[HN Gopher] Could we build a computer designed to last at least ...
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       Could we build a computer designed to last at least fifty years?
       (2021)
        
       Author : andai
       Score  : 104 points
       Date   : 2024-10-07 11:54 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (ploum.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (ploum.net)
        
       | t-3 wrote:
       | Haven't we basically already built them? They're just slow and
       | not supported by software vendors so nobody wants to use them.
       | Other than replacing capacitors and realtime clock batteries on
       | every 20 years or so, dusting and replacing fans when bearings go
       | bad (assuming it's not a passively-cooled design), most computers
       | should basically last beyond a human lifetime (I've read that
       | those less than ~20nm will go bad over time as traces lose atoms
       | and eventually fail, but older processes should be fine).
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > Haven't we basically already built them?
         | 
         | Yes, we have. I have a few computers that old or older, and
         | they run just fine. Every so often a dried-up capacitor has to
         | be replaced, but that's about it.
        
         | andai wrote:
         | Are you talking about C64?
        
         | supportengineer wrote:
         | One of them is in interstellar space
        
           | basementcat wrote:
           | Two.
           | 
           | https://science.nasa.gov/mission/voyager/mission-overview/
        
             | rurban wrote:
             | Not just interstellar space. Everything in space needs to
             | be radiation hardened, thus equal to a 50 year old
             | computer.
             | 
             | They do use laptops, but not for much longer than a year.
             | The basics must endure longer.
        
         | kmoser wrote:
         | > older processes should be fine
         | 
         | Except for metal whiskering:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisker_(metallurgy)
        
           | shrubble wrote:
           | However the older solders have a much higher percentage of
           | lead in their composition which makes whiskering less likely.
           | I have two Zenith Z-120s made in about 1980 and thus coming
           | up on 50 years old which don't have any issues.
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | I know of a running TRS80 and a BBC Model-B, but the retro-
             | heads who own them jst pwer them up now and then, not in
             | constant use so as not to heat-stress them. TBH they smell
             | a bit. My theory is the transformer windings are on the way
             | out.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | Wire-wrap avoids that altogether:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wire_wrap
        
         | tambourine_man wrote:
         | Hard drives will probably go bad before capacitors, most of the
         | time.
        
       | gladiatr72 wrote:
       | https://hackaday.com/2019/12/06/visiting-the-facom-128b-1958...
       | 
       | I was quite impressed to learn about the 66 year-old computer
       | that is still in use with the Japanese transit system.
        
       | flobosg wrote:
       | (2021)
        
       | adrian_b wrote:
       | Most modern MOS circuits are no longer designed to last 50 years,
       | unlike most integrated circuits and discrete semiconductor
       | devices of 50 years ago. There is no chance for any up-to-date
       | CPU or memory module to work for 50 years.
       | 
       | Nevertheless, it is quite easy to be able to use a modern
       | computer for 50 years, if you just get 10 computers that do not
       | contain components that age even when they are not used, e.g.
       | batteries or electrolytic capacitors, and you use one computer
       | until it breaks, keeping the others in storage until you must
       | replace the current work computer.
       | 
       | Such a set of modern computers would be faster, cheaper and
       | smaller than a single computer in the style of PDP-11 or VAX,
       | made by using low-density components that can work for 50 years.
        
       | Clamchop wrote:
       | > Lots of writers keep using [typewriters], they became trendy in
       | the 2010s and, to escape surveillance, some secret services
       | started to use them back. It's a very niche but existing market.
       | 
       | At first blush, this sentiment appears to also be true of old
       | computers. There is growing "trendy" interest in them, and
       | they're otherwise still fit for purpose for some tasks, like
       | gaming, writing, driving long-unsupported hardware or software.
       | The community around it has been rather industrious in servicing
       | old machines, particularly Macs.
       | 
       | But they cannot satisfy all the requirements we have of a modern
       | computer, and neither can a typewriter. However, the length of
       | time a computer has before being truly obsolete seems much longer
       | now than it used to be. You could easily get a decade or more if
       | you can control the itch for new and shiny and have modest
       | performance needs.
       | 
       | Might need to replace the battery, if the device has one. There's
       | some luck involved with getting the longest support window
       | possible from MS or Apple. Google and co are famously a lot worse
       | on this front, if we're talking phones.
        
