldn't people pay for something highly useful?
               | 
               | Typically because they can easily get it for free.
               | Perfect case study is WinRar. How many people actually
               | bought a license for software they used daily?
        
               | ghodith wrote:
               | So then don't make it free?
        
               | KerryJones wrote:
               | I think you're missing a case here -- if they remove it,
               | and they can get along without it without much trouble,
               | I'd argue it isn't highly useful. Just because it has
               | frequent use doesn't mean it's highly useful.
        
           | musictubes wrote:
           | There are a variety of people that did just that. It's
           | frustrating to keep seeing the sentiment, on HN of all
           | places, that Google Reader is what is needed for RSS
           | services. RSS readers are a niche business and clearly not
           | worth Google's opportunity cost of maintaining. I have used
           | NewsBlur as my RSS aggregator since Reader shut down. Pretty
           | sure it is a one man operation.
        
       | Madiyan wrote:
       | 85907 54751
        
       | 1penny42cents wrote:
       | crazy double whammy:
       | 
       | 1. US gov trying to break up your search monopoly
       | 
       | 2. ChatGPT disrupting your search monopoly
        
       | relistan wrote:
       | Hilarious to see all the people lamenting the break-up of AT&T.
       | That break-up sparked the long distance phone race, which became
       | the driving force for the massive laying of fiber optics... which
       | enabled the Internet boom of the 1990s.
        
         | CSMastermind wrote:
         | My understanding was that most of the internet infrastructure
         | was laid by Bell before their break-up because they projected
         | video calling being a huge use case in the future.
        
           | floxy wrote:
           | 1982 seem a bit early for the massive fiber rollout. My
           | recollection was that Sprint was the driving factor for
           | laying fiber, since they had the railroad right-of-ways. But
           | that was quite a while back. Maybe there was also another
           | dark-horse company laying fiber along railroads, but not
           | operating as a phone company? Something not quite at the tip
           | of my tongue. Seems like someone could have written a good
           | history book about internet infrastructure, especially the
           | mid-to-late 90s. Anyone have suggestions?
        
             | inheritedwisdom wrote:
             | I'd read that...I'd love to hear an Acquired podcast on the
             | path of Long Distance Discount Services -> WorldCom -> MCI
             | -> Verizon. They laid down a lot of fiber.
        
             | relistan wrote:
             | Sprint is the de-acronymized name for SPRINT: Southern
             | Pacific Railroad Internal Networking Telephony
             | 
             | They started doing public long distance on their own
             | (railroad) network in the 1970s. They were restrained (and
             | frequently sued by) AT&T. The breakup opened the
             | floodgates. They were sold like a half dozen times in the
             | 80s.
             | 
             | But, MCI was AFAIK the largest early fiber pioneer.
        
             | CSMastermind wrote:
             | The place that I heard about Bell Labs was: The Idea
             | Factory: Bell Labs and the Great Age of American Innovation
             | by Jon Gertner
             | 
             | I did a search for books about building the internet
             | infrastructure and it turned up some other recommendations
             | but I haven't read them so can't vouch for quality or
             | content:
             | 
             | Network Geeks: How They Built the Internet by Brian E
             | Carpenter
             | 
             | The Master Switch: The Rise and Fall of Information Empires
             | by Tim Wu
             | 
             | Tubes: A Journey to the Center of the Internet by Andrew
             | Blum
             | 
             | How the Internet Happened: From Netscape to the iPhone by
             | Brian McCullough
             | 
             | Maybe someone else here has read them and can comment.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | AT&T had also been granted a long-term monopoly on long-
         | distance telephony by the federal government; Google has never
         | had such protection.
        
           | relistan wrote:
           | A monopoly is a monopoly no matter how it got that way.
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | Breaking up AT&T was unquestionably the right call. (So to
         | say.)
         | 
         | Long distance was expensive for quite a while even after the
         | break-up. If you called up an out-of-state friend or relative
         | to catch up, you expected the call to cost you at least a few
         | bucks. (And you hoped they would be the ones to call you next
         | time.) Even into the 90's, long distance at $0.10/minute was
         | considered cheap. And in most rural areas, everywhere past a
         | mile or so out of town was long distance.
         | 
         | I remember buying long-distance calling cards to bring our
         | phone costs down. For about 5 years, it was cheaper to just get
         | a local-only phone line and then buy your long-distance as
         | phone cards. Each card came with a certain number of minutes
         | pre-loaded. You'd dial the 1-800 number on the back, scratch
         | off your PIN, enter it, and then you'd dial your destination
         | number. Other than the hassle of buying and using the card, the
         | major downside was that your own number didn't (usually) show
         | up on the caller ID.
         | 
         | They were also good if you stayed in hotels a lot, since hotels
         | would charge upward of usurious amounts for both local and
         | long-distance calls but they would typically allow toll-free
         | calls to go through without charge.
        
           | someluccc wrote:
           | This illustrates why breaking up google is a good idea given
           | their egregious charges (free) for things people used
           | to/still spend money on, such as:
           | 
           | - An office software suite
           | 
           | - Global maps and GPS, City Guides
           | 
           | - Video entertainment
           | 
           | - Mobile and Desktop OS
           | 
           | - Web Browsers
           | 
           | Also, pay no mind to their competitors in all of those
           | markets AND in their core business of search, being feeble
           | multi-trillion and multi-billion global corporations
        
             | zuminator wrote:
             | Those things aren't free, they're supported by ad revenue
             | and the sale of personal or aggregated user information.
             | I'm not saying there isn't a place for that type of
             | software, but imo it's wrong and somewhat dangerous to
             | equate that with things that are actually free. And even
             | so, to the extent that any of Google's software is actually
             | free, it's mostly a loss leader for the sake of vendor
             | lock-in, which is intrinsically anticompetitive.
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | A) Do you pay them? - No: then yes it is free
               | 
               | "But my data" Have your ever sold your data? Would the
               | value you could ever possibly receive for your data ever
               | equate to the value you get from the free services?
               | 
               | Likely No and No.
               | 
               | Is the free ad supported city newspaper free? Yes it is
               | in fact free, just like FM radio is free, and broadcast
               | television is free, and sidewalks next to billboards are
               | free
               | 
               | Someone creating something appealing and giving it away
               | for free in order to make up for it through ads in front
               | of eyeballs does not in any way mean that the free thing
               | isn't free
        
               | nomat wrote:
               | if you aren't considering the fact that your data is what
               | enabled these companies to become such massive giants in
               | the first place, you may be living outside of the EU.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | > A) Do you pay them? - No: then yes it is free
               | 
               | And here we see the ostrich. When faced with the horrors
               | of reality, sticks its head in the sand. It's simpler in
               | there.
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | Your data is worthless. Please do tell me how much you
               | could sell your "data" for right now.
        
