[HN Gopher] An e-waste dumping ground
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       An e-waste dumping ground
        
       Author : andsoitis
       Score  : 205 points
       Date   : 2024-10-07 12:30 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.npr.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.npr.org)
        
       | Mistletoe wrote:
       | This is really heartbreaking to see and dystopian.
        
         | worldsayshi wrote:
         | It is indeed heartbreaking. But I don't see moral outrage
         | solving the issue any time soon. People will rather forget
         | about this reality than stop the consumption.
         | 
         | If anyone wants to actually work towards solving the issue they
         | should probably go there and try to invest in ways to clean up
         | the practice. Better tools, better profitability. Education.
         | Etc.
        
           | greedylizard wrote:
           | > go there and try to invest in ways to clean up the
           | practice.
           | 
           | You think the problem that needs to be solved is "there"?
           | This sentence makes me question whose consumption you're
           | referring to in the previous sentence.
        
             | XorNot wrote:
             | It is literally only there. This problem exists because the
             | governments of these places allow it to happen. The reason
             | it doesn't happen here is because we have strong
             | environmental regulations _here_.
        
               | ta988 wrote:
               | For now
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | "Strong environmental regulations" would make it
               | impossible to just ship to someone without.
        
             | worldsayshi wrote:
             | Solve the problem at whatever junction that is exposed for
             | a solution is my point. Being outraged about stuff seems to
             | not magically solve problems. Rather it often has a similar
             | effect as ruminating about problems when being depressed.
             | It often enforces the idea that the problem is somehow
             | unsolvable.
             | 
             | Not saying outrage doesn't have a place. Just that other
             | means might be more efficient.
        
           | BirAdam wrote:
           | A bit of a controversial take, but I think the reason that
           | this won't get solved is the AGW movement. Rather than
           | addressing things like pollution, waste, strip mining,
           | environmental toxicity, and so on the green movement was
           | hijacked to care about a single aspect of environmentalism
           | because rich people could get even richer trading carbon
           | futures.
        
             | worldsayshi wrote:
             | > movement [X] was hijacked to care about a single aspect
             | of [Y]
             | 
             | I think this is a symptom of a larger issue that has
             | nothing to do with environmentalism. Global cultural
             | consciousness is getting more centralized. There isn't as
             | much room on any particular agenda for multiple facets of
             | any one issue when everything is being bottle necked
             | through a much more centralized cultural sphere.
        
           | beepbooptheory wrote:
           | What is this thing that is both heartbreaking but without any
           | reason for outrage? Like getting rejected from the school
           | dance?
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | Trillion-dollar companies that produce this crap are sitting
         | back in their skyscrapers saying "not our problem, something-
         | something _the market_ "
        
       | carlgreene wrote:
       | It's so easy to just mindlessly want and consume until you see
       | pictures like these. They show that although my streets are
       | pristine, with everyone having the latest "stuff", it's really
       | only possible because we sweep all of the "bad stuff" under the
       | proverbial rug
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | > It's so easy to just mindlessly want and consume until you
         | see pictures like these
         | 
         | It's still incredibly easy.
         | 
         | If you could magically make every person in the United States
         | look at these photos for 30 minutes, nothing would change about
         | how we live and consume.
         | 
         | All that matters _is_ that my streets are pristine.
        
           | maeil wrote:
           | This is of course untrue, given that we know that there are
           | people who have changed their behaviour after learning about
           | realities through articles such as this one. And a huge
           | percentage of people still haven't learned about them. In
           | one's highly-educated HN-reading savvy bubble, it might be
           | easy to assume that surely by now everyone knows the
           | realities, has seen all of them, and if they behave a certain
           | way it's simply due to the degree to which they care.
           | 
           | I've been prone to such biases myself, but the truth is very
           | different. Billions of people, including hundreds of millions
           | in wealthy regions, still simply do not know about this. They
           | genuinely do not know that e.g. plastic recycling is a
           | fantasy. They have not seen these images. Of course, many
           | have and just don't care as long as their streets are
           | pristine - the people you're talking about very much exist.
           | But there's even more people who are simply unaware.
           | 
           | It's very easy to take a nihilist view that nothing matters,
           | as it completely absolves oneself of any potential
           | responsibility whatsoever. But it doesn't reflect reality.
        
             | paulcole wrote:
             | > It's very easy to take a nihilist view that nothing
             | matters, as it completely absolves oneself of any potential
             | responsibility whatsoever
             | 
             | No! I actually do take personal responsibility by:
             | 
             | * Living in a small apartment in a dense city
             | 
             | * Never having driven a car - I never even learned to drive
             | 
             | * Never flying in an airplane - last flight was 10+ years
             | ago and have no plans to fly again
             | 
             | * Eating a plant-based diet
             | 
             | * Not ever having kids
             | 
             | But I will concede that none of those things matter.
             | 
             | > This is of course untrue, given that we know that there
             | are people who have changed their behaviour after learning
             | about realities through articles such as this one.
             | 
             | That is neat! People in general will not change their
             | behavior.
        
             | yowzadave wrote:
             | I don't think GP is saying nothing matters, they are
             | objecting to the idea that the way to make systemic change
             | happen is to convince individuals to change personal
             | behaviors through moral persuasion.
             | 
             | We have, however, had some success at taking collective
             | action; compare trying to convince individuals to make a
             | moral decision not to use disposable technologies with a
             | regulation that requires manufacturers to make their
             | products repairable/recyclable/etc.
        
         | delfinom wrote:
         | To be fair, part of the feel good for consume is the recycling
         | centers in the west that are largely complete scams. Because
         | they just aggregate the waste to ship to the third world for
         | """"recycling""""
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | The West or America? I don't think we are in any way perfect
           | in Europe but it does feel like we have a better handle on
           | this stuff than the US.
        
