[HN Gopher] Rabbit hole: stumbling across two Portuguese punched...
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       Rabbit hole: stumbling across two Portuguese punched cards
        
       Author : jgrahamc
       Score  : 175 points
       Date   : 2024-10-08 17:19 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.jgc.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.jgc.org)
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | Look up a guy called Pedro Aniceto - he'll tell you so many
       | stories of when those cards were current here (he used to courier
       | them across town when he was a kid)
        
         | pedroaniceto wrote:
         | ;) Punching cards was in fact my first "decent" job. There were
         | the "punchers" and "the programmers". A real social battle...
        
           | airstrike wrote:
           | I feel like you should submit your own blog posts here!
        
           | tdeck wrote:
           | The job goes back much further than you probably think!
           | 
           | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=PqLCHjAI000&pp=ygUQbG9vbSBjYXJ.
           | ..
        
       | cafard wrote:
       | Very cool. Also good to see someone else still writing Perl.
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | Mostly because I know it's installed, I can remember pretty
         | much the entire language, and because I'd probably use Python
         | instead but I've been bitten by some environment thing too many
         | times.
        
           | pedroaniceto wrote:
           | Yes, a single variable notification in code, could cost
           | THOUSANDS just because someone would punch ONE card with the
           | new data, compile it (with no errors), save it on a cassete
           | tape, (write the label of the tape with a new version number)
           | and deliver it to the customer. There were no monitors.
           | Computers would have a "BOITIER" (a rectangular box of
           | coloured lamps) who coould have 3 meanings, ON, OFF and
           | BLINKING. We're talking about 16 light points, and the
           | interpretation of those lights would have the answer for the
           | completed action. 3 whites and 3 reds would mean "No errors
           | on compiling". But that action only verified syntax. Logic
           | was another department :)
        
             | thih9 wrote:
             | Mind blowing. 50 years later we are putting VM in a VM in a
             | VM to send videos of funny cats along with bank
             | transactions across the world to everyone's wireless pocket
             | computer.
        
         | gpvos wrote:
         | It still has great whipuptitude.
        
       | zorked wrote:
       | I didn't know they used to call computers "ordenadores" in
       | Portugal. Interesting.
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | They appear to have in this book, but computadores seems to
         | have taken over.
        
         | madaxe_again wrote:
         | Ordinateur in French, still.
        
           | nsbk wrote:
           | Ordenador in Spanish, still.
        
         | pedroaniceto wrote:
         | 'till the 80's, french was the computer dominating language.
         | Terms like "Octeto" (portuguese for byte) were derived from
         | french glossary (tehy had laws to prevent the english tech term
         | colonization and still today they have a french word for every
         | english counterpart). So, "Ordenadores" was pretty common. And
         | before electronics took over, we had "Electrologica", refering
         | mixed hardware like Burroughs or Gestetner.
        
           | titanomachy wrote:
           | English-speaking programmers still say "octet" for byte
           | sometimes, for example when talking about IP addresses.
        
             | jdblair wrote:
             | The term "octet" is used in IETF documentation (for IP
             | addresses, for example) to be specific that the byte is 8
             | bits in length. Historically the size of a "byte" on a
             | system was machine-dependent. The industry coalesced around
             | the 8-bit byte, and differentiated it from "machine word"
             | in the 70s and 80s.
             | 
             | Edit: I just checked wikipedia, and this is described
             | there: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Like the sibling says, octet is useful when in a networking
             | context, because bytes weren't uniformly sized, but also
             | because communications protocols were sometimes only 7-bit.
             | 
             | Serial ports and modems often operated in that mode, and
             | UUCP influenced mail and newsgroups to only use 7-bit data;
             | requiring encoding for data with the high bit set.
             | Protocols that specify octets are dealing with 8-bit bytes
             | and don't have to deal with that.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | Spain and France as well. Computadora was a Latin American
         | thing
        
         | forinti wrote:
         | In Brazil the vocabulary changed a lot from the 80s onward too.
         | 
         | I was used to reading everything in English, so Brazilian
         | computer books and magazines would always read strange to me.
         | Then in the 90s everything just moved to American vocabulary.
         | 
         | The strangest word I recall in this context is the use of
         | "alca" for handle.
        
           | zorked wrote:
           | Brazil had a bad problem with technical books being
           | translated by generalist translators who just looked up the
           | word in the dictionary and used the first translation they
           | saw. So many translations are extremely hard to read because
           | of that.
        
