[HN Gopher] Dance training superior to physical exercise in indu...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Dance training superior to physical exercise in inducing brain
       plasticity (2018)
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 301 points
       Date   : 2024-10-03 14:01 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (journals.plos.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (journals.plos.org)
        
       | riffic wrote:
       | embodied cognition is definitely an interesting concept to
       | explore. I know I get really interesting thoughts when I go for a
       | walk.
       | 
       | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/embodied-cognition/
        
       | cdiamand wrote:
       | "Regarding cognition, both groups improved in attention and
       | spatial memory, but no significant group differences emerged."
       | 
       | So, the dance group showed increase volume of brain matter. Is
       | there a benefit to having the extra brain volume, even if it
       | doesn't lead to improved cognition?
       | 
       | Is it possible that increased volume just helped them become
       | better dancers?
        
         | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
         | Musical cognition is loosely connected to attention (maybe
         | disconnected entirely by this metric, music seems special) and
         | spatial memory is irrelevant. So "better dancers" seems a bit
         | myopic, they might be improving their understanding of rhythm
         | and melody in a more general sense.
         | 
         | (IMO the headline-level conclusion of this study is
         | unsurprising - dancing is far more cognitively demanding than
         | gym exercise!)
        
         | yapyap wrote:
         | > Is there a benefit to having the extra brain volume, even if
         | it doesn't lead to improved cognition?
         | 
         | ever seen megamind?
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | Cognition and memory are easily measurable brain functions but
         | are not the exclusive function of the brain. As a conserving
         | machine a healthy brain building volume is indicative of
         | improvement in some function otherwise it wouldn't bother
         | building the volume.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | I got into dance a few years ago, and N=1 sure, but the big
         | changes I observed as a result were improvements in
         | proprioception, balance, sense of tempo, and I also gained the
         | ability to deconstruct music in my head, and listen to
         | different parts of it (e.g. only pay attention to the guitar or
         | the drums or the vocals).
         | 
         | Like does this make me better at programming? Probably not. But
         | the skills you gain do have other usages outside of dance, and
         | honestly also kind of enrich life in general.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | Balance training (standing on a ball type thing) also is supposed
       | to help ADHD.
        
         | unshavedyak wrote:
         | Can you link anything on the subject? Sounds like a simple
         | device you could own at home and spend 10m a day on balancing.
        
           | vitaflo wrote:
           | Really don't even need a device. I practice balancing on one
           | leg with my eyes closed while brushing my teeth every morning
           | (I've progressively made it harder over time). I mostly do
           | this to keep up my balance skills for mountain biking and
           | it's helped quite a bit, especially during winter when I ride
           | less.
        
             | username44 wrote:
             | You mentioned progressively making it harder, I've seen the
             | following strategies to make balancing more difficult.
             | Combining them all can be challenging:
             | 
             | 1. Arms crossed on your chest 2. Eyes closed 3. Swinging
             | your head left and right, like an exaggerated "no"
        
           | svilen_dobrev wrote:
           | on the opposite end of simple-or-cheap, e-foiling Does train
           | your balance. esp. in windy "cabbage-salad" waves with
           | medusas and rubbish floating around :/
        
         | changing1999 wrote:
         | This (intuitively) makes sense, since standing on a ball
         | requires full focus, can't really get distracted.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Does it though? Balancing doesn't seem like an active
           | cognitive process, like I don't have to think about not
           | falling over to stay upright on a bicycle. All the little
           | shifts of body weight needed to not tip over seem to be done
           | automatically.
        
             | changing1999 wrote:
             | Not on a balancing ball. It's far far harder than staying
             | upright on a bicycle. You have to stay focused and control
             | several muscle groups. Not falling even for a minute is a
             | very challenging task. Being able to balance for 10 minutes
             | is basically elite level.
        
             | userbinator wrote:
             | Once it's moving, a bicycle basically balances itself.
             | That's why the hardest part of learning to ride one is
             | starting and stopping.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | You still need to adjust your balance. If you send a
               | bicycle off without a rider, it will tip over after a
               | while.
               | 
               | Same with standing up. Needs constant small adjustments.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | A bicycle without a rider will keep going straight (maybe
               | on a slight curve if the frame is misaligned) so long as
               | it has enough speed.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | On a mathematical plane in vacuum it will. On uneven
               | ground and turbulent air, it will not.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | The most likely outcome, provided it doesn't lose too
               | much speed, is to hit an obstacle. This happens all the
               | time with motorcycles which are just heavy bicycles. The
               | angle of the forks causes the bicycle to self-balance.
               | 
               | Examples over "rough conditions":
               | https://youtu.be/yNbOh0N3BSs https://youtu.be/9ewqeheLL_I
        
       | idle_cycles wrote:
       | "Fifty-two seniors (25 males; 27 females) aged 63-80 years were
       | then randomly assigned to the experimental dance group (DG) and
       | the control sport group (SG) controlling for age, MMSE status and
       | physical fitness." I wonder if these findings remain true for
       | young or middle aged adults.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | > For the present exploratory study, we designed an especially
         | challenging dance program in which our elderly participants
         | constantly had to learn novel and increasingly difficult
         | choreographies. This six-month-long program was compared to
         | conventional fitness training matched for intensity.
         | 
         | The result seems bloody obvious to me as a dancer. Dance _is_
         | exercise. And this wasn 't just dance, they were learning moves
         | and choreography. Like, no duh, teaching people new and
         | complicated things increases neuroplasticity! According to the
         | quote there, the activities were matched in physical intensity
         | and one treatment added a significant mental component versus
         | the control.
         | 
         | Compare dance to rowing, lifting, spinning etc. Those
         | activities are regularly accomplished by a brainless motor.
         | That such activities induce neuroplasticity is cool, but it's
         | no shock that more enriching activities are better for the
         | brain.
         | 
         | I think it's obvious that a younger person's brain would be
         | more improved by this class than your ordinary seniors
         | athletics program. I'd be more inclined to compare with other
         | low-impact competitive sport: badminton, table tennis, etc.
         | Like dance, those require full-body coordination, planning,
         | reflexes, etc.
        
       | JamesBarney wrote:
       | > Dancing compared to conventional fitness activity led to larger
       | volume increases in more brain areas, including the cingulate
       | cortex, insula, corpus callosum and sensorimotor cortex. Only
       | dancing was associated with an increase in plasma BDNF levels.
       | Regarding cognition, both groups improved in attention and
       | spatial memory, but no significant group differences emerged
       | casual.
        
       | noelwelsh wrote:
       | I think the difference in outcomes is likely to be down to
       | "continuous learning of new movement patterns and choreographies"
       | vs "participants performed the same exercises repeatedly ... We
       | avoided combined arm and leg movements in order to keep
       | coordinative demands low".
       | 
       | That said, I think dance is great.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | That said, dance is a really fun way to package repetitive
         | movements. And if younger people did more of it, the men on
         | this site would spend less time bitching about how hard it is
         | to meet women. *cough*
        
           | michaelteter wrote:
           | Yes, you will "meet" more women by dancing than by playing
           | games on your computer. That doesn't necessarily mean you
           | will make any meaningful connections.
           | 
           | Simply going places and interacting with people will also
           | help you meet women. In fact, I think you'd sooner find a
           | date by becoming a grocery store employee than a dancer,
           | because you're more likely to be having conversations with
           | the people you meet.
           | 
           | Dancing, especially where you are learning, is not really
           | socializing.
           | 
           | The structure of our modern society really does make it more
           | difficult to meet new people. Women complain too, not just
           | men.
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | If you want to meet people, there's a lot of skill and
             | patience required, no matter the venue.
             | 
             | Dancing is rather uniquely suited to meeting people.
             | Dancing signals fitness and physical competency directly to
             | the lizard brain. Of course, if you're bad at those things,
             | you won't succeed in an environment of such honest
             | signalling.
             | 
             | And of course, if you go to a dance class and ask somebody
             | out after the first session, that's desperation. If you're
             | there _just_ to meet people, your dishonest intent will
             | shine through. Note that I didn 't say young people should
             | dance _just_ to meet people -- I said that they should be
             | dancing more, and that meeting people is a _side effect_.
             | Don 't be sleazy.
             | 
             | The real trick to meeting people is that you can't _try_ to
             | make people like you. You need to relax and be yourself. It
             | takes time to establish mutual fit, and the moment that 's
             | clear, you must act decisively. At that point, any effort
             | you put towards that specific person will have a good
             | chance of being received well. After you've been in and out
             | of the arms of every other person in the room over the
             | course of several months, you'll have much better
             | perspective on how each feels about your presence. You
             | won't flub it, you won't ask the wrong person, and your
             | confidence will be well-earned.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Not specific to dance here, but just replying to your
               | general thesis:
               | 
               | The "just be yourself" advice is so hard, because it's
               | what actually works, but it's also difficult to do when
               | you care about the outcome.
               | 
               | And, of course, it has a prerequisite of a whole lot of
               | work to make "yourself" into something worthwhile and
               | interesting. Of course one would like a shortcut that
               | still works if you've not done the prior coursework. ;)
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | > The "just be yourself" advice is so hard, because it's
               | what actually work
               | 
               | For attractive people or at least those whose
               | attractiveness is not totally niche
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Nah. I'm not conventionally attractive. But still,
               | figuring out how to better myself, and then just -relax-
               | and be myself, was what built meaningful connections.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Of the dozens of men I work with, two are eligible
               | bachelors. Both are above-average in their physical
               | attractiveness. I promise you, that is not what women are
               | looking for.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Is it being yourself then?
        