       | themadturk wrote:
       | I couldn't help thinking of the AlphaSmart[0] while reading this.
       | The writer's primary need seems to be an offline, lasts-forever
       | writing device, so no version of the AlphaSmart meets all the
       | criteria. But it is (or was) an offline-only device that was
       | limited to writing and a few educational applications. The
       | keyboard was excellent, text could be transferred between device
       | and computer via cable, and the AA-batteries would last for
       | literally hundreds of hours.
       | 
       | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AlphaSmart
        
       | theodric wrote:
       | E-ink maybe isn't it, anyway. A few years ago I built an e-ink
       | clock/gimmick that refreshed every few seconds with some
       | different text on a given part of the screen, and within 1.5
       | years the sides unto about 2cm in - but not the parts being
       | constantly refreshed! - had more stuck/weak pixels than not. A
       | halo of rot. 50 years is a long time, much longer than 1.5.
        
       | jmrm wrote:
       | I think we have reached a point in tech where there isn't a huge
       | benefit about changing computer every 3 years like in the past.
       | 
       | You can have a computer with 10 years that can run modern OSs and
       | software without being incompatible or too slow, a thing totally
       | impossible 20 years ago.
       | 
       | If you do AI related developement or play videogames, you would
       | require at least a new GPU, but outside that, I think the only
       | couple things (pretty major IMO) making those computers less
       | useful are more complex video formats not available to decode by
       | hardware, and the vast amount of code some web apps use (try
       | using YouTube or Twitter in an old laptop)
        
         | Suzuran wrote:
         | Security issues are the driver now. I had to shut down some
         | machines at work last month because their CPUs have a microcode
         | flaw that the vendor is not releasing a fix for.
        
           | cesarb wrote:
           | That heavily depends on your usage. Most microcode security
           | issues are local-only, so if your use case doesn't require
           | the local execution of arbitrary executable code, all you
           | lost is one extra security layer, which would become relevant
           | only if other security layers (the ones which prevent
           | arbitrary local code execution in the first place) fail.
        
       | Apreche wrote:
       | The Apple IIGs exists. I have one. I think it's going to make it
       | to 50 no problem.
        
       | recursivedoubts wrote:
       | i like to think about thought experiments like this: what if
       | electronics/large consumer goods were all bar-coded and, when
       | they are disposed of, scanned in, and the original manufacturer
       | is charged some fee for the recycling/disposal of them. Make
       | "repairing with minimal waste" the recurring revenue that product
       | companies shoot for, rather than the new new thing.
        
         | asoneth wrote:
         | Whether it happens in tens, hundreds, thousands, or more years,
         | every physical product has a finite lifespan.
         | 
         | So it might be simpler to charge a fee when a product is
         | initially manufactured that is based on the current cost of
         | disposing that product. Perhaps this could even replace things
         | like consumer sales tax or VAT.
         | 
         | That would incentivize manufacturers to create products with
         | minimal disposal costs, and it would incentivize consumers to
         | hang on to products longer or buy used.
        
           | nilamo wrote:
           | And it'd also open up a whole new exciting Futures market!
        
           | sgu999 wrote:
           | We've had this in France for a bit more than 10 years:
           | https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eco-participation
           | 
           | It's a fixed fee based on the category of the device though,
           | so not really an incentive for companies to change their
           | ways, other than moving the entire business line from making
           | iPhones to light bulbs.
        
           | OscarCunningham wrote:
           | I guess the point of charging the company at the time of
           | disposal would be that they'd be earning interest on that
           | money in the meantime. So they'd be incented to make it last
           | longer.
           | 
           | It wouldn't work for several reasons though, not least
           | because the company could cease to exist before the product
           | failed.
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | Canada charges a recycling fee when you purchase electronics.
           | The claim is that it covers all costs of recycling at an
           | audited/approved recycler.
           | 
           | When you are done with your electronics you can drop them off
           | at any recycling center to be disposed.
           | 
           | It varies by province, but the cost is actually pretty
           | minimal. I think the most expensive fee in my province is a
           | large display at $7. The recycling fee for a laptop is less
           | than a dollar.
           | 
           | It doesn't incentivize less consumption when you are paying
           | the tax up front, but it does incentivize making sure that
           | the electronics actually make it to the correct waste stream
           | instead of the landfill.
        
         | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
         | Recycling, as is, means reducing something to its component
         | materials. We need to incentivize manufacturers such that it
         | means reducing something to its component parts. Testable
         | parts, with standard interfaces.
         | 
         | Perhaps we should have that bar code link to a prepaid account
         | which handles shipping it back to the manufacturer. Things will
         | be more repairable if making the most of a broken one was the
         | manufacturer's problem.
        
       | d_silin wrote:
       | A good laptop will last for 5-10 years, about as long a car, I
       | guess. 20 year laptops (Thinkpads mostly) are still around.
       | 
       | If average laptop lifetime is about 5 years (for all reasons),
       | then about 0.1% will make it to 50 years and remain operational.
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | The average car on the road is 12 years old in the us. I
         | suspect average laptop is around 4.
        
         | dvh wrote:
         | Modern notebooks don't last. You drop it 3-4 times and the
         | hinges are busted.
        
           | tambourine_man wrote:
           | I don't agree. There were old tanks, sure, but regular
           | laptops were plastic and flimsy. Even PowerBooks would
           | slightly flex when handled by the edges.
           | 
           | Apple led the way with the unibody aluminum case and now even
           | midrange laptops are pretty sturdy.
        
           | tristor wrote:
           | Only for consumer-grade stuff, which is basically disposable
           | garbage that's obsolete the day you purchase it, which is
           | about what you get for $350 at Walmart. For any actually
           | decent laptop designed for enterprises/businesses, this is
           | not true, they still have steel hinge pins and plastic-over-
           | metal hinge bodies. Doesn't really matter if you buy Dell,
           | Lenovo, Apple, business-quality laptops don't have these
           | issues, but they do start at around $1000/unit.
           | 
           | The problem with any discussion around electronics longevity
           | is that it's a bimodal market. You have the stuff that
           | generates the bulk of revenue, which is generally meant to be
           | purchased as a "fleet" by businesses or MSPs, and you have
           | the stuff that generates the bulk of the actual devices, but
           | at most lower BOM cost (meaning lower quality) which is
           | targeted at "consumers". Anybody who is even a little bit
           | technical has already noticed this simply due to the
           | difference in experience between the laptop they're issued at
           | work vs what they may have once had at home, and likely has
           | opted to bite the bullet and pay for quality.
           | 
           | Once you are on the higher end of the bimodal distribution,
           | longevity is a significantly different challenge. I have an
           | X230 laptop I bought new in 2012 that is still in use weekly
           | and functions completely fine. My much newer M3 Macbook Pro
           | is significantly more powerful, but is completely unnecessary
           | for what that laptop is for. That's 12 years of usage without
           | any sign of slowing down, and since that X230 is my car
           | laptop I use in my race car for tuning and data monitoring, I
           | can guarantee it's had a lot worse than "3-4 drops" over the
           | last 12 years, including surviving a crash in my old race
           | car.
        
           | dghlsakjg wrote:
           | Modern cars don't last. You crash them three or four times
           | and the wheels fall off.
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Mildly tech-savvy people make weird choices. Pointing at
           | thicker laptops and calling it outdated and unattractive, for
           | example.
        
         | everyone wrote:
         | Laptops and also smartphones dont last in my experience.. Too
         | much miniaturisation imo. I dont buy them 2nd hand, I only buy
         | new ones as they only have a limited life. Desktops on the
         | other hand, will last forever, I buy those 2nd hand and they
         | are so cheap but they function perfectly.. Also if something
         | does break they are modular and its trivial to replace the
         | broken part.
        
           | ProfessorLayton wrote:
           | It greatly depends on the laptop, even within the same
           | manufacturer. I have lots of old Apple gear that still works
           | but is just too old to get security updates:
           | 
           | - 2012 13" MBP, works great with an SSD upgrade, and the
           | hinge is still solid, which was not the case with my 2009 15"
           | MBP where the screen literally ripped off.
           | 
           | - 2013 15" retina MBP. Great laptop, still plenty fast to use
           | today, but runs a little hot and the battery life was never
           | amazing.
           | 
           | - 2015 12" retina Macbook. Survived _two_ glasses of water
           | spilled on it, but the speakers and bluetooth died. It was
           | miserably slow to use anyway.
           | 
           | My daily driver is now a 15" M3 Macbook, which has been
           | amazing in nearly every way. Only minor complaints is that
           | the ram maxes out at 24GB and I wish I had 1 more USB port on
           | the other side.
        