               | dartos wrote:
               | My data, sure, but the data of my entire
               | age/racial/economic group is worth a lot to marketing
               | firms. There's a ton of that information in emails.
               | 
               | That's literally google's business model.
               | 
               | You think Gmail is free bc Google is nice?
               | 
               | Come on...
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | So in this transaction you're exchanging something that
               | is individually worthless for something that is
               | individually valuable.
               | 
               | Which is a bad thing and should stop. Right now!
               | 
               | Ps: it's also not like you're paying so little that you
               | could say you're getting it for...... free
        
               | diggernet wrote:
               | It's not worthless to companies who want to use it
               | against me.
               | 
               | I don't want to sell my data. I want companies to stop
               | collecting it.
               | 
               | In fact, I don't think I've seen anyone here wishing they
               | could sell their data.
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | If I build a movie theater and give away the tickets
               | knowing that I can make money on ads before a movie that
               | does not mean that 5 minutes of your eyesight is now
               | worth something
        
               | nosianu wrote:
               | > _that does not mean that 5 minutes of your eyesight is
               | now worth something_
               | 
               | The advertisers paying to get their ads placed in front
               | of those eyes disagree.
               | 
               | And ye, since another comment questions this, data or
               | "eye-time are similar - they can be broken down to the
               | individual.
               | 
               | The advertisers pay some price expecting a certain number
               | of people to see the ad, and even if data about people is
               | sold in bulk (too) there is a price per individual. It's
               | a simple division to see the price they pay per person to
               | view that cinema ad, or for one person's data, even if
               | they always purchase those in bulk.
               | 
               | After all, they get to the bulk price by multiplying how
               | much they are willing to pay for one individual with the
               | expected (or in the case of data packages known) number
               | of individuals.
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | You can literally use Chrome, Workspace, Drive, Android
               | and Maps without seeing a single ad, without an ad
               | blocker, without EVER using google search, for free.
        
               | hyggetrold wrote:
               | Movie theater is an interesting analogy because they make
               | zero money on ticket sales. Usually ticket revenue pays
               | for the cost of the movie (theaters pay the studio for
               | the movie). The way the theaters make money is on
               | concessions, hence why they're crazy expensive.
        
               | braabe wrote:
               | All of these examples are probably in part or fully paid
               | for with some sort of taxes. So it is less "no payments"
               | and more "deferred payments".
               | 
               | I would argue that the question of "Is it free?" should
               | not be restricted to monetary payments. If I offer you
               | dinner for an hour of yardwork - are you receiving the
               | food for free? If I would offer you that same dinner in
               | exchange for letting me watch you use your computer for a
               | while, is it free?
               | 
               | I think ads do incur a cost on you: In usability of a
               | service, in your attention span / desensitization and
               | your ability to focus, in the money you would not have
               | spent were it not for ads.
               | 
               | Googles services are free in the sense, that you don't
               | spend cold hard cash on them, but I would still argue,
               | that you pay for them. That 2 Trillion Dollar valuation
               | has to come from somewhere... :(
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | #1. Would I have used the computer at the same
               | time/place/duration? Then yes it is free. It literally
               | cost me nothing.
               | 
               | #2. You can pay? Also is the argument somehow that the
               | free thing isn't free because the ad in it makes the UX
               | worse?
               | 
               | Also curious to know how many ads exactly do you get
               | while using google workspace? drive? android? maps?
               | 
               | Finally: You can literally use Chrome, Workspace, Drive,
               | Android and Maps without seeing a single ad, without an
               | ad blocker, without EVER using google search, for free.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | Sorry to repeat the "if you're not paying, you're the
             | product, not the consumer" adage, but I think that's
             | critically important when evaluating Google. These things
             | aren't free, they're paid for by billions in advertising,
             | and it's not like Google was the first to figure out this
             | business model - radio and TV was "free" in the same manner
             | for decades prior.
             | 
             | I honestly would _love_ it we would ditch surveillance
             | capitalism and went back to a simpler option of paying for
             | products and services. I think that essentially all of the
             | complaints you here about Google (their lack of any
             | responsiveness /customer support, their constant spying on
             | users, the constant "Google graveyard" of discontinued
             | products, their current corporate ossification, etc.) can
             | be directly linked to the fact that users don't pay for
             | their products.
        
               | someluccc wrote:
               | Like I said in my comment. All of those things are things
               | you can PAY FOR, today! To multi-trillion dollar
               | corporations! The time you can go back to giving away
               | your money for things google gives away for free is...
               | now!
               | 
               | Excellent criticism too that the evil monopolist that
               | devilishly gives away extremely useful and value-add
               | products and services in order to expand its evil
               | monopoly is also famously criticized by the victims of
               | those free data-mining products for sometimes
               | discontinuing them without giving them proper notice!
               | Surely Google can't just stop mistreating them without
               | adequate prior notice!
        
             | dmonitor wrote:
             | My concern is that breaking up Google without breaking up
             | Microsoft will basically just be giving MS a huge advantage
             | in the multitude of categories in which they compete with
             | each other, so we'll be left in an even worse situation
             | than before.
        
         | tightbookkeeper wrote:
         | That's a complicated chain of cause and effect to claim so
         | casually.
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | My primary interest is how Alphabet will attempt to implement
       | this. In particular, if they break up Search and Ads, or really
       | any major product in google3/borg, Alphabet will have a massive
       | pile of work splitting those up in a way that allows the
       | resulting groups to achieve the same level of horizontal and
       | vertical integration that they currently enjoy.
       | 
       | Personally I am skeptical that they have enough technically
       | capable and charismatic leaders to pull this off.
        
         | adamc wrote:
         | Not sure that would be a bad thing.
        
       | eagerpace wrote:
       | Anywhere there are eyeballs, there will be ads. And wherever
       | there are ads there are privacy concerns.
       | 
       | Netflix waited until they had sufficiently killed off cable TV,
       | then went back to creating the same problem it fixed. No ads in
       | ChatGPT today, but soon as it (or a competitor) gains meaningful
       | marketshare, there will be ads.
        
         | tensor wrote:
         | What I'd love to see is regulation forcing companies to provide
         | reasonably priced ad-free options. There should be a right to
         | opt out of ads.
        
           | yeevs wrote:
           | I'd argue almost every platform with ads do have this option.
           | You just may disagree about what's reasonably priced.
        
             | waveBidder wrote:
             | Facebook immediately comes to mind. Does google even have
             | an ad-free version? Youtube nominally does (though that
             | doesn't stop channels from running their own).
        
               | tensor wrote:
               | YouTube and Gmail do. I have both ad free. Google search
               | does not. Facebook only did in Europe afaik, but I'd
               | argue it's not priced fairly. I don't use most of meta,
               | but would love an ad free instagram. But even if I were
               | in Europe, the price is 20 a month. If I used other meta
               | products that might be fine as a bundle, but is absurdly
               | high for just instagram.
               | 
               | Most newspapers require payment but have no ad free
               | option either.
        
