[HN Gopher] Dance training superior to physical exercise in indu...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Dance training superior to physical exercise in inducing brain
       plasticity (2018)
        
       Author : Tomte
       Score  : 195 points
       Date   : 2024-10-03 14:01 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (journals.plos.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (journals.plos.org)
        
       | riffic wrote:
       | embodied cognition is definitely an interesting concept to
       | explore. I know I get really interesting thoughts when I go for a
       | walk.
       | 
       | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/embodied-cognition/
        
       | cdiamand wrote:
       | "Regarding cognition, both groups improved in attention and
       | spatial memory, but no significant group differences emerged."
       | 
       | So, the dance group showed increase volume of brain matter. Is
       | there a benefit to having the extra brain volume, even if it
       | doesn't lead to improved cognition?
       | 
       | Is it possible that increased volume just helped them become
       | better dancers?
        
         | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
         | Musical cognition is loosely connected to attention (maybe
         | disconnected entirely by this metric, music seems special) and
         | spatial memory is irrelevant. So "better dancers" seems a bit
         | myopic, they might be improving their understanding of rhythm
         | and melody in a more general sense.
         | 
         | (IMO the headline-level conclusion of this study is
         | unsurprising - dancing is far more cognitively demanding than
         | gym exercise!)
        
         | yapyap wrote:
         | > Is there a benefit to having the extra brain volume, even if
         | it doesn't lead to improved cognition?
         | 
         | ever seen megamind?
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | Cognition and memory are easily measurable brain functions but
         | are not the exclusive function of the brain. As a conserving
         | machine a healthy brain building volume is indicative of
         | improvement in some function otherwise it wouldn't bother
         | building the volume.
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | I got into dance a few years ago, and N=1 sure, but the big
         | changes I observed as a result were improvements in
         | proprioception, balance, sense of tempo, and I also gained the
         | ability to deconstruct music in my head, and listen to
         | different parts of it (e.g. only pay attention to the guitar or
         | the drums or the vocals).
         | 
         | Like does this make me better at programming? Probably not. But
         | the skills you gain do have other usages outside of dance, and
         | honestly also kind of enrich life in general.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | Balance training (standing on a ball type thing) also is supposed
       | to help ADHD.
        
         | unshavedyak wrote:
         | Can you link anything on the subject? Sounds like a simple
         | device you could own at home and spend 10m a day on balancing.
        
           | vitaflo wrote:
           | Really don't even need a device. I practice balancing on one
           | leg with my eyes closed while brushing my teeth every morning
           | (I've progressively made it harder over time). I mostly do
           | this to keep up my balance skills for mountain biking and
           | it's helped quite a bit, especially during winter when I ride
           | less.
        
             | username44 wrote:
             | You mentioned progressively making it harder, I've seen the
             | following strategies to make balancing more difficult.
             | Combining them all can be challenging:
             | 
             | 1. Arms crossed on your chest 2. Eyes closed 3. Swinging
             | your head left and right, like an exaggerated "no"
        
           | svilen_dobrev wrote:
           | on the opposite end of simple-or-cheap, e-foiling Does train
           | your balance. esp. in windy "cabbage-salad" waves with
           | medusas and rubbish floating around :/
        
         | changing1999 wrote:
         | This (intuitively) makes sense, since standing on a ball
         | requires full focus, can't really get distracted.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Does it though? Balancing doesn't seem like an active
           | cognitive process, like I don't have to think about not
           | falling over to stay upright on a bicycle. All the little
           | shifts of body weight needed to not tip over seem to be done
           | automatically.
        
             | changing1999 wrote:
             | Not on a balancing ball. It's far far harder than staying
             | upright on a bicycle. You have to stay focused and control
             | several muscle groups. Not falling even for a minute is a
             | very challenging task. Being able to balance for 10 minutes
             | is basically elite level.
        
