[HN Gopher] CERN trains AI models to revolutionize cancer treatment
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       CERN trains AI models to revolutionize cancer treatment
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 73 points
       Date   : 2024-10-05 12:12 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (english.elpais.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (english.elpais.com)
        
       | pmdulaney wrote:
       | Seems a bit outside their wheelhouse, no?
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | You mean like the web was also?
        
           | pmdulaney wrote:
           | Good point!
        
         | serf wrote:
         | model fitting and extrapolation from large data sets seems like
         | it would be _exactly_ their wheelhouse.
        
           | Kye wrote:
           | I always assumed ML was used in processing data from the LHC.
           | I don't see any other way to deal with so much.
        
             | superluserdo wrote:
             | It is and has been for a while, but most of the more flashy
             | and exciting developments in ML and AI don't have very much
             | applicability to LHC event processing. To be able to state
             | any kind of finding about some aspect of physics based on
             | the scattering of particles in the accelerator and their
             | decays in the detector, you need to take the background of
             | all events and make multivariate discriminants on the data
             | in order to enrich your signal as much as possible while
             | throwing as little as possible away. This requires you to
             | have a rigorous and verifiable statistical "paper trail"
             | from start to finish, so you can say with confidence
             | intervals how much signal and background you ought to have,
             | vs how much you measure in your data after processing it.
             | An overly broad black box doesn't really work for this kind
             | of introspection.
        
             | magicalhippo wrote:
             | Things like boosted decision trees have been used in
             | several instances, like this[1] or this[2]. Surely other
             | methods as well.
             | 
             | [1]: https://indico.bnl.gov/event/10699/contributions/53933
             | /attac...
             | 
             | [2]: https://inspirehep.net/literature/1665070
        
         | dan_linder wrote:
         | Considering LLMs are getting larger each generation, CERN is a
         | great place to investigate their applications.
         | 
         | The data captured, stored, processed, and evaluated after just
         | one of their more notable experiments generate petabytes of
         | data.
         | 
         | They know a thing or two that directly apply.
        
       | soared wrote:
       | I can't grasp what this is about. It starts saying it enables
       | hospital to store and process their data onsite (not really an
       | innovation in any way) but then later says the hospital computers
       | still contact a main server for analysis. So is this just on
       | premise data analysis ("ai") but also cloud?
        
         | jdylanm wrote:
         | Sounds like they use a method called federated learning. I.e.
         | each site can train a local model on their own data and then
         | share model parameters to a central entity that aggregates
         | several sites model parameters. Superior performance can then
         | be achieved (and also raw training data between sites are not
         | shared).
        
         | diggan wrote:
         | I understood it as this: Hospitals keep the data locally and
         | run AI analysis on-site. They then exchange certain parameters
         | (not the raw data) with a central server, which uses these
         | parameters to update and improve the model. The central server
         | doesn't run the models or process the data itself, it's just
         | used to refine the AI models that the hospitals are using
         | locally.
         | 
         | Someone please correct me if I understood it wrong.
        
       | nuz wrote:
       | Makes me think CERN has too much money
        
         | polotics wrote:
         | Projects get funding just like at any other public-funded
         | science institutions: with a lot of scrutiny and advocacy, if
         | you think these 153'000 CHF ($178'000):
         | 
         | https://knowledgetransfer.web.cern.ch/kt-fund/projects/novel...
         | 
         | ...is too much money, then I'm glad: you probably don't have
         | cancer!
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | Nope too little, this 1000x rather than 1% optimization and
         | data collection on ad preferences of tech giants.
         | 
         | CERN's side projects gave us WWW for example, so you could
         | write your comment.
        
       | woleium wrote:
       | What is that overhead power and... other things... device in the
       | image?
        
         | markedathome wrote:
         | looks like https://www.hohenloher.com/en/products/fly-one/
         | this, though it looks as though the CERN images might be on a
         | movable ceiling mounted track.
        