             | andsoitis wrote:
             | See
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_waste_in_Africa
        
         | artursapek wrote:
         | This is why the "MKBHD" etc type youtubers who worship "new
         | tech" and do unboxing videos have always bothered me.
        
           | y-curious wrote:
           | Wait til you find out about disposable vaporizers people buy
           | in the states, use up in a week, and throw out. Those don't
           | even get a chance to be recycled, and they're a relatively
           | complex electronic.
        
             | artursapek wrote:
             | I live in the US. Those are insane. I can't believe how
             | quickly they became normal. Not only will they definitely
             | cause cancer, but they are a cancer on the planet too. And
             | they're marketed like toys.
        
               | ulrikrasmussen wrote:
               | From a health and harm reduction perspective they are
               | probably saving lives by replacing cigarette smoke which
               | is much more harmful. But I agree that from an
               | environmental perspective they are much worse. Perfectly
               | good Li-ion are thrown in the trash which is insane.
               | 
               | I don't understand why people buy these. I don't vape,
               | but it is my understanding that you can get reusable
               | vapes with cartridges that are very easy to replace, and
               | which are probably more enjoyable to use.
        
               | artursapek wrote:
               | We have no idea how their health effects compare to
               | cigarettes, they're too new.
               | 
               | People should just smoke pure tobacco (pipes, cigars) but
               | those are too inconvenient.
        
               | kortex wrote:
               | There's no world in which atomized nicotine,
               | glycol/glycerin, and some flavors, is comparable, let
               | alone worse, than inhaling smoldering tobacco leaves.
               | Even the purest, organic tobacco made from the nicest
               | leaves lovingly collected by happy family farmers, is
               | still gonna give you cancer if you burn it and inhale the
               | smoke. That's just chemistry.
               | 
               | The only exception is if the vape juice contains
               | something it "shouldn't", like the vitamin E acetate
               | debacle, but if you put the same wrong things in tobacco,
               | you get the same issue. This problem is avoided entirely
               | with a verified source of ingredients.
               | 
               | Partial combustion products will always contain, at
               | minimum, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, a verified
               | carcinogen. The hotter the conditions, the more complex
               | the precursors, and the more incomplete the reaction is,
               | the more nasty junk you will create. Vaping might or
               | might not be bad, but the chemistries of smoking includes
               | the full set of chemistries of vaping, and then way way
               | more, due to the incomplete combustion of the much larger
               | molecules in plant matter.
               | 
               | Bottom line: probably don't put the volatile reaction
               | products of substances heated above 100degC into your
               | lungs: tobacco smoke, vape, campfire smoke, car exhaust,
               | brake dust, etc. But some reactants are far worse than
               | others.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | > From a health and harm reduction perspective they are
               | probably saving lives by replacing cigarette smoke which
               | is much more harmful.
               | 
               | There is some evidence that they are used by people who
               | never smoked, though. The smoking reduction seems like a
               | convenient excuse for these companies. In actual fact
               | smokers or former-smokers is a limited and dwindling
               | market. They want to expand aggressively, notably in
               | younger populations.
        
               | dml2135 wrote:
               | As someone who recently quit vaping I can shed some
               | light.
               | 
               | My understanding is that the FDA recently banned flavored
               | vapes, however the wording of the rule made some
               | reference to the ban being for "cartridge-based" vapes,
               | presumably to target Juul over roll-your-own-vape-juice
               | type systems.
               | 
               | This lead to a loophole where the disposable vapes, being
               | disposable and not cartridge based, can be flavored.
        
               | y-curious wrote:
               | I bet you, with the advent of the FDA banning flavored
               | products, we will see the same for form factors. The
               | pleasant-looking disposable vapes are neon colors and
               | look like toys, just like you said.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | A few videos have already been made about harvesting those
             | for free rechargeable batteries.
        
             | runjake wrote:
             | I only know about these from seeing them on the ground, in
             | the streets, and in bushes everywhere.
        
         | piva00 wrote:
         | I can consume less, give new life to old electronics, etc. and
         | seeing these pictures validates the feeling I have for it.
         | 
         | At the same time it just makes me feel powerless, all the
         | effort I go through to not make this problem bigger is all too
         | small to have any effect, the powerlessness against the system
         | is real. I can change my habits, advocate for others why I
         | believe that's good but it all fall into deaf ears while the
         | incentives are there to just consume, throw it away, rinse and
         | repeat.
         | 
         | It just makes me exhausted while not feeling I've helped to
         | make the world any better, and in the end I still get flak from
         | the mindless consumers if I bring this up as it's a damn boring
         | subject to participate when one doesn't care about it.
        
           | karles wrote:
           | Morally, caring is the only option.
           | 
           | To many people don't value values or morals, and only
           | prioritize their own experiences. I find it hard to maintain
           | relationships with people who only talk about their career,
           | business and consumption, as it is hard to have any kind of
           | discussion about "we COULD, but SHOULD we" in regards to
           | purchasing the latest car, iphone, a new house etc.
        
         | bubaumba wrote:
         | That's how it always was. People were eating only the best
         | parts of the animal and dumping the rest. More over, the best
         | is converted mostly to sh*t and dumped too. Fish do the same.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | I would rather call this: the receiving end of planned
       | obsolescence.
       | 
       | The other end is... you.
        
         | exitb wrote:
         | A lot of the items on the pictures look like 15+ years old
         | equipment. People don't use CRT TVs or cassette decks, but not
         | because they broke down on schedule. Not saying that planned
         | obsolescence is not an issue, but even if a piece of equipment
         | serves you for decades, you still need a good plan on how it
         | could be disposed of properly.
        