       | idle_cycles wrote:
       | "Fifty-two seniors (25 males; 27 females) aged 63-80 years were
       | then randomly assigned to the experimental dance group (DG) and
       | the control sport group (SG) controlling for age, MMSE status and
       | physical fitness." I wonder if these findings remain true for
       | young or middle aged adults.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | > For the present exploratory study, we designed an especially
         | challenging dance program in which our elderly participants
         | constantly had to learn novel and increasingly difficult
         | choreographies. This six-month-long program was compared to
         | conventional fitness training matched for intensity.
         | 
         | The result seems bloody obvious to me as a dancer. Dance _is_
         | exercise. And this wasn 't just dance, they were learning moves
         | and choreography. Like, no duh, teaching people new and
         | complicated things increases neuroplasticity! According to the
         | quote there, the activities were matched in physical intensity
         | and one treatment added a significant mental component versus
         | the control.
         | 
         | Compare dance to rowing, lifting, spinning etc. Those
         | activities are regularly accomplished by a brainless motor.
         | That such activities induce neuroplasticity is cool, but it's
         | no shock that more enriching activities are better for the
         | brain.
         | 
         | I think it's obvious that a younger person's brain would be
         | more improved by this class than your ordinary seniors
         | athletics program. I'd be more inclined to compare with other
         | low-impact competitive sport: badminton, table tennis, etc.
         | Like dance, those require full-body coordination, planning,
         | reflexes, etc.
        
       | JamesBarney wrote:
       | > Dancing compared to conventional fitness activity led to larger
       | volume increases in more brain areas, including the cingulate
       | cortex, insula, corpus callosum and sensorimotor cortex. Only
       | dancing was associated with an increase in plasma BDNF levels.
       | Regarding cognition, both groups improved in attention and
       | spatial memory, but no significant group differences emerged
       | casual.
        
       | noelwelsh wrote:
       | I think the difference in outcomes is likely to be down to
       | "continuous learning of new movement patterns and choreographies"
       | vs "participants performed the same exercises repeatedly ... We
       | avoided combined arm and leg movements in order to keep
       | coordinative demands low".
       | 
       | That said, I think dance is great.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | That said, dance is a really fun way to package repetitive
         | movements. And if younger people did more of it, the men on
         | this site would spend less time bitching about how hard it is
         | to meet women. *cough*
        
           | michaelteter wrote:
           | Yes, you will "meet" more women by dancing than by playing
           | games on your computer. That doesn't necessarily mean you
           | will make any meaningful connections.
           | 
           | Simply going places and interacting with people will also
           | help you meet women. In fact, I think you'd sooner find a
           | date by becoming a grocery store employee than a dancer,
           | because you're more likely to be having conversations with
           | the people you meet.
           | 
           | Dancing, especially where you are learning, is not really
           | socializing.
           | 
           | The structure of our modern society really does make it more
           | difficult to meet new people. Women complain too, not just
           | men.
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | If you want to meet people, there's a lot of skill and
             | patience required, no matter the venue.
             | 
             | Dancing is rather uniquely suited to meeting people.
             | Dancing signals fitness and physical competency directly to
             | the lizard brain. Of course, if you're bad at those things,
             | you won't succeed in an environment of such honest
             | signalling.
             | 
             | And of course, if you go to a dance class and ask somebody
             | out after the first session, that's desperation. If you're
             | there _just_ to meet people, your dishonest intent will
             | shine through. Note that I didn 't say young people should
             | dance _just_ to meet people -- I said that they should be
             | dancing more, and that meeting people is a _side effect_.
             | Don 't be sleazy.
             | 
             | The real trick to meeting people is that you can't _try_ to
             | make people like you. You need to relax and be yourself. It
             | takes time to establish mutual fit, and the moment that 's
             | clear, you must act decisively. At that point, any effort
             | you put towards that specific person will have a good
             | chance of being received well. After you've been in and out
             | of the arms of every other person in the room over the
             | course of several months, you'll have much better
             | perspective on how each feels about your presence. You
             | won't flub it, you won't ask the wrong person, and your
             | confidence will be well-earned.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | Not specific to dance here, but just replying to your
               | general thesis:
               | 
               | The "just be yourself" advice is so hard, because it's
               | what actually works, but it's also difficult to do when
               | you care about the outcome.
               | 
               | And, of course, it has a prerequisite of a whole lot of
               | work to make "yourself" into something worthwhile and
               | interesting. Of course one would like a shortcut that
               | still works if you've not done the prior coursework. ;)
        
             | munificent wrote:
             | I think I met the _majority_ of my dating partners
             | including my wife on a dancefloor. (Well, technically I had
             | met my wife before. But we reconnected at a club.)
             | 
             | Dancing at nightclubs is great. Assuming you can find one
             | whose crowd is your kind of people, it's one of the few
             | remaining venues where people of all genders and
             | orientations mix and it's considered socially acceptable to
             | initiate a conversation with someone with romantic intent.
             | 
             | The problem with being a grocery store employee to meet
             | people is that there are a very logical taboo against
             | hitting on employees that are obligated to interact with
             | you. Likewise, employers generally don't want employees
             | hitting on their customers. So, sure, you might be able to
             | meet people this way, but you have to skirt some social
             | norms to do so.
        
