[HN Gopher] Insider trader had all the answers
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       Insider trader had all the answers
        
       Author : ioblomov
       Score  : 140 points
       Date   : 2024-10-01 20:03 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | ioblomov wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/uMNA7
        
       | sfblah wrote:
       | Unpopular opinion, but I suspect this is actually how a lot of
       | hedge funds have historically outperformed the markets. The
       | amount of nonpublic data needed to get an edge is surprisingly
       | small.
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | I recall learning this lesson pretty early on. In high school,
         | the econ teacher ran a stock trading game - you get some
         | starting capital, you make trades, at the end of the quarter
         | whoever had the most got some kind of reward.
         | 
         | At the time we had a family friend that was working for a
         | company about to announce a stock split along with a very good
         | earnings report. He told me when to go all in on that stock,
         | and i did exactly that. The day after that split my portfolio
         | had more than doubled, beating the class record by a
         | significant margin. Said record stood until the teacher
         | retired.
         | 
         | Not sure if it was the lesson he meant to impart though since I
         | think most took away from it that to win you need to lie, cheat
         | and steal.
        
           | OrigamiPastrami wrote:
           | > Not sure if it was the lesson he meant to impart though
           | since I think most took away from it that to win you need to
           | lie, cheat and steal.
           | 
           | Better to teach reality than ideology, assuming you want to
           | be a practitioner instead of a theorist.
        
             | Scene_Cast2 wrote:
             | I like Margin Call's quote - "be first, be smarter, or
             | cheat".
        
             | paulryanrogers wrote:
             | Nothing ever bad happened when societies trade high trust
             | for low trust. No sir. All roses and sunshine. Certainly
             | worthwhile for me to bend or break any rule keeping me from
             | my best life.
        
               | OrigamiPastrami wrote:
               | Hating cheaters does nothing to change the reality of it
               | being an effective method for getting ahead.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | Only in narrow circumstances and only to a point. Or at
               | least that's my (limited) understanding of game theory.
        
               | OrigamiPastrami wrote:
               | You're a caricature of my original point and you don't
               | even realize it.
        
               | paulryanrogers wrote:
               | IME the reality is that trust erodes as cheating becomes
               | widespread. The consequences of less trust are
               | significantly higher costs and more stress and fear.
               | 
               | FWIW, I don't advocate blind trust.
               | 
               | Perhaps you meant to say we should teach the reality that
               | cheating exists and is bad; not to pretend it doesn't
               | exist? Or that it's hopeless to be honest and trustworthy
               | because some others may not be? Which leads to ... apathy
               | or more cheating and less trust.
        
               | OrigamiPastrami wrote:
               | I never said cheating is moral. I said cheating is
               | advantageous. You think cheaters care that they're
               | hurting society? You can't be a cheater without being
               | selfish.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | It would if said cheaters were socially ostracized.
               | Instead we make big budget movies about them, they get
               | famous, and then earn money from the newfound attention.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | And who's fault is that exactky
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Presumably people that break the rules in a high-trust
               | society, or at least those that enable the rule-breaking.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | So.... everyone?
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | Do you have a particular answer in mind, or a point to
               | your question? Yes, societal rules in some sense depend
               | on everyone enforcing them. But there are also
               | people/organizations/etc. with more power to fund or
               | support these violations of social rules, so presumably
               | they're more at fault too.
        
               | OrigamiPastrami wrote:
               | So your point is that if we fundamentally change society,
               | ignoring the fact that this is integral to human nature
               | itself, then we can fix this problem? That's about as
               | helpful as saying we can have peace in the Middle East if
               | we all just got along. It's comical how disconnected from
               | reality it is, and yet you seem to think people should
               | take it seriously.
        
               | keiferski wrote:
               | No, I'm saying that people have stopped enforcing social
               | rules and therefore cheating is increasingly a valid way
               | to succeed. That's what the point of the thread was
               | about. Lots of things are fundamental to human nature;
               | society is the process of controlling and channeling
               | them.
        
               | OrigamiPastrami wrote:
               | Fair enough.
        
           | mordymoop wrote:
           | I won a similar contest by being the only student who never
           | bothered to log into my trading account, thus keeping all my
           | assets in cash by default. The market had a down week, so
           | everybody except me was in the red.
           | 
           | I think the lesson, which has served me well, is to not make
           | short-term trades.
        
             | im3w1l wrote:
             | The lesson is that in a win/not win contest, you want to do
             | something no one else is doing. Maybe things go your way or
             | maybe they don't. But you avoid the risk of being narrowly
             | beat.
        
             | m3kw9 wrote:
             | short term trade is gambling unless you really have data
             | and speed that you know how to use. Most trader uses charts
             | and whats hot, the profits then runs on the greater fool
             | theory.
        
               | datavirtue wrote:
               | You can go long and sell if there is a significant
               | breakout. Then you hunt down the next value stock. A
               | return is a return.
               | 
               | If you got into Nvidia ten years ago you would have to be
               | dumb not to pull it now. There is market timing foolery,
               | and then there is just being realistic.
        
             | cael450 wrote:
             | When I studied abroad, I lost my debit card and had to get
             | it mailed to me internationally. I was down to nothing and
             | spent a week living off of rice and furikake.
             | 
             | What saved me is one of these trading contests for my
             | school's business club. I signed up for it and dumped all
             | of my "money" into playboy and forgot about it. Turns out
             | they won some big lawsuit and the stock spiked just in
             | time. First place was a $200 dollar fine. I had to have the
             | club president spot me the train ticket to go pick it up.
        