         | tivert wrote:
         | > The other end is... you.
         | 
         | Not really. The other end is the manufacturers.
         | 
         | It's a pretty common pattern in capitalist democracies that
         | powerful business interests attempt (often successfully) shunt
         | responsibility away from themselves onto consumers, who _just
         | so happen_ to be in one of the weakest position to actually
         | affect a change.
         | 
         | It works because (in America at least) individualism is such a
         | powerful force that all kinds of social problems can get re-
         | contextualized into questions of individual morality, and
         | people won't bat an eye.
         | 
         | Also, from a PR standpoint, if someone _does not want_ to solve
         | a problem, it looks a lot better to acknowledge the problem but
         | insist on an unworkable solution (e.g. all consumers must
         | coordinate to change their preferences, so the manufactures
         | never have to bother themselves with anything beyond market
         | forces) than to straight-up insist the problem remain.
        
       | 4ndrewl wrote:
       | You can't throw things away. You can only move them somewhere
       | else.
        
         | riskable wrote:
         | Imbesi's Law of the Conservation of Filth: In order for
         | something to become clean, something else must become dirty.
        
           | tomrod wrote:
           | Reminds me of entropy.
        
         | schrectacular wrote:
         | Correct. Some friends and I started saying "throw it aways"
         | instead. I think it much better describes the actual situation.
         | It didn't really catch on, though I wish it would.
        
       | BirAdam wrote:
       | Yeah... In 2019, the world wasted more than 59.1 million tons of
       | electronics. That's the equivalent of around 350 large cruise
       | ships that are completely filled with e-waste. Most of it used to
       | be due to slow and/or bloated software, but more of it is now
       | batteries. There's also a bit of just poor manufacturing/design
       | where a device was never good, and therefore as soon as its owner
       | could get better he/she did get better.
       | 
       | Edit: and let's not forget the deprecation of older standards
       | like 2G and 3G cell networks, or the rise of USB-C.
        
         | imiric wrote:
         | Regarding batteries specifically, it should be illegal to
         | produce any device without user-replaceable batteries. The EU
         | is at the forefront of these initiatives[1], as usual, so
         | hopefully this trickles out to other governments.
         | 
         | Batteries in EVs are also a growing problem, for both
         | production and disposal. Hopefully we'll have similar
         | regulations there as well.
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.theverge.com/2023/6/24/23771064/european-
         | union-b...
        
         | FredPret wrote:
         | 59 million tons is a cube 390m on a side, or a square pile 10m
         | high and 2500m on a side.
         | 
         | It's a lot, but let's not hyperventilate.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> 59 million tons is a cube 390m on a side, or a square pile
           | 10m high and 2500m on a side.
           | 
           | It's also 118 pounds for every person on earth. That seems
           | really high for e-waste.
        
             | Supermancho wrote:
             | Not to nitpick since it's still in the same magnitude, but
             | I think it's more like 25.5 lbs
             | 
             | 118,000,000,000 / 4,640,000,000 = 25.4310344828
        
       | o-o- wrote:
       | I know a large retailer that sells electric screw drivers for
       | EUR19 a piece. I also know from the chinese manufacturer's
       | backwaters that it's deliberately designed to last for 12
       | minutes. That's roughly two years in the hand of an average non-
       | professional, who will probably go back and buy another since it
       | was so cheap.
       | 
       | These tools don't have a second-hand market. The expensive built-
       | to-last ones do.
        
         | nolist_policy wrote:
         | I don't know, I recently saw electric drills for EUR29 at Aldi
         | and to my surprise they used brushless motors! They will
         | probably last an eternity for hobbyist (minus the batteries).
        
       | imiric wrote:
       | This is awful on so many levels. These images should be postered
       | around the headquarters of all major electronics manufacturers.
       | They should be used in courts as prosecution evidence to force
       | these companies to comply with repairability regulations, and
       | force governments to enact stricter regulations and higher fines.
       | They can start by making planned obsolescence illegal.
        
         | XorNot wrote:
         | You have looked at a problem and proposed a bunch of completely
         | irrelevant solutions.
         | 
         | What happens when something is repaired? Components are
         | replaced and discarded. What happens eventually when the device
         | wears out? It is is discarded.
         | 
         | If we did _everything_ you listed, it wouldn 't even
         | appreciably change the volume of material discarded, since
         | eventually all manufactured items wear out.
         | 
         | And of course, what is missing in this little diatribe? _Any
         | solution to the question of what to do with discarded
         | electronics_. You aren 't solving the core problem.
        
           | imiric wrote:
           | /sigh Typical pedantic contrarian HN response...
           | 
           | Look, I'm not saying that this would solve all of these
           | problems. I don't even claim to have the expertise to propose
           | potential solutions. But speaking as a consumer, focusing on
           | the source of what causes them might be a good place to
           | start.
           | 
           | But I'm sure that your expertise and infinite wisdom must be
           | able to produce better ideas to fix this, which I'm eager to
           | hear.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | > /sigh Typical pedantic contrarian HN response
             | 
             | It is not pedantic or contrarian, though. The points they
             | are making are real issues.
             | 
             | The right to repair is important, but from an environmental
             | point of view it is not that relevant. Besides, what the
             | current demographic and economic trajectory of the world,
             | huge populations are accessing the middle classes, with the
             | associated increase in consumption. Even with perfect
             | repairability (which does not solve the issue of discarded
             | parts or plain broken devices, the amount of which is
             | proportional to the number of devices in use), things
             | physically cannot get better. The best lever we have right
             | now is to reduce consumption. It's about as credible as
             | perfect repairability, but is much more effective. "Do we
             | really need these 6 phones, 3 computers, 2 cars, and
             | microprocessors in every light bulb" is a more pressing
             | question than "can I fix my phone with a torx screwdriver"?
             | 
             | Repairability is a good thing, but it is only part of the
             | battle, and not the most critical.
        