       | kspacewalk2 wrote:
       | ...in mice
        
         | moi2388 wrote:
         | That would be igNobel worthy
        
       | polishdude20 wrote:
       | Anecdotal bur my ex's grandmother would do swing dancing as a
       | hobby with her husband and later when they retired at like 50,
       | they would swing dance like 3-5 times a week at home. Her
       | grandmother is now 102 years old and up until recently was the
       | sharpest, and wittiest resident at her care home despite being
       | the oldest. Her hearing is great, her eyesight is great. The only
       | things going slowly are her short term memory and ability to walk
       | but she still does with her walker.
        
         | dunham wrote:
         | My grandmother kept a flower garden, it got smaller as she got
         | older, but she made it to 113. Maybe the gardening helped keep
         | her going.
         | 
         | She was in a home for the last year (maybe two), lived on her
         | own before that. She was sharp, but her hearing was poor.
        
       | changing1999 wrote:
       | I would like to see a comparison with other types of physical
       | exercise that contain an element of continuous learning.
       | Wrestling, BJJ, even boxercise, crossfit and such. Since the
       | argument seems to be specifically about learning new routines and
       | how that impacts neuroplasticity, dance vs other more cognitively
       | challenging workouts would be an interesting comparison.
        
         | PUSH_AX wrote:
         | That's really interesting, bjj is essentially physical problem
         | solving with dire consequences
        
         | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
         | I think if your exercise involves you regularly getting choked
         | out you probably shouldn't be expecting neurological benefits
        
           | changing1999 wrote:
           | No one is getting regularly choked out in BJJ. You always
           | tap. The goal is not to injure your partner but to learn
           | together. Source: 5 years of BJJ, I have never been choked
           | out, I am not an idiot.
        
         | WalterBright wrote:
         | With dance you are constantly learning new material. Much less
         | so with an exercise routine, even if you "mix it up".
        
           | changing1999 wrote:
           | Not sure if you have experienced martial arts. It's constant
           | learning. Sparring is a small part of the process. See kata
           | in karate, hundreds of moves and transitions in BJJ, etc
        
             | vunderba wrote:
             | 100% agree. Not to mention that the goal of a dance partner
             | isn't _usually_ to surprise you, whereas in most forms of
             | sparring, you are constantly trying to anticipate your
             | opponent and adapt to them.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | Anticipating and adapting is how lead-follow dances work,
               | especially when your partner is not your usual partner.
               | The follower anticipates and adapts to the leader, the
               | leader anticipates and adapts to the follower's skill and
               | knowledge level. A good lead will make the follower look
               | good and feel good. A leader is also responsible for
               | collision avoidance with other couples, and enables the
               | follower to have confidence in moving backwards.
               | 
               | Think of it this way. It requires enough of your brain
               | that you cannot carry on a conversation at the same time.
               | If you're out jogging, you can have a conversation.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | No, I'm not familiar with martial arts. I didn't consider
             | it an exercise routine.
        
       | anonzzzies wrote:
       | Probably some styles of martial arts would (do imho) work well
       | then. Disclaimer ; did not RTFA.
       | 
       | Edit: +styles of
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | Depends on the martial art: head injuries would complicate that
         | analysis; tai chi isn't terribly aerobic, etc.
        
           | anonzzzies wrote:
           | Yes, added styles there. Kata's can be quite dance-y
           | depending on the style.
           | 
           | Also, to be contrary old dude into martial arts all his life,
           | I don't really consider many head bashing 'styles' now to be
           | 'arts'. Martial, sure.
        
             | andoando wrote:
             | Boxing is more dance than katas
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Boxing is ballroom dance; katas are choreography.
        