               | CalRobert wrote:
               | Just to be clear... It was a prize, not a fine right?
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | 3rd place in our class was a student who dropped out two
             | days into the stock game and never logged in.
        
           | koolba wrote:
           | > At the time we had a family friend that was working for a
           | company about to announce a stock split along with a very
           | good earnings report. He told me when to go all in on that
           | stock, and i did exactly that. The day after that split my
           | portfolio had more than doubled, beating the class record by
           | a significant margin. Said record stood until the teacher
           | retired.
           | 
           | That family friend seems like a complete idiot for passing on
           | that information.
           | 
           | Plus a stock split on its own has no change to the value of a
           | stock. There's no reason for it to double overnight. In fact
           | the direct effect on the price is the opposite as you have
           | twice (or K times) as many shares and each is worth half (or
           | 1/K). So the net effect is zero.
        
             | MassPikeMike wrote:
             | In theory you are right that stock splits have no bearing
             | on returns, but in practice it is well documented (see e.g.
             | [1]) that "stock splits and reverse splits often result in
             | short-term abnormal returns even though such split events
             | do not change any fundamental factors affecting the
             | valuation of a firm's stock."
             | 
             | [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167
             | 26812...
        
               | senkora wrote:
               | > We provide evidence that the incomplete adjustment of
               | share prices to splits or reverse splits can be
               | attributed to _heterogeneity in traders ' cognitive
               | abilities_.
               | 
               | What a colorful turn of phrase.
        
             | genocidicbunny wrote:
             | The split was followed by the stock very quickly regaining
             | it's previous per share value over the course of the
             | trading day, though maybe it was over the next week; this
             | was a few decades ago.
             | 
             | And i agree that he shouldn't have told me. A few years
             | later i actually told him something along those lines. I
             | appreciated it but he exposed himself to a lot of legal
             | risk.
        
           | randerson wrote:
           | I knew someone who won a similar stock trading contest held
           | by a radio station about 30 years ago. He put all his pretend
           | money into a low volume penny stock. Then in real life he
           | bought enough of that same penny stock to raise the stock
           | price substantially. He'd somehow calculated that the cash
           | prize would exceed the cost of manipulating the stock. IIRC
           | the stock price got another boost when they announced his
           | winning trade on the radio, enabling him to make a tidy
           | profit.
        
             | rjrdi38dbbdb wrote:
             | That's exactly how clients beat bucket shops as well. If
             | they don't set their risk limits low enough and fees high
             | enough, you can profit by manipulating the underlying
             | markets.
        
           | insidstwr wrote:
           | Is what he did there illegal?
        
         | avidiax wrote:
         | My mostly uninformed hunch is that much of the fancy "public
         | information" analysis that hedge funds claim to do to have
         | their edge is actually parallel construction for insider tips.
         | I've heard it claimed that some funds have flown helicopters
         | over oil storage fields to measure the shadows in the tanks to
         | know how much oil is stored, or bought satellite photos to
         | analyze the parking lot use of major retailers during the
         | Christmas season.
         | 
         | These things sound way too specific to just perform on a hunch,
         | and even then, you might get the analysis wrong if you don't
         | have the insider tip to check your math.
         | 
         | But it's probably enough to keep the SEC investigator from
         | having a case unless they find the insider link directly.
        
           | throwup238 wrote:
           | _> I 've heard it claimed that some funds have flown
           | helicopters over oil storage fields to measure the shadows in
           | the tanks to know how much oil is stored, or bought satellite
           | photos to analyze the parking lot use of major retailers
           | during the Christmas season._
           | 
           | This is really common and basically table stakes for
           | sophisticated firms now (those that invest in relevant
           | sectors). They track everything from parking lots to
           | freighters and oil tankers to crop yields via satellite
           | imagery and flyovers.
           | 
           | It's gotten cheaper with drones so more important areas like
           | major ports might get daily fly bys to track containers and
           | boat traffic. Some have static cameras pointed at these
           | things
        
             | Loughla wrote:
             | The only thing I can speak to is crop yields. Satellite
             | imagery S flyovers won't really teach you a lot outside of
             | a binary yes/no r field is alive.
             | 
             | The technology farmers use teams yields to the square foot.
             | I'm betting you can buy that from John Deere and others.
             | That's probably where they get that?
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | I don't know how effective the project was because I left
               | before it finished but we were working on using the
               | normalized difference vegetation index, normalized
               | difference water index, and a bunch of other data points
               | to try to predict crop yields.
               | 
               | Farmers might get that kind of stuff from flyovers for
               | the extra resolution but that was cost prohibitive for
               | our purposes except when validating data from the
               | satellites.
        
               | greenavocado wrote:
               | Yeah good luck getting accurate NDVI measurements down to
               | the square foot from satellites.
        
               | throwup238 wrote:
               | Luckily corn fields go on for miles so we didn't need
               | that resolution.
        