             | munificent wrote:
             | I think I met the _majority_ of my dating partners
             | including my wife on a dancefloor. (Well, technically I had
             | met my wife before. But we reconnected at a club.)
             | 
             | Dancing at nightclubs is great. Assuming you can find one
             | whose crowd is your kind of people, it's one of the few
             | remaining venues where people of all genders and
             | orientations mix and it's considered socially acceptable to
             | initiate a conversation with someone with romantic intent.
             | 
             | The problem with being a grocery store employee to meet
             | people is that there are a very logical taboo against
             | hitting on employees that are obligated to interact with
             | you. Likewise, employers generally don't want employees
             | hitting on their customers. So, sure, you might be able to
             | meet people this way, but you have to skirt some social
             | norms to do so.
        
               | michaelteter wrote:
               | Nightclub dancing is usually social dancing, not dance
               | training. Yes, nightclubs can be good places to meet
               | people (and potential lovers/mates). But dance classes
               | (dance training as per the study) is very different.
        
             | foobar1962 wrote:
             | > Yes, you will "meet" more women by dancing than by
             | playing games on your computer. That doesn't necessarily
             | mean you will make any meaningful connections.
             | 
             | This. I have been learning Argentine Tango for over 10
             | years. Going from the "dancing together in close embrace"
             | to "let's meet later for coffee" is still has difficult as
             | ever. More so with tango: the phrase "why buy the cow when
             | you get the milk for free" comes to mind, often. Note that
             | I've made some very good friends through the dance, but
             | it's tough getting out of the friend zone.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | That said, dancing is super hard. It just doesn't click with
           | some brains. Like at all. With mine for example. I can't
           | repeat full body movements. I can't remember sequences of
           | those movements even as short as 3. Any diagrams that
           | attmempt to teach dancing make no sense to me. Foot placement
           | seems completely arbitrary. I always had a very hard time
           | learning things I don't understand and I'm not sure if I ever
           | actually learnt any. I see no connection between dancing and
           | music. Regardless of the professional level of dancers when I
           | look at them dancing I recognize no connection between what I
           | hear and what they do. Like those two things are at
           | completely separate layers without any meaningful sync
           | between them.
           | 
           | And that's all before even considering things like social
           | anxiety or being a highly sensitive person which makes
           | various stimuli including social ones so strong that they
           | become unpleasant.
           | 
           | The closest I ever was and probably I'll ever be to drawing
           | any pleasure from dance like activity is Light Saber.
        
       | kspacewalk2 wrote:
       | ...in mice
        
         | moi2388 wrote:
         | That would be igNobel worthy
        
       | polishdude20 wrote:
       | Anecdotal bur my ex's grandmother would do swing dancing as a
       | hobby with her husband and later when they retired at like 50,
       | they would swing dance like 3-5 times a week at home. Her
       | grandmother is now 102 years old and up until recently was the
       | sharpest, and wittiest resident at her care home despite being
       | the oldest. Her hearing is great, her eyesight is great. The only
       | things going slowly are her short term memory and ability to walk
       | but she still does with her walker.
        
         | dunham wrote:
         | My grandmother kept a flower garden, it got smaller as she got
         | older, but she made it to 113. Maybe the gardening helped keep
         | her going.
         | 
         | She was in a home for the last year (maybe two), lived on her
         | own before that. She was sharp, but her hearing was poor.
        
       | changing1999 wrote:
       | I would like to see a comparison with other types of physical
       | exercise that contain an element of continuous learning.
       | Wrestling, BJJ, even boxercise, crossfit and such. Since the
       | argument seems to be specifically about learning new routines and
       | how that impacts neuroplasticity, dance vs other more cognitively
       | challenging workouts would be an interesting comparison.
        
         | PUSH_AX wrote:
         | That's really interesting, bjj is essentially physical problem
         | solving with dire consequences
        
         | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
         | I think if your exercise involves you regularly getting choked
         | out you probably shouldn't be expecting neurological benefits
        
           | changing1999 wrote:
           | No one is getting regularly choked out in BJJ. You always
           | tap. The goal is not to injure your partner but to learn
           | together. Source: 5 years of BJJ, I have never been choked
           | out, I am not an idiot.
        
             | gregors wrote:
             | The only reason you'd ever get choked out in BJJ is because
             | you lost the fight with your own ego.
        
               | changing1999 wrote:
               | That's a good way to put it. I trained in many gyms
               | across two continents and never saw anyone getting
               | chocked out in class.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | With dance you are constantly learning new material. Much less
         | so with an exercise routine, even if you "mix it up".
        
           | changing1999 wrote:
           | Not sure if you have experienced martial arts. It's constant
           | learning. Sparring is a small part of the process. See kata
           | in karate, hundreds of moves and transitions in BJJ, etc
        
             | vunderba wrote:
             | 100% agree. Not to mention that the goal of a dance partner
             | isn't _usually_ to surprise you, whereas in most forms of
             | sparring, you are constantly trying to anticipate your
             | opponent and adapt to them.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Anticipating and adapting is how lead-follow dances work,
               | especially when your partner is not your usual partner.
               | The follower anticipates and adapts to the leader, the
               | leader anticipates and adapts to the follower's skill and
               | knowledge level. A good lead will make the follower look
               | good and feel good. A leader is also responsible for
               | collision avoidance with other couples, and enables the
               | follower to have confidence in moving backwards.
               | 
               | Think of it this way. It requires enough of your brain
               | that you cannot carry on a conversation at the same time.
               | If you're out jogging, you can have a conversation.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | I generally agree with you, but GP and above were talking
               | about martial arts, not jogging. I expect there's likely
               | not much conversation going on between sparring partners,
               | either.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The post I responded to did not mention martial arts.
        
               | tomjakubowski wrote:
               | I'm confused. All of the posts you replied to in this
               | chain mentioned martial arts -- maybe you didn't
               | understand that sparring is part of the practice of
               | martial arts?
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | I interpret sparring is something boxers do. I never
               | thought of it as a martial art.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | No, I'm not familiar with martial arts. I didn't consider
             | it an exercise routine.
        
               | foobar1962 wrote:
               | Wax on, wax off?
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | So those square dancers are constantly coming up with new
           | material? Ballroom innovators are patenting never before seen
           | ways to articulate the human body? Sure.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | There are many, many styles of ballroom dancing. You're
             | never going to run out of things to learn.
        
           | harimau777 wrote:
           | With most martial arts you are constantly learning new
           | material comparable to dance (that's to say nothing of
           | martial arts like Capoeira and Silat which incorporate dance
           | into their training).
           | 
           | It is also quite common for martial artists to add new skills
           | that cover different aspects of combat. E.g. once karate-ka
           | have a solid foundation in unarmed combat they often learn to
           | use weapons. Practitioners of striking oriented martial arts
           | commonly cross train in grappling or throwing oriented arts.
           | Practitioners of Northern Kung Fu (generally focused on long
           | range) might train in Southern Kung Fu (generally focused on
           | short range). Many martial artists also incorporate
           | supplemental practices such as meditation, qigong, or hojo
           | undo.
        
         | buescher wrote:
         | Good martial arts instructors are very experienced at working
         | with unathletic beginners who have never had much coaching
         | before. "No, the other left." Probably easier to find a class
         | at level as a total beginner where you're still expected to
         | make a lot of progress than some other things.
        
         | suzzer99 wrote:
         | Peter Attia had a guest on his podcast who said something along
         | these lines. He was really into training people to do Olympic
         | lifting because of the cognitive component that goes along with
         | the exercise. He also said hiking is good because the terrain
         | is inconsistent, and you have to think about each step to some
         | degree.
        