               | imiric wrote:
               | > The right to repair is important, but from an
               | environmental point of view it is not that relevant.
               | 
               | The quote was "completely irrelevant". How is that not
               | contrarianism?
               | 
               | > The best lever we have right now is to reduce
               | consumption.
               | 
               | Ah, consumerism. And what magical lever do we have to
               | reduce that?
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | > The quote was "completely irrelevant". How is that not
               | contrarianism?
               | 
               | That was a slight hyperbole. It is not "completely
               | irrelevant", merely irrelevant. Contrarianism implies bad
               | faith and knee-jerk reactions. They provided arguments,
               | which you are free to debate or question.
               | 
               | > Ah, consumerism. And what magical lever do we have to
               | reduce that?
               | 
               | Well, realistically? None. Not before it gets
               | significantly worse anyway. It's still more realistic
               | than getting out of this hole by repairing stuff. The
               | orders of magnitude are just not there.
               | 
               | Again, repairing devices is a good thing. But it's not a
               | panacea and won't solve that specific problem.
        
           | dahart wrote:
           | So what's the core problem, and what's your proposal to solve
           | it?
           | 
           | Your logic seems questionable. The article mentions discarded
           | components being recovered for their materials, e.g., copper
           | & plastic. And when something is repaired, by definition some
           | of the components are reused and not discarded. If it takes
           | twice as long to wear out completely, then the replacement
           | purchase rate drops to 50%. Why do you claim that's not even
           | partially addressing the core problem?
        
         | itishappy wrote:
         | What makes you assume planned obsolescence is at play here, and
         | not just regular old obsolescence? I suspect the two-decade-old
         | large-format CRTs on display in that shop aren't there due to a
         | lack of replacement parts.
        
           | imiric wrote:
           | I'm sure that it's _part_ of the problem, no? What percentage
           | of those tons of electronic waste do you think includes
           | smartphones from the last 15 years? Do you think all of it is
           | reused and recycled before it reaches these dump sites?
           | 
           | EDIT: Somewhere around 5 billion phones in 2022 alone[1].
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-63245150
        
             | itishappy wrote:
             | It sure sounds right to me too, but I'm looking at the
             | photos and I don't see _any_ phones. Actually, I don 't see
             | much I'd consider using, even if it were still working.
             | 
             | That's a problem too, but it's different from what you're
             | describing.
        
         | lesuorac wrote:
         | idk, that looked like an awful lot of ewaste and 0 car tires.
         | Probably just need to borrow the deposit system that car tires
         | use where you pay a large fee (not the 5 cents that plastic
         | bottles use) when buying tires unless you return an equivalent
         | amount.
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Have you not seen the pictures of giant tire dumps? They
           | exist. They also occasionally catch fire and blot out the
           | sun.
        
       | rraaffff wrote:
       | There's a BBC documentary by Reggie Yates "A Week in a Toxic
       | Waste Dump" from 2017, it is about the same Agbogbloshie
       | Scrapyard in Accra:
       | 
       | https://www.bbc.co.uk/iplayer/episode/p05dmmns/the-insider-r...
       | 
       | The BBC player only works in the UK, but you can easily find the
       | episode on Youtube.
        
       | farceSpherule wrote:
       | Who cares... Been happening for decades...
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | Trickle down economics at its finest.
        
       | roenxi wrote:
       | I'd like to see an arial photo of this site, because these images
       | paint an awful picture without actually showing us how big this
       | dump is. 15,000 tons/annum in one area shouldn't be all that much
       | in the grand scheme of things but the photos manage to make it
       | look like this is some sort of boundless hellscape.
       | 
       | I'd hazard the actual problem in this picture is Ghana's
       | GDP/capita being in 4 digit territory and not the badly disposed
       | of waste dump.
        
         | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
         | > I'd hazard the actual problem in this picture is Ghana's
         | GDP/capita being in 4 digit territory and not the badly
         | disposed of waste dump.
         | 
         | But if Ghana became a wealthy country and chose not to accept
         | this waste, it will end up in the next one.
         | 
         | The waste exists regardless, and the economic incentive for the
         | original market "export" it, that is, hide the problem, and the
         | receiving country to reluctantly accept it for some other
         | consideration, whether it be money or state aid or tariff-free
         | export of something else, will always exist while the waste
         | does.
         | 
         | Re: "badly disposed of waste dump", the difference between this
         | and landfill anywhere in the west is largely just the soil on
         | top. Staggering amounts of recyclable and dangerous stuff still
         | gets thrown away in inappropriate ways right near where you
         | live, I imagine. And if the global North exports waste to the
         | global South, sooner or later the scale almost inevitably
         | overwhelms the receiver.
        
           | roenxi wrote:
           | There are a finite number of poor countries. At the rate
           | wealth is being generated it is conceivable that they all get
           | wealthy enough that the waste gets handled well.
           | 
           | And this stuff all started out in heavy metals deposits, it
           | is already present underground somewhere. The only real
           | question is how serious the effects on humans are with any
           | method of disposal. It isn't at all clear there is a problem
           | as long as it is buried fairly deep and not leeching into the
           | water table.
        