               | amarcheschi wrote:
               | This year in university I took a course where I had to
               | imagine creating a startup and we ended up mocking up an
               | agritech business that dealt with drones and satellites
               | data. We discovered that Sentinel 2, a European
               | satellite, has a resolution for ndvi that goes as low as
               | 10/20m. This improves nasa's modis sitting at a
               | resolution of ~250m.
               | 
               | Furthermore, this is free. There are companies providing
               | paid images with higher resolution from their own
               | satellites (Constellr comes to mind). I'm sure the
               | resolution isn't going to be exact to the square foot,
               | but for some cases you probably don't need such a high
               | resolution
        
             | FireBeyond wrote:
             | > major ports might get daily fly bys to track containers
             | and boat traffic
             | 
             | Shipping traffic has transponders these days, no different
             | to air. Don't even need drones.
        
             | nostromo wrote:
             | Don't forget the easiest dataset to use: they buy consumer
             | transaction data directly from Visa and Mastercard.
             | 
             | With that in hand it'd be pretty easy to know if, say,
             | Apple will beat or miss revenue for a given quarter.
        
               | irjustin wrote:
               | > With that in hand it'd be pretty easy to know if, say,
               | Apple will beat or miss revenue for a given quarter.
               | 
               | Wow, seems so easy! That's not how the market works
               | though. You've got to know if Apple's going to beat the
               | analysts' expectations of how Apple is going to do. All
               | the analysts have access to that data and that's table
               | stakes.
               | 
               | Apple's guidance on revenue is only like 30% of the
               | equation.
        
               | cherryteastain wrote:
               | Typically, because they make so many bets, a hedge fund
               | needs to be only 53-54% accurate with their predictions
               | to make money.
               | 
               | The stock of every company will move a decently large
               | amount on the day quarterly revenues are published,
               | whether it's Apple or a smaller firm. You can make a lot
               | of money via options maturing on such days. When you need
               | to be right only 53% of the time, these signals _really_
               | add up.
        
               | NickC25 wrote:
               | >Typically, because they make so many bets, a hedge fund
               | needs to be only 53-54% accurate with their predictions
               | to make money.
               | 
               | Wouldn't that imply that every bet the fund makes is
               | roughly of the same $$ value? I would figure more senior
               | traders or more successful ones would vary the size of
               | their bets relative to certainty or uncertainty of an
               | event outcome (could be quarterly earnings, a
               | political/geopolitical event, etc)?
        
               | cherryteastain wrote:
               | Don't think of it like buying a stock on the spot market
               | like retail investors typically do. Many hedge funds
               | place their bets by using the options market, which
               | limits the downside on a bad bet (see e.g. the butterfly
               | strategy [1]).
               | 
               | The size of the bet also depends on a lot of factors.
               | Many hedge funds don't work like monolithic entities,
               | rather they have a bunch of portfolio managers (PMs) who
               | have their own allocated pools of assets from investors.
               | These PMs decide on placing their bets based on lots of
               | different things like their liquidity position (e.g. you
               | don't want to lock up your cash in one position even if
               | you're sure it'll make money when there's a risk of being
               | margin called because of another trade) in addition to
               | signals such as the one dicussed above.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Butterfly_(options)
        
             | bostik wrote:
             | The use of aerial imagery for institutional asset tracking
             | is older and much more widespread than we'd think.
             | 
             | Back in 2005/2006 my university maths professor (in
             | Finland) had an established side gig in the US. He had
             | polished a process to manufacture aerial drones - still
             | called UAVs at the time - and had put together a fairly
             | slick software pipeline to combine GPS tracking with
             | digital imagery. One of his longer-term clients at the time
             | was Harvard University; they had contracted his firm to get
             | routine data on how their land endowments were doing.
             | 
             | An associate professor at the CS department has had a
             | similar thing going on since ~2005. His company does drone
             | imagery for land owners in Finland. Rather surprisingly a
             | notable fraction of his business at the time was coming in
             | from families and corporate offices wanting "just" nice
             | looking shots of their various farm buildings.
             | 
             | At the time the university in question was rather well
             | known for their computer vision unit.
        
               | jnordwick wrote:
               | Try 1910's. Reminiscences of a Stock Operator describes
               | Jesse Livermore collecting unique public data on shops
               | and use for trading. The founder at my first trading job
               | gave me this book to read, and I am eternally grateful.
        
           | 46Bit wrote:
           | Ordering satellite imagery and counting cars is just a
           | weekend project. The last time I looked at ordering imagery,
           | the main obstacle was the minimum order size, so it'd
           | actually scale better for monitoring every store car park
           | than for looking at a single car park.
        
             | avidiax wrote:
             | So if Macy's parking lots have 11% more cars than the same
             | time last year, is that a buy or a sell? Are people
             | actually buying more, or are they more cash strapped and
             | spending more time looking for value?
        
               | aurareturn wrote:
               | You'd have to have historical data to see if more cars
               | mean more spending.
        
               | baxtr wrote:
               | What if Macy's parking lots have fewer cars but they're
               | selling more and more online now?
        
               | fragmede wrote:
               | you buy data flow data from ISPs at all tiers, so even
               | though they're encrypted, knowing how much traffic is
               | going to Macy's.com vs JCPenney.com gives you information
               | you can act on.
               | 
               | We know this is being done, because of reports that say
               | Netflix is X% of Internet traffic. The undredacted
               | reports from those same data sources have much more
               | detail. It's also why some apps that don't appear to have
               | any business model are actually quite valuable.
        
               | helsinkiandrew wrote:
               | How busy are the car parks by their dispatch center? are
               | the cars staying longer because people are working
               | overtime? how many UPS trucks are visiting?
        