             | rcarmo wrote:
             | Yep. The literal translation for "edge-triggered flip-flop"
             | still stands as one of the weirdest, most bizarre things I
             | ever read as a Continental Portuguese student.
             | 
             | Never read another Brazilian technical translation ever
             | agin.
        
       | zahlman wrote:
       | >indicates that Joao A. Fernandes is paid 15$000 (15 Portuguese
       | escudos) per hour
       | 
       | From the linked Wikipedia article, the escudo was replaced with
       | the Euro in 2002, at a rate of about 200 escudos to the Euro.
       | Seems like they had quite a bit of inflation in those three or so
       | decades.
        
         | ajose_mr wrote:
         | There was:
         | https://www.inflationtool.com/rates/portugal/historical?utm_...
         | 
         | I have heard a few stories about those times in the 70s and 80s
         | where people were selling their properties and putting the
         | money in the bank which was paying 20% interest.
         | 
         | A bitter lesson on the difference between the nominal Vs real
         | value of money rapidly ensued.
        
           | nodja wrote:
           | I'm portuguese and there's an oddity in either this chart or
           | my memory.
           | 
           | When we transitioned to the euro it seemed most shops
           | straight up converted from escudo to eurocent. So if
           | something cost 50 escudos it would cost 50 cents. I was a
           | teen at the time so I remember having to pay double for
           | breakfast and arcade coinop games and people blaming the
           | inflation for the doubled price of stuff. Yet the chart
           | doesn't represent this. I know the price of electronics for
           | example wasn't doubled so I wasn't expect a 100% inflation
           | rate or anything, but I still feels it should've been higher
           | than 4%.
        
             | xenadu02 wrote:
             | Uh 3 years of 22% inflation (give or take) doubles prices.
             | When you're a young kid it sure would seem like everything
             | got twice as expensive really fast, especially since most
             | stores and manufacturers aren't raising prices every week
             | to track inflation.
             | 
             | If I estimate the 10-ish years of 20% +/- 3% that's around
             | 7x which I can't imagine.
        
               | pedrosorio wrote:
               | They were talking about 2002 when the Euro was introduced
               | and "it felt like" prices doubled overnight. At the time
               | (as you can see in the chart) inflation was below 4% per
               | year.
        
             | anthk wrote:
             | Ditto in Spanish with the former currency, the peseta.
             | 
             | 1 euro = 166 PTS, 6 euro ~ 1000 PTS, the basic banknote.
             | 
             | Guess what happened. Exactly. Bread costing 100 PTS began
             | to cost... 166, 1 euro.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | Bread didn't go up 66% overnight.
               | 
               | It did go up 66%... but it took more than 15 years:
               | https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/6407661.pdf
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | In some places, it did over a year.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | In your mind :-)
        
               | anthk wrote:
               | Tell that to lots of local shops there on what happened
               | between 2002 and 2005 :)
               | 
               | And, of course, bars.
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | We were talking about bread. And "between 2002 and 2005"
               | is somewhat longer than "over a year".
        
               | jmrm wrote:
               | It didn't happed specifically with bread, as other
               | comment exposed, but it happened with other products,
               | specially in bars, cafes, and restaurants.
               | 
               | On the other hand, inflation affected different products
               | in different ways. I remember how in January 1st 2002 a
               | small bag of Ruffles Jamon costed EUR0.15 in a kiosk and
               | now it's around EUR0.50 (or even more) in same places
               | (and now contains less product and more air), and I doubt
               | any other product that are nearly 300% percent inflation
               | since 2002 (outside homes sadly)
        
         | nunobrito wrote:
         | 15 escudos was roughly 7 cents of Euro in those days. You could
         | buy one chewing gum with that kind of money. An expresso coffee
         | would cost 50 escudos on the turn of the century.
        
         | tumetab1 wrote:
         | I was intrigued by the value so did some research.
         | 
         | I would guess the 15$/hour value was chosen to approximate an
         | average gross salary. The annualized payment would be 31200$[1]
         | and it seems the average annual salary was around 30359$.
         | 
         | Updated to 2022 values the annual gross pay would be 10033EUR
         | [3], current average annual gross salary is 20483EUR [4].
         | 
         | [1] 15$ * 2080 hours [2]
         | https://www.repository.utl.pt/bitstream/10400.5/9819/1/ee-ja...
         | [3]
         | https://www.ine.pt/xportal/xmain?xpid=INE&xpgid=ipc&xlang=en
         | [4] https://www.pordata.pt/pt/estatisticas/salarios-e-
         | pensoes/sa...
        