           | tick_tock_tick wrote:
           | I mean Youtube does people just don't pay for it....
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Youtube videos still come with adverts, just not the google
             | ones.
        
           | mulmen wrote:
           | Competition should solve this. The government's role is to
           | cultivate competitive markets, not to get bogged down in
           | implementation details.
        
         | ryandrake wrote:
         | > And wherever there are ads there are privacy concerns.
         | 
         | Not necessarily true. Physical billboards are ads but (mostly)
         | without privacy concerns, until they start putting cameras on
         | them watching who walks by and looks.
        
           | feelandcoffee wrote:
           | I miss old contextual advertising. Like you read a sports
           | website, you see ads for matches, sports gear, etc, all based
           | on the content not the user preferences.
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | That's just a lesson that capitalism is insatiable. Early
             | on, Google didn't have personalized ads and they were
             | _still_ making money hand over fist just because search
             | queries are an excellent signal into stuff you may want to
             | buy. But in  "line must always go up" fashion, there is
             | even more money to be squeezed out if they surveille
             | everything you do to personalize ads. Same thing happened
             | with Facebook. They had a ton of data about what ads to
             | show you solely based on your interactions on Facebook's
             | (now also Instagram's) site and apps, but they could make
             | even more money if they tracked you everywhere online in
             | order to increase their ad click-through rates.
        
               | ta1243 wrote:
               | The adverts were better too. When I'm seaching for
               | "vacuum cleaner reviews", there are adverts for vacuum
               | cleaners.
               | 
               | After I make my decision and buy one (online, or in
               | person), I no longer search for "vacuum cleaner reviews",
               | but I search instead for "skiing in January" and I no
               | longer get adverts for vacuum cleaners, I get it for ski
               | resorts.
        
               | nox101 wrote:
               | That's not how it works. Rather, Google realizes someone
               | else would take over their business if they didn't make
               | their product better. If Google stuck to no data and
               | XYZSearch used data, then XYZSearch would provide a
               | better product and Google would go out of business. It
               | doesn't take greed, the "could make even more money"
               | part, to have an incentive to do better. All it takes is
               | a desire not to go out of business.
        
         | sumtechguy wrote:
         | I remember buying cable tv because it had 'no ads'.
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | > Anywhere there are eyeballs, there will be ads.
         | 
         | I'm not convinced.
         | 
         | Not running ads is what you do when you care about user
         | experience. If you start running ads it's because you care more
         | about money than user experience.
         | 
         | As long as there is robust competition the consumer's
         | preferences will be favored, because success comes at their
         | discretion.
         | 
         | So I think it's more like "wherever the consumer isn't the
         | customer there will be ads".
        
           | nox101 wrote:
           | Company A has no ads because they care about user experience
           | 
           | Company B has ads. Company B makes more money and can
           | therefore provide more features / more content. Company B
           | ends up providing more of what users want.
        
       | gaiagraphia wrote:
       | The free market's great IF there's competition. If the market's
       | dead, it's time to reinject some life and keep the cogs turning.
       | 
       | Scale's great, but it often comes with a societal cost. For every
       | efficiency made, there's less agency and decent jobs to go round.
       | 
       | Seems unfair to make such decisions ad-hoc though, and string it
       | out through years of court cases and m/billions of lawyer fees.
       | 
       | Why not establish rules of the market where once a company gets
       | x% market share, the company 'wins', the CEO gets the ability to
       | run for high office, the nation thanks shareholders and gives
       | them a big payoff for supporting innovation, and those 1 run down
       | the food chain get to spin off their own companies and go for
       | gold.
       | 
       | Life and death is a part of everything sustainable in life. We
       | should embrace these cycles and utilise them, not let old hat
       | stagnation strangle and squeeze all what's good from life.
        
         | 4star3star wrote:
         | It would become a game to NOT capture x% market share to the
         | degree that it suited interested parties to avoid it.
        
           | gmueckl wrote:
           | That would have interesting implications. Companies would
           | have to grow by aggressive diversification into other
           | markets. Instead of a Google or Appple that controls your
           | digital life, you'd have an endgame with a few ACMEs that
           | attempt to lock you in in every aspect of your life: Your
           | pots would work best with a stove from the same company. Your
           | washing machine and detergent only do a good on a specific
           | brand of clothes etc. A completely different kind of market
           | regulation would be required.
        
           | grumpy_coder wrote:
           | That game already exists. Intel and Amd had an odd
           | relationship for years when Intel needed Amd so they could
           | claim that competition existed. Cross licensing instruction
           | sets and the like.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | What happens to the company when it wins in your scenario. Did
         | you leave that out or did I miss something?
        
         | randomdata wrote:
         | _> The free market 's great IF there's competition._
         | 
         | If you have a free market finding competition isn't an issue,
         | but maintaining profitability is. If we had a free market when
         | Google came onto the scene, everyone else would have copied
         | PageRank the next day, and then you'd have hundreds of search
         | engines all as good as each other, each sharping their pencils
         | sharper and sharper in an attempt to win customers over on a
         | price basis until there is nothing left. At which point there
         | is nothing left to further innovation.
         | 
         | To combat that, we grant short-term monopolies over technology
         | to allow their inventors time to build up a decent business
         | before opening the flood gates, with the intent to balance what
         | makes mixed-market economies great without ending up with no
         | competition. The problem is that those monopoly procedures were
         | established when time moved slowly. Back then, 20 years was
         | barely enough time to get your product to and recognized in the
         | market. These days, you can get there in a few years, or even
         | less, which leaves nearly 20 more years to focus on killing all
         | the competition.
         | 
         | Ultimately, we would have been better off if Google was pushed
         | out into a free market after a few years. We benefitted from it
         | having some head start, but it went on much too long.
        
         | svara wrote:
         | Sort of playing devil's advocate here, but well run companies
         | with near monopolies have on many occasions provided massive
         | benefits that would not have been possible at smaller scale.
         | 
         | Think of Bell Labs.
         | 
         | Google has a number of Bell Labs style projects ongoing that
         | massively benefit scientific research. Transformers, AlphaFold,
         | etc.
         | 
         | It's hard to see how a smaller, more focused company would be
         | able to justify that type of R&D.
         | 
         | That said, I do see an issue where some of the smartest people
         | get sucked up by big tech. Instead of working on fundamental
         | advances in image processing they end up working on beauty
         | filters for Instagram. That can't be right.
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | Why can't that be right?
           | 
           | I see the sentiment a lot, but it strikes me as reality
           | denialism. People are willing to pay for one thing but not
           | the other.
        