             | throwgfgfd25 wrote:
             | > There are a finite number of poor countries.
             | 
             | This is a bit of an imaginary solution to the problem, is
             | it not? And there will always be poor_er_ countries, which
             | is the thrust of my point.
             | 
             | The economic incentive does not go away. Not least because
             | it is clearly _already_ cheaper to float it away on a huge
             | boat than bury it where it is used.
             | 
             | One problem is land cost: it's extremely difficult to
             | safely build new houses on top of landfill. But that
             | doesn't explain everything, does it? After all the USA has
             | plenty of room to bury all its consumer waste. Why is it
             | exporting it?
             | 
             | > And this stuff all started out in heavy metals deposits,
             | it is already present underground somewhere.
             | 
             | It does not start out all in one place, though. It starts
             | out in small, dispersed concentrations of heavy metals, and
             | ends up all in a few giant landfills in poorer countries.
             | It's not clear what the risk is, but the lack of clarity
             | doesn't mean there's no risk.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> There are a finite number of poor countries. At the rate
             | wealth is being generated it is conceivable that they all
             | get wealthy enough that the waste gets handled well.
             | 
             | This waste was dumped. The fact that poor people moved to
             | the dump to make a living scavenging is a secondary
             | phenomenon. Without them it still would have been dumped.
        
         | _visgean wrote:
         | There is some drone footage here
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BdPGO6sfc3c, also google maps
         | has a good view https://maps.app.goo.gl/KwdiwCzF4sThGLVf9
        
           | deutschepost wrote:
           | The Maps view is insane. It literally has a garbage fire
           | going on during photography.
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | It doesn't matter how big the dump is, it shouldn't exist from
         | first principles.
         | 
         | Think about how incredibly worked out these devices are, how
         | many brilliant people worked to design them, to figure out how
         | to source the materials, how to combine them, etc... Miracles
         | of engineering they are. Everything planned out carefully.
         | 
         | And then you throw them away.
         | 
         | That's the idea. It's not an accident. The lifecycle of these
         | machines was designed.
         | 
         | It's fucking insane. The best you can say about it is that it's
         | not quite as insane as animal sacrifice.
        
         | slow_typist wrote:
         | Pictures are always taken from a very low angle and make it
         | look much larger than it is. Behind the electronics area there
         | is the riverbed. When you look at the picture, you might think
         | the ,,dump site" goes on and on. It doesn't.
         | 
         | Trust me, I visited the place in 2014. Of course I had read
         | about the place before. When I got out of the car, first
         | impression was that our driver didn't bring us to the right
         | spot. It is not that big actually. The waste was mostly
         | domestic then, judging from what I saw (CRTs for example).
         | 
         | Agbogbloshie is so much more than the processing of e-waste.
         | Think of it as a commercial area. There was a large market for
         | onions and other products. There were workshops where people
         | build gas stoves out of car rims. Dismantling cars was big
         | business. There was a Coca Cola Factory on the other side of
         | the road. The air quality was really bad but it was mainly
         | caused by burning tires, not cables. You cannot have tires
         | sitting around there because they will always catch water (in
         | any orientation) and therefore be a breeding bed for anopheles,
         | which is the vector for malaria as you may be aware of.
         | 
         | Over all, the people who worked with electronics, not only the
         | scrapers but also the people who actually repair and sell
         | things, where only a fraction of the people living, working and
         | trading goods there.
         | 
         | It might look different today. Government cleaned the riverbed
         | at least once in order to prevent floorings. There were also
         | attempts to move the onion market. Don't know if that really
         | happened. I am not saying everything was fine there. Working
         | with e-waste is dangerous. There are unhealthy levels of lead
         | and other things in the soil and in the people. But there was
         | neither the infrastructure nor the workers to process
         | significant loads of foreign e-waste. Even 15,000 tons per year
         | (figures thrown around then in western media where an order of
         | magnitude higher) is two heavy trucks per day.
         | 
         | I will post a few other sources later but have to sleep now.
         | But check this out:
         | 
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S01973...
         | 
         | One of the authors is a geographer at the University of Ghana.
         | Full paper should be available via your local library or sci-
         | hub.
        
       | wruza wrote:
       | Scavenging e-waste for components feels so cyberpunk.
       | 
       | Sometime someone designed an IC, lithographed it on a high tech
       | factory, soldered it onto a PCB and now it lies under your feet
       | like billions of other rusty sharp parts, as if they were potato
       | skins or plastic bags.
       | 
       | Just a few decades ago nations would start WW3 over this alien
       | technology dump. Now they try find cheaper ways to sneak more
       | waste into it.
        
         | ta988 wrote:
         | We did war over energy, now we burn energy just to find out who
         | can burn the most and give them a token (bitcoin) or get
         | neighbors to fight each other on which can get the biggest SUV
         | or sports car that guzzles like 2 or more optimized cars.
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | Working conditions in mines have never been great. These are
       | basically the mines of the future.
        
       | steviedotboston wrote:
       | I've wondered if it would be better for electronics to be just
       | thrown out in regular trash. I know they have some hazardous
       | materials in them, but when spread out in low levels across
       | landfills maybe its better than concentrating them in places like
       | this...
        