       | loloquwowndueo wrote:
       | I have a Tandy trs-80 model 100 which is at least 40 years old.
       | Not so far from the 50 year mark.
        
       | everyone wrote:
       | Voyager 1 and 2 are still functioning. And they were built on the
       | cheap.. They certainly weren't supposed to last 47 years but they
       | did.
        
       | VyseofArcadia wrote:
       | The web sure is convenient, but for the actual work I do, I could
       | in fact work on a 30 to 35 year old computer. I mostly code, and
       | occasionally I process words or spread sheets. All things I could
       | do on a DOS machine, or even something like an Apple //e. I'd
       | certainly be fine on an Amiga. I'd be on cloud nine with a
       | NeXTCube. I don't know that I'm willing to go older than early
       | 80s, though. I need my computer to at least handle both uppercase
       | and lowercase.
       | 
       | So arguably we've already built computers that last 40 years.
       | Another decade doesn't seem crazy.
        
         | cons0le wrote:
         | This is also why when we eventually do have a breakthrough in
         | AI or quantum computing, it wont change anything. We'll just
         | use AI to serve ads on Quantum Facebook, or something equally
         | useless. So many web frameworks have come out in the past 10
         | years and more then ever websites are spammy, bloated, and less
         | intuitive than they were 10 years ago.
         | 
         | I love wikipedia because it's more performant than facebook or
         | youtube, it doesn't track me, it doesn't have anything moving
         | or sliding around the page to increase "engagement" ,, it just
         | gives me info without making me fight for it. I wish every
         | website was wikipedia. I don't need react or angular, I don't
         | 60fps buttons with smooth gradients. I just want my info
        
         | saltcured wrote:
         | Yeah, it's mostly about "last 50 years doing what?".
         | 
         | Someone else mentioned the Voyager space probes. I think there
         | are cars from the 70s and 80s with some embedded computers and
         | some of these are still on the road too. The computer
         | electronics can be made robust if desired. The hard part is if
         | you mean "general purpose" and you want to include purposes of
         | the future that we haven't explored yet.
         | 
         | I've recently powered up some "portable" Toshiba computers from
         | around 1990. Aside from the CMOS clock batteries being dead and
         | resetting to the wrong time, they booted DOS and I was able to
         | use their existing programs to inspect the existing data files,
         | delete things, and run a disc scrubbing utility. The vacuum
         | fluorescent display worked like new, the hard drive still
         | worked, etc.
         | 
         | These would still work for word processing etc. But with their
         | RAM, storage, and IO limitations, they wouldn't work for modern
         | use cases with modern sized media payloads.
         | 
         | I recall my 386-class machine that supported my computer
         | science course work in university. It was able to barely decode
         | a short 320x240 ~10 fps MPEG video demo from a research group.
         | Its entire disk space was only about 80 MB, whereas today I may
         | have bigger files than that on my phone.
         | 
         | You could build some kind of Computer of Theseus that has
         | sensible buses and modular pieces to allow it to be expanded
         | over time to support new use cases. I think they are called
         | "mainframes". But, economics aren't going to make this cheap
         | and competitive enough for consumer use cases.
         | 
         | This is what desktop PCs were for us in recent decades. It's
         | not going to make it 50 years, but we got a lot of mileage out
         | of the various buses and power connectors to allow incremental
         | upgrades of parts. Eventually, you wipe the slate to get rid of
         | some of the most legacy parts, buses, and form factors.
         | Nobody's PC power supply from 1990 was going to support a
         | modern GPU, not to mention the changing power needs of CPUs and
         | mainboards.
        
       | kccqzy wrote:
       | The voyager spacecrafts are almost fifty years old.
        
       | datavirtue wrote:
       | Naval ships are loaded with them.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system...
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | I kind of feel like we're rapidly approaching an end of history
       | point on computing. The joke in the late 90s/early 00s was that
       | your computer became obsolete on the way home from the store. My
       | computing upgrade cycles have been getting longer and longer.
       | Same with phones. I last upgraded my iPhone in 2022 not because I
       | needed to (it was three years old), but because I wanted some of
       | the newer features. What used to be a 2-year cycle like clockwork
       | has stretched to 3 or 4 years. My laptop cycle has gone from 3
       | years to 5 years and that last only because the display stopped
       | working (it's now running headless in my music studio). The
       | limiting factor has become less one of functionality and one of
       | durability, and while there's work to be done there, right now
       | the economic factors don't make sense. As revenue shifts to
       | services from hardware though, I expect to see a greater emphasis
       | on long-lasting computers until the expectation is that a
       | computer, phone or tablet is expected to have a 10-15 year
       | lifespan.
        