       | ilrwbwrkhv wrote:
       | This is what AI should be doing instead of ChatGPT stuff.
        
         | snek_case wrote:
         | Why not both? I think Claude is probably already more useful
         | and helpful than many doctors. It would be nice to one day be
         | able to just chat with an AI bot from home and get
         | prescriptions or test sheets delivered. You could add automatic
         | safeguards for certain medications or for drug interactions.
         | 
         | Obviously we're not there yet but many people in the world have
         | access to no medical care or only expensive and crappy medical
         | care.
        
           | OutOfHere wrote:
           | > chat with an AI bot from home and get prescriptions or test
           | sheets delivered
           | 
           | That would be a glorious day because most doctors are
           | spectacularly bad at it. It will never happen though because
           | the medical establishment is very protective, and will never
           | allow it if using one's health insurance.
           | 
           | Meanwhile, I have a corresponding Custom GPT that I find
           | useful: https://chatgpt.com/g/g-Myvb8o0yb-medical-lab-tests-
           | advisor
        
         | OutOfHere wrote:
         | Fwiw, ChatGPT can give reasonable cancer prevention advice
         | which should always be the focus for most of us. Also, tech
         | behind ChatGPT can be used to do a survey of a specific
         | cancer's main research using various RAG based tools or using
         | my free software such as
         | https://github.com/impredicative/newssurvey
        
         | vouaobrasil wrote:
         | Unfortunately, while AI has some helpful uses like this, it
         | will be used for trivial and even worse, nefarious purposes as
         | well. And I do think the nefarious will outweigh the good for
         | sure, but those who develop it and sell it to the highest
         | bidder will undoubtedly point to stuff like this to use the
         | emotions of the general populace to twist their perceptions to
         | ignore the nefarious.
         | 
         | A lot of technology gets entrenched using such mechanisms even
         | though its benefits are questionable. Genetic engineering, what
         | could go wrong? But think of the sick children?
         | 
         | Not knocking what these people are trying to do, but I do think
         | that if you add up all the positives and negatives of AI, the
         | negatives far outweigh the positives.
        
         | derektank wrote:
         | I'm not sure how much of it is hype targeted at potential
         | shareholders vs. reality but Moderna claims that they've
         | incorporated ChatGPT into their business processes where
         | they're using it to, among other things, predict optimal
         | therapeutic dosages for their drugs
         | 
         | https://investors.modernatx.com/news/news-details/2024/Moder...
        
       | greenyouse wrote:
       | It feel silly to say that AI is curing cancer. Normally a phrase
       | like that would sinal the apex of the hype cycle but I guess it
       | actually has some meat in this situation. Using AI more like
       | statistical inference to screen for medical conditions or predict
       | treatment could be helpful. I remember Jeremy Howard from fast.ai
       | did that with deep learning to detect things in medical images.
       | Seems like a good thing for CERN to do as long as it works.
        
         | Centigonal wrote:
         | There is a venerable pattern in academic circles of branding
         | your research with the language of whatever hype cycle is
         | currently active. The same research can be branded under big
         | data, computer vision, AI, or whatever else the current trends
         | demand.
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | Reading in between the lines it seems most of the innovation is
       | managing the regulations and privacy concerns of large
       | institutions who want to use shared AI models.
       | 
       | > offers hospitals its experience in managing huge amounts of
       | data in a secure and decentralized way, which is key to ensuring
       | the privacy and security of the private patient information used
       | to feed the algorithm. [...] uses a system to process data
       | locally without sending it to central storage. This helps protect
       | privacy and make better use of resources when different hospitals
       | work together to create reliable AI-based models
       | 
       | Which probably makes sense why CERN developed some expertise in
       | this area.
        
       | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
       | Is this really about CERN's skill or CERN's access? I bet many
       | startups could revolutionize the medical industry but lack
       | capital or access to patient data or access to customers (gate
       | keeping by hospitals and insurance companies and regulations and
       | so on).
        
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