               | jgtrosh wrote:
               | 2024 answer: just train a predictive AI with that rarely
               | measured data and avoid thinking about the innards of the
               | black box.
        
               | ttyprintk wrote:
               | In terms of parallel construction, can you tell the
               | difference between insider trading and confident-sounding
               | tips from WallStreetBetsLM?
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | It's an indicator they're getting more traffic. Which you
               | can then feed into your model to decide if it's a buy or
               | a sell, based on all other data.
               | 
               | For instance, is the stock and/or expected earnings >
               | 11%, while traffic seems to be only 11% - or vice versa.
        
           | supportengineer wrote:
           | >> parallel construction for insider tips
           | 
           | That is almost certainly the case.
        
           | underlipton wrote:
           | The SEC could still have a case - timeline, corroborating
           | intrigue, etc. - but as an underfunded revolving door,
           | there's little pushing them to even try to hold these firms
           | accountable. The exchange between a congressperson/senator
           | and an SEC rep a few years ago - "How many cases do you take
           | to trial?" "It's more efficient for us to settle," or
           | something along those lines - was pretty damning. (I
           | apologize, the exact details escape me and every single
           | search function on the internet has apparently been degraded
           | into uselessness.)
        
           | quietbritishjim wrote:
           | > I've heard it claimed that some funds have flown
           | helicopters over oil storage fields to measure the shadows in
           | the tanks to know how much oil is stored, or bought satellite
           | photos to analyze the parking lot use of major retailers
           | during the Christmas season.
           | 
           | That actually _is_ public information. I know it 's hard for
           | your typical member of the public to obtain, but the key
           | thing is that it didn't wasn't communicated directly by
           | someone working at the company. That's legitimate and no
           | parallel construction is needed (except to mislead your
           | competitors - maybe that's the real motivation).
        
             | rawling wrote:
             | > These things sound way too specific to just perform on a
             | hunch, and even then, you might get the analysis wrong if
             | you don't have the insider tip to check your math.
             | 
             | This is suggested as the parallel construction for the
             | actual insider info.
        
           | fph wrote:
           | The helicopter and satellite tricks though are legal, right?
           | They do not involve any leaks from insiders.
        
           | uoaei wrote:
           | I know a guy who's been making and winning steep-odds bets on
           | baseball games based on wind patterns at stadiums on game
           | days.
        
         | interroboink wrote:
         | There is the fun example of a trade that was made before that
         | information should have been physically able to arrive, based
         | on speed-of-light limits. [1] (2013)
         | 
         | The article says "Presumably there will be a hard look into
         | what exactly happened..." but I wonder how hard that look was,
         | and how often that stuff still happens.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2013/09/24/trade...
        
           | ttyprintk wrote:
           | The regulators looking at gold futures would have been
           | contending with manipulators placing massive orders in bad
           | faith, trying to trigger stop loss. That all led up to the
           | flash crash.
        
         | halfcat wrote:
         | I would take the idea further, that profitable retail traders
         | are profitable, in large part, because corruption exists.
         | 
         | Not that they are engaged in corruption, but that any patterns
         | they find primarily exist only as a result of the corruption of
         | others.
         | 
         | It's a working hypothesis at least.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | I think it's the market makers and algorithmic traders. Not
           | sure if they are corrupt. When things get famous the retail
           | traders come in and the algos drop off and then the market
           | makers start futzing over the arbitrage.
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | in the form of nudge nudge wink wink
        
         | blackeyeblitzar wrote:
         | My guess is they also make use of "expert networks" to access
         | confidential information.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | Anyone can pay for that. The problem is being able to read
           | and digest it all.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | Also pretty easy to hide in the noise of a trading algorithm.
         | Eg. Make bets that hold a collection of biotech firms on the
         | day that the fda approves their treatment.
         | 
         | You could also up the exposure by choosing to hold N small
         | market segments, that all overlap with the stock that's being
         | insider traded.
        
         | ants_everywhere wrote:
         | One thing I rarely hear people talk about is how many
         | libertarians believe insider trading shouldn't be a crime.
         | There are lots of libertarians in the financial industry, so
         | there are likely lots of people in the financial industry who
         | believe that laws against insider trading are evil.
         | 
         | So when I picture insider traders, I don't picture shady
         | organized criminals doing things they know are bad. I picture
         | cowbows believing themselves to be the good guys for
         | freedomizing the market.
         | 
         | And when you think about all the people who believe that
         | insider trading is a positive good, you kind of have to
         | conclude that it's rampant. It's financially lucrative, hard to
         | detect, harder to prove, relatively easy to hide, relatively
         | easy to pin on someone below you in the org, and people think
         | they're good for doing it. What force is keeping it in check?
        
           | toss1 wrote:
           | Different POV: Insider trading should be legal because is
           | fundamentally impossible to police fairly or effectively. The
           | one caveat is _ALL_ trades must be public in real-time (and
           | not via shell corps, but showing the real beneficial owner).
           | This way, insider trading can do public good by providing
           | good market signals. Transparency would also reduce the
           | advantages of insider trading.
        