             | fransje26 wrote:
             | > Also, to be contrary old dude into martial arts all his
             | life, I don't really consider many head bashing 'styles'
             | now to be 'arts'.
             | 
             | Which ones would you consider to be "arts", and worth
             | getting into?
             | 
             | I was recently thinking that I would like to get back into
             | martial arts, but having done taekwondo in the past, I'm
             | absolutely not interested in going back to any form of
             | bashing impact..
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | Chen style tai-chi.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chen-style_tai_chi
        
               | anonzzzies wrote:
               | I will try to do Aikido until I die. I started in the 80s
               | with Kyokushin and I trained with top trainers; when I
               | was young they wanted to move me to thai or kick boxing
               | as I would, like numerous dutch guys did of the same
               | school, kick the fuck out of the competition. Never had
               | that interest. I like the movements and indeed the art
               | behind it. Someone in this thread said boxing is like
               | ballroom dancing; I really don't see that. Maybe it can
               | be; but if you want to win, it's not dancing and the
               | aspect of wanting 'to win' makes it not at all like
               | dancing (or maybe I don't know this dance).
               | 
               | Anyway; as a kid I did Judo and after that Kyokushinkai
               | and Jiujitsu 3-4 hours a day for many years.
               | 
               | I am 50 now and I can do things many 50 year olds cannot
               | do, but the joy for me is that I feel like when I go to
               | aikido class 3 times a week, it is an art and it doesn't
               | feel like I have to ever stop doing it as I don't need
               | (but can I guess) to bash in faces in a rings.
        
               | fransje26 wrote:
               | Thank you for your reply.
               | 
               | I really wanted to try Aikido, and went as far as doing
               | an introductory class at university. Everything was fine
               | until the next morning when I couldn't bend my elbow
               | anymore, with an over strain pain that lasted more than a
               | week. I was quite in shape at the time, so I took it as a
               | sign that maybe it wasn't for me. (Or at least not in
               | that school..) And that stopped me in my tracks
               | unfortunately.
               | 
               | But I'll keep your feedback in the back of my head, and
               | let's see what the future brings.
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | Obligatory mention of the fact that the best exercise is the one
       | you'll do, regardless of what it is. Dance might be better for
       | your brain than cycling, but neither helps anything if you give
       | up on them after a few months. So find the (best) exercise you'll
       | actually keep up with, and keep up with that. Even if it's only
       | walking a few blocks a day, that's better than nothing.
        
       | bogtog wrote:
       | I do MRI work, and my gut is that none of the claims about dance
       | vs. exercise would replicate. The behavioral data suggests that
       | activity of some type will improve cognitive function (main
       | effects of time). Such beneficial effects of activity on the
       | brain have been shown before, and this is generally accepted.
       | However, the authors' behavioral data doesn't show any difference
       | between the dance vs. exercise groups. This means that the study
       | is overall off to a pretty bad start if their goal is to study
       | dance vs. exercise differences...
       | 
       | The brain data claims to show that the dance vs. exercise groups
       | showed different levels of improvement in various regions.
       | However, the brain effects are tiny and are probably just random
       | noise (I'm referring to those red spots, which are very small and
       | almost certainly don't reflect proper correction for multiple
       | hypotheses given that the authors effectively tested 1000s or
       | 10000s of different areas). The authors' claims about BDNF are
       | supported by a p-value of p = .046, and having main conclusions
       | hinge on p-values of p > .01 usually means the conclusions are
       | rubbish.
       | 
       | In general, my priors on "we can detect subtle changes in brain
       | matter over a 6-week period" are also very low. Perhaps, a study
       | with this sample size could show that activity of some kind
       | influences the brain over such a short length, but I am extremely
       | skeptical that this type of study could detect differences
       | between dance vs. exercise effects.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | I don't have any science behind this, but it makes sense that
         | training more complex motions would trigger greater brain
         | improvements.
         | 
         | Dance vs basketball or some other high coordination/skill
         | activity might have less disparity than say dance vs. exercise
         | bike.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | Speaking as someone who tried to take a tap class as an
           | adult, only to discover it was for people who were already
           | experienced dancers: yes, dance training is vastly more
           | complex than exercise.
           | 
           | Update: what absolutely killed me is that we would run
           | through a complex step two or three times, and we were
           | expected to be able to practice at home. I didn't understand
           | what we were doing _while_ we were doing it, there was no way
           | I could reproduce it.
        