         | dghlsakjg wrote:
         | I have a 2014 macbook that I still use pretty regularly.
         | 
         | The only longevity issue is the battery, which is a limited
         | lifetime part no matter what, and no support for the newest
         | Xcode, which is unfortunate, but not a real limitation on what
         | I use it for. It's something that I could probably work around
         | by using opencore.
         | 
         | Its kind of crazy TBH. A 2004 macbook (powerbook?) would have
         | been genuinely outdated in 2014, but in 2024, my 10 year old
         | laptop is... fine?
         | 
         | Same thing with my phones. I went from an iphone 4, to a 5, to
         | a 6 to an 11. And there I have stayed. There are a few features
         | that would be nice to have, but not enough for me to fork over
         | the cash. And my old one still does everything fine.
         | 
         | The real limitations are the incompatibilities with new APIs. I
         | fixed up an old macbook air I found at a recycling center for a
         | friend's kid (2011?) and getting it setup took some time since
         | the imaged version of Safari incompatible with modern HTTPS.
         | Once I cleared that hump, though, it was a great machine for
         | youtube, browsing, etc...
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | > in 2024, my 10 year old laptop is... fine?
           | 
           | Except for the lack of security updates and it chokes when
           | playing 1080p youtube videos and such.
           | 
           | Also, I doubt you've used any Apple Silicon systems. I had a
           | MBP of similar vintage with a discreet GPU, with an upgraded
           | SSD much faster than stock, and the M1 that replaced it was
           | "holy shit" levels faster; now they're on the third gen with
           | the fourth about to make it into portables and workstations.
        
       | kbrecordzz wrote:
       | Computers continue to work "forever" if you only use its own
       | closed system, like writing Word documents on the harddrive. It's
       | the complexity of the internet that makes hardware obsolete
       | today. The internet consists of too many parts working together
       | to make it profitable to focus on longevity and stability, the
       | focus on the internet is instead flexibility and broad usage. And
       | it's mostly the security standards that force us to buy new
       | hardware in the end. From SSL to TLS, to TLS 1.2 & 1.3, almost
       | all sites upgraded to the new standards and made old web browsers
       | not work to browse the internet with anymore. And if the newest
       | web browser your computer supports is one before 2014 (before TLS
       | 1.2), your computer is dead, because it can't visit the internet.
       | So it's mostly the software layer of the internet that makes us
       | not get "forever computers", and therefore "we" software people
       | maybe are the ones with the power to make a change here?
        
         | bcrl wrote:
         | It's the misalignment of software developers' interests with
         | those of end users that makes old systems unusable. Do we
         | really need web pages that stream 4 video ads on loading and
         | have another pop-up over top of the content the user requested
         | asking us to subscribe? I miss the simplicity of the old days.
        
         | anthk wrote:
         | I'm using TLS 1.3 based sites with Dillo just fine.
        
       | topherPedersen wrote:
       | I have several computers that are 40 years old. I think the
       | reason the old 80s microcomputers last so long is they don't have
       | any moving parts like disk drives that go bad (I've had really
       | bad success with the external disk drives I've purchased).
       | Unfortunately, I think the reason why computers and phones don't
       | last a long time now is because the companies designing the
       | phones, computers, and operating systems WANT them to quit
       | working.
       | 
       | The reason computers slow down and stop working worth a damn has
       | nothing to do with the hardware, it's the operating system's
       | receiving "updates" that make them quit working. I have a TRS-80
       | Color Computer running the Microsoft BASIC "operating system"
       | that Bill Gates wrote himself and it still works great 40 years
       | later.
       | 
       | And then the big issue with phones are the batteries. The phone
       | manufacturers know that the batteries go bad, so they glue them
       | into the phones so you can't replace them. Obviously if you
       | wanted the phones to last a long time, you'd make it to where you
       | can put a new battery in the damn thing. They also know that the
       | screens break, so they'd make those easy to replace yourself as
       | well if they cared.
       | 
       | That is nice you can take phones to those little repair places
       | and they seem to do a nice job replacing screens and batteries,
       | but they could probably design a phone where you can do it
       | yourself.
        