             | svara wrote:
             | Exactly, it's "just" the market setting the price.
             | 
             | The issue is that these are near monopolies, so the market
             | isn't efficient.
             | 
             | In other words, if those companies didn't have monopoly
             | power, other businesses (or non-commercial entities) might
             | be able to afford to hire some of these people as well,
             | which might be beneficial overall for innovation.
             | 
             | That's the economic argument and it's pretty clean imo.
             | 
             | But as far as I'm concerned personally, I would really
             | prefer to live in a world in which smart people work on
             | human flourishing... rather than whatever that is.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I think that's exactly the point I was getting it. Who
               | decides what efficient is, and what do they measure. You
               | might care about vision algorithms, and I might care
               | about hamburgers.
               | 
               | From the economics perspective, something being Monopoly
               | doesn't mean it's inefficient.
               | 
               | Depending on the situation, they can be far more
               | efficient then diverse companies, or much less
        
               | LunaSea wrote:
               | The market is shit at making long term risky bets that
               | require a lot of R&D.
               | 
               | That's the reason why quantum computing and projects of
               | this type would not exist if you didn't have behemoth
               | companies with extra cash lying around.
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | Capital markets don't perfectly account for all positive
             | and negative externalities in the world, not even close.
             | For example think of a company that invents a miracle drug
             | that only costs $1 to produce. The net benefit to humanity
             | would be to open up production and sell it to everyone who
             | needs it for a few bucks, but of course the company will do
             | everything it can to maintain a monopoly and sell the drug
             | for $X0000/dose, even if relatively few people can obtain
             | it. Lawyers and lobbyists will get paid a lot of money to
             | get the second outcome, even though they're producing
             | negative value overall.
        
           | maccard wrote:
           | > That said, I do see an issue where some of the smartest
           | people get sucked up by big tech. Instead of working on
           | fundamental advances in image processing they end up working
           | on beauty filters for Instagram. That can't be right.
           | 
           | Can't you say the same thing if you go back 80 years and talk
           | about the smartest minds in the world instead of working on
           | energy for the masses they're working on the atomic bomb?
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | > It's hard to see how a smaller, more focused company would
           | be able to justify that type of R&D.
           | 
           | Typically that's solved with R&D happening in academia or
           | semi-public space.
           | 
           | How much this happens depends on the opportunities to do it
           | in private companies, so entities like Google paying big
           | salaries for R&D probably means we don't see what
           | alternatives they would be if they stopped doing so.
        
             | 0xB31B1B wrote:
             | so who are the academics raising 1b+ dollars to build and
             | operate GPU farms to work on the frontiers of transformer
             | models?
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | I'd raise you the same question on which private company
               | is spawning its own LHC to research fundamental physics.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | > Scale's great
         | 
         | Is it? As consumers you may be noticing the impact now but as a
         | developer I've felt the impact of Google's "scale" for years
         | and it has not been pleasant.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | I think you're partly describing nationalisation of a business
         | when it becomes so big it can't be left alone and needs to be
         | readjusted to help the market.
         | 
         | It's bought by the gov ("payout to the shareholders"),
         | regulations are enacted to delimit what it can and can't do,
         | and the whole thing is setup to make sure it's for the benefit
         | of the larger public, with additional consideration on how to
         | reintroduce competition on part of its mandate.
         | 
         | We' ve seen it with postal services and telecom, and if the
         | whole thing becomes outdated it can spun out as a private
         | entity again.
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | Facebook, Google, Apple, Amazon -- the US could easily break all
       | of these up. There's a huge risk to stagnation and over-
       | optimization once these companies get as big as they do.
        
         | christhecaribou wrote:
         | They should. It's good for the public trust, competition, and
         | innovation. I'd even go so far as to argue it's good for the
         | shareholders.
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | I'm curious as to why you included Apple. All of the other
         | companies bought up a bunch of potential competitors so they
         | wouldn't get outcompeted, e.g:
         | 
         | Facebook: Instagram, WhatsApp, Oculus
         | 
         | Google: DoubleClick, YouTube, Android, Waze, Deep mind
         | 
         | Amazon: Whole Foods, Audible, Zappos, Ring, One Medical
         | 
         | Arguably, I think things would be better if a bunch of these
         | acquisitions were never allowed in the first place. But most of
         | Apple's acquisitions have been of the "acquihire" type where
         | they got specific technologies to enhance their products -
         | Beats is the only one I can think of off the top of my head
         | that has basically remained separate.
         | 
         | I'm not saying acquisitions are the only benchmark for breaking
         | up big tech, but to me it feels like the places where Apple is
         | anti-competitive (e.g. App Store) can be remedied with much
         | smaller changes than a full break up. With the other 3 it seems
         | easier to identify places to "cleave".
        
       | stego-tech wrote:
       | Loving the discourse in the comments here. Speaking as someone
       | who grew up alongside Google in a sense, I fall on the side of
       | the "break it up" camp. It was novel at the time to have a single
       | company so nicely provide us with everything digitally that we
       | could need - G Suite, YouTube, Search, Maps, Advertising, Books,
       | Reader, etc - but in hindsight, we gave too much power to too
       | unaccountable an entity, who in turn used it to choke off any
       | avenues to challenge its dominance.
       | 
       | As for the rebuttal of "bUt ThE gDp", there's a counter-argument
       | to be made that the GDP would have grown just as much with a
       | higher diversity and stringent M&A regulations by spurring on new
       | businesses and concepts, as opposed to mainstreaming fad after
       | fad that seemingly solely benefits the established players.
       | There's another argument to be made equating GDP values to
       | desirable targets creates a Goodhart's Law problem, thereby
       | making GDP as a measure of growth or success a bad metric; the
       | rise of income and wealth inequality these past few decades, when
       | there was increased focus on GDP as a target of growth or
       | success, could be viewed as evidence supporting said argument.
       | 
       | It's worth noting that this case against Google is likely to be
       | the bellwether for future divestments and breakups. Whatever
       | comes next will be an invaluable learning experience for both
       | sides, just like AT&T and Microsoft's own anti-trust woes were
       | learning experiences for the current crop of companies.
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | If I am worried about anybody holding my private data (apart
         | from US' 3-letter agencies and thats a hill I am not going to
         | die upon since I don't have same basic human rights as US
         | citizens), its Meta.
         | 
         | Sure Google is everywhere, but Meta holds much more data on our
         | inner personal sides, which are the easiest things to actually
         | abuse to no end. That and pornhub.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | Are you sure? Google has a search and location data, Google
           | email is on one side if not both of most email chains,
           | receipts, etc.
           | 
           | I don't use meta for much. Google on the otherhand takes some
           | pretty dedicated behavior to avoid.
        
             | baby_souffle wrote:
             | > Are you sure? Google has a search and location data,
             | Google email is on one side if not both of most email
             | chains, receipts, etc.
             | 
             | Absolutely not discounting all of that; there are some
             | pretty strong parallels between the data you can infer on a
             | person based on their gmail graph versus their fb messenger
             | graph, for example.
             | 
             | Meta has a lot more "self-revealed-preference" data,
             | though. Which of $thesePosts did you engage with? Does this
             | pattern continue if we mix in $someOtherVariable? How long
             | did you dwell on that one post before like/dis-like? Are
             | you more likely to come back and spend time here if we tell
             | you that $thisPerson has commented on your post instead of
             | $thisOtherPerson? ... etc.
             | 
             | I think only YouTube serves as a plausible source of dwell
             | time in the "at what part of $thisVideo did you click the
             | like button" sense. If you don't use YouTube or use it
             | signed out then it's (slightly) harder for google to
             | attribute your actions to you. Facebook doesn't really have
             | _anything_ that can be accessed without logging in.
        