             | ants_everywhere wrote:
             | Someone can correct me if I'm wrong (which I probably am),
             | but my understanding is that legally the harm of insider
             | trading is to the shareholders not to the fairness of the
             | market.
             | 
             | So if I have insider knowledge of some earnings at BigCo
             | and I trade on that, I've breached my fiduciary duty and in
             | some sense stolen that info from BigCo.
             | 
             | I don't see how your scheme would address that.
             | 
             | Or, less abstractly, if you're preparing the earnings
             | announcement for BigCo and you trade knowing earnings are
             | bad, then you've leaked the announcement. And that gets
             | worse, not better, if all trades are public and real time.
             | 
             | So I think total transparency in trading and insider
             | trading interact in non-obvious ways.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > harm of insider trading is to the shareholders not to
               | the fairness of the market.
               | 
               | no, insider trading doesn't harm the shareholders, except
               | the ones who sold (or bought) without using said
               | information (compared to someone who did have it).
               | 
               | The harm is indeed to the market - information assymetry
               | means the other market participants, like the above
               | shareholder, is not buying/selling as "correctly" as the
               | ones doing insider trading.
               | 
               | This also leads to mis-pricing - something that decreases
               | market efficiency.
               | 
               | But being so difficult to enforce, insider trading can't
               | be fixed tbh. The best we can do, imho, is to make the
               | signal go faster (which is what transparency aims to do).
               | By making the signal go faster, insiders actually have
               | very little time to actually "inside trade".
               | 
               | > leaked the announcement
               | 
               | the market _should_ know the earnings are bad. In fact,
               | the market _should_ be making a prediction about the
               | earnings in the aggregate. The information from an
               | insider trader, if it were fully transparent, means that
               | a company's shares will accurately reflect their earnings
               | even if they didnt annouce it, and this makes the market
               | more efficient.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | Noooo. The presumption of fairness in the market makes
               | the market... without trust, you'll have less capital,
               | which hurts the shareholders.
        
               | daemin wrote:
               | If the market had all information then there would be no
               | trading as the price would be correct and nobody would
               | want to buy or sell, as doing so would be money-losing.
               | 
               | The market works because of different information,
               | opinions, ideas that are available to different
               | participants.
               | 
               | Trading on insider information is like doing a pump and
               | dump, and should be illegal.
        
               | chii wrote:
               | > there would be no trading as the price would be correct
               | 
               | the trading would happen when your personal risk is
               | different from another trader. Future events (that have
               | not yet happened) will also make each individual trader
               | do trading based on their predictions.
               | 
               | It's absolutely not true that there's not going to be any
               | trading. After all, unless every trader's internal risk
               | rating and funding are _exactly_ the same, trading must
               | happen, especially if information is very transparent.
               | 
               | > should be illegal.
               | 
               | just because it's declared illegal, doesn't mean it
               | doesn't happen, nor people don't get away with it. It's
               | why i claim that the next best thing is to _make_ it
               | legal, but force the trade to be revealed instantly
               | rather than have a 1 month time gap.
               | 
               | In the event that an insider (or potential insider)
               | starts making large trades, there will be people
               | observing and making similar trades, and thus the insider
               | information (despite being obscured) is transmitted out
               | via this trade signal. The faster this signal gets
               | transmitted, the less insiders will have an opportunity
               | to profit unfairly.
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | >>nobody would want to buy or sell, as doing so would be
               | money-losing.
               | 
               | Somewhat related, there is a saying that caused me great
               | hesitation for many years: "Remember, whatever trade you
               | make, someone else is making the exact opposite bet; what
               | is the likelihood which of you is wrong?". Now, in large,
               | this hesitation is largely good, but not to excess.
               | 
               | I then realized that on the exact same trade people can
               | have very different legitimate perspectives that do NOT
               | invalidate yours, i.e., many situations where you can
               | both be right, for your goals. E.g., a trader may have a
               | great reason to sell a stock this minute while a long-
               | term investor has an equally great reason to buy and
               | accumulate the stock. Or, stocks can go in/out of
               | specific investing criteria such as for growth, value,
               | momentum, etc., and different portfolio managers will be
               | selling and buying the same stock at the same minute and
               | both be completely correct about the stock meeting their
               | goals.
        
               | noitpmeder wrote:
               | My understanding was that insider trading is illegal
               | because you are stealing (ideas, plans, news) from the
               | company.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | That's pretty much the same as making it illegal. It's a
             | system of honest graft that requires for work and
             | enforcement.
             | 
             | The public metadata would be immensely valuable, and nobody
             | would want to comply. You'd be prosecuting people for
             | concealing ownership.
        
               | toss1 wrote:
               | >>You'd be prosecuting people for concealing ownership.
               | 
               | Yes, and concealing ownership over the long term is more
               | difficult (in many cases, impossible, e.g., for
               | executives with stock packages -- exactly the set of most
               | likely insider traders) and investigating and prosecuting
               | it is far easier vs insider trading.
               | 
               | Seems like a win.
        
         | maga_2020 wrote:
         | Not just hedge funds.
         | 
         | Congressional democrats, and i am sure republicans too can
         | outperform S&P 500
         | 
         | --
         | 
         | >" An exchange-traded fund (ETF) that tracks the stock trades
         | of Democratic members of Congress has been outperforming the
         | S&P 500 since its launch in 2023. "
         | 
         | https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/etf/etf-named-after...
        
           | chewz wrote:
           | Hillary Clinton cattle futures controversy - Wikipedia https:
           | //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillary_Clinton_cattle_futures...
           | 
           | ETF Named After Nancy Pelosi, Tracking Congressional
           | Democrats' Stock Trades, Surpasses S&P 500 with Tech Triumph
           | | Markets Insider
           | https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/etf/etf-named-
           | after...
        