         | mfuzzey wrote:
         | One of the issues with user replaceable batteries is
         | waterproofing (IP rating).
         | 
         | My first smartphone was a Samsung Galaxy S1. It had an easilly
         | swappable battery which was great because time between
         | recharges was much shorter in those days so I had 2, one in the
         | phone and one in the charger.
         | 
         | But once I got the phone wet just using it outside in the rain.
         | After that it refused to charge for several days until it dried
         | out.
         | 
         | More recently I've dropped my phone in water and it was
         | perfecty fine with no drying time at all...
        
           | pdimitar wrote:
           | Sounds like a great and interesting engineering problem to
           | work on.
           | 
           | The corporations still will not work on it though, for the
           | exact reasons your parent commenter outlined.
           | 
           | I for one I am not convinced that we have to choose between
           | swappable batteries and water-proof devices. I say we can
           | have both -- but nobody in the business wants to figure it
           | out, for obvious reasons.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | We don't have to choose. Those phones exist, they just
             | don't sell well. Here's one you've never heard of:
             | https://www.samsung.com/uk/smartphones/others/galaxy-
             | xcover7...
             | 
             | We have to choose between swappable batteries,
             | waterproofness, and compactness. most people are more
             | concerned with waterproofness and compactness, and are
             | perfectly happy to have a phone where the battery is not
             | field serviceable.
             | 
             | Resealable waterproof cases that don't require adhesives
             | are less reliable and bulkier. Nobody really wants a
             | waterproof phone, with a replaceable battery, that has an
             | o-ring seal that can be defeated by a cat hair.
             | 
             | The phones do exist, but you have to go looking for them.
        
               | pdimitar wrote:
               | I wouldn't mind a Galaxy Xcover at all by the way, but
               | here's one more war the corporations push people away
               | from these devices: lack of software updates.
               | 
               | :(
        
               | mjevans wrote:
               | How about:
               | 
               | Waterproof phone* (excluding contacts for the battery and
               | 3.5mm audio ports, which can be submerged without long
               | term damage), and
               | 
               | Waterproofed battery* (safe to submerge, refuses to
               | discharge unsafely).
               | 
               | I, personally, would also sacrifice compactness for
               | robustness. I don't rock climb, but make a phone that can
               | survive a tumble of multiple 10 meter drops and rolls and
               | twists down a rock face. It must still be able to call
               | EMS. That spec sounds bullet-proof enough to survive my
               | relative's young kids worst antics.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | There's another one on Verizon USA right now[1]. Same
               | story: heavy, bulky, anyone who asks for it don't commit
               | to it.
               | 
               | By the way, I was really surprised to learn that US Army
               | special operations guys just procure whatever latest
               | models of Galaxy S2x in a marginally special plastic case
               | that clips onto a flip-down chest mount. If that's all
               | they need for parachute jumping and covert operations as
               | far as physical reliability is concerned, surely I am not
               | going to need any more hardening for my daily uses.
               | 
               | On the other hand, I sometimes see these seriously rugged
               | phones seriously beaten up appearing in used markets with
               | warehouse or heavy industrial factory style damages.
               | Clearly that's where IP56 protection is actually required
               | and proven.
               | 
               | 1: https://www.techradar.com/pro/phone-
               | communications/kyocera-d...
        
             | tourmalinetaco wrote:
             | The corporate excuse before was "no one would buy a brick",
             | now the excuse is "no one would buy a non-waterproof
             | phone". We have the technology to make a user-replaceable
             | phone with modern parts, just look at the Fairphone.
        
               | numpad0 wrote:
               | [delayed]
        
       | dave333 wrote:
       | Desktop PC hardware is sufficiently modular and easy to upgrade.
       | It would be nice if upgrades were add-on rather than throwing
       | away the replaced module(s) but HW changes so fast it's almost
       | never worth it. Software could be improved to make things longer
       | lasting such as make clean install trivial with good separation
       | of user vs system data. I recently added an SSD and made my old
       | HDD the G: drive but the new instance of Windows on the SSD did
       | not consider the new SSD userid with the same name as the old HDD
       | userid to be the same user and so accessing the old files became
       | a file sharing nightmare. Also the old HDD drive started taking
       | forever for reboot file system checks and I had to just
       | disconnect it. So now I am wading through all my old backups
       | trying to figure out what is what.
        
