[HN Gopher] Studies suggest a drug-free nasal spray could ward o...
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       Studies suggest a drug-free nasal spray could ward off respiratory
       infections
        
       Author : PaulHoule
       Score  : 110 points
       Date   : 2024-10-05 13:38 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (medicalxpress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (medicalxpress.com)
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | > They have not studied PCANS directly in humans
       | 
       | Stopped reading there. As promising as it sounds, I'll be a lot
       | more interested when this is a product that's proven to work.
       | 
       | (Joke) Wake me when the human studies are done
        
         | GordonS wrote:
         | The article doesn't even say how long the protection lasts for,
         | or mention a single one of the ingredients by name. Doesn't
         | really give the reader much to go on :-/
        
           | emmelaich wrote:
           | Abstract says _PCANS suppresses pathological manifestations
           | and offers protection for at least 4 hours._. I 'd like to
           | read the full paper. Anyone?
        
         | mgsloan2 wrote:
         | Doesn't seem like its proven to work, but looks like it can be
         | purchased, called "Profi Nasal Spray".
        
       | EwanG wrote:
       | In mice, and also using a printed replica of a nasal cavity. It
       | will be a while before we even see human tests, and I'm sort of
       | curious how humans will respond to feeling their noses filled
       | with a gel...
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | I use a similar nasal spray for allergies (Becodefence).
       | Basically a physical barrier coating the nasal passages. For me
       | and my allergies, it's super effective.
       | 
       | Never thought about using it to block viral infections, but it
       | makes sense: coating the nasal passages with artificial "mucus-
       | like substance" so particles don't reach the membranes. Makes
       | total sense that approach also work for viruses.
        
         | Nux wrote:
         | Does it affect the sense of smell?
        
           | bbarnett wrote:
           | And, an artificial mucus makes me wonder if one feels as if
           | they constantly need to blow their nose?
           | 
           | Still, neat.
        
             | xelamonster wrote:
             | That was my first thought, sounds uncomfortable. Hopefully
             | you'd just get used it though and to be fair, it's
             | definitely less uncomfortable than dying from preventable
             | diseases.
        
         | btbuildem wrote:
         | Interesting! What are the sensations / side effects?
        
         | pkaye wrote:
         | I wonder if there is something like this in the US? As an
         | kidney transplant patient with immunosuppression, I've been
         | super cautious to being in crowds without a mask.
         | 
         | I feel like something like this might give me more reassurance
         | if I'm meeting friends and family at parties and events without
         | a mask.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | Beclometasone nasal spray is what you're looking for. It's
           | sort of expensive ... looks like $250-$350 per package.
        
         | Emoticon4032 wrote:
         | A couple of decades ago, I was on a commercial aircraft and sat
         | next to a man who occasionally puffed something into his
         | nostrils. It turned out that he was a researcher at Ft.
         | Detrick, and he explained that keeping your nasal passages
         | moist with saline spray helped to keep out germs. I've been
         | using saline sprays ever since!
        
           | tshaddox wrote:
           | That's one of the leading explanations for why flu outbreaks
           | are seasonal. Years ago I was rather surprised to realize
           | that we kinda just don't know.
        
           | AStonesThrow wrote:
           | That, I am afraid, sounds like utter BS. Consider the
           | mechanical action at play here. (If you will delve into gross
           | sticky nose stuff.)
           | 
           | First, nasal mucus is thicker, more viscous than saline
           | spray. It's produced in normal quantities by healthy people,
           | but that production increases when infections or allergies
           | happen, naturally.
           | 
           | By diluting mucus, and making it runny and watery, you're
           | going to defeat its purpose, which is to trap various debris
           | as you inhale, and stop it penetrating further into the nose
           | and body.
           | 
           | So now your mucus defenses are down, yet you've got a little
           | puffer in hand, constantly forcing saline upwards into the
           | nose, more powerfully than simple inhalations. That very
           | upwards and inwards motion is going to _force stuff into your
           | body_ that didn 't want to go there, including germs!
           | 
           | It's absolutely counterproductive and sounds like quackery.
           | 
           | Now, if you already detected irritation or allergies based on
           | foreign objects or germs, for example by discolored or
           | thickened mucus, or more than usual, and then you proceed to
           | carefully flush your passages with saline, Neti pot style,
           | allowing it to _drain away and out of the nose and sinuses_ ,
           | that would be somewhat effect, but you'd need to be careflu
           | that you're not forcing it inwards. I mean, that is exactly
           | what a runny nose is for during a cold. Don't thwart a runny
           | nose, just clean it away regularly and work _with_ those
           | natural defenses! UGH! (For that matter, don 't aggressively
           | attack mild fevers, because fevers are part of an immune
           | response, not the lethal brain-cooking threat we all fear.)
           | 
           | I wonder if this military researcher was consciously aware
           | that he was spreading misinformation to ordinary civilians...
           | hmm
        