             | bobmcnamara wrote:
             | Sssh, we don't speak of the chicken man's chicken monies.
        
         | branko_d wrote:
         | > hedge funds have historically outperformed the markets
         | 
         | According to Investopedia:
         | 
         |  _" From January 1994 to June 2023--through both bull and bear
         | markets--the passive S&P 500 Index outperformed every major
         | hedge fund strategy by over 2.8 percentage points in annualized
         | return."_
         | 
         | https://www.investopedia.com/articles/03/121003.asp
        
           | ttyprintk wrote:
           | Good article. The grandparent comment is about hedge funds
           | that outperform. Rather than offering the automatic
           | diversification most people seek from hedge funds, his/her
           | point is that some which are highly correlated to the market
           | are laundering insider info.
        
         | rqtwteye wrote:
         | That's what some guys I knew in New York told me. People talk
         | to each other and the hedge fund guys don't really compete with
         | each other.
        
         | jjallen wrote:
         | Like which ones do you suspect have done this?
         | 
         | Many funds do not use these sorts of strategies and the ones
         | that do almost always underperform after fees.
         | 
         | So in aggregate there isn't much evidence of outperformance.
        
       | soniman wrote:
       | Wouldn't it be easier to get mobile tracking info about M&A
       | bankers and figure out which companies and websites they're
       | visiting?
        
         | chatmasta wrote:
         | What sort of "mobile tracking info" do you have in mind, and
         | where could you obtain this information for an individual?
         | Maybe (maybe!) you can get their physical location with the
         | right access to certain ISP datasets, but the website info? Is
         | that something that is available for sale on an individual
         | basis?
         | 
         | The article states that the trader obtained his information by
         | hacking into poorly secured corporate email accounts and
         | configuring auto-forwarding rules to send himself copies of
         | incoming emails. Specifically, he triggered password reset
         | flows with "security questions" and data mined open sources for
         | metadata like family names which helped him guess the answers
         | to the security questions. So overall, it wasn't a very
         | sophisticated hack, and certainly seems more straight forward
         | than "getting the mobile tracking info of M&A bankers."
        
           | soniman wrote:
           | Maybe "ad targeting info" is more accurate
           | 
           | https://www.wired.com/story/how-pentagon-learned-targeted-
           | ad...
        
           | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
           | In the US, there are commercial companies selling this data.
           | Probably not associated with a name, but you could buy the
           | data (I think they sell the whole dataset for a relatively
           | affordable price), figure out who is a M&A lawyer by checking
           | which IDs show up at their headquarters + some other relevant
           | location, then track them from there going forward.
           | 
           | The data is likely collected from ad and analytics SDKs in
           | various unrelated apps, so you just need the lawyer to be
           | using one of these apps.
           | 
           | Journalists have demonstrated that the data is good enough to
           | identify and track e.g. intelligence service employees.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | ...or track SEC agents instead
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2024-09-11/hertz-...
         | 
         | https://archive.is/o/TTQ2A/https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/pape...
        
           | soniman wrote:
           | Wow. I didn't think anyone was actually doing it but now I
           | think it must be going on.
        
             | nortlov wrote:
             | Tangentially related: https://youtu.be/RM1gfvAsrg8
        
         | ttyprintk wrote:
         | The negative of that is quite interesting. Take SEC web server
         | logs and look for invest firm subnet addresses. Firms not
         | appearing in those logs do 1.5% worse.
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16648323
        
         | tomatocracy wrote:
         | Interestingly some M&A banks keep (or used to, at least)
         | discreet residential addresses where the crucial meetings
         | between senior people can take place over dinner rather than
         | them being obviously seen to meet at the banks or their own
         | offices.
        
       | fijiaarone wrote:
       | Strong scent of bovine effluence.
       | 
       | In order to reset their email password he would've needed access
       | to their email.
        
         | wmf wrote:
         | No? If you're resetting your email password, it's probably
         | because you're locked out of your email and thus the reset
         | process shouldn't require email.
        
           | insidstwr wrote:
           | It should use 2fa and another email. For corporate just
           | internal IT right? Security here seems lapse. Ideally reports
           | are links to an internal system not attachments.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | _Should have needed_. I recommend listening to (or reading the
         | transcript of) https://darknetdiaries.com/transcript/118/ about
         | someone doing account hijacking/password reset as a service.
         | Even good services sometimes have zero-days.
        
         | andrewaylett wrote:
         | Microsoft supports self-service password reset:
         | https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/entra/identity/authenticat...
         | 
         | "Microsoft Entra self-service password reset (SSPR) gives users
         | the ability to change or reset their password, with no
         | administrator or help desk involvement. If Microsoft Entra ID
         | locks a user's account or they forget their password, they can
         | follow prompts to unblock themselves and get back to work."
         | 
         | Which isn't actually quite as crazy as it sounds like it should
         | be.
        
       | metadat wrote:
       | https://archive.today/UqYa9
        
       | jowea wrote:
       | I can't remember seeing security questions securing a system in
       | the last decade. Are they still used and I just don't see them or
       | this was some unusual company config?
        
         | throw16180339 wrote:
         | USPS uses them. Their customer service rep wasn't amused when I
         | told her my favorite food is heroin.
        