       | agentultra wrote:
       | This is one reason I believe "right to repair" laws are so
       | important. The environmental damage of producing the device is
       | already done. Make it last as long as possible. Reduce,
       | _reuse_... then recycle.
       | 
       | Re-using devices helps us also _reduce_ the number of new devices
       | needed... which is what probably scares the corporate oligarchy.
       | If we 're not buying new phones every couple of years how will
       | the stock prices keep going up?
       | 
       | Never the less, the devices we make these days can last a long,
       | long time. I've been repairing and maintaining iPhone 5's, 7's,
       | and 8's that are no where near their end of life. The iPhone has
       | a couple of small electrolytic capacitors which should have a
       | useful life of at least 20 years. And can be replaced! The
       | batteries and screens can replaced. These devices can last much
       | longer than we give them credit for.
       | 
       | But tech companies have been struggling to make it illegal or
       | difficult to repair for a long time. I've been seeing
       | photojournalist projects such as this since the late 90s at least
       | (longer perhaps). In North America we had a culture that valued
       | repairing and building things that lasted. It's as good a time as
       | any to push for this to return! Support policy makers that are
       | pushing for right-to-repair and environmental protection!
       | 
       | And pick up a new hobby if you are able. Support your local tech
       | geeks if you can!
        
         | echelon_musk wrote:
         | > Re-using devices helps us also reduce the number of new
         | devices needed... which is what probably scares the corporate
         | oligarchy
         | 
         | I agree with you. Reusing and repairing appliances flies in the
         | face of current capitalism. We don't need new models of phones,
         | laptops or cars every year. Sadly I'm not optimistic that we
         | will be able to dial back greed any time soon.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | We need to reinvent capitalism.
           | 
           | (Why does my phone need to be upgraded every year, while
           | capitalism is kept at version 0.1beta?)
        
         | yndoendo wrote:
         | Refurbish and repairing viable electronics does not help keep
         | Apple's, Google's or any manufacturer's stock high. Stock
         | spikes high when the news organizations can talk about all the
         | latest hardware and how sales doing well. Why would those
         | companies CEOs want to hurt their golden package before exiting
         | the industry?
         | 
         | One way to start penetrating right-to-repair would be to force
         | device unlocking after ownership, device payed off, and end-of-
         | life classification by the manufacture.
         | 
         | Next step would be for the manufacturers to require publishing
         | open documents for 3rd party support without having to sign a
         | NDA.
         | 
         | Both of those require reverse engineering. With camera
         | technology being so complex, this is the feature that limits
         | alternative OS usage with continual security updates after the
         | manufactures give up.
         | 
         | Maybe rephrasing right-to-repair as "consumer protection" could
         | help push it through better with less tech savvy consumers.
        
           | ToucanLoucan wrote:
           | Consumers aren't the issue. Consumer support for right to
           | repair is broad. The issue is the government doesn't give a
           | shit what consumers think the vast majority of the time,
           | they're bought and paid for by corporate lobbyists.
        
             | nickff wrote:
             | Consumer support for right to repair is broad, so long as
             | it comes at no cost to them. People don't want to pay to
             | fix things, and they don't want to accept any reduction in
             | performance either.
        
               | t0bia_s wrote:
               | Why would you pay same price for repairing a shoes when
               | you can get a new one for similar price?
        
           | AshamedCaptain wrote:
           | > One way to start penetrating right-to-repair would be to
           | force device unlocking after ownership, device payed off, and
           | end-of-life classification by the manufacture.
           | 
           | This would really not help much, unless there was some type
           | of PC-like ABI driver standard that could ensure that devices
           | could remain supported in operating systems without having to
           | "support" each device individually. And even then...
           | 
           | > Next step would be for the manufacturers to require
           | publishing open documents for 3rd party support without
           | having to sign a NDA.
           | 
           | I think this is even desirable in the PC world. I do not want
           | AMD publishing drivers for Linux; I want AMD publishing
           | absolutely free and complete specifications, possibly even a
           | reference implementation, and mandated by law.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | This is also why general purpose computers should not be
         | crippled by the manufacturer. Or at least there should be a way
         | to uncripple them.
        
           | agentultra wrote:
           | So many devices are general purpose computers that are
           | treated like a specialized device.
           | 
           | eg: modern games consoles. A Nintendo 3DS is an ARM11 board.
           | You can run Linux on it. Most people don't because it doesn't
           | look like a "computer." And because they wouldn't know how as
           | it takes a very specific skill set to make it work.
           | 
           | They do get reused a lot because gamers of that era tend to
           | value them... but a device like that could have tons of
           | useful applications to extend its life.
           | 
           | A fold-up computer with built in wifi that runs on battery?
           | Nice. With enough around you could run a low-power mesh
           | network in an emergency to keep communication open between
           | folks that are separated.
           | 
           | But such repurposing is far outside of most people's reach.
           | Especially when we're trained to think of these things as
           | products.
           | 
           | Phones are another one. An iPhone 5 could easily be
           | repurposed into a firewall or other application to extend its
           | usefulness and lifetime. It's a general purpose computer
           | crippled into being a product though.
        
         | hansvm wrote:
         | It's a software problem too. To have the same capabilities my
         | phone did when it was new a few years ago, I have to find 3rd
         | party play store backups to get apps with the right SDK to
         | install. The bootloader isn't unlockable. Samsung won't provide
         | updates. Google is actively hostile to providing apps which
         | work (both not hosting the working versions and abusing things
         | like their power over the signing keys to quickly deprecate old
         | Android SDKs).
        
           | grishka wrote:
           | > (both not hosting the working versions and abusing things
           | like their power over the signing keys to quickly deprecate
           | old Android SDKs)
           | 
           | Android SDKs aren't getting deprecated. The SDK available on
           | developer.android.com right now can still be used to build an
           | app that runs on devices all the way down to Android 1.5.
           | It's the developers who are dropping older Android versions
           | by raising the minSDK in their apps.
           | 
           | Google Play does allow the developer to keep older app
           | versions available for older Android versions. Again, most
           | developers don't do that.
           | 
           | Google themselves support older Android versions for a very
           | long time. Current versions of GSF and Google Play require
           | Android 4.4, iirc. This came out more than 10 years ago.
        