             | eep_social wrote:
             | I think gp's point was that "exercise" encompasses a range
             | from stationary bike to olympic lifts. Dancing is on the
             | same end of that range as olympic lifting or a sport like
             | basketball insofar as they all require intentional
             | practice.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | What works is to go through the steps very slowly. As it
             | moves into muscle memory, you can speed it up.
             | 
             | Dance training is a whole body thing. There's steps, ankle
             | position, foot turnout, posture, what to do with your arms,
             | what to do with your fingers, where your eyes are looking,
             | and on and on.
             | 
             | The very first thing, though, is getting the steps into
             | your muscle memory. Then one by one, you start layering on
             | the rest.
        
             | alaithea wrote:
             | I've danced extensively, and tap can be brutal for the
             | sheer number of steps you need to remember. Other dance
             | disciplines, like ballet, tend to chunk sets of smaller
             | movements into a larger, named one, so once you learn those
             | sequences, it's easy to learn and recall longer routines.
             | The way ballet is put together aligns with advice from
             | brain science about chunking objects in memory for better
             | recall. But tap has few of those chunked sequences, other
             | than the "time step," so you're left trying to parse long
             | strings of very finite instructions. "Left ball right heel
             | left flap ball change..." Personally I found it
             | overwhelming and didn't pursue tap into the most advanced
             | levels for that reason.
             | 
             | Aside: it seemed like neurotypical folks struggled less
             | with tap than I did as an AuDHD person, so tap may land
             | differently with different neurotypes.
        
               | astura wrote:
               | People are different, I tap danced for years but I found
               | ballet almost impossible to pick up for it's complexity
               | and dumb poses.
        
             | UniverseHacker wrote:
             | I have experience with a few types of dance including salsa
             | and bachata, and also compete as a strength athlete- and
             | find some of the more complex weight lifting moves- such as
             | the push jerk- a lot harder and more technical than
             | anything I've learned dancing. If every aspect of your
             | timing and form aren't perfect, it simply does not work at
             | heavier weights, and can take years of constant practice to
             | perfect. The extra burden of having to output 100 percent
             | effort while trying to do everything else perfect is very
             | mentally demanding.
        
               | justsee wrote:
               | Beyond fundamental moves in any partner dance style, the
               | complexity increases significantly.
               | 
               | It's not just your coordination and flexibility in
               | placing legs, feet, arms, hands, torso in various
               | positions at the right time, it's also leading your
               | follower, adapting to their own abilities, tension,
               | movement, mobility, and mood, connecting with them
               | energetically, with the music, with the floor, and
               | practicing dance floor awareness to avoid collisions with
               | other dancers, adapt your moves to a rapidly shifting
               | available dance space, and being creative and
               | spontaneous.
        
               | UniverseHacker wrote:
               | I imagine, being an art form, there is almost limitless
               | possibility for complexity and difficulty in dance.
               | However, I would argue the same is also true for strength
               | sports, which ultimately are a type of martial art. I
               | don't think one is categorically simpler than the other-
               | they both offer people of any skill and ability level
               | lifelong challenges. My point was not to claim dance was
               | easy but that "exercise" is not always something simple
               | and mindless that once learned you just tune out and let
               | your body do. Personally, I can't stick with something
               | boring- having ADHD, exercise is only possible for me if
               | it is also fully mentally engaging.
        
             | viraptor wrote:
             | You got thrown into a class above your skill level. That's
             | bad on the teacher for not telling you really. Once you
             | know the basics the rest is easier to build on top of that,
             | but otherwise it's like trying to tell someone about design
             | patterns while they're still struggling with syntax in
             | programming.
             | 
             | If you liked the idea, give it a go with beginners again.
             | You'll get back to that higher level soon anyway.
        
           | fnordpiglet wrote:
           | In fact dance based exercise like Zumba, or boxing even, is
           | very helpful with folks suffering Parkinson's because it
           | require multiple tasks be processed at once - rhythm, hand,
           | foot, observation of the lead. This induces plasticity which
           | is crucial in staving Parkinson's decline. So I find it
           | strange to assert exercise alone is the beneficial component
           | as it's clear in pathological situations where increasing
           | plasticity yields slower declines dance and complex exercise
           | that requires many integrated tasks is superior to simple
           | exercise.
        
           | vunderba wrote:
           | I was thinking the same thing too. I mean shocker: high
           | cardio + spatial awareness > high cardio alone.
           | 
           | For your money, you can't beat games like Pump It Up for a
           | combination of HIIT (High Intensity Interval training) and
           | the additional cognitive load that comes from the
           | choreography of your steps and rhythmic timing.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | It could also be the _social_ aspect of dance. Dancing
           | requires interacting with people that general exercise does
           | not.
           | 
           | Social interaction has been shown over and over and over to
           | have a beneficial effect on people.
        