       | anonzzzies wrote:
       | Probably some styles of martial arts would (do imho) work well
       | then. Disclaimer ; did not RTFA.
       | 
       | Edit: +styles of
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | Depends on the martial art: head injuries would complicate that
         | analysis; tai chi isn't terribly aerobic, etc.
        
           | anonzzzies wrote:
           | Yes, added styles there. Kata's can be quite dance-y
           | depending on the style.
           | 
           | Also, to be contrary old dude into martial arts all his life,
           | I don't really consider many head bashing 'styles' now to be
           | 'arts'. Martial, sure.
        
             | andoando wrote:
             | Boxing is more dance than katas
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Boxing is ballroom dance; katas are choreography.
        
             | fransje26 wrote:
             | > Also, to be contrary old dude into martial arts all his
             | life, I don't really consider many head bashing 'styles'
             | now to be 'arts'.
             | 
             | Which ones would you consider to be "arts", and worth
             | getting into?
             | 
             | I was recently thinking that I would like to get back into
             | martial arts, but having done taekwondo in the past, I'm
             | absolutely not interested in going back to any form of
             | bashing impact..
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | Chen style tai-chi.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen-style_tai_chi
        
               | anonzzzies wrote:
               | I will try to do Aikido until I die. I started in the 80s
               | with Kyokushin and I trained with top trainers; when I
               | was young they wanted to move me to thai or kick boxing
               | as I would, like numerous dutch guys did of the same
               | school, kick the fuck out of the competition. Never had
               | that interest. I like the movements and indeed the art
               | behind it. Someone in this thread said boxing is like
               | ballroom dancing; I really don't see that. Maybe it can
               | be; but if you want to win, it's not dancing and the
               | aspect of wanting 'to win' makes it not at all like
               | dancing (or maybe I don't know this dance).
               | 
               | Anyway; as a kid I did Judo and after that Kyokushinkai
               | and Jiujitsu 3-4 hours a day for many years.
               | 
               | I am 50 now and I can do things many 50 year olds cannot
               | do, but the joy for me is that I feel like when I go to
               | aikido class 3 times a week, it is an art and it doesn't
               | feel like I have to ever stop doing it as I don't need
               | (but can I guess) to bash in faces in a rings.
        
               | fransje26 wrote:
               | Thank you for your reply.
               | 
               | I really wanted to try Aikido, and went as far as doing
               | an introductory class at university. Everything was fine
               | until the next morning when I couldn't bend my elbow
               | anymore, with an over strain pain that lasted more than a
               | week. I was quite in shape at the time, so I took it as a
               | sign that maybe it wasn't for me. (Or at least not in
               | that school..) And that stopped me in my tracks
               | unfortunately.
               | 
               | But I'll keep your feedback in the back of my head, and
               | let's see what the future brings.
        
               | andoando wrote:
               | In an actual fight it may only look like dancing
               | temporarily but look up a good shadow boxing video. In
               | training its very much about footwork, moving
               | rhythmically and gracefully.
               | 
               | Im not a great boxer or anything but I used to do
               | melbourne shuffle a lot and it definitely has the same
               | vibe to me
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | Obligatory mention of the fact that the best exercise is the one
       | you'll do, regardless of what it is. Dance might be better for
       | your brain than cycling, but neither helps anything if you give
       | up on them after a few months. So find the (best) exercise you'll
       | actually keep up with, and keep up with that. Even if it's only
       | walking a few blocks a day, that's better than nothing.
        
       | bogtog wrote:
       | I do MRI work, and my gut is that none of the claims about dance
       | vs. exercise would replicate. The behavioral data suggests that
       | activity of some type will improve cognitive function (main
       | effects of time). Such beneficial effects of activity on the
       | brain have been shown before, and this is generally accepted.
       | However, the authors' behavioral data doesn't show any difference
       | between the dance vs. exercise groups. This means that the study
       | is overall off to a pretty bad start if their goal is to study
       | dance vs. exercise differences...
       | 
       | The brain data claims to show that the dance vs. exercise groups
       | showed different levels of improvement in various regions.
       | However, the brain effects are tiny and are probably just random
       | noise (I'm referring to those red spots, which are very small and
       | almost certainly don't reflect proper correction for multiple
       | hypotheses given that the authors effectively tested 1000s or
       | 10000s of different areas). The authors' claims about BDNF are
       | supported by a p-value of p = .046, and having main conclusions
       | hinge on p-values of p > .01 usually means the conclusions are
       | rubbish.
       | 
       | In general, my priors on "we can detect subtle changes in brain
       | matter over a 6-week period" are also very low. Perhaps, a study
       | with this sample size could show that activity of some kind
       | influences the brain over such a short length, but I am extremely
       | skeptical that this type of study could detect differences
       | between dance vs. exercise effects.
        
         | zophiana wrote:
         | I agree that the sample size might be a bit small so it could
         | be noise, but the study did went 6-month not 6-weeks.
         | 
         | And there are findings like these
         | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
        
           | wdkrnls wrote:
           | Or it could be a problem of seeking statistical detection of
           | any difference whatsoever versus detecting a practically
           | meaningful difference... a type III error (answering the
           | wrong question).
        
           | bogtog wrote:
           | Thanks, that sounds more reasonable. I'm still generally
           | bearish on this type of brain-volume-change work (and
           | extremely so on any study trying to compare brain-volume
           | effects between different groups), but I guess 6-months is a
           | finer premise.
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | Cardiovascular exercise correlates with subsequent synthesis of
         | endocannabinoids, which affect hippocampal neurogeneration and
         | probably thereby neuroplasticity.
         | 
         | From "Environment shapes emotional cognitive abilities more
         | than genes" (2024)
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40105068#40107602 :
         | 
         | > _hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis also
         | appear to be affected by dancing and omega-3,6 (which are
         | transformed into endocannabinoids by the
         | body):https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15109698 _
         | 
         | Also, isn't there selection bias to observational dance
         | studies? If not in good general health, is a person likely to
         | pursue regular dancing? Though, dance lifts mood and gets the
         | cardiovascular system going.
         | 
         | Dance involves spatial sense and proprioception and probably
         | all of the senses.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | My random opinion is that dance or dance like activities are a
         | sweet spot between low intensity and high intensity exercise
         | that involves a lot more balance, coordination and fluidity
         | than most physical activities promoted for health overall
         | (they're either too simple or too hard), these traits are (I
         | believe) very important to your brain. Add the social aspect as
         | an important bonus.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Yes, moving as one with your partner is a big part of it, and
           | where much of the pleasure comes from.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Yeah I believe that our brains are extremely sensitive to
             | shared experience, work, art, movement or else (singing in
             | harmony would work too). It might even tap in primitive
             | toddler brain phases.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | Dance is very _Gemeinschaft_ : https://en.wikipedia.org/w
               | iki/Gemeinschaft_and_Gesellschaft
               | 
               | > _singing in harmony would work too_
               | 
               | I believe at least some Amish sing at very low BPM.
               | 
               | Two possible interpretations: (a) they share the opinions
               | of Baptists when it comes to dancing, so the BPM is
               | deliberately so low as to be clearly undanceable, and (b)
               | at normal BPM individual participants might just be
               | staying in rhythm, low BPM requires close attentiveness
               | to the whole to stay together.
        
               | gradschoolfail wrote:
               | Max Damien's Riverian monologue:
               | 
               | >> _Gemeinsamkeit_ <<
               | 
               | (usually translated to English as neither C nor S)
               | 
               | (Also contrasted with _Gesangverein_ )
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | From reading HN, it sounds as if many (at least among the
               | terminally online?) in the Old Country could stand to
               | verbesser their _Vereinsleben_ *.
               | 
               | When speaking with colleagues and friends still in the
               | Old Country, depending upon whether I wish to shock (or
               | not), I decide between saying I live (in a _Gemeinde_ )
               | or in a _commune_.
               | 
               | Lagniappe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MKIaS0lh-uo
               | 
               | * that said, tinder is still incredibly popular here;
               | kids these days!
               | 
               | EDIT: one notes the legacy of the pike square in that one
               | can still hear cries of "close ranks! close ranks!" in
               | the village square -- but these days it's used to mean
               | "scoot over a little on the party benches so the late
               | arrivals can fit in":
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ls4eU3txvFI
        