               | duskwuff wrote:
               | Between Google Search, AdSense, Google Analytics, Google
               | Tag Manager, and various other APIs, Google has all the
               | pieces in place to get a pretty good overview of what
               | users are doing online. (And that's not even considering
               | that the user's likely to be logged into a Google browser
               | that's uploading their browsing history wholesale.)
               | 
               | Legally speaking, Google's not _supposed_ to be
               | correlating most of this data. But, as we know well, that
               | doesn 't mean they aren't doing it.
        
           | wonderwonder wrote:
           | Google actually tracks associates everywhere you visit in
           | incognito mode in chrome and associates it with your main
           | user id. So whatever pornhub knows, so does google.
        
             | mupuff1234 wrote:
             | I believe they stopped doing that
             | 
             | https://www.npr.org/2024/04/01/1242019127/google-
             | incognito-m...
        
             | Manuel_D wrote:
             | I do not believe that was ever the case. They track
             | searches, sure, but it is not associated with your user id.
             | The way they treat incognito browsers is just like a
             | freshly installed firefox browser that's never been logged
             | into a google account. They're logged as anonymous
             | searches.
        
         | hightrix wrote:
         | > nicely provide us with everything digitally that we could
         | need... Advertising
         | 
         | Sorry for the snark, but no one anywhere _needs_ advertising.
         | Advertising in it 's current form is a plague on humanity.
        
           | loumaciel wrote:
           | Tons of small businesses rely on advertising. Tons of legit
           | businesses only exist because online advertising became easy
           | and widespread.
        
             | hightrix wrote:
             | I fully understand that advertising enables many
             | businesses.
             | 
             | But there have been businesses based on lead pipes for
             | drinking water plumbing, asbestos for residential
             | insulation, and so on. You could make an argument that
             | these technologies enabled many businesses as well. That
             | doesn't mean we should allow lead pipes for drinking water
             | or to use asbestos in residential homes.
        
               | loumaciel wrote:
               | Online advertising has leveled the playing field,
               | allowing smaller brands to compete with big names.
               | Platforms like Google make it easy to capture attention,
               | which is why even giants like Nike are losing market
               | share to newer players. This shift spans all non-
               | regulated industries. Without online ads, launching a
               | nationwide brand would require enormous budgets, leaving
               | us stuck with the same old monopolies.
        
               | nomat wrote:
               | > allowing smaller brands to compete
               | 
               | to name a few: LISEN, Qifutan, Loncaster, YKYI, Holikme
               | and SXhyf. And who could forget VWMYQ?
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | How has it leveled the playing field? It's now become an
               | arms race of bidding for the top ad spot, even for your
               | own brand name. The big players can out spend the little
               | guy and even be top ranking on searches for them.
        
               | tgv wrote:
               | Large companies spend quite a bit of money on online
               | advertising, and also on research on that. They test
               | their materials, they have data teams for comparing
               | campaign results. And they can hijack other brand names
               | if they pay enough. I wouldn't place my washing machine
               | on your playing field.
               | 
               | And it still doesn't justify Google.
        
               | rurp wrote:
               | If you're right about that being the dominant effect we
               | should see small businesses increase as a portion of GDP
               | as online ads become more prevalent, but as best I can
               | tell we aren't seeing that at all. For example this[0]
               | chart from the US Chamber of Commerce shows their share
               | of the economy actually shrinking significantly.
               | 
               | An alternative effect could be that online ads are an
               | avenue for better resourced established companies to out
               | compete and stifle upstarts. Startups are always pressed
               | for resources and running an effective online ad campaign
               | can take significant resources.
               | 
               | You're surely right that _some_ small businesses have
               | benefited from the online ad market, but I suspect that
               | on average larger companies have benefited to a greater
               | degree.
               | 
               | [0]https://www.uschamber.com/small-business/small-
               | business-data...
        
               | Iulioh wrote:
               | Bad things happened because tool, tool bad , very good
               | argument.
               | 
               | Put yourself in the mind of someone making a THING, how
               | do you plan to reach your possible customers for THING?
               | 
               | THING is the best in class, better than the competition
               | but how would you make the world aware of THING existing?
        
               | trgn wrote:
               | how did this happen before advertising?
               | 
               | trade shows, trade magazines, word of mouth, window-
               | dressing in the THING-quarter, ...
               | 
               | why are personalized ads on a website indispensable?
        
               | Iulioh wrote:
               | What do you mean before advertising?
               | 
               | There is no before advertising
               | 
               | Pretty sure we have ads from Mesopotamia
        
               | jollofricepeas wrote:
               | Give or take a few hundred years.
               | 
               | Advertising (4000 BCE)
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_advertising
               | 
               | Fact-checking is literally just a Google search away.
               | Irony intended.
        
               | trgn wrote:
               | i know what you're saying, but really now, you know what
               | i mean. some scribbles on a pancard or some fish monger
               | shouting above the crowd, it's not the same as the mass
               | media ads that find you everywhere willingly and
               | unwillingy, 24/7. so before 1900, why not, to make it
               | easy. let's go back there.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Even Pompeii had advertisements.
        
               | hightrix wrote:
               | > why are personalized ads on a website indispensable?
               | 
               | They aren't. This is exactly what I mean by modern
               | advertising.
               | 
               | If ads were just contextual based on the content of the
               | page, we wouldn't be having this conversation.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | This is the worst attempt at logical reasoning I've seen
               | in a while...
        
               | hightrix wrote:
               | What's hard for you to understand?
               | 
               | Plumbing is good and useful. Plumbing using lead pipes is
               | harmful.
               | 
               | Advertising can be good and useful. Modern advertising
               | that requires tracking everything a user does is harmful.
        
             | bormaj wrote:
             | Emphasis on _advertising in its current form_, I think it's
             | a valuable means to be able to a). monetize something and
             | b). to spread awareness. But I agree with GP that as a
             | society we're allowing companies to grossly over-engineer
             | our lives around ads.
        
             | CuriouslyC wrote:
             | In general advertising is low ROI, the tradeoff being that
             | it's "easy."
             | 
             | I think a lot of these businesses could succeed using
             | alternative promotional strategies. Some of them might
             | suffer because the owners have more money than time and
             | advertising is a good tradeoff in that case, but overall
             | good products are still going to do well.
        