           | dangom wrote:
           | Depends on what you mean by "improvements". Is it
           | coordination? Is it sustained increased blood flow? I would
           | imagine that different bike exercise regimens could induce
           | more variation in fitness than the comparison dance vs
           | exercise alone.
        
         | zophiana wrote:
         | I agree that the sample size might be a bit small so it could
         | be noise, but the study did went 6-month not 6-weeks.
         | 
         | And there are findings like these
         | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal...
        
           | wdkrnls wrote:
           | Or it could be a problem of seeking statistical detection of
           | any difference whatsoever versus detecting a practically
           | meaningful difference... a type III error (answering the
           | wrong question).
        
         | westurner wrote:
         | Cardiovascular exercise correlates with subsequent synthesis of
         | endocannabinoids, which affect hippocampal neurogeneration and
         | probably thereby neuroplasticity.
         | 
         | From "Environment shapes emotional cognitive abilities more
         | than genes" (2024)
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40105068#40107602 :
         | 
         | > _hippocampal plasticity and hippocampal neurogenesis also
         | appear to be affected by dancing and omega-3,6 (which are
         | transformed into endocannabinoids by the
         | body):https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=15109698 _
         | 
         | Also, isn't there selection bias to observational dance
         | studies? If not in good general health, is a person likely to
         | pursue regular dancing? Though, dance lifts mood and gets the
         | cardiovascular system going.
         | 
         | Dance involves spatial sense and proprioception and probably
         | all of the senses.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | My random opinion is that dance or dance like activities are a
         | sweet spot between low intensity and high intensity exercise
         | that involves a lot more balance, coordination and fluidity
         | than most physical activities promoted for health overall
         | (they're either too simple or too hard), these traits are (I
         | believe) very important to your brain. Add the social aspect as
         | an important bonus.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Yes, moving as one with your partner is a big part of it, and
           | where much of the pleasure comes from.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Yeah I believe that our brains are extremely sensitive to
             | shared experience, work, art, movement or else (singing in
             | harmony would work too). It might even tap in primitive
             | toddler brain phases.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | Dance is very _Gemeinschaft_ : https://en.wikipedia.org/w
               | iki/Gemeinschaft_and_Gesellschaft
               | 
               | > _singing in harmony would work too_
               | 
               | I believe at least some Amish sing at very low BPM.
               | 
               | Two possible interpretations: (a) they share the opinions
               | of Baptists when it comes to dancing, so the BPM is
               | deliberately so low as to be clearly undanceable, and (b)
               | at normal BPM individual participants might just be
               | staying in rhythm, low BPM requires close attentiveness
               | to the whole to stay together.
        
         | 0xcde4c3db wrote:
         | > The authors' claims about BDNF are supported by a p-value of
         | p = .046, and having main conclusions hinge on p-values of p >
         | .01 usually means the conclusions are rubbish.
         | 
         | Also, I don't have the references handy, but I recall other
         | studies showing that exercise-induced BDNF changes can be
         | mediated by e.g. air pollution. So even if the difference there
         | is real, it might be premature to attribute it specifically to
         | the mode of training.
        
         | givemeethekeys wrote:
         | Do more complex movements stimulate our neural pathways more
         | than less complex movements?
        
       | maxwell wrote:
       | https://youtu.be/BD-z8ZqVpP8?si=yBdJmDrDWXrJMpvz
        
       | rqtwteye wrote:
       | I think that's why I prefer exercise with some level of freedom.
       | Free weights feel more engaging than machines. A fast hike up a
       | mountain feels better than running on a treadmill indoors.
        
       | djmips wrote:
       | My hope is that DDR is a form of dance training.
        
       | chaostheory wrote:
       | I found the Les Mill's XR Dance to be a great workout app in VR.
       | 
       | https://www.meta.com/experiences/app/6212696172191478
       | 
       | The research results aren't surprising since dance is more
       | complicated than something like HIIT. Martial arts training would
       | likely have a similar effect unless sparring involved lots of
       | hits to the head.
        