               | gradschoolfail wrote:
               | To riff on the risque, I advertise
               | 
               | [if forex, SPJ is allowed these days to be remembered for
               | idealizing the shitting of pants..]                 the
               | idea of experts' pants as a a commodity to die
               | metaphorically for
               | 
               | (With the caveat that some might enjoy seeing instead
               | what the experts are hiding when the tide [of fashion]
               | goes out)
               | 
               | (& one can e.g. with this explain, with mauvaise foi,
               | Hipour's smile)
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | Shirts are topologically indistinguishable from
               | crotchless pants; do we have a metric here?
               | 
               | https://www.thepsmiths.com/p/review-scaling-people-by-
               | claire... goes into the differences between (in 1984
               | terms) inner- and outer-party expertise (aka foxes and
               | lions? psychopaths and clueless? morlocks and eloi?).
               | 
               | Yeah, when you've already known since ever to discount
               | the wandering ones, what're a few more transients* to
               | ignore? :)
               | 
               | Lagniappe: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molniya_orbit
               | 
               | [could a signifyin' fox pass for a lion? someday I need
               | to track down RvRG, _Ich, Claudius, Kaiser und Gott_ ]
               | 
               | * but if you can _control_ transients, mode switching is
               | an excellent way to rummage around under the noise
               | floorboards for signal. (somewhere there 's an XKCD about
               | limitations of earth observation that was _way_ too
               | optimistic, and already had been for however long we 'd
               | had structured shutters)
        
               | gradschoolfail wrote:
               | Below the waterline? (Waistline if less charitable)
               | 
               | Ah havent read this article yet but anticipating
               | "insider" as a more distinguishing term than "experts"
               | should cover their edge cases
               | 
               | (Which secrets are shameful to share vs merely uh
               | inconvenient, e.g. for waistline, depends on how you draw
               | the party lines, some do it at type ii "zahlungsfaehig"
               | vs "proleten" as nsdap apparently another eg, for
               | waterline)
               | 
               | [do you have a fictional character for each of sigfox &
               | lion?]
               | 
               | So, where is the line for YC?
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | My bad: I got the fox and lion analogy wrong.
               | 
               | (NdBdM apparently said the prince ought to be able to be
               | both fox and lion; like HKH had both Knecht and
               | Designori? What about Tito?
               | 
               | " _The lion cannot protect himself from traps, and the
               | fox cannot defend himself from wolves. One must therefore
               | be a fox to recognize traps, and a lion to frighten
               | wolves._ "
               | 
               | [not yet checked for context/translation])
               | 
               | Sorry, I'd been too quick to assume it fit nicely in with
               | our early tripartitions, based on some blogiating that
               | I'm not finding in my verlauf at the moment. So I'd been
               | imagining TCCAG (in Graves' telling), d-d-disguising
               | himself as one of the clueless, in order to survive the
               | machinations of the psychopaths that had killed off every
               | other male in his family:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio-
               | Claudian_family_tree#Sim...
               | 
               | Found it: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circulation_of_el
               | ites#Governin... ; it must've been the Burnham connection
               | that set me off on 1984 and then to Rao. Note that here
               | the foxes and lions are distinct people; hence my
               | confusion.
               | 
               | EDIT: Pareto definitely thinks of foxes and lions as
               | distinct, but he must've introduced them somewhat earlier
               | than SS2178 (The Mind and Society/The General Form of
               | Society/Force and Class-circulation): https://archive.org
               | /details/ParetoTheMindAndSocietyVol4TheGe...
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | There's thousands of years of human societal development,
               | and millions of years for mammals. Hard to believe we'd
               | learned nothing about promoting social cohesion during
               | that time.
        
           | pjerem wrote:
           | Totally anecdotal and probably 99% placebo but I started
           | rollerblading (which also require _a lot_ of balance and
           | coordination) for the first time in my life, like, I take
           | courses in a skatepark and never wore rollerblades before
           | (I'm 33). After some weeks I'm totally perceiving "something"
           | changed in my brain. It's like doing mental things is somehow
           | easier.
           | 
           | I also happen to microdose since a few months ago but the
           | change I felt coincided exactly about when I felt my fear to
           | fall disappeared, when I "got" the balancing.
           | 
           | That's totally an anecdote and not science but this feeling
           | of change in my brain was so strong that I perceived it.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | I'd put all our stories in the same bag as taxi drivers
             | having brain areas very deeply developed.
             | 
             | I'm not surprised by your story. After health issues, my
             | brain was clogged most of the time, and anything involving
             | balance, rotation, rapidly moving surroundings. I tried a
             | lot of stuff to feel my brain working again, one of the
             | most impactful was balancing on a wood beam and trying to
             | pivot (not far from roller skates moves).
             | 
             | Our brain respond very well to some primitive stimuli
             | (visual, balance, geometry).
        
         | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
         | > The authors' claims about BDNF are supported by a p-value of
         | p = .046, and having main conclusions hinge on p-values of p >
         | .01 usually means the conclusions are rubbish.
         | 
         | Also, I don't have the references handy, but I recall other
         | studies showing that exercise-induced BDNF changes can be
         | mediated by e.g. air pollution. So even if the difference there
         | is real, it might be premature to attribute it specifically to
         | the mode of training.
        
           | tech_ken wrote:
           | This is a good point, maybe the dance studio has a better air
           | filtration system than the other exercise location
        
         | givemeethekeys wrote:
         | Do more complex movements stimulate our neural pathways more
         | than less complex movements?
        
         | tech_ken wrote:
         | > The authors' claims about BDNF are supported by a p-value of
         | p = .046, and having main conclusions hinge on p-values of p >
         | .01 usually means the conclusions are rubbish.
         | 
         | Your other points I agree with but I actually think the BDNF
         | result has some standing. I'm looking at Fig. 4 and just by an
         | eyeball test there's clear difference in the distributions of
         | the intra-individual BDNF increase. It's not like there's some
         | miniscule variation in the means that they make significant
         | with really small error bars, the actual effect size appears to
         | be notable. Moreover there's clearly some effect on the width
         | of the distributions which could support their ultimate
         | conclusion (ex. even if the mean effect is the same, it's
         | possible the population-wide ceiling on gains is higher for
         | dance).
         | 
         | Now with all that said this could definitely still be a
         | multiple comparisons thing, I'm just a statistician with no
         | background in neuro-stuff so possibly the BDNF thing is just a
         | bad indicator here. Certainly the behavioral outcomes not
         | showing an interaction difference isn't a great sign as you
         | point out, but in my personal and unimportant opinion I would
         | at least say this study would be good justification for a
         | follow-up with a better design and bigger population.
        
           | bogtog wrote:
           | I know nearly nothing about BDNF specifically. Whether it
           | should motivate a follow-up is mostly only something known to
           | the authors, as a p = .046 suggests a chance they may have
           | tested numerous outcome variables and reported only one
           | (e.g,. this could very well be 1/10). The fact that the
           | p-value is almost comically close to p = .05, makes me
           | suspect that this happened. Perhaps, if this goes in line
           | with other BDNF research, then that could motivate it some
           | further work.
           | 
           | Notably, even if we take this p = .046 as a given, and assume
           | there was no p-hacking, then this type of result implies that
           | statistical power is tiny, and a proper "bigger population"
           | study would likely have to be several hundreds of people.
           | Even a study with 50% power, should have a majority of
           | significant results land p < .01.
        
             | tech_ken wrote:
             | > assume there was no p-hacking
             | 
             | Agree that this is definitely an assumption one needs to
             | make, could easily be that BDNF was one variable among many
             | unreported ones, and this case would be consistent with the
             | other outcome variables in the paper so seems plausible.
             | 
             | > this type of result implies that statistical power is
             | tiny,
             | 
             | Yes, definitely, BUT the effect in question is an
             | interaction effect so yeah, power's just going to be small
             | from the nature of the design. I was definitely thinking
             | that you'd be looking at a follow up study of the size of
             | multiple hundreds to confirm something like this. I'm
             | realizing that thinking this is a trivial follow-up is is
             | the difference between someone actually might work on real
             | experiments and someone who just works with the numbers.
             | 
             | Just want to re-emphasize though that the thing which makes
             | me give this result (some) credence (assuming it's not a
             | desk drawer p-hack) is just the distributions of the
             | observation variable for the two treatment groups. Like
             | even if the means of the BDNF increase are equal between
             | the two arms of the trial, and this p-value is a false pos
             | (which as you say, seems very possible), there's still
             | clearly some other differences between the groups. I
             | strongly suspect a quantile regression on the p50 or p75,
             | rather than an ANOVA on the means, would show a 'more
             | significant' effect; heck even just a log-linear model or
             | something seems like it would be an improvement since
             | there's clearly some skew in the 'Dance' population.
        
         | jon_richards wrote:
         | See also the dead salmon study
         | https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/scicurious-brain/ign...
        
           | hunter-gatherer wrote:
           | > "The original poster almost didn't make it to a conference,
           | but when it did, it made a major splash"
           | 
           | Best pun ever.
        