           | DowagerDave wrote:
           | yep - my old moto phone was fine, and I didn't add any new
           | apps or desire new functionality, but performance got so bad
           | over time to the point where it was unusable. There's really
           | no attractive business model today in maintaining modest
           | device usage over a long period of time.
        
       | superultra wrote:
       | I'm thankful I saw these pictures, if deeply unsettled.
       | 
       | We can't (just) take an individualized approach to a solution,
       | which is an artifact of the 80s and 90s when corporations and
       | governments shifted responsibility to the individual to recycle a
       | water bottle, for example.
       | 
       | It seems like the best solution is to impose a waste reduction
       | fee that is built into price that pays for ewaste reduction. This
       | could empower Ghanaians to build out this as a safer industry.
       | 
       | How much would that fee be? And who would spend the political
       | capital to enact such a tariff? That's the part that feels
       | impossible.
        
       | naming_the_user wrote:
       | Counterpoint to most of the posts here - I don't see this and
       | think "wow we should stop using things", I see this and think
       | "wow, we need to sort out governance / fix poverty".
       | 
       | A well run landfill looks nothing like this and these are in no
       | way a foregone conclusion of someone throwing away an old iPhone
       | 3 or whatever.
       | 
       | There is no more correlation here than with, say, Newton has the
       | apple fall and then we cut to scenes of firebombing.
        
         | yunohn wrote:
         | This not "well run" landfill literally exists because the
         | companies/countries dumping their e-waste here do not want to
         | pay for the "well run" ones.
        
           | naming_the_user wrote:
           | Sure, so let's make them pay for it, job done.
           | 
           | If I go to the loo and my water company decides it's cheaper
           | to dump human faeces in the middle of the M1 motorway than to
           | dispose of it properly, the solution isn't for me to stop
           | going to the loo, it's to force my water company to stop
           | doing that.
        
       | Workaccount2 wrote:
       | People should understand that proper clean electronic waste
       | recycling does exist.
       | 
       | This story isn't so much about "we need to stop consuming new
       | electronics" as it is "we need to ensure that electronic waste
       | doesn't end up being dumped on random impoverished towns in
       | Africa".
       | 
       | These guys are burning off the insulation from wires when there
       | are simple cheap machines that automatically strip it all off.
       | This is more a portrayal of extreme poverty than anything.
        
         | HermanMartinus wrote:
         | I second this opinion. Here's an older article which is less
         | dramatised and talks about attempted interventions such as
         | trying to get the recyclers to use wire strippers instead of
         | burning:
         | https://www.worstpolluted.org/projects_reports/display/107
        
         | Rinzler89 wrote:
         | _> People should understand that proper clean electronic waste
         | recycling does exist. [..] This is more a portrayal of extreme
         | poverty than anything._
         | 
         | That like saying "people should understand that eating cake is
         | also an option, you don't have to eat dirt".
         | 
         | Because then answer me why most e-waste dumping gets shipped
         | off to those impoverished countries instead of being processed
         | locally using the "cheap and clean" ways you mention, directly
         | in the rich western nations who are buying all those
         | electronics in the first place.
         | 
         | Throwing the blame back on the poor countries getting exploited
         | by corporate interest of rich western countries doing
         | greenwashing, feels like gaslighting.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | I cannot find any source that shows e-waste being primarily
           | sent to third world countries. It looks like it mostly goes
           | to India and China, if not processed locally.
           | 
           | And at least in India it doesn't look like a burning hell
           | hole of toxic waste.[1]
           | 
           | [1]https://namoewaste.com/what-we-do/
        
             | devsda wrote:
             | > Having long invaded Asia (Russia, India, China, etc.),
             | e-waste from Europe and the United States is arriving in
             | extensive quantities in the ports of West African countries
             | such as Ghana, in violation of international treaties.
             | 
             | This is from the first link[1] in the npr article. It
             | doesn't say that it is the primary destination but does say
             | that it is high.
             | 
             | 1. https://www.fondationcarmignac.com/en/ANAS-AREMEYAW-
             | ANAS-MUN...
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | "extensive quantities" is a meaningless term.
               | 
               | If we use the numbers from the article (250k tons) and
               | from the site your provided (62 million tons), "extensive
               | quantities" is 0.4% of e-waste.
        
         | lnsru wrote:
         | As an electrical engineer I am with you. There are machines to
         | cut the cables and shred printed circuit boards to smallest
         | pieces and recycle all the valuable materials. Even sort out
         | plastic enclosure parts or glass by corresponding densities.
         | 
         | But the world is run by greedy bastards who don't care about
         | anything else than their own pockets. That's how plastic gets
         | ditched in the ocean. That's how electronics get shipped to
         | this e-waste dumping ground. Or old ships end up in Bangladesh.
         | 
         | I red probably too many science fiction books about future
         | utopias, that the present makes me sad. Heck they can't get the
         | damn local commuter train line to run according the schedule in
         | apparently wealthy part of Germany. Just shaking my head.
        
           | pbronez wrote:
           | > There are machines to cut the cables and shred printed
           | circuit boards to smallest pieces and recycle all the
           | valuable materials. Even sort out plastic enclosure parts or
           | glass by corresponding densities.
           | 
           | I'd love to learn more about this. What's the state of the
           | art? How do the economics work out?
           | 
           | For now, I take my end-of-life electronics to the local
           | BestBuy. They have pretty good recycling standards, which
           | include attempts to reuse & refurbish devices:
           | 
           | https://www.bestbuy.com/site/recycling/recycle-
           | guidelines/pc...
        