             | orbisvicis wrote:
             | Airplanes bleed external air from the engines into the
             | cabin, which leads to an extremely dry environment.
             | Possibly dry enough to harden and crack mucus. Or perhaps
             | in dry environments the body just decides not to waste
             | water on mucus generation. I have no idea.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | This sounds science-y.
             | 
             | In fact, I use NeilMed, a commercial saline & bicarb powder
             | together with distilled water, and I know from past
             | exchanges on HN that lots of others here do, too. My own
             | doctor said it was fine and lots of her patients do it. The
             | solution runs out the other nostril, which is gross so you
             | do it in private.
             | 
             | I have very few colds, allergies, or sinus infections since
             | starting it, although it doesn't eliminate them all.
             | 
             | This Fort Detrick guy, though... that might be
             | misinformation. I use the spray once a day, twice if I have
             | a cold. Definitely not constantly.
        
               | AStonesThrow wrote:
               | > The solution runs out the other nostril
               | 
               | Exactly the key for this treatment, indeed.
               | 
               | Sure, in many applications, such as congestion where you
               | can't breathe, you'd need to break up the mucus and
               | eliminate it, without snarfing it in. Your solution
               | sounds wonderful for doing just that.
               | 
               | I happen to sport a full beard, and I'm rather pleased
               | with zero coronavirus infections in five years, not to
               | mention a low incidence of colds and influenzas. A beard
               | represents a man's unique natural defenses against all
               | enemies, foreign and domestic, of the respiratory and
               | digestive systems. Oiling, cleaning, and combing the
               | beard are integral parts of that defense.
               | 
               | But, simply Use As Directed, because as we've seen with
               | talc, oxygen, and religion, if/when people misuse/overuse
               | them, turns into cancer...
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | I should have mentioned that sometimes afterwards, some
               | solution drips out of your nose when you incline your
               | head forward. Super-embarrassing.
        
       | iandanforth wrote:
       | I will admit to following the swab-nose-with-neosporin protocol
       | following a previous mouse study with similar results. I use this
       | during travel and have had no short terms ill effects and caught
       | no infections while following it. (Not a doctor, not well
       | controlled, just a random internet guy).
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/research/coronavirus/publicatio...
        
         | ted_dunning wrote:
         | That also sounds like a recipe for inducing antibiotic
         | resistance in the staph in your nose.
        
           | ulbu wrote:
           | yes, really, don't do it. it's a danger not only to yourself,
           | but to others as well.
        
           | blamazon wrote:
           | I'm busy so I didn't read the paper - is there a reason to
           | use neosporin instead of petroleum jelly? In addition to your
           | concern, many people are actively allergic to the ingredients
           | in neosporin.
        
           | CyberDildonics wrote:
           | You think putting neosporin in your nose a few times will get
           | someone infected with antibiotic resistant staph?
        
         | dbreunig wrote:
         | Mice != Humans
        
         | scheme271 wrote:
         | Probably best not to do that. Neosporin is somewhat infamous
         | for causing allergic reactions and repeated use increases the
         | chances of getting an allergy to it.
        
           | johnohara wrote:
           | From the study, to your point:
           | 
           | > To assess the translational potential of the intranasal
           | neomycin approach in humans, we conducted a small pilot
           | randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study involving
           | healthy human participants.
           | 
           | > For the experimental arm (n = 12) > For the placebo arm (n
           | = 7)
           | 
           | > One out of 21 participants experienced signs of an adverse
           | event after 2 doses which self-resolved after a few days and
           | self-withdrew from the study early. Upon examination of their
           | medical record, it was found that the participant had a
           | history of allergic reactions to various medications (not
           | specific to study drug). Another participant's nasal samples
           | could not be used due to technical issues. All other 19
           | participants tolerated the treatment well and did not
           | experience any adverse events from the study.
        