               | loumaciel wrote:
               | What alternative promotional strategies?
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | Social media/content marketing/cold outreach/trade
               | shows/events/etc
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | If you rely on advertising you should not be outsourcing it
             | to google anyway. You should have more control over that
             | part of your business which means it needs to be at least
             | partially in house. Even if you do take some google ads,
             | make sure you have other partners and make sure that ads
             | meet your standards (not a scam, not for your competitors).
        
               | loumaciel wrote:
               | You don't rely on Google to handle everything, it's self-
               | service. Whether you use Google or another platform
               | depends entirely on where your audience is. For example,
               | my father runs a small construction company, and 90% of
               | his leads come from Google search. That's where people
               | are looking for services like his.
        
             | jbm wrote:
             | "Many" feels like it is doing a lot of heavy lifting here.
             | 
             | IME this is only true about drop shippers and similar
             | business models. The vast majority of small businesses are,
             | as a rule, awful at advertising. The few ads I see they are
             | very poorly put together.
             | 
             | Even when they manage to get people to the business, small
             | businesses are almost inevitably awful about maintaining
             | their web presence, which makes it moot. Here's an example
             | thread about such from the local reddit. Including some
             | hostile responses from, charitably, overwhelmed small
             | businesses about how you need to call to confirm a price ht
             | tps://old.reddit.com/r/Calgary/comments/1ewlsib/open_lette.
             | ..)
        
               | quickthrowman wrote:
               | > Even when they manage to get people to the business,
               | small businesses are almost inevitably awful about
               | maintaining their web presence, which makes it moot.
               | Here's an example thread about such from the local
               | reddit. Including some hostile responses from,
               | charitably, overwhelmed small businesses about how you
               | need to call to confirm a price
               | 
               | I'm assuming most of the places that redditor contacted
               | to buy UPS batteries from are B2B shops that aren't
               | geared to selling to people off the street.
               | 
               | I'm assuming this because sometimes I buy replacement UPS
               | battery strings, and I pay with a purchase order after
               | talking to or emailing an inside sales person, not with a
               | credit card at a register.
               | 
               | Places like this don't even need to advertise, the
               | professionals they're selling to know where to find what
               | they need.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | I am in the market for a new scanner. I looked at
           | advertisements for them.
        
             | hightrix wrote:
             | Me too. I went to a store online that sells them and
             | determined which one I wanted by features and reveiws.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | How did you know about a store that sells them?
        
               | hightrix wrote:
               | Searching the internet and not rendering any promoted
               | links or ads in my browser.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | And why do you think that vendors create search-friendly
               | pages? Advertising!
               | 
               | BTW, back in the olden days, magazines were sold, but the
               | bulk of the magazine revenue came from advertising.
               | 
               | Without advertising, the magazines would have cost the
               | consumer quite a bit more.
               | 
               | And, as someone who paid for ad placement in computer
               | magazines, the sales directly corresponded to the
               | advertising.
               | 
               | Why do you think Google provides you with free searches?
               | It isn't because they are altruistic. It's because
               | companies pay to advertise on it. If everybody installed
               | an ad blocker like you, you'd find yourself having to pay
               | for search.
        
           | bloppe wrote:
           | I started a small business selling candles during the
           | pandemic. It's crazy how quickly you change your opinion
           | about advertisements once you start needing to advertise your
           | own business. All of the sudden, they're this amazing benefit
           | for society.
           | 
           | Advertisements can be good (when the business is good and
           | genuinely wants you to know about good new product), and they
           | can be bad (when the business if bad / misleading / scammy).
           | An optimist would say there are more good than bad. I suppose
           | you wouldn't consider yourself an optimist.
        
             | hightrix wrote:
             | > I suppose you wouldn't consider yourself an optimist.
             | 
             | With regard to modern advertising, you are absolutely
             | correct!
             | 
             | That said, I fully understand and agree with the usefulness
             | of advertising. What I'm against is the modern state of
             | advertising. If all ads were simply contextual based on the
             | content being shown and not the user, I don't think many of
             | us would have problems with the ads industry.
        
               | pawelmurias wrote:
               | How are ads for less relevant products better? If the
               | user tracking data is used only for showing ads and
               | doesn't leak I would guess 99% of people would care about
               | getting tracked.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | The GDP argument is weird. If Google being huge is good for GDP
         | why don't we just let them own the whole country? One US
         | company for everything, maximum GDP afterall!
        
           | Night_Thastus wrote:
           | "President Walt Disney Pepsi Comcast has done wonders for the
           | economy! Being that it now _is_...the economy. "
        
           | adventured wrote:
           | Big tech is very good for the US. They're far more difficult
           | to compete with in terms of scale and the resources they can
           | deploy, than small companies. It more easily enables the US
           | to suffocate the tech efforts of other competing nations.
           | Giving this advantage up is extraordinarily moronic by the
           | US. There is no benefit to the US by making it easier for the
           | rest of the world to compete with the US golden geese. The
           | DOJ isn't thinking that far ahead, they're playing a game of
           | agenda.
        
             | arrosenberg wrote:
             | Big Tech is stagnant and mostly good at milking the US
             | consumer for cash. The tech industry would be better serve
             | the average American if the market was more dynamic, and
             | that requires breaking up the big players who are (often
             | illegally) stifling competition.
        
         | sirspacey wrote:
         | What MSFT learned from that was to open offices in Washington
         | DC, lobby and sell to the federal gov.
         | 
         | Hard to find the sense in this action.
        
           | duped wrote:
           | Maybe if google sold more products to the feds they wouldn't
           | be so brazen as to kill them off
        
             | ta1243 wrote:
             | Google doesn't really sell products though, not to
             | businesses. It sells individual data to businesses, it
             | sells advertising to businesses.
             | 
             | The only thing the government will be interested in is the
             | spying which they aren't allowed to do, but unaccountable
             | corporations are allowed to do. As people become more aware
             | of this it means google becomes less and less useful.
        
               | spankalee wrote:
               | Google does not sell individual's data to businesses.
               | Where do you even get that notion?
        
               | pembrook wrote:
               | Defacto, yes they do, that's the entire value proposition
               | of their advertising model -- that they can target
               | customers better than any other platform due to buying
               | intent signals from search queries.
               | 
               | When companies buy ads with Google they're quite
               | literally bidding for microtargeted user intent data.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | That is not "de facto" selling data about an individual
               | to other businesses.
               | 
               | No one can go to Google and buy information about a
               | specific person.
        
               | pembrook wrote:
               | I think we're just arguing semantics.
               | 
               | No, you can't buy user data on 1 specific person (then
               | again, there's many examples of people buying ads on a
               | persons name to catch them googling themselves), but you
               | can buy user data on small groups of people.
        
               | nox101 wrote:
               | No you can't. It's not semantics. It's reality. You can't
               | buy data on people or groups of people from google any
               | more than you can buy data on people from NBC, ABC, CBS.
               | From TV stations you can buy ads during specific
               | programs. That's it. From Google you can buy ads. You can
               | not buy data. Data is something you can do something with
               | on your own, analyse it, etc. Google does not give you
               | data.
        