         | yellow_postit wrote:
         | Replicability was my first thought as well. These papers make
         | great headlines but how much shaky pyramids of conclusions are
         | built on non-reproducible conclusions?
        
         | kukkeliskuu wrote:
         | I have done lots of free-form couples dancing (over 20 years,
         | several times per week, some of it in complex styles like
         | argentine tango) and in my first-hand experience the major
         | difference from other kinds of exercise is that you need to
         | harmonize your movements with your partner and music, and you
         | need to improvise. The complexity of the movement is not it,
         | nor the "exercise".
         | 
         | There is lots of other research suggesting that couples dancing
         | is more beneficial to the mental health and memory than other
         | kinds of exercise.
         | 
         | That said (and having no background in an very little knowledge
         | of MRI research), I am also skeptical like you that there would
         | appear such clear visible signs so soon in the brain images.
        
           | johtso wrote:
           | I also wonder if even just the close physical contact itself
           | has a positive impact on brain chemistry.
        
           | Notatheist wrote:
           | I'm a professional dancer and music and freestyle are the
           | most demanding aspects of dance by far.
           | 
           | That said I'm also skeptical. Music and dance are being
           | compared to "bicycle ergometers" and "training with equipment
           | such as barbells and rubber bands". I'm pretty sure only one
           | of these groups was having any fun. Unless the dance group
           | were forced to social dance bachata in which case the misery
           | probably evens out.
        
             | zemvpferreira wrote:
             | You might be surprised at how many people enjoy the feeling
             | of grinding out improvement in the gym. In my experience it
             | can be a lot more fun than dancing for certain personality
             | types (mine included)
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | And for the exercise only group: > We avoided combined arm
             | and leg movements in order to keep coordinative demands low
             | 
             | I'm skeptical too. You have one group that is doing
             | something that takes full body coordination, with lots of
             | different inputs and improvisation, versus something they
             | attempted to minimize those aspects of. Not to mention the
             | social parts of dancing with others.
             | 
             | But also hey, social dancing bachata is fun! If you're ever
             | in NYC a good friend of mine teaches it at Pearl dance
             | studio.
        
         | aswegs8 wrote:
         | I lack the in-depth knowledge but correcting p-value thresholds
         | for multiple hypotheses is very basic science. I doubt your
         | criticism is valid given that some basic error like this would
         | never pass peer review.
        
           | bogtog wrote:
           | Correcting for p-values in brain imaging research is kinda
           | elaborate, since you are essentially performing a t-test
           | separately for each brain voxel. A brain image like the
           | authors' will have about a million voxels (0.7 x 0.7 x 0.7 mm
           | voxels). For multiple hypothesis correction, correcting for 1
           | million tests would be overly strict because neighboring
           | voxels are highly correlated with one another, and it's
           | unlikely for brain effects to really be confined to such a
           | small area. Hence, researchers usually define a primary
           | threshold for voxels (here p < .001 uncorrected), and then
           | look for patches of many p < .001 voxels together. Here, the
           | authors stated that they looked for patches of at least 50
           | contiguous voxels. The authors are just using some loose old-
           | timey heuristic without justification or citation. These have
           | been getting phased out mostly in the past decade. These
           | types of heuristics don't actually test to establish that
           | these thresholds won't yield tons of false positives (one of
           | the best ways to do this is to basically randomly shuffle
           | your data and see what are the actual cluster sizes generated
           | by chance).
           | 
           | > some basic error like this would never pass peer review
           | 
           | It indeed shouldn't pass peer review! Yet, here we are. I
           | think standards have gotten better since the paper's
           | publication (2018), but there are no doubt there are still
           | many reviewers who don't have a good intuition about what a
           | significant cluster size should be. Off the top of my head, I
           | can't give an exact number on the cluster size needed, but
           | I'd be willing to bet a ton that what the authors used is not
           | enough.
        
         | bbstats wrote:
         | I think all the things that dance brings to the table over the
         | mean "exercise" are clear first-principles wins (using your
         | whole body, listening and dancing in rhythm, listening to
         | music, letting yourself go / being silly)
        
       | maxwell wrote:
       | https://youtu.be/BD-z8ZqVpP8?si=yBdJmDrDWXrJMpvz
        
       | rqtwteye wrote:
       | I think that's why I prefer exercise with some level of freedom.
       | Free weights feel more engaging than machines. A fast hike up a
       | mountain feels better than running on a treadmill indoors.
        
       | djmips wrote:
       | My hope is that DDR is a form of dance training.
        
       | chaostheory wrote:
       | I found the Les Mill's XR Dance to be a great workout app in VR.
       | 
       | https://www.meta.com/experiences/app/6212696172191478
       | 
       | The research results aren't surprising since dance is more
       | complicated than something like HIIT. Martial arts training would
       | likely have a similar effect unless sparring involved lots of
       | hits to the head.
        
       | svilen_dobrev wrote:
       | One dancer-and-programmer friend of mine invented the below
       | thinking, after i introduced him into the "relation is an object"
       | paradigm in software..:                 When movement becomes
       | dance?       Dance is the "relation" between movement and
       | meaning. The key is whether someone can put it / sense it .
       | someone = a dancer or the-other-kind-of-dancer-called-spectator
       | meaning = very-very abstract. Like, even concentration can be
       | meaning
        
       | ericmcer wrote:
       | I don't have any science behind this, but it makes sense that
       | training more complex motions would trigger greater brain
       | improvements.
       | 
       | Dance vs basketball or some other high coordination/skill
       | activity might have less disparity than say dance vs. exercise
       | bike.
        
         | macintux wrote:
         | Speaking as someone who tried to take a tap class as an adult,
         | only to discover it was for people who were already experienced
         | dancers: yes, dance training is vastly more complex than
         | exercise.
         | 
         | Update: what absolutely killed me is that we would run through
         | a complex step two or three times, and we were expected to be
         | able to practice at home. I didn't understand what we were
         | doing _while_ we were doing it, there was no way I could
         | reproduce it.
        
           | eep_social wrote:
           | I think gp's point was that "exercise" encompasses a range
           | from stationary bike to olympic lifts. Dancing is on the same
           | end of that range as olympic lifting or a sport like
           | basketball insofar as they all require intentional practice.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | What works is to go through the steps very slowly. As it
           | moves into muscle memory, you can speed it up.
           | 
           | Dance training is a whole body thing. There's steps, ankle
           | position, foot turnout, posture, what to do with your arms,
           | what to do with your fingers, where your eyes are looking,
           | and on and on.
           | 
           | The very first thing, though, is getting the steps into your
           | muscle memory. Then one by one, you start layering on the
           | rest.
        
           | alaithea wrote:
           | I've danced extensively, and tap can be brutal for the sheer
           | number of steps you need to remember. Other dance
           | disciplines, like ballet, tend to chunk sets of smaller
           | movements into a larger, named one, so once you learn those
           | sequences, it's easy to learn and recall longer routines. The
           | way ballet is put together aligns with advice from brain
           | science about chunking objects in memory for better recall.
           | But tap has few of those chunked sequences, other than the
           | "time step," so you're left trying to parse long strings of
           | very finite instructions. "Left ball right heel left flap
           | ball change..." Personally I found it overwhelming and didn't
           | pursue tap into the most advanced levels for that reason.
           | 
           | Aside: it seemed like neurotypical folks struggled less with
           | tap than I did as an AuDHD person, so tap may land
           | differently with different neurotypes.
        
             | astura wrote:
             | People are different, I tap danced for years but I found
             | ballet almost impossible to pick up for it's complexity and
             | dumb poses.
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | >chunking objects in memory for better recall //
             | 
             | Can you share your source on this?
             | 
             | Tangentially related wittering (I have flu, I'm a bit
             | illucid rn): I do karate, I find sequenced moves to be a
             | real mental struggle. But then I couldn't skip until I was
             | a teenager. I blame/describe that as arrhythmia. I can't
             | clap in time either.
        
               | zeroxfe wrote:
               | >>chunking objects in memory for better recall //
               | 
               | > Can you share your source on this?
               | 
               | I haven't seen the research on this, but it makes
               | intuitive sense to me as a musician. It was the only way
               | I could learn long complex pieces.
        
               | LeonB wrote:
               | The book "Peak" - and other works by that author detail
               | studies related to this.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peak:_Secrets_from_the_Ne
               | w_S...
               | 
               | > The book was written partly as a response to the
               | misrepresented but increasingly commonplace idea of the
               | "10,000-hour rule," popularized by Malcolm Gladwell in
               | his 2008 book Outliers and which Gladwell had based on
               | Ericsson's own research.
        