           | fransje26 wrote:
           | > Heck they can't get the damn local commuter train line to
           | run according the schedule in apparently wealthy part of
           | Germany.
           | 
           | They manage in neighboring Switzerland though.. Less greed
           | and more pride for a job well done maybe?
        
         | blitzar wrote:
         | These guys are cheaper than the simple cheap machines that
         | automatically strip insulation from wires.
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | When I was in school there was some discussion of the product
         | lifecycle which included some engineering considerations for
         | recycling. It seems to me the consumer electronics industry has
         | become actively hostile not just to repair but also safe
         | recycling.
        
       | rrrix1 wrote:
       | https://maps.app.goo.gl/LS4xWeuewBqwUNuN9?g_st=com.google.ma...
       | 
       | That waterway is flowing directly into the ocean, and upstream
       | from a fishing village.
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | > "There's a whole generation of young people that are building
       | their society from e-waste work."
       | 
       | This is hard, dangerous, indecent work by any first world
       | standard, but it's still work, it's still opportunity, and it's
       | still an industry for people who otherwise might not have one. I
       | don't wish to see this kind of pollution and suffering exist, but
       | I also don't wish to take away something that despite its
       | awfulness is still someone's livelihood. Ladders need bottom
       | rungs. When they closed sweatshops in Bangladesh, the children
       | had to resort to prostitution.
        
         | hcarvalhoalves wrote:
         | This rhetoric is outdated by more than 200 years, when kids
         | worked at coal mines in 18th century Britain.
        
           | jl6 wrote:
           | And yet coal wealth was tremendously beneficial for those
           | communities. Kids-in-mines was ended by better labor
           | regulation, not by cutting off the source of the wealth.
           | Ghana has an amazing opportunity here. The world is literally
           | shipping gold to their doorstep. There has got to be a
           | solution that improves standards without cutting them out of
           | the loop.
        
       | DrNosferatu wrote:
       | The EU (and the US, and others for that matter) should increase
       | the compulsory warranty from 2 years to 5 years.
       | 
       | Not only it would reduce e-waste, but it would also
       | disincentivize the lowest-margin, sweat shop production.
        
       | ErikAugust wrote:
       | I'm a software idiot, but why couldn't you do the Goodwill of
       | Cloud Infrastructure? Build affordable cloud services out of
       | "junk" electronics?
        
         | crote wrote:
         | Total cost of ownership.
         | 
         | First you need to spend an absolute fortune on sysadmins to
         | hack together functioning machines from heaps of mostly-broken
         | parts. Then you need to deal with an admin nightmare as every
         | machine will be different, so you need to manage them as
         | individual machines rather than hundreds of identical clones
         | who all behave exactly the same. Then you need to deal with
         | tons of random hardware failures, none of which can be easily
         | solved by hotswapping a standard fan or harddrive you've got
         | lying on the shelf already. And to finish it off, you're also
         | using 5x - 10x more power for the same compute.
         | 
         | Whatever money you're saving on hardware purchase, you're
         | spending many times more on all the _other_ stuff. Free junk
         | electronics are just too expensive.
        
           | blitzar wrote:
           | Total pollution of ownership would likely be lower with new
           | hardware vs old when you take into account the higher power
           | usage vs lower performance.
        
       | penguin_booze wrote:
       | Dumping yards reminds me of a scene from the Office, where Dwight
       | says (IIRC), "humans are the only animals capable of this".
        
       | lr1970 wrote:
       | User swappable batteries will extend the life of mobile devices
       | big time. I am old enough to remember that you could easily pop
       | any phone's back cover and swap the battery.
        
       | adolph wrote:
       | I think one of the exciting byproducts of future long term space
       | travel is how it will change people's expectations of the
       | material world. Currently humans generate a significant amount of
       | material which does not have a downstream constituency, and thus
       | is stored, sometimes in less aesthetically acceptable ways like
       | the pictured scrapyard.
       | 
       | Since the topic of TFA is e-waste, many comments here promote
       | "right to repair" legislation as a panacea. I don't think that
       | "right to repair" addresses the root issue in a broad enough way
       | to make a dent. It only addresses a subset of material, operates
       | at hobby scale, and may mandate certain things, like socketed
       | components, that make full-scale automated recycling more
       | difficult.
        
       | BrandoElFollito wrote:
       | I like to buy (some) used hardware when I have need to.
       | 
       | Either the ones that people sent back because they thought that
       | it would be simple and was not (my Cisco home switch), or older
       | tech that is completely fine for my needs.
       | 
       | My personal experience is that when electronics work for two
       | weeks, they will work "forever" - I like someone else doing the
       | test :)
       | 
       | Of course it depends on the hardware. It will be different for a
       | switch and a UPS, or an SSD, ...
        
       | M95D wrote:
       | The article mentions repairing some of the electronics. There's
       | even a photo with something that looks like a repair shop. I
       | would buy vintage electronics and PC parts, but these guys are
       | not selling on ebay. So, where do they sell them after they fix
       | them?
        
       | t0bia_s wrote:
       | Yet, we made and buy crappy devices like Niimbot printers, that
       | are not working without proprietary app that collect your data
       | and asks for paying for using different, then default font. What
       | a wonderful e-waste.
        
       | ChrisArchitect wrote:
       | Ghana long been the example held up by reporting and exhibitions
       | of the global e-waste problem (alongside Tanzania, and China).
       | But one thing I've noticed in recent years' reports is a further
       | twist: as countries' policies have started to shift (and their
       | modernization/attitudes have grown perhaps), like in China for
       | example, they are increasingly re-exporting the incoming e-waste
       | further abroad to other Southeast Asian and African countries.
       | The continued global migration of e-waste as it were. :/
        
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