           | nkrisc wrote:
           | And here I am with all answers to my security questions as
           | random strings of letters and numbers stored alongside my
           | password in my password manager. I hope I don't have to give
           | someone that answer over the phone.
        
             | oefrha wrote:
             | I probably raised a fair bit of suspicion last week when I
             | told the Wells Fargo rep handling a declined CC transaction
             | that I had to look up my mother's maiden name in my
             | password manager.
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | At this point anyone handling passwords must have
               | encountered enough of us to know that some family names
               | need to be looked up in a password manager, and it isn't
               | that suspicious. Isn't that right, my cousin? I can never
               | remember how to spell grandma 38!;&,90-@3!;8,'s name.
        
               | SoftTalker wrote:
               | I don't remember where now, but I have run into sites
               | that disallow numbers and non-alpha characters in the
               | "secret" question answers. They were actively trying to
               | thwart people from entering random gibberish there. Of
               | course that's silly, but so is thinking that a person's
               | maiden name is some kind of secret, or that people will
               | be able to reliably remember things like "the title of
               | their favorite book."
        
               | chgs wrote:
               | My uncle is called Robert'); DROP TABLE Students;--
        
               | whaleofatw2022 wrote:
               | Duhangit Bobby
        
             | pkaeding wrote:
             | Yeah, it is pretty awkward.
             | 
             | My forst car, sure: Capital-double-you, dollar sign, eff,
             | nine, you, bee, gee, capital kay...
        
             | accrual wrote:
             | My only fear of doing this is that someone could call in
             | and say "oh sorry, I just typed in a bunch of random
             | numbers and letters" and the rep will go "haha, don't we
             | all!" and let them reset the password.
        
         | AnotherGoodName wrote:
         | They were pretty much only ever used as a blocker for your
         | email being spammed. As in there's very very few sites that
         | would reset a password on a security question alone. The
         | security questions purpose was just to avoid people triggering
         | emails/resets to the wrong second factor. Despite the common
         | belief they are worthless security questions they are perfectly
         | fine when they don't reset the password directly and merely
         | block users from mistakingly triggering a reset to a second
         | factor on an incorrect account.
         | 
         | Do you know the common alternative to not using security
         | questions in the above step? Doing absolutely nothing and
         | allowing randoms to annoy you hitting your second factor with
         | password resets. The ultimate place you rely on either way was
         | the second factor and the questions were always better than
         | nothing at all.
        
           | ptsneves wrote:
           | As a ceo, you just call the IT department directly and that
           | is that. In the it's just tubes analogy sense, it is all just
           | people at the end of those tubes eventually.
        
             | warhorse10_9 wrote:
             | What you just described is incredibly prone to social
             | engineering.
        
               | ptsneves wrote:
               | Have real people go to the office of the CEO and have the
               | CEO make the reset request in person. Even by phone a
               | reset is harmless if the computer the ceo is using is
               | known to be trusted and company managed. The defense is
               | in depth not circumstantial to one single phone call or
               | method. You can also authenticate the request through
               | other channels.
        
           | jowea wrote:
           | Oh so I guess the "please fill in your reset email" counts as
           | a security question. Makes much more sense thank you.
        
       | ta988 wrote:
       | The supreme court, and its now usual right leaning bias neutered
       | the SEC a bit more: https://www.whitecase.com/insight-
       | alert/supreme-court-rules-...
        
         | verisimi wrote:
         | Are SEC the good guys? I can't keep up.
        
           | bboygravity wrote:
           | No, they're not.
           | 
           | Should have been quite clear when Madoff ran a 20 billion USD
           | ponzi for multiple decades and he got caught because his own
           | sons turned him in at the FBI.
           | 
           | The SEC was not involved in Madoff at all (other than to make
           | it worse my "auditing" Madoff multiple times and publishing
           | that "all is fine nothing to see here").
           | 
           | The SEC is a government marketing agency to keep up the veil
           | of US markets being fair and functional.
        
             | Hnrobert42 wrote:
             | They can be incompetent without being bad. It is a mistake
             | to assume nefarious intent.
        
               | WrongAssumption wrote:
               | You don't have to be nefarious to be bad. Being
               | incompetent definitely makes an federal agency with
               | powers of enforcement bad.
        
               | tbrownaw wrote:
               | "Bad" can also apply to results or execution
               | (performance, in/competence), not just intent.
        
           | trompetenaccoun wrote:
           | Gensler met with FTX fraudster Sam Bankman-Fried and had a
           | secret zoom call with him as the press later found out. FTX
           | always advertised how they were "regulated". Yet despite not
           | even having proper book-keeping1, they were never
           | investigated by the SEC, which has been focused on hassling
           | legitimate businesses such as Coinbase - a public company
           | with proper compliance and actual audits.
           | 
           | 1 https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2022/11/new-ftx-chief-
           | sl...
        
             | llamaimperative wrote:
             | FTX was receiving inquiries from SEC in early 2022, before
             | its collapse: https://prospect.org/power/congressmembers-
             | tried-to-stop-sec...
             | 
             | Also "doing audits" and "having compliance" and "being
             | public" doesn't insulate a company from scrutiny.
        
           | llamaimperative wrote:
           | The real world is messier than Disney's "good guys bad guys"
           | dichotomy.
        