           | iandanforth wrote:
           | This is a good point! I've got a few decades of tolerating
           | neosporin for normal uses so wasn't overly concerned.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | I wouldn't do that. All sorts of stuff will permanently kill
         | your sense of smell.
         | 
         | One common one (this keeps getting reinvented, then banned in
         | the us) is zinc nasal spray.
         | 
         | Zinc lozenges seem fine. Both are effective at shortening
         | colds.
        
           | nikolay wrote:
           | Only if it's zinc acetate, which is rare!
        
         | tambourine_man wrote:
         | Why not use an N95 mask? I use it on movie theaters, subways
         | and airplanes.
        
           | iandanforth wrote:
           | Yes, mask first, this is a second line of defense. (Again,
           | maybe, could do nothing or be harmful)
        
       | nayroclade wrote:
       | When I read about something like this, my first thought is
       | always, is this something we could have evolved ourselves? And if
       | so, what haven't we? Thicker mucus seems like something we have
       | evolved, so was there some survival trade-off, perhaps in terms
       | of general quality of respiration, that meant we didn't?
        
         | biosboiii wrote:
         | Evolution isn't nearly as perfect as you think it may be.
         | 
         | For an example, check your feet.
        
           | electronbeam wrote:
           | I'm looking at them, they're nice.. be more specific?
        
             | danielbln wrote:
             | Yeah, our legs and feet provide a pretty sweet and
             | effective kinetic chain. What's not to love.
        
               | adrianN wrote:
               | They start to hurt around year fifty.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | Hard to blame evolution for that given that reproduction
               | is much rarer after age 50.
        
             | pcl wrote:
             | Routing the plantar nerve around a bunch of ligaments that
             | swell with use seems like a pretty horrible idea, for one!
        
         | janice1999 wrote:
         | We have lots of defenses. Unfortunately viruses evolve a lot
         | faster than we do.
        
           | throwaway918299 wrote:
           | And our immune systems evolved before we had airplanes.
        
         | syntaxing wrote:
         | I forgot what scientist said this but "survival of the fittest"
         | is a misnomer and it's more about straight up surviving. You
         | need to have tolerable constant pressure for evolutionary
         | traits to propagate. Also, its very possible we already
         | developed thicker mucus than our ancestors millenniums ago.
        
         | dinfinity wrote:
         | I can imagine this (and thicker mucus in general) negatively
         | affecting olfaction, which is pretty important for survival.
        
         | smartmic wrote:
         | It is not so long ago since we are exposed to so many different
         | viruses. I think way to less time for evolution to be
         | effective.
         | 
         | Our ancestors a few thousand years ago still lived in largely
         | isolated, at least not as extremely mobile and transcontinental
         | communities as we do. And in terms of the number of
         | generations, that is so few that we can say we are at the very
         | beginning of an evolutionary development .
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | 61 million years ago, a branch of the mammalian family tree had
         | a gene break, called GLO. Since then, those mammals have been
         | unable to synthesize Vitamin C. That branch includes humans.
         | 
         | There's no upside to this. Vitamin C is crucial, it isn't
         | especially easy to get sometimes, and it would most definitely
         | improve survival. We just... can't make it. That's all.
        
           | rsync wrote:
           | "There's no upside to this."
           | 
           | Of course there is an upside to this.
           | 
           | We may not value that upside and we may not ever learn what
           | it is but ALL traits have _both_ benefits and costs.
        
             | wvbdmp wrote:
             | While I doubt that's true in general, I could fantasise
             | that this somehow, in a roundabout way, contributed to our
             | intelligence because it may have increased selection for
             | better vision, pattern matching etc. to gather (edible)
             | fruit.
        