       | rjakobsson wrote:
       | I really vibe with the author's vision: an offline-first
       | computer, made to last.
        
       | miohtama wrote:
       | Voyager is still going, qndand has a computer by very early
       | definition.
        
       | falcolas wrote:
       | An excuse to link one of my favorite NASA/Honeywell slideshows:
       | 
       | https://c3.ndc.nasa.gov/dashlink/static/media/other/Observed...
       | 
       | The long story short is that there are byzantine failure methods
       | which prevent a 50 year computer. A sample:
       | 
       | - Capacitors can act as bullets
       | 
       | - Forced air cooling creating water
       | 
       | - The smaller the parts, the greater the chance they'll transmute
       | to another part. Even, or especially in solid state parts.
       | 
       | - Digital isn't (i.e. 1 isn't really full voltage, and 0 isn't
       | really no voltage).
       | 
       | - Thermal expansion matters, even for ICs on a board.
       | 
       | - Wire length, and the position of sensors on that wire, matters.
       | 
       | A 50 year computer would probably have to be one in which each
       | part can and is replaced on a schedule. And the faster the
       | computer is, the more often parts would need to be replaced.
       | Additionally, if we want 100% uptime there would also have to be
       | sufficient redundancies to ensure that the computer could
       | continue operating during failures or replacements of components.
        
         | mjevans wrote:
         | The 'survivor bunker' control computer that has maintenance
         | every 5, even 10, years does have a different specification
         | than one that must survive untouched, 'mothballed', for 50+
         | years and still work properly. In both cases I would prefer a
         | standard modular interface, ideally a presently popular one
         | like USB-A since I doubt it'll be a while before that's
         | completely phased out. Even then it'll be someone's hobby
         | project to have a not-quite off the shelf adapter.
        
       | FuriouslyAdrift wrote:
       | MOCAS is still going from 1958... Hardware has been updated a few
       | times and it currently runs on a IBM 2098 model E-10 mainframe
       | (2008?)
       | 
       | https://www.technologyreview.com/2015/08/06/166822/what-is-t...
        
       | gchadwick wrote:
       | I find it odd the author spends lots of time talking about
       | vintage typewriters but then fails to consider vintage computers
       | which can give some real life examples of computers that are
       | still usable almost 50 years on from their original release. E.g.
       | the Commodore 64, lots of working examples still around and now
       | 42 years since first release.
       | 
       | Certainly a C64 is highly restrictive compared to a modern
       | machine and were one to specifically build a computer to last 50
       | years it's not where you'd start but surely a machine that has
       | actually lasted almost 50 years and remains usable has things to
       | teach you about long lasting computer design.
       | 
       | In particular interesting to see how open source fits in. The
       | modern C64 ecosystem has plenty of tools and utilities that do
       | use open source software and hardware (e.g. the Kung Fu Flash
       | cartridge: https://github.com/KimJorgensen/KungFuFlash) but
       | plenty of the core software, that actually runs on the machine,
       | is proprietary software the source is long gone for. It's still
       | around because of archivists and pirates and can continue to be
       | used because the original copyright holders don't care to enforce
       | their copyrights. So is open source actually a core item as the
       | author asserts or just a nice to have? Having the software be
       | archived and easily available later was the key. Along with
       | simplicity, you just run the monolithic binary, there's no
       | dependencies and the software is sufficiently simple that hacking
       | around with the raw binary is perfectly feasible.
        
         | gchadwick wrote:
         | Thinking about it the Apple II is a better example here, for
         | one thing it's yet older (47 years). However I don't personally
         | posses one nor have I ever used one so I concentrated on the
         | C64.
         | 
         | The author talks about doing timeless activities well. You can
         | still word process, do spreadsheets and program on an Apple II.
         | Probably meets the author's 'sturdy and resilient' requirements
         | as well as being a 'heavier and well-designed object'.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | _> So is open source actually a core item as the author asserts
         | or just a nice to have?_
         | 
         | I think there's a difference in terms here. Having a computer
         | that lasts for 50 years doesn't necessarily mean that you want
         | a computer that is forever unchanging, frozen in amber. You
         | should be _able_ to upgrade a long-term computer, if you want
         | to (including the software); the point is just that you don 't
         | _have_ to upgrade.
         | 
         | For the "frozen in amber" use case, sure, you could just pirate
         | the proprietary stuff and hope to fly under the radar. But for
         | the living use case, you need open source, even if that's based
         | on some decompiled proprietary code.
        