               | robertlagrant wrote:
               | > there's many examples of people buying ads on a persons
               | name to catch them googling themselves
               | 
               | What does this mean? What is the value of "catching"
               | someone googling themselves?
        
               | duped wrote:
               | GCP isn't a B2B product?
        
               | 0xB31B1B wrote:
               | GCP doesn't make money
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Before the anti-trust action against Microsoft, Microsoft did
           | not lobby nor donate to politicians.
           | 
           | After Bill Gates rode on a golf cart with Bill Clinton, he
           | realized the need to pay the expected tribute to the
           | politicians.
        
           | inopinatus wrote:
           | one may as well complain that outlawing bribery caused
           | everyone to attempt regulatory capture instead
        
             | tightbookkeeper wrote:
             | Except that ones made up.
        
         | adam_arthur wrote:
         | Competition usually leads to higher wealth creation and GDP,
         | not less.
         | 
         | If you use real life examples and history as a benchmark
        
         | internet101010 wrote:
         | I have always thought the reason they became alphabet was
         | because of the expectation that they would eventually get
         | broken up and wanted a company for each letter.
        
           | mucle6 wrote:
           | I think they already had a company for each letter when they
           | became alphabet
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | They were also betting on Alpha!
        
             | inopinatus wrote:
             | come back 2003, all is forgiven
        
         | whiplash451 wrote:
         | With you up to the last sentence. What were the learnings for
         | the current crop of companies?
        
           | mathgeek wrote:
           | Both suits, since they went before several courts,
           | established specific actions that companies should avoid (and
           | ones that they could get away with).
        
         | FrustratedMonky wrote:
         | Breaking up AT&T lead to innovation.
         | 
         | GDP? Have people forgotten that a vibrant 'Free Market'
         | requires breaking up monopolies?
         | 
         | When did supporting a 'Free Market' turn into, "don't touch our
         | giant corps".
        
         | insane_dreamer wrote:
         | Besides the fact that optimizing for GDP growth only vs other
         | metrics is not necessarily economically healthy for a country
         | and its citizens.
        
       | gavin_gee wrote:
       | clearly, google hasn't paid enough campaign donations vis-a-vis
       | Microsoft.
       | 
       | This is just political corruption feigning as doing the right
       | thing for the country.
       | 
       | we are having the wrong debate and are being distracted by the
       | sideshow.
       | 
       | in many ways this is a test balloon for public support to go
       | after big tech as a narrative around censorship over
       | misinformation that will explode over the next few years
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | Good. Then Apple, Then Amazon, Then Facebook. All of them are
       | squeezing innovation in this country.
        
       | IncreasePosts wrote:
       | Is there any chance this could occur in the remaining term of
       | Biden? If not, is Harris going to continue on this path? I assume
       | so, since they are both part of the same machine.
        
       | anon291 wrote:
       | I wish that instead of wasting time on antitrust cases, that the
       | government would just directly fund competition by incentivizing
       | it.
       | 
       | I.e, the first company to reach x% browser market share will
       | receive $x million (billion?) in prize money
       | 
       | or, the first company to build an LLM-based search engine with x%
       | market share will receive $n million
       | 
       | Or structure as a direct investment or heavy tax breaks.
       | 
       | Always better to incentivize competition versus punish success.
       | 
       | Or even better, if government wants to break up "ACME corp" then
       | just tell the employees that, if you leave "ACME corp" and start
       | your own company competing with ACME corp, we will waive taxes on
       | all income for your first five profitable years.
        
         | crabmusket wrote:
         | Instead of spending millions or billions on giveaways to
         | private companies, why not fund a public alternative? Sure,
         | search isn't cheap. But governments should consider information
         | access to be of key importance to democratic participation.
         | 
         | An open source, public benefit search engine would be a really
         | valuable thing to have, which no private company does or ever
         | will find it viable to provide. And I don't even want it to be
         | the only search engine. Commercial search engines will probably
         | still have the edge in various ways, for various use cases. But
         | why not have a public option as one point in the landscape?
         | 
         | If someone is going to "organise the world's information" I'd
         | prefer it to be a democratically controlled government, not an
         | unaccountable for-profit corporation. I know that's an
         | ideological position that many here won't share.
        
         | mulmen wrote:
         | How does cementing early leaders benefit consumers?
         | 
         | This seems like the opposite of what the government should be
         | doing to incentivize competition and innovation.
        
         | j2kun wrote:
         | They're not punishing success, they're punishing illegal
         | behavior.
         | 
         | Breaking up monopolies has a long, successful track record.
        
       | mcguire wrote:
       | A fun thing to do with google's search engine: look for "Scheme
       | tutorial".
       | 
       | For me, the links are:
       | 
       | 1. Arun Muthu's Programming in Scheme (https://medium.com/atomic-
       | variables/programming-in-scheme-th...) Part 1 of a 4-year-old
       | series of blog posts (on Medium) that has no other parts.
       | 
       | 2. Yet Another Scheme Tutorial
       | (http://www.shido.info/lisp/idx_scm_e.html) A decent looking
       | Scheme tutorial, undated.
       | 
       | 3. A Scheme Primer
       | (https://spritely.institute/static/papers/scheme-primer.html)
       | Another decent looking tutorial, 2022.
       | 
       | 4. Scheme Tutorial
       | (https://www.cs.rpi.edu/academics/courses/fall00/ai/scheme/re...)
       | A copy of a 1997 tutorial for a 2000 class at RPI; has broken
       | links pointing to http://cs.wwc.edu/~cs_dept/KU/PR/.
       | 
       | 5. Kent Dybvig's The Scheme Programming Language 4th ed.
       | (https://www.scheme.com/tspl4/)
       | 
       | 6. Reddit "Best beginner friendly "write a scheme" tutorial?"
       | (https://www.reddit.com/r/scheme/comments/klt0af/best_beginne...)
       | 
       | 7. A link to the introduction of a copy of Paul Wilson's un-
       | attributed An Introduction to Scheme and its Implementation
       | (https://www.cs.rpi.edu/academics/courses/fall00/ai/scheme/re...)
       | from RPI in 2000.
       | 
       | Google is an advertising company with a big IT department, not a
       | technology company.
        
       | Narhem wrote:
       | As someone who has had my computers hacked by what I assumed was
       | a google employee then harassed by numerous other companies, the
       | US should have a panic button.
       | 
       | Bother me or any kids again and whatever organization you work
       | for should be punished. It's not okay for people to sabotage
       | relationships with autocorrect.
        