       | arisAlexis wrote:
       | I am using iovir it has some read algae in supposedly does kind
       | of the same thing
        
         | eth0up wrote:
         | As is often the case, I'm unsure why you're d'voted.
         | 
         | There's a patented nasal product containing a modified
         | carrageenan which has had substantially beneficial results in
         | many subjects. When coupled with various (non-
         | prescription/natural) anti-xyz ingredients, it can be really
         | effective.
         | 
         | I've been making my own nasal formula for over 8 years, which I
         | discovered 7 years ago has been patented by one of the big
         | pharmas. It works.
         | 
         | There's a lot of potential here, and algae is definitely on the
         | list.
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | Care to share the details?
        
             | eth0up wrote:
             | Not sure exactly what you're looking for, but a cursory
             | search on the carrageenan nasal spray found this:
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8493111/
             | 
             | If I'm not mistaken, Betadine had a version that used
             | something else with the carrageenan, but it was removed
             | from the US market and I don't remember the ingredients.
             | 
             | As for _my version_ , the HN environment is a bit too
             | vicious to discuss my personal health methods. I've not
             | been in the mood for phatic intellectual combat for a while
             | now.
        
       | idontwantthis wrote:
       | > PCANS nasal spray could effectively block infection from an
       | influenza virus (PR8) at 25 times the lethal dose
       | 
       | A certain amount of influenza virus acts as a toxin and just
       | kills you?
        
         | jfengel wrote:
         | The paper says that 100% of the control group died. (This is a
         | mouse model and a virus specifically selected to be deadly.)
         | 
         | So, not "toxic", and not the usual LD50 that's often
         | misreported as "lethal". But still, the language seems
         | appropriate.
        
       | analog31 wrote:
       | When I saw "drug-free" the first thing that jumped to mind was a
       | placebo. Which would not have shocked me.
        
         | phony-account wrote:
         | > When I saw "drug-free" the first thing that jumped to mind
         | was a placebo. Which would not have shocked me
         | 
         | Because people dying of covid are just "imagining it"?
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | I hope you don't think that covid is imaginary.
           | 
           | The article explains well enough that "drug free" doesn't
           | mean inactive. So it's more a matter of what a "drug"
           | consists of.
        
             | hedora wrote:
             | In this context, "drug-free" should probably be read as
             | "they got permission to skip clinical trials, drug
             | manufacturing oversight, Drug Facts labeling laws, and so
             | on".
        
               | analog31 wrote:
               | Ah, then maybe "placebo" wasn't such a bad guess after
               | all.
        
       | pulvinar wrote:
       | The article doesn't say how the spray affects the sense of smell,
       | which I'd guess it diminishes or blocks. We evolved that sense
       | for good survival reasons.
        
       | asimpletune wrote:
       | I love the elegance of a simple solution like this to solve
       | seemingly much more sophisticated problems.
       | 
       | This is very good engineering imo.
        
         | drunkonvinyl wrote:
         | Modeled on (and improved) the booger!
        
       | OutOfHere wrote:
       | The article is useless because it says nothing about what the
       | active ingredients are. The corresponding reference is also
       | equally useless since it's paywalled. Nothing to see here.
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | You forgot the /s. Or at least I deeply hope you forgot the /s.
        
         | sampo wrote:
         | I think I found the preprint of the article. Of course, the
         | final published article has gone through some further editing.
         | Anyway:
         | 
         | > To ensure safety during daily or repeated use, PCANS was
         | meticulously designed as a "drug-free" formulation,
         | incorporating biopolymers, surfactants, and alcohols that are
         | listed in the inactive ingredient database (IID) or generally
         | recognized as safe (GRAS) list of the Food and Drug
         | Administration (FDA), and are present as excipients in
         | commercially available nasal/topical formulations. These
         | components and their unique concentrations were identified via
         | a highly iterative approach aimed at maximizing sprayability,
         | mucoadhesiveness, the capture of respiratory droplets, physical
         | barrier property, pathogen neutralization activity, and nasal
         | residence time.
         | 
         | > To prepare PCANS, gellan and pectin solutions were mixed in a
         | ratio of 1:1, followed by the addition of tween-80 (Sigma
         | Aldrich). The solution was then supplemented with benzalkonium
         | chloride (BKC) (Sigma Aldrich) and subjected to immediate
         | mixing by pipetting up and down several times. Finally,
         | phenethyl alcohol (Sigma Aldrich) was added, and the pH of the
         | solution was adjusted to 5.5.
         | 
         | https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2023.10.02.560602v1....
        