         | twoodfin wrote:
         | Another way to see that would be the Supreme Court affirming
         | that if the SEC accuses you of what is clearly common law
         | fraud, and wants to penalize you millions of dollars, they are
         | required by the Constitution to bring those charges to Article
         | III courts where you can exercise all the rights of the accused
         | recognized by the Constitution (most specifically in this case,
         | trial by jury).
        
           | walrushunter wrote:
           | There's no other way to see it.
           | 
           | I'm not sure why the parent comment decided to bring politics
           | into it. You'd think the idea that the government shouldn't
           | be able to accuse you of a crime and take your money without
           | a trial would be bipartisan.
        
             | cheschire wrote:
             | There was a recent video by John Oliver going deep into the
             | politics of the supreme court, so it's in the public
             | discourse enough recently that the two concepts of justice
             | and politics are probably linked for some folks.
             | 
             | It's one of those annoying things that tends to happen a
             | month out from presidential elections I guess.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | > I'm not sure why the parent comment decided to bring
             | politics into it.
             | 
             | The Federalist Society and their fellow travelers have been
             | politicizing the Supreme Court for literal decades. To talk
             | about the Supreme Court while avoiding any mention of
             | politics is a itself a stridently political act.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | Further back then that. Supreme Court has been a
               | political institution all along. (The Marbury vs. Madison
               | decision was an interesting political maneuver.)
        
             | tbrownaw wrote:
             | > _I 'm not sure why the parent comment decided to bring
             | politics into it._
             | 
             | It's the standard way to denounce decisions you don't like.
        
           | adrr wrote:
           | So you request a jury trial. I don't get what your point is.
           | Its a civil penality because the SEC isn't a law enforcement
           | agency and it enforces regulations. Regulations have been
           | around since George Washington was president when the Whiskey
           | Act was passed allowing the government to form regulations on
           | taxing whiskey including levying fines on people.
        
             | twoodfin wrote:
             | You couldn't "request a jury trial". That was the point of
             | the suit.
             | 
             | Yes, civil penalties are a thing. But the argument that
             | prevailed was that this was not a penalty for speeding or
             | not paying enough tax, this was a penalty for alleged
             | actions that amounted to common law fraud & Congress can't
             | delegate the adjudication of common law--civil or criminal
             | --to an administrative agency.
        
             | WrongAssumption wrote:
             | And regulations are still enforceable. What is not
             | enforceable is to make a regulation that parallels an
             | existing law, and deny a federal trial because it's now a
             | "regulation".
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | Anyone else read all the way down and see the bit about
       | "everything is securities fraud"? Great ongoing bit by Matt on
       | another way attorneys in the US bilk the public.
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | I don't think that's bilking at all. In the US we generally
         | favor private enforcement over public regulation. E.g., the SEC
         | doesn't go after every small bit of fraud and dubious corporate
         | behavior. They're the big guns, and the small stuff is dealt
         | with via private lawsuit from investors who think they've been
         | harmed.
         | 
         | If we got rid of both private and public enforcement, fraud
         | costs would balloon massively, costing the public wildly more.
         | First for retail investors they were ever more often the
         | suckers in the fraud, and then for everybody as we lose the
         | robust public markets that are a major driver of business
         | investment.
         | 
         | Somebody's got to keep the greedy, amoral people in line. I'm
         | not sure doing it via predatory lawyers is more efficient than
         | skilled bureaucrats, but it's definitely more in line with the
         | free market principles that tend to win out in the US.
        
       | michaelteter wrote:
       | If you're clever enough you to do something like this, then you
       | must realize that getting caught is an obvious eventuality.
       | 
       | So... why?
        
         | wpietri wrote:
         | I don't think it's a question of raw intelligence so much as
         | where the smarts are applied. Doing the crime and stepping back
         | to put the crime in context and analyze the paths are two
         | different topics and two different sets of behaviors.
         | 
         | As an analogy, as a developer I think it's pretty easy to write
         | code that's bad in some way that you don't notice at the time.
         | And that's even true if you are able to spot the same code as
         | bad when, say, joining a new job.
        
         | jezzamon wrote:
         | Can't dig up the source but I remember hearing that it's often
         | people that have an overly high value on having things
         | immediately. E.g. thinking about the lifestyle they could live
         | now with the money. They're acting irrationally from a long
         | term perspective.
        
       | djfbnddn wrote:
       | Well technically any website which has a ticker watchlist has
       | valuable data because they can correlate it with the data about
       | ticker detail page access patterns and infer something. Whether
       | that is valuable is something else. But if you have the data on
       | people in the industry then it might be valuable.
        
       | 9cb14c1ec0 wrote:
       | Proof that security questions on websites are one of the most
       | garbage "security" practices out there.
        
         | pcurve wrote:
         | I'm probably sure everyone knows my first pet's name by now.
        
           | phs318u wrote:
           | My first dog t7xW6q+WX-i9$G4*&^sY was a beautiful creature. I
           | remember her fondly.
        
         | homarp wrote:
         | only if you tell the truth
        
         | phs318u wrote:
         | When forced to provide answers to dumb "security questions", I
         | will typically use a password manager to both generate a random
         | "answer" and to store the question-answer pairs. I generate new
         | strings for each site that asks the same dumb question.
         | 
         | For sites that demand to know my birthday when all they really
         | need is a boolean declaration of adulthood I use 1 January
         | 1901. (I'll admit that when I first started this practice I
         | used 1 April 1901).
        
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