               | Anthony-G wrote:
               | Thanks for that reference. Having read _Outliers_ years
               | ago, _Peak_ sounds like a useful follow-on and the
               | concept of "deliberate practice" makes sense to me.
               | 
               | I've been learning guitar over the past couple of years
               | and I still struggle with many aspects (with good rhythm
               | and timing being the most difficult). I'm mostly self-
               | taught (justinguitar.com) but have recently started a
               | music class to get feedback on my playing. My wife is
               | also learning Mandarin and it sounds like the kind of
               | book that she'd be interested in.
        
               | alaithea wrote:
               | Sure. There's a Wikipedia page on Chunking.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chunking_(psychology)
               | 
               | Arrhythmia and trouble doing sequenced moves... that's
               | interesting. I can't quite make the connection but
               | wouldn't be surprised if there is one. On the flip side,
               | I've actually used rhythm to help me memorize things at
               | times, e.g. saying multiplication tables like they're a
               | poem or a chant. My kid just picked this up from me and
               | started doing it on her own and it seemed to accelerate
               | her learning.
        
               | kmoser wrote:
               | Have you tried verbalizing as an aid to learning
               | sequenced moves?
        
           | UniverseHacker wrote:
           | I have experience with a few types of dance including salsa
           | and bachata, and also compete as a strength athlete- and find
           | some of the more complex weight lifting moves- such as the
           | push jerk- a lot harder and more technical than anything I've
           | learned dancing. If every aspect of your timing and form
           | aren't perfect, it simply does not work at heavier weights,
           | and can take years of constant practice to perfect. The extra
           | burden of having to output 100 percent effort while trying to
           | do everything else perfect is very mentally demanding.
        
             | justsee wrote:
             | Beyond fundamental moves in any partner dance style, the
             | complexity increases significantly.
             | 
             | It's not just your coordination and flexibility in placing
             | legs, feet, arms, hands, torso in various positions at the
             | right time, it's also leading your follower, adapting to
             | their own abilities, tension, movement, mobility, and mood,
             | connecting with them energetically, with the music, with
             | the floor, and practicing dance floor awareness to avoid
             | collisions with other dancers, adapt your moves to a
             | rapidly shifting available dance space, and being creative
             | and spontaneous.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | I imagine, being an art form, there is almost limitless
               | possibility for complexity and difficulty in dance.
               | However, I would argue the same is also true for strength
               | sports, which ultimately are a type of martial art. I
               | don't think one is categorically simpler than the other-
               | they both offer people of any skill and ability level
               | lifelong challenges. My point was not to claim dance was
               | easy but that "exercise" is not always something simple
               | and mindless that once learned you just tune out and let
               | your body do. Personally, I can't stick with something
               | boring- having ADHD, exercise is only possible for me if
               | it is also fully mentally engaging.
        
               | djtango wrote:
               | I'd argue dance has a higher skill floor but both have a
               | high skill ceiling.
               | 
               | With dance you need minimum 4 limb coordination (its more
               | than this) to get started. You need rhythm and you need
               | to memorize choreo.
               | 
               | At low weights lifting is pretty straightforward even for
               | Olympic lifts. But your form only gets found out as you
               | increase load and there's high risk of injury, and as you
               | say you need a high focus.
               | 
               | As someone said - you chose the exception to the rule and
               | the average person needs to use exercise machines because
               | they lack the body awareness to even attempt strength
               | sports.
               | 
               | That said the technical timing to strength sports is
               | different to rhythm in dance/music. They both take focus
               | but I think the brain is engaged differently. Especially
               | as lifting is usually one movement and the movement is
               | performed in a short burst. Whereas dance is a long
               | sequence and usually a very different energy profile
               | which is important. I do a lot of stuff but I recommend
               | dance to people (as someone who doesn't really dance
               | myself) because it forces you to relax in a way a lot of
               | other exercise forms don't
        
             | kelnos wrote:
             | I think that's the exception that proves the rule, though,
             | no?
             | 
             | The majority of strength and cardio exercises are fairly
             | simple to learn. Getting your form 100% correct is
             | certainly more work, but generally not much.
             | 
             | Basic partner dancing can certainly seem fairly simple, but
             | you very quickly move out of that and into the realm of
             | most things being complicated. And even with the basics, if
             | you actually focus on the technique, it's already a lot
             | more complicated than most workout exercises.
             | 
             | I do expect that some forms of martial arts could be
             | comparable (or perhaps even higher) in complexity to
             | partner dance, though. But I'm not sure if I'd consider
             | martial arts to be exercise as much as it's a sport or
             | hobby.
             | 
             | (Source: former competitive ballroom and latin dancer.)
        
               | joncrocks wrote:
               | At lower weights, it's easy to 'have good form'. The
               | muscles can easily compensate for each other and one
               | doesn't have to think too much about which muscles to
               | contract/focus on.
               | 
               | As the weight increases, it requires more focus to ensure
               | that you are keeping your form and positioning and even
               | just to engage your muscles `in the right way`. Form
               | becomes more important/a pre-requisite in a way that
               | ramps up as the weight increases as mistakes become
               | harder to correct on-the-fly. The tolerances decrease and
               | so the technique becomes more important.
        
               | snapcaster wrote:
               | Yeah, still way way easier than even basic dancing though
        
             | kukkeliskuu wrote:
             | I have 20 years experience in dancing couples dances, with
             | lots of private classes on technique in some styles, as
             | well three years in weight training with several times per
             | week with a PT who specialized in and taught me weight
             | training technique. (I am not very muscular, though, so I
             | am not saying this to brag, just to give you some idea of
             | my background).
             | 
             | I have had a really bad body coordination, so I have had to
             | learn everything the hard way. So I know A LOT of theory --
             | and over time, I have learned to coordinate my body much
             | better. But some kinesthetic people are still naturals and
             | move better than I do.
             | 
             | I agree with you that the major difference between dancing
             | and other sports is probably not in the complexity of the
             | movement. I think that the biggest difference is in
             | improvisation and need to harmonize movement with your
             | partner and music.
             | 
             | I also agree with you that there is almost no limit in
             | either field on how detailed you can be in your body
             | movements.
             | 
             | But even within weight training there appear to be various
             | approaches, based on different goals. In my training, I
             | almost never used 100 percent effort. Rather, the muscles
             | were constantly stimulated with similar but different
             | movements, all the time varying the stimulus. The muscles
             | grow in rest.
             | 
             | It is very similar to how I have learned to dance. On the
             | social dance floor, there are always limitations (such as
             | other couples, tables, walls, music etc.) that come up.
             | When you are improvising, you need to adjust your movements
             | constantly (varying step length, direction, the movement
             | you are doing etc.). And over time, you have experienced
             | everything that can happen, and your body has learned to
             | react to it, so "you" (i.e. your analytical mind) can relax
             | and let the body move.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | I don't use 100 percent effort when actually training-
               | only during competition. Mostly because the risk of
               | injury, equipment required, and safety preparations for
               | 100 percent effort are substantial- and the recovery time
               | afterwards takes a week or more.
               | 
               | That said, when I was a beginner I used "100 percent
               | effort" a lot- because as a beginner my 100 percent
               | effort was probably only really about 70 percent, I
               | lacked the mental ability and pain tolerance for true 100
               | percent effort.
        
           | viraptor wrote:
           | You got thrown into a class above your skill level. That's
           | bad on the teacher for not telling you really. Once you know
           | the basics the rest is easier to build on top of that, but
           | otherwise it's like trying to tell someone about design
           | patterns while they're still struggling with syntax in
           | programming.
           | 
           | If you liked the idea, give it a go with beginners again.
           | You'll get back to that higher level soon anyway.
        