       | keybpo wrote:
       | Found a reference to ENIASA - Instituto de Informatica de
       | Engenharia SARL (computer science engeneering). Rereading your
       | post, I'm not entirely sure if it was just an academic publishing
       | from maybe the same group or if a new branch for computers
       | derived from the mecanograph educational offers. Curious use of
       | ordenador istead of computador as it is nowadays, makes me wonder
       | if it was an early adoption of the term computer.
       | 
       | It was submitted for registration and approved in 1970, according
       | to Diario da Republica (similar to Federal Register in the US):
       | https://files.dre.pt/gratuitos/3s/1970/09/1970d210s000.pdf , page
       | 4, line 82 of that table. Or here:
       | https://i.imgur.com/GyKPamu.png
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | Yeah, I found that too. But that's all I found.
        
           | pedroaniceto wrote:
           | Read my comment below about the french language domination
        
         | nunobrito wrote:
         | It's still "ordenador" in Spain and "ordinateur" in French.
         | Interesting that we moved forward to computer over the years.
        
           | ithkuil wrote:
           | Is this because these early computers were more often used to
           | keep tabs and sort things (put things in order) rather than
           | merely compute things?
           | 
           | (I'm aware that in order to perform those tasks the
           | processing unit will also have to perform arithmetic
           | operations)
        
             | anthk wrote:
             | Orden in Spanish means both command (mandate, instruction)
             | and order (as from sort).
        
               | forinti wrote:
               | Exactly the same as the Portuguese word ordem.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | _ordem e progresso_ = sorting and soup?
               | https://www.progresso.com
        
               | kgwgk wrote:
               | So it means both order and order.
               | 
               | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/order
               | 
               | 1. (countable) Arrangement, disposition, or sequence.
               | 
               | [...]
               | 
               | 5. (countable) A command.
               | 
               | [...]
        
             | jordigh wrote:
             | No, "ordinateur" was a marketing term created for IBM that
             | meant to evoke godliness, from the somewhat archaic phrase,
             | "Dieu qui met de l'ordre dans le monde", God who sets the
             | world in order.
             | 
             | https://www.lemonde.fr/planete/article/2005/04/15/16-avril-
             | 1...
             | 
             | Spain calqued the word into ordenador while most of Latin
             | America calqued computadora from the USA.
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | As Portuguese reaching 50, that is also native speaker in
         | Spanish as well, this is the very first time I have seen any
         | Portuguese content using the Spanish/French variant, instead of
         | "computador".
        
       | pedroaniceto wrote:
       | Those were the days...
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The book has a picture of the IBM 2321 Data Cell Drive, 1964 to
       | 1975.[1] That's an exotic peripheral for the original IBM
       | System/360, a tape strip library. Before disks got big, there
       | were various mechanical kludges to select storage media from a
       | library and move them to a read/write unit. IBM had several such
       | mechanical systems. This one was a commercial product with modest
       | success.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_2321_Data_Cell
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | I love these old advertisements. BTW, even in late and mid 80's,
       | there were adverts on the Spanish Reader's Digest on courses
       | about computers. I rememember showing images of both PDP front
       | panels and maybe Altair 8800, not IBM PC's. These were top notch
       | stuff for big corporations and banks filling their offices.
       | 
       | BTW, on the 'computadora' term, these looked outdated, and to
       | anyone non-Latin American descent here 'computadora' would mean
       | an old IBM mainframe the size of two wardrobes and more.
        
         | pantulis wrote:
         | I remember those things being called "cerebros electronicos".
        
           | anthk wrote:
           | More like the 60's and 70's, and infamously known because of
           | the comic books. "Electronic Brains" in the 80's, maybe until
           | 1981 or 1982.
        
       | lubujackson wrote:
       | My dad used to work in a college lab that used punch cards. I am
       | actually using one as a bookmark right now - they make great
       | bookmarks!
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | Blank, unpunched punchcards are a great size for taking notes
         | too.
        
       | svilen_dobrev wrote:
       | so.. those real cards that fell off .by.gravity., were the
       | originals photographed in the textbook?
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | No, they were not the originals because if you look at the book
         | versions they do not have the printed In Es Me logo on them.
        
           | svilen_dobrev wrote:
           | then.. what, someone learned punching? from what's in that
           | book? The text punched matches exactly..
           | 
           | Or is that some secret "code" to open gates of XYZ?
           | 
           | p.s. it is a rabbit hole :)
        
             | jgrahamc wrote:
             | From my blog: _So, it looks like the cards were examples
             | (perhaps from the training course) drawn from the book._
        
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