         | ndiddy wrote:
         | The C64 ROM source code hasn't been lost (it's here:
         | https://github.com/mist64/cbmsrc) but I would count it as
         | "source available" because it's not freely licensed (I believe
         | Cloanto owns the copyright to it).
        
         | xeox538 wrote:
         | 30 years running now, but probably would run another 20. Does
         | this count?
         | 
         | https://www.popularmechanics.com/technology/infrastructure/a...
        
       | S_A_P wrote:
       | I'm going on 7 years with my iMac Pro now and it's still more
       | than enough for my uses. (Audio recording/production) I am hoping
       | to get 3 more years out of it if possible. We'll see if Apple
       | lets that happen.
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | If you do that work professionally, optimizing solely for capex
         | while ignoring opex and the cost of business interruption, is
         | not sound.
        
       | anthk wrote:
       | >But this permanent connectivity is a choice. We can design a
       | computer to be offline first. Once connected, it will synchronise
       | everything that needs to be: mails will be sent and received,
       | news and podcasts will be downloaded from your favourite websites
       | and RSS, files will be backuped, some websites or gemini pods
       | could even be downloaded until a given depth. This would be
       | something conscious. The state of your sync will be displayed
       | full screen. By default, you would not be allowed to use the
       | computer while it is online. You would verify that all the sync
       | is finished then take the computer back offline. Of course, the
       | full screen could be bypassed but you would need to consciously
       | do it. Being online would not be the mindless default.
       | 
       | Offpunk. Slrn with slrnpull and mutt +mbsync/msmtp. Heaven.
       | 
       | Offpunk:
       | 
       | https://sr.ht/~lioploum/offpunk/
        
       | dave333 wrote:
       | In the 1980s AT&T was designing cabinet-sized minicomputers that
       | would have less than 2 hours downtime in 40 years and went to
       | great lengths to enable software update without reboot (functions
       | accessed via transfer vectors) and ability to survive and
       | continue running through earthquakes. These are still running I
       | gather as part of various phone switching systems 4ESS, 5ESS
       | although the hardware has been "reengineered."
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3B_series_computers .
        
       | tony-allan wrote:
       | This is a great thought experiment!
       | 
       | The design goal is to build a computer that lasts 50 years. To me
       | this implies a design that is modular and repairable and possibly
       | not based on something you can buy today. I don't want to base my
       | computer on the products that existed 50 years ago or the
       | products I can buy today.
       | 
       | What would I give up in order to get a computer (hardware and
       | software) that lasts 50 years? Size, weight, speed, complexity.
       | Sure.
       | 
       | We now know a lot about change so I need a device that accounts
       | for almost every technology that I use today to have evolved
       | significantly. So I need some long term features.
       | 
       | I want to think in terms of modules, which may be independent
       | physical things. I also want a case to put it all in.
       | 
       | Over the next 50 years I (and my grandchildren) need to be able
       | to repair and replace any part that breaks and continue to evolve
       | the modules that I use, the case and the way the modules interact
       | with each other. My needs will continue to evolve. The rest of
       | the world will continue to evolve around me and I still want to
       | interact with it and its services.
       | 
       | I think some things are constant. I need power; a way to input
       | data; process and store it; usefully share it with others; and a
       | way to output that data.
       | 
       | My modules may therefore include a keyboard, some sort of
       | pointing device and potentially other input devices in the
       | future; a power supply; a bunch of CPU's for various purposes in
       | one or more modules; a set of storage and archive devices;
       | networking; one or more output devices, perhaps a screen or two.
       | 
       | Perhaps the most important thing is an idea, philosophy and a
       | clear idea of what I want the device to do. The article talks
       | about typewriters which are clear on each of these points. I also
       | like the idea that I will need an emotional investment in
       | whatever I end up with.
       | 
       | If I wanted to experiment today I would start with a bunch of
       | Raspberry Pi's and their kindred microcontrollers. Each of my
       | modules would contain one or more of these devices. I would pick
       | a set of connection standards. I don't know where the idea's go
       | from there but it would be fun to find out!
        
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