           | j45 wrote:
           | Another factor also seems to be how learning differs between
           | adult brains, and non-adult brains.
           | 
           | A child's brain isn't finished forming till about age 25-26,
           | when the prefrontal cortex finally matures, from my
           | understanding. [1][2]
           | 
           | Once Adult brain is in the drivers seat, learning isn't how
           | it used to be in school. That can be better and worse.
           | Generally, for adults, it can be more useful to try to start
           | from where they are and learn one step outward from there.
           | 
           | Adults having to learn something new can.. sometimes by
           | different means. A dance instructor friend mentioned they
           | could make two left feet better (not perfect) by teaching
           | them to practice the micro movements, one at a time,
           | sometimes for hundreds of reps, and then putting them
           | together slowly.[3][4]
           | 
           | Anecdotal again, but when I tried learning a move the same
           | way, it wasn't as hard learning it a bit at a time vs just
           | throwing myself into it.
           | 
           | We know muscle memory is a thing for using tools like Vim and
           | keyboard shortcuts, so I don't think it's out of the realm of
           | possibility.[5][6]
           | 
           | References:
           | 
           | [1] Development Period of Prefrontal Cortex "Prefrontal
           | cortex matures around age 25."
           | https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70083
           | 
           | [2] Development of the Prefrontal Cortex "Prefrontal cortex
           | development extends into adulthood."
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41583-019-0149-4
           | 
           | [3] Neuroplasticity Subserving Motor Skill Learning "Motor
           | skill learning involves neuroplasticity."
           | https://www.cell.com/neuron/fulltext/S0896-6273(11)00903-9
           | 
           | [4] Motor Learning and Plasticity "Practice leads to changes
           | in motor cortex organization."
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3921001/
           | 
           | [5] Experience-Dependent Structural Plasticity in the Adult
           | Human Brain "Adult brain changes structurally with new
           | experiences."
           | https://academic.oup.com/cercor/article/15/4/458/312872
           | 
           | [6] Micro-learning in the Age of Neuroscience https://www.fro
           | ntiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.6401... "Micro-
           | learning enhances retention and mastery."
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | Try taking modern dance. They have the huge choreography that
           | you need to memorize, with like 19 degrees of freedom and
           | then 40 minutes through the class the instructor says, "flip
           | it over" and you need to perform the mirror image of all
           | those movements. You can't handle the chirality!
        
             | alaithea wrote:
             | Truth. Sometimes the modern dance movements don't even have
             | names; it's a wiggle in this direction or that, so you're
             | using either photo- or kinesthetic memory to mimic and
             | remember if you're able.
        
           | noufalibrahim wrote:
           | I teach Karate to kids and many of the forms require some
           | amount of coordination and quick movement. A little thinking
           | ahead and awareness of where your own limbs are (I think it's
           | called proprioception). I've been doing this for a long time
           | and can make reasonable accurate judgments about my physical
           | abilities (how far I can jump etc.). But it's a skill that's
           | quite demanding for new learners and that became quite
           | apparent to me when I started teaching. I think it would be
           | similar learning dancing (especially complex moves).
           | 
           | For forms, we had to practice it till it became muscle memory
           | and then it would automatically come up when we needed it and
           | influence our moves even outside of the forms. I can relate
           | to your experience about not understanding. However, the
           | knowledge is additive and if you start small and keep
           | practicing, you develop a skill to understand the
           | forms/patterns at a larger level with some kinds of cues and
           | it's vastly easier to remember and perform. THis also
           | requires a teacher who can ease you into the complex stuff
           | without dumping it all on you.
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | In fact dance based exercise like Zumba, or boxing even, is
         | very helpful with folks suffering Parkinson's because it
         | require multiple tasks be processed at once - rhythm, hand,
         | foot, observation of the lead. This induces plasticity which is
         | crucial in staving Parkinson's decline. So I find it strange to
         | assert exercise alone is the beneficial component as it's clear
         | in pathological situations where increasing plasticity yields
         | slower declines dance and complex exercise that requires many
         | integrated tasks is superior to simple exercise.
        
         | vunderba wrote:
         | I was thinking the same thing too. I mean shocker: high cardio
         | + spatial awareness > high cardio alone.
         | 
         | For your money, you can't beat games like Pump It Up for a
         | combination of HIIT (High Intensity Interval training) and the
         | additional cognitive load that comes from the choreography of
         | your steps and rhythmic timing.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | It could also be the _social_ aspect of dance. Dancing requires
         | interacting with people that general exercise does not.
         | 
         | Social interaction has been shown over and over and over to
         | have a beneficial effect on people.
        
         | dangom wrote:
         | Depends on what you mean by "improvements". Is it coordination?
         | Is it sustained increased blood flow? I would imagine that
         | different bike exercise regimens could induce more variation in
         | fitness than the comparison dance vs exercise alone.
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | Sure, it sounds like it would make sense, but that's not
         | necessarily how the brain actually works.
         | 
         | This study doesn't really seem to prove or even suggest
         | anything either way, assuming GP's evaluation of their
         | methodology is correct.
         | 
         | "Armchair neuroscientist" is not a game anyone can play well.
         | (I say this because I know several actual neuroscientists, and
         | they are constantly telling me about ways the brain works that
         | are very counterintuitive.)
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | Out of curiousity do you have any examples of some of the
           | ways?
        
       | blueyes wrote:
       | Dance requires balance and often involves social interaction,
       | while lots of physical exercise does not. Balance and more
       | precisely imbalance is a good way to stimulate adrenaline in the
       | brain, which can accelerate learning. Claude Shannon, fwiw, loved
       | unicycles.
        
       | ziofill wrote:
       | I don't find this hard to believe. I'm no brain scientist, but
       | dance puts together several senses and proprioception: music,
       | rhythm, one's position in 3D space, balance, _and_ physical
       | exercise...
        
       | pandemic_region wrote:
       | .... in the elderly.
        
       | alunchbox wrote:
       | A book I read 'spark' by John J Ratey, discussed this in a few
       | chapters. Cardio/Running at 70% maximum heart rate lead to brain
       | plasticity and even allowing new synapses to make connections and
       | grow. However, he did argue an exercise that also required
       | concentration e.g dancing, basketball, skateboarding would have
       | better results.
       | 
       | It's absolutely crazy, that we misunderstand how our brains are
       | intended to work in the old world. Our brains are for movement,
       | the ability to think, plan and utilize tools appears to have been
       | a happy accident that allowed our ancestor an advantage in
       | survival.
       | 
       | brains be braining.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | sophisticated coordination and balance are the most effectful
         | brain stimulation i know, it also makes you develop a different
         | understanding of space and time which makes you calmer (larger
         | planning abilities maybe ?)
        
         | __turbobrew__ wrote:
         | I like trail running. It combines cardio with balance and
         | problem solving (where do you place your feet, dodging
         | obstacles, recovering from stumbles, very dynamic compared to
         | running on a road or treadmill).
         | 
         | I strongly believe that trail running is much less prone to
         | cause repetitive stress injuries, I see so many people pound
         | thousands of kilometres on pavement and then wonder why their
         | knees give out at 45.
         | 
         | On the other side I know people getting injured when trail
         | running, but it always seems to be acute (like scraping a knee
         | or spraining an ankle) and they are back at it within a week or
         | two.
         | 
         | Finally, at a pseudoscience level I believe that we as humans
         | evolved to run over uneven semi-soft ground and therefore trail
         | running is one of the most natural movements.
        
       | tgv wrote:
       | One should really not draw conclusions based on this.
       | 
       | * It's a (small) group of 63-80 year olds.
       | 
       | * There's no evidence for increased neuro-plasticity. How could
       | there be? There's only an dubious effect on BDNF plasma and "BDNF
       | may be a possible mediating factor of adult neuroplasticity".
       | 
       | * The groups start out with a difference, but by misapplying
       | statistics, they conclude there's no difference.
        
       | laristine wrote:
       | For a research article, modifiers may be more important in
       | imposing constraints and necessary insights in cause and effect.
       | The full title of this article is "Dance training is superior to
       | _repetitive_ physical exercise in inducing brain plasticity _in
       | the elderly_ ".
       | 
       | While the current title on HN is "Dance training superior to
       | physical exercise in inducing brain plasticity".
        
         | lukas099 wrote:
         | Yes, came here to say that the HN title is misleading.
        
       | polishdude20 wrote:
       | On the same note, has anyone joined any dance classes alone? What
       | did you join? How was it going alone? Did you make friends? Do
       | you still do it?
        
         | momojo wrote:
         | Can I ask how old you are? How many of your friends are
         | interested in dance? Are you interested because others are
         | going or does it stem from an intrinsic desire?
         | 
         | Many of my friends (late 20's, early 30s) wouldn't dream of
         | being the first on a dance floor, or trying a class. I think
         | most would rather shoot hoops or go hiking. Dance doesn't even
         | occur to them as an option.
         | 
         | My personal theory is that there's a stigma. Social dancing is
         | what old people do. (Although I don't want to discount the
         | k-pop dance scene I witnessed in college. That had a more
         | performative aspect to it though, like marching band).
        
           | polishdude20 wrote:
           | I'm 31. None of my friends are interested. I mainly wanna try
           | swing dancing because I saw a video of a competition and it
           | looked like so much fun. It's really cool seeing people be
           | able to command their body confidently and I see that and
           | think "I wanna do that".
        
             | potatochup wrote:
             | Just do it! Most venues have a beginner class that is
             | specifically designed for people who have never danced
             | (there will likely be others in the same boat as you). I
             | started a few years ago, now I teach it and it's all I do
             | in my spare time. It's also a great hobby because you can
             | either go all in like me, or show up once a week for 1h and
             | still have good time, meet people etc
             | 
             | (based on your username), Poland has a great scene by the
             | way.
        