       | svilen_dobrev wrote:
       | One dancer-and-programmer friend of mine invented the below
       | thinking, after i introduced him into the "relation is an object"
       | paradigm in software..:                 When movement becomes
       | dance?       Dance is the "relation" between movement and
       | meaning. The key is whether someone can put it / sense it .
       | someone = a dancer or the-other-kind-of-dancer-called-spectator
       | meaning = very-very abstract. Like, even concentration can be
       | meaning
        
       | blueyes wrote:
       | Dance requires balance and often involves social interaction,
       | while lots of physical exercise does not. Balance and more
       | precisely imbalance is a good way to stimulate adrenaline in the
       | brain, which can accelerate learning. Claude Shannon, fwiw, loved
       | unicycles.
        
       | ziofill wrote:
       | I don't find this hard to believe. I'm no brain scientist, but
       | dance puts together several senses and proprioception: music,
       | rhythm, one's position in 3D space, balance, _and_ physical
       | exercise...
        
       | pandemic_region wrote:
       | .... in the elderly.
        
       | alunchbox wrote:
       | A book I read 'spark' by John J Ratey, discussed this in a few
       | chapters. Cardio/Running at 70% maximum heart rate lead to brain
       | plasticity and even allowing new synapses to make connections and
       | grow. However, he did argue an exercise that also required
       | concentration e.g dancing, basketball, skateboarding would have
       | better results.
       | 
       | It's absolutely crazy, that we misunderstand how our brains are
       | intended to work in the old world. Our brains are for movement,
       | the ability to think, plan and utilize tools appears to have been
       | a happy accident that allowed our ancestor an advantage in
       | survival.
       | 
       | brains be braining.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | sophisticated coordination and balance are the most effectful
         | brain stimulation i know, it also makes you develop a different
         | understanding of space and time which makes you calmer (larger
         | planning abilities maybe ?)
        
         | __turbobrew__ wrote:
         | I like trail running. It combines cardio with balance and
         | problem solving (where do you place your feet, dodging
         | obstacles, recovering from stumbles, very dynamic compared to
         | running on a road or treadmill).
         | 
         | I strongly believe that trail running is much less prone to
         | cause repetitive stress injuries, I see so many people pound
         | thousands of kilometres on pavement and then wonder why their
         | knees give out at 45.
         | 
         | On the other side I know people getting injured when trail
         | running, but it always seems to be acute (like scraping a knee
         | or spraining an ankle) and they are back at it within a week or
         | two.
         | 
         | Finally, at a pseudoscience level I believe that we as humans
         | evolved to run over uneven semi-soft ground and therefore trail
         | running is one of the most natural movements.
        
       | tgv wrote:
       | One should really not draw conclusions based on this.
       | 
       | * It's a (small) group of 63-80 year olds.
       | 
       | * There's no evidence for increased neuro-plasticity. How could
       | there be? There's only an dubious effect on BDNF plasma and "BDNF
       | may be a possible mediating factor of adult neuroplasticity".
       | 
       | * The groups start out with a difference, but by misapplying
       | statistics, they conclude there's no difference.
        
       | laristine wrote:
       | For a research article, modifiers may be more important in
       | imposing constraints and necessary insights in cause and effect.
       | The full title of this article is "Dance training is superior to
       | _repetitive_ physical exercise in inducing brain plasticity _in
       | the elderly_ ".
       | 
       | While the current title on HN is "Dance training superior to
       | physical exercise in inducing brain plasticity".
        
       | polishdude20 wrote:
       | On the same note, has anyone joined any dance classes alone? What
       | did you join? How was it going alone? Did you make friends? Do
       | you still do it?
        
         | momojo wrote:
         | Can I ask how old you are? How many of your friends are
         | interested in dance? Are you interested because others are
         | going or does it stem from an intrinsic desire?
         | 
         | Many of my friends (late 20's, early 30s) wouldn't dream of
         | being the first on a dance floor, or trying a class. I think
         | most would rather shoot hoops or go hiking. Dance doesn't even
         | occur to them as an option.
         | 
         | My personal theory is that there's a stigma. Social dancing is
         | what old people do. (Although I don't want to discount the
         | k-pop dance scene I witnessed in college. That had a more
         | performative aspect to it though, like marching band).
        
           | polishdude20 wrote:
           | I'm 31. None of my friends are interested. I mainly wanna try
           | swing dancing because I saw a video of a competition and it
           | looked like so much fun. It's really cool seeing people be
           | able to command their body confidently and I see that and
           | think "I wanna do that".
        