           | OutOfHere wrote:
           | They seem to already have a commercial product named "Profi"
           | with these ingredients, although the fact that it hasn't been
           | tested in humans makes me trust it less.
        
       | magicmicah85 wrote:
       | While cool, studies like this always remind me that we
       | deliberately breed and infect animals to see if they suffer and
       | die from the disease or the cure.
       | 
       | No need to remind me that without this we wouldn't have all our
       | medical advancements, it's just a sad footnote to all of modern
       | medicine, that's all.
        
       | havaloc wrote:
       | Shields up: "PCANS forms a gel, increasing its mechanical
       | strength by a hundred times, forming a solid barrier"
       | 
       | I wonder if it feels unpleasant
        
       | wojciii wrote:
       | Or .. you could use salt spray .. the kind of designed for kids.
       | Its just salt and water.
       | 
       | I stopped using other kinds of spray since discovering that it
       | fixes my sinus infections in a matter of a day or two.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | Yeah; my doctor recommends neilmed sinus rinse, in the little
         | squirt bottle and powder packet form factor. I keep a gallon of
         | distilled water in the bathroom. Problem solved. (Avoid the
         | maximum strength formulation unless you want to use osmotic
         | pressure to reduce swelling -- ouch!)
         | 
         | If you go for the carbonated mist spray stuff, note that you
         | get a lot less volume of water per dose, so it's a bit less
         | reliable (but much more convenient since you don't need to
         | worry about sterilizing anything).
         | 
         | Regarding the article: Unless you're using this when completely
         | symptom free (or have some condition where your sinuses are
         | chronically dry), there's probably already more crap in your
         | sinuses than you need. I'm skeptical of this new technology.
        
           | quercusa wrote:
           | On the other hand, don't think you can get away _without_ the
           | salt packet either. I think that 's worse than too much salt.
        
           | rcpt wrote:
           | Any information about nettie pot vs the squirt bottle you
           | use?
        
             | CodeWriter23 wrote:
             | Gravity vs. active pressure.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | That's it exactly for me. Squirt bottle seems more effective
           | than Neti pot, just because there's some force in the water.
           | 
           | You DO need the powder, though; otherwise the water burns
           | like hell.
        
         | gehwartzen wrote:
         | Same here. I find saline sprays and saline netipot solutions to
         | be very effective at preventing infections of taking hold.
         | 
         | If you want to boost the effectiveness I've found a few drops
         | op goldenseal extract also helps. It contains Berberine which
         | is a mild antibacterial.
        
       | squillion wrote:
       | COVID is airborne, it doesn't spread via droplets. It's not clear
       | whether this spray can also block airborne viruses or it only
       | works on droplets.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/indoor-air-and-co...
        
       | nikolay wrote:
       | Such spray [0] has been on the market by multiple brands and is
       | backed by studies [1]. It has a throat spray and lozenges, too.
       | There are some other patented variants with a different type of
       | carrageenan.
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.carragelose.com/
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.carragelose.com/en/publications
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | I remember reading a while back that your eye is actually a big
       | vector for getting viruses. We all touch surfaces and then touch
       | our face and eyes a lot more than we realise.
        
         | codethief wrote:
         | This reminds me of this absolutely fantastic podcast episode by
         | Adam Savage (of Mythbusters fame):
         | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=MzzD2F73iGU
        
       | jayess wrote:
       | I do a povodone/saline nasal spray rinse when flying. Then use my
       | navage to clear out my sinuses when I arrive at my destination.
       | Can't tell you if it works, but I historically have gotten sick
       | when I travel and I've noticed a reduction in getting sick since
       | I started this protocol.
        
       | emmelaich wrote:
       | So, internal disinfectant. Who'd have thought.
        
       | helph67 wrote:
       | Vitamin D daily may provide protection from viruses and skin
       | cancers. https://scitechdaily.com/study-finds-
       | vitamin-d3-important-fo...
       | 
       | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36580363/
        
       | hypochondricdev wrote:
       | If pure saline solution is too watery, couldn't I just add
       | hyaluronic acid to make it more viscous?
        
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