               | polishdude20 wrote:
               | I will see if there's places near me! And I'm actually in
               | Vancouver hehe.
        
         | allenu wrote:
         | I did about ten years ago and danced weekly for 5+ years (swing
         | dancing). I joined classes alone and it went totally fine. You
         | make friends in the class and if you go dancing regularly, you
         | see the same people, so you start forming a community. Best of
         | all, people who go to the dances are there to dance and not get
         | drunk, so it's a great, safe way to meet other people who want
         | to socialize, too.
         | 
         | I stopped going regularly after a little over 5 years, mostly
         | because I was plateauing in my dancing and getting bored with
         | it. In my experience, you plateau multiple times, just as with
         | any skill, but you find a way to get better and more creative,
         | but at that point, my heart wasn't into improving anymore so I
         | wasn't enjoying it as much. I definitely keep telling myself to
         | get back into it, however, because it's such a great social
         | outlet.
         | 
         | I'll also add that it's a really great activity because it's
         | physical, it's creative, and it's social. Partner dancing
         | forces you to learn how to work with other people and
         | communicate better. Not everyone you dance with has the same
         | skill level and you might think you're doing well communicating
         | (when you're leading) but after dancing with several people you
         | find out right away where you're not doing a good job.
         | 
         | I also did find that it made me more aware of my movements and
         | improved my musicality. I got better at watching other people
         | dance and seeing what movements they made and how they
         | choreographed their "routines". That kind of tickled a
         | different part of my brain I hadn't used before in any other
         | activity. The "plateauing" I mentioned earlier forced me to get
         | better at watching others and repeating what they did as well
         | as seeing what I was doing and trying to change it up if it was
         | getting stale.
        
       | 3523582908 wrote:
       | My own personal experience, but my 80 year old FIL changed a lot
       | after he started going to dance classes. He was always in decent
       | physical health, but prior to the classes he was a very stressed,
       | unhappy, solitary type of person. Since then he's become much
       | more extroverted, social, and generally happier.
       | 
       | Obviously I think the benefits are more than just the dancing
       | itself, such as the community, but even when you ask him directly
       | about what he thinks caused the change he points to dance
       | classes.
        
       | veidelis wrote:
       | I've heard that learning new types of motions helps to increase
       | brain plasticity. I would assume it works best with some amount
       | of cardio exercises.
        
       | not5150 wrote:
       | It would be interesting to see the results compared to martial
       | arts, specifically martial arts which require you to perform
       | kata/forms or a set of prearranged moves/strike. So it's
       | basically like a dance, but something like block, punch, turn,
       | kick low, kick high, spinning back kick, etc for 1-3 minutes.
       | 
       | American Kenpo brown belt kata I'm looking at you!
        
       | riedel wrote:
       | I remember that going through a lot of media (actually back in
       | 2015 already) in Germany. My parents in law (in their 80s) dance
       | a lot and can assure it actually keeps them really fit. However,
       | I never learned to dance and I wonder really if I can really
       | learn it when I go to pension age..
       | 
       | Previous discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23946732
        
       | mikhmha wrote:
       | A bit unrelated to the main topic but whenever I exceed a certain
       | threshold of smoking cannabis (>0.3g) it seems to induce some
       | automatic rhythmic movement in me. If there's music playing I can
       | tune into the rhythm of the music. If there's no music, I will
       | move around a lot while twisting my limbs, stretching my arms,
       | holding positions and breathing, in various rhythmic and also
       | strange ways. Some people have described it resembling a form of
       | yoga or tai-chi. Whatever it is, it feels like a benefit? I've
       | noticed my posture has improved and in the gym my numbers have
       | also gone up despite 0 diet changes. Its like a full body stretch
       | that activates all these minor muscles in my body.
       | 
       | I don't know - whenever I think about quitting this "bad" habit,
       | I remember that it would just be replaced by sitting around
       | looking at my phone. Being put into this physical trance by a
       | drug has to be infinitely more healthy than that right? I trade
       | one addiction for another.
        
         | dsclough wrote:
         | THCs effects on proprioception are interesting enough to be
         | worth pursuing if you have any interests in the physical realm.
         | Dancing, climbing, lifting weights, running. Clearly one should
         | be careful and I wish weed was still good for me but it's just
         | anxiety city so I'll leave it to the folks who haven't ruined
         | their brains to enjoy.
        
       | pgt wrote:
       | Dance is more social than solo physical exercise. Would make
       | sense that it triggers more brain activity in different areas.
        
       | tech_ken wrote:
       | To anyone who knows: have their been similar comparison studies
       | between non-exercise movement and exercise movement? Like cycling
       | vs. learning the piano?
        
       | yowayb wrote:
       | Anecdotally, I've found that dancing feels good physically, but
       | also connects you psychologically and culturally with others.
       | More intense activity like CrossFit for example also builds
       | connection, but I don't think you need to go that hard to reap
       | physical benefits, especially as we age.
        
       | ropable wrote:
       | My personal assumption (unsupported by evidence) is that the
       | social aspect of dance training might be as big of a factor in
       | any supposed difference here. Dance classes are inherently more
       | social group activities than many type of structured "physical
       | exercise" (e.g. strength training in the gym, running, etc.)
        
       | lamnguyenx wrote:
       | I have the same question to playing the piano. By every piano
       | playing (30-60 mins per day), can we enhance our brain capacity
       | and delay the age of dementia?
        
       | Nevermark wrote:
       | For me, exercise with physical-mental integration, it's Beat
       | Saber. But played with strict adherence to edged weapon form.
       | 
       | I must only cut with the "sharp side" of my light saber, and
       | cutting must take the form of contact then pulling back hard to
       | slice (you don't push a blade through meat).
       | 
       | Also, you can't stand there. The enemy is going to slice you, and
       | avoid your attacks much more easily if you just stand in one
       | place. So never stop moving, high, low, side to side, back &
       | forth.
       | 
       | Attack and cut from every angle. From over, from under, from
       | every possible stance. Dance, motherflamingo, dance!
       | 
       | All this with maximum speed & force.
       | 
       | And no blade crossing. Duh!
       | 
       | Now work your way up in difficulty. You learn to move like a
       | samurai. You don't have a choice!
       | 
       | I wish the game had settings that enforced these constraints,
       | along with more complex target motion & rotation. And
       | moving/rotating shielded target sides that reduced your attack
       | options. But just imagining the constraints, just as it is, works
       | fine.
       | 
       | It also helps to have a large enough area where your VR
       | boundaries are all but irrelevant. And no pauses between songs -
       | one album at a time, straight out. You don't get a break in
       | battle!
       | 
       | One thing I have learned. If I ever had to fight in a real epic
       | He Zhan  (gah-sen), I would want my AirPods and tunes!
        
         | snapcaster wrote:
         | This sounds so awesome. Beat saber but actually sword fighting
         | seems fun as hell. Surprised now this doesn't already exist
        
       | binkethy wrote:
       | What a weird human mistake to create such a false dichotomy.
       | Don't tell me longboard surfers aren't dancers. Lessons
       | schmessons, move your body and learn how to control its movements
       | to better express yourself and better manipulate it with respect
       | to its context, whether in water, suspended from a giant sash, or
       | rolling on a wooden floor.
        
       | omayomay wrote:
       | This conclusion on "Dance" is to narrow i think. What about
       | TaiChi/QiGong? Or martial arts? or yoga?
       | 
       | Instead, maybe, the research might have focused for "exercises
       | that requires high coordination and awareness of body is superior
       | to weightlifting"
        
       | wvh wrote:
       | I'm an avid trail runner, which requires a lot of (quoting
       | another poster) balance, coordination and fluidity. How would
       | dance differ from that? My mostly uneducated guess is that moving
       | in lots of different ways, having lots of social contact and
       | ensuring variety in what you eat just exercises the brain and
       | body and challenges them to stay at peak performance, in balance
       | and not atrophy.
       | 
       | Being a modern human being is about learning to fight comfort and
       | energy conservation.
        
       | game_the0ry wrote:
       | Strange title -- isn't dance training a physical exercise?
        
       | neves wrote:
       | I really like the studies that Dancing is better for depression
       | than antidepressants: https://www.independent.co.uk/life-
       | style/dance-best-exercise...
        
       | mythrwy wrote:
       | Not surprised in the least if this is the case.
       | 
       | I have no experience with this app/company but I understand there
       | is some evidence for timing based exercises helping cognition.
       | 
       | https://www.interactivemetronome.com/
        
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