       | burningChrome wrote:
       | As someone who spent time researching the Ma Bells breakup and
       | being knee deep in the local telecom deregulation, I see a lot of
       | the same proposals when discussing the breaking up of Google and
       | Facebook.
       | 
       | This is the short story of what happened in the local telecom
       | deregulation, which I'm pretty sure will happen if you were to
       | break up Google. Consider this took place over the course of 20+
       | years, but I see the same things happening.
       | 
       | After the Ma Bells breakup, there was a huge push to deregulate
       | the regional carriers to increase local market competition. This
       | was put in place in the late 90's here in Minnesota. Suddenly
       | anybody could start a local telecom, lease lines from Qwest
       | Communications (now CenturyLink), resell them and then compete
       | with them in the local market.
       | 
       | This spawned hundreds of companies that were living on razor thin
       | margins. Many were able to exist up to the 2000 initial dot com
       | bust. Many went out of business during the recession. Those who
       | survived? Many of those merged with each other, or were bought by
       | larger regional carriers who wanted to get into the Minneapolis
       | market.
       | 
       | This is what I see happening. You break Google up into smaller
       | companies and within a decade, they will have all merged back
       | together in some form, under different names, or they'll be
       | bought by other companies seeking an advantage by using their
       | technology. Its the same thing I saw happen in telecom. They
       | tried to increase competition by deregulating the market and all
       | it did was create a short-term gold rush and long-term crash.
       | 
       | The problem will be the same with Google. Qwest at the time owned
       | the infrastructure and hardware. Nobody had the financial
       | resources to build out an entirely new network to compete with
       | them so they took the path of least resistance. Which lead to a
       | myriad of other problems. Billing, installation, nefarious things
       | Qwest would do to hamper competitors from switching their lines,
       | etc.
       | 
       | You can break up Google, but over a few decades, we'll look back
       | and understand it wasn't worth it.
        
         | christhecaribou wrote:
         | So are you implying we shouldn't've broken up Ma Bell? Or
         | shouldn't breakup Google?
         | 
         | Perhaps Ma Bell taught us lessons to avoid this time around.
        
           | burningChrome wrote:
           | >> Perhaps Ma Bell taught us lessons to avoid this time
           | around.
           | 
           | I hope this is true. I'm not sure breaking up Ma Bell was a
           | good thing long term. All they did was break them up and then
           | all the regional bells and smaller companies just re-
           | constituted themselves again in some other form. The
           | deregulation created more competition, but it was short lived
           | because of economic pressures.
           | 
           | For many business customers, their first dealings with local
           | telecom companies that were competing with Qwest at the time
           | were horrific. Business customers would lose their landline
           | and internet service for days without any idea when it would
           | be restored. Cutovers were problematic and a total crap shoot
           | if they went smoothly. Qwest regularly tagged the wrong lines
           | that needed to be cut over. The billing nightmares of moving
           | off of Qwest to a local company were too numerous to
           | remember. Many businesses would switch for the savings and
           | within a few months, would switch back because it was just
           | one thing after another these companies couldn't get right.
           | Suddenly paying a little more for the peace of mind far
           | outweighed any savings they were getting.
           | 
           | I suspect Google customers will have the same experience so
           | I'm still on the fence whether it will be worth it long term.
           | The one argument you can make is that Google isn't simply a
           | company that needs competition, but that's its actually doing
           | damage by how they manipulate their search rankings and what
           | results they're delivering to people - so in that regard,
           | they absolutely need to be broken up.
        
         | wrongotron wrote:
         | I think you ignore how much the telecom market reshaped itself
         | in the meantime. Pre-breakup AT&T had complete market power
         | over what technologies would or would not get deployed. The use
         | of landlines has plummeted, to be replaced by cell phones.
         | Today the average consumer has significantly greater choice
         | when it comes to carriers, even if many of the usual suspects
         | are still in the game. I question whether the breathing room
         | would have existed in the market without the breakup. If you
         | have an innovative startup idea in a space, and you have
         | exactly one customer to sell to, you have a major uphill
         | battle.
        
       | textlapse wrote:
       | This will also end up breaking up the Ads to Nobel Prize
       | pipeline.
       | 
       | I do wish they had some sort of GSoC style programs to do what
       | Alpha Go Fold Zero did for the world.
        
       | gamblor956 wrote:
       | Considering how many great/successful products that Google killed
       | because they weren't successful "enough" compared to the ad
       | business, this would be a good thing.
       | 
       | Products like Reader, News, etc. would still be around if they'd
       | been split off from the Google mothership.
        
       | api wrote:
       | The most important thing -- and I doubt this would ever happen --
       | would be to break off the identity (OAuth) provider and make it
       | some kind of public non-profit. One company should not own the
       | identity layer for such a huge chunk of the Internet, and _so_
       | many people use Google for this.
        
         | crabmusket wrote:
         | Man that would be really cool. I do wish governments would move
         | a bit faster on providing such generic public benefit services.
        
           | api wrote:
           | I'm not a huge fan of governments doing Internet services,
           | but the identity layer is something that actually fits within
           | their sphere. Governments already provide the canonical
           | identity layer for society and have since, like, ancient
           | Egypt.
           | 
           | Your drivers' license could have a chip in it capable of
           | FIDO2 etc. and it could be linked with an OAuth provider. I
           | know login.gov already exists but it's not built to be used
           | everywhere.
        
       | weeksie wrote:
       | By the time they break them up search will be less relevant than
       | ever. Barn door/horse, etc.
        
       | blufish wrote:
       | How is google harming clients when their product is free and a
       | click away to something else
        
         | crabmusket wrote:
         | Google does everything they can to make sure there is no
         | "something else". That's what antitrust enforcement is meant to
         | address.
        
       | bsimpson wrote:
       | It's gonna be wild if they make paying to be default search
       | illegal, and then Google gets to keep all the money it pays out
       | while still being the default (because nothing else is worth
       | using).
        
       | whatever1 wrote:
       | Advertising venues that hold auctions need to be opened up to
       | competition and provide full transpancy. These are markets that
       | need regulations.
       | 
       | Today ad auctioning is the ultimate scamming game. The force
       | everyone to pay more, and nobody wins except the ad venue.
        
         | ensignavenger wrote:
         | If the advertisers weren't winning, they would stop using those
         | platforms.
        
       | crabmusket wrote:
       | What is the so-called "ad feed" mentioned in this article? What
       | would it mean to license this to somebody else?
        
       | yalogin wrote:
       | I think the government is late to the game in this instance. I
       | would have been in the "break it up" camp until this year. I see
       | google's search monopoly going away in the next few years with
       | GenAI.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | What country wouldn't love to have a Google? And the US wants to
       | break its good fortune up.
       | 
       | Like all dominant companies, Google will eventually fall via
       | strangulation by its internal bureaucracy. There's no reason to
       | hand the market over to another country.
        
       | theultdev wrote:
       | Good. I bet Mozilla is nervous.
        
       | alex_young wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/DPtgt
        
       | elisbce wrote:
       | So they have no problems with Microsoft, Meta, Blackrock,
       | Berkshire, Exxon/Chevron, but Google.
        
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