         | allenu wrote:
         | I did about ten years ago and danced weekly for 5+ years (swing
         | dancing). I joined classes alone and it went totally fine. You
         | make friends in the class and if you go dancing regularly, you
         | see the same people, so you start forming a community. Best of
         | all, people who go to the dances are there to dance and not get
         | drunk, so it's a great, safe way to meet other people who want
         | to socialize, too.
         | 
         | I stopped going regularly after a little over 5 years, mostly
         | because I was plateauing in my dancing and getting bored with
         | it. In my experience, you plateau multiple times, just as with
         | any skill, but you find a way to get better and more creative,
         | but at that point, my heart wasn't into improving anymore so I
         | wasn't enjoying it as much. I definitely keep telling myself to
         | get back into it, however, because it's such a great social
         | outlet.
         | 
         | I'll also add that it's a really great activity because it's
         | physical, it's creative, and it's social. Partner dancing
         | forces you to learn how to work with other people and
         | communicate better. Not everyone you dance with has the same
         | skill level and you might think you're doing well communicating
         | (when you're leading) but after dancing with several people you
         | find out right away where you're not doing a good job.
         | 
         | I also did find that it made me more aware of my movements and
         | improved my musicality. I got better at watching other people
         | dance and seeing what movements they made and how they
         | choreographed their "routines". That kind of tickled a
         | different part of my brain I hadn't used before in any other
         | activity. The "plateauing" I mentioned earlier forced me to get
         | better at watching others and repeating what they did as well
         | as seeing what I was doing and trying to change it up if it was
         | getting stale.
        
       | 3523582908 wrote:
       | My own personal experience, but my 80 year old FIL changed a lot
       | after he started going to dance classes. He was always in decent
       | physical health, but prior to the classes he was a very stressed,
       | unhappy, solitary type of person. Since then he's become much
       | more extroverted, social, and generally happier.
       | 
       | Obviously I think the benefits are more than just the dancing
       | itself, such as the community, but even when you ask him directly
       | about what he thinks caused the change he points to dance
       | classes.
        
       | veidelis wrote:
       | I've heard that learning new types of motions helps to increase
       | brain plasticity. I would assume it works best with some amount
       | of cardio exercises.
        
       | not5150 wrote:
       | It would be interesting to see the results compared to martial
       | arts, specifically martial arts which require you to perform
       | kata/forms or a set of prearranged moves/strike. So it's
       | basically like a dance, but something like block, punch, turn,
       | kick low, kick high, spinning back kick, etc for 1-3 minutes.
       | 
       | American Kenpo brown belt kata I'm looking at you!
        
       | riedel wrote:
       | I remember that going through a lot of media (actually back in
       | 2015 already) in Germany. My parents in law (in their 80s) dance
       | a lot and can assure it actually keeps them really fit. However,
       | I never learned to dance and I wonder really if I can really
       | learn it when I go to pension age..
       | 
       | Previous discussion:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23946732
        
       | mikhmha wrote:
       | A bit unrelated to the main topic but whenever I exceed a certain
       | threshold of smoking cannabis (>0.3g) it seems to induce some
       | automatic rhythmic movement in me. If there's music playing I can
       | tune into the rhythm of the music. If there's no music, I will
       | move around a lot while twisting my limbs, stretching my arms,
       | holding positions and breathing, in various rhythmic and also
       | strange ways. Some people have described it resembling a form of
       | yoga or tai-chi. Whatever it is, it feels like a benefit? I've
       | noticed my posture has improved and in the gym my numbers have
       | also gone up despite 0 diet changes. Its like a full body stretch
       | that activates all these minor muscles in my body.
       | 
       | I don't know - whenever I think about quitting this "bad" habit,
       | I remember that it would just be replaced by sitting around
       | looking at my phone. Being put into this physical trance by a
       | drug has to be infinitely more healthy than that right? I trade
       | one addiction for another.
        
         | dsclough wrote:
         | THCs effects on proprioception are interesting enough to be
         | worth pursuing if you have any interests in the physical realm.
         | Dancing, climbing, lifting weights, running. Clearly one should
         | be careful and I wish weed was still good for me but it's just
         | anxiety city so I'll leave it to the folks who haven't ruined
         | their brains to enjoy.
        
       | pgt wrote:
       | Dance is more social than solo physical exercise. Would make
       | sense that it triggers more brain activity in different areas.
        
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