[HN Gopher] Patent troll Sable pays up, dedicates all its patent...
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       Patent troll Sable pays up, dedicates all its patents to the public
        
       Author : jgrahamc
       Score  : 685 points
       Date   : 2024-10-03 13:05 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.cloudflare.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.cloudflare.com)
        
       | runamuck wrote:
       | I consider this a victory for creativity, freedom and
       | technological progress. Let the entrepreneurs innovate and
       | execute without fear of legal suffocation!
        
       | ta988 wrote:
       | It is really sad to see kost companies refused to fight. Congrats
       | on that one Cloudflare, may that serve as an example to destroy
       | those grifters.
        
         | yashap wrote:
         | You can see why, though. Even in this case where they
         | thoroughly won, and got damages, the damages were just $225K,
         | and they probably spent millions on legal fees,
         | employee/founder time, etc.
         | 
         | Ultimately, the American legal system is pretty broken. If
         | someone brings a frivolous lawsuit against you, and you defend
         | yourself in court, nearly 100% of the time you'll be losing
         | money, often a lot of money. This is the core reason why patent
         | trolls exist, why companies normally settle out of court - it's
         | cheaper to do so.
        
           | jgrahamc wrote:
           | But if we'd given in to one of these trolls, others would
           | have targetted us.
        
             | yashap wrote:
             | Agreed, it's a lose-lose situation really. But the reason
             | most companies just settle is that going to trial is so
             | expensive, and the American legal system allows these
             | frivolous lawsuits while generally awarding either no
             | compensatory damages, or damages far below the cost of the
             | defence.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | A few states have passed laws to ban abusers from the legal
           | system:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vexatious_litigation#United_St.
           | ..
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | Usually a "vexatious litigant" is not one of these patent
             | trolls, but some nut job who spends his days at the
             | courthouse.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | If more companies let patent trolls go to court their
               | repeated losses would fall under the first part of
               | California's definition, but since they settle, trolls
               | are technically not even litigants.
        
               | throw16180339 wrote:
               | Most patent trolls file in the Western District of Texas;
               | it's a troll friendly district with a troll friendly
               | judge. It's not a given that they'd lose even if the
               | patents are garbage.
        
             | krferriter wrote:
             | How much does it cost to argue in court that a particular
             | entity is an abuser though? Someone has to be willing to
             | cover those costs up front, otherwise people will just keep
             | settling if they don't want to go through that process.
        
               | usrusr wrote:
               | It's not just cost, it's cost x uncertainty of outcome. A
               | settlement is _very_ tempting from cost x uncertainty
               | alone. But it also has other merits: when the rich,
               | powerful incumbent gives in and settles, the fragile
               | thrifty upstart won 't see the slightest chance of
               | winning and either beg the troll for an affordable
               | licence (but they won't get a good offer) or look for a
               | completely different line of business. To the incumbent,
               | the settlement is a fee paid for moat-as-a-service
               | provided by the troll.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | At Google I did a piece of research, along with a
           | statistician, of whether it's better to settle or fight.
           | 
           | "Better" would mean you don't get sued as much in the future,
           | because you're a hard target and not easy money.
           | 
           | They haven't released this study, AFAIK.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | your definition of "better" implies the results of the
             | study, although you did not specifically say it.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | That's because it's not published, plus a conclusion
               | without any supporting data and methodology is pretty
               | worthless.
        
           | singlow wrote:
           | I couldn't tell from the article but it seems the $225k was a
           | settlement, and the release of all patents was additionally
           | part of the settlement - I doubt the court could have awarded
           | that directly. So they took $225k + the release of the
           | patents, and I assume that the trolls would only have agreed
           | to that if they felt the court awarded cash value would have
           | been significantly higher.
        
       | aduffy wrote:
       | These patent trolls are greedy, extractive, and contribute
       | nothing to society while wasting vast public and private legal
       | resources.
       | 
       | Fuck. Them. Excellent work to the entire litigation team at
       | Cloudflare.
        
         | schlipity wrote:
         | Are these patent trolls doing anything that normal companies
         | with patents that try to monetize them don't do?
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | No, but the argument would be that normal companies are doing
           | something that patent trolls are: selling a product besides
           | patents
        
           | lfmunoz4 wrote:
           | You would hope companies have patents based on something
           | actually innovative. For software this is never the case. I
           | think all software patents are bs.
        
           | harrison_clarke wrote:
           | it's what they don't do. a troll doesn't play any role in
           | developing the tech they hold patents for, they just extract
           | rent when someone stumbles into a similar solution
           | 
           | if a company doesn't develop products, but they actively
           | license their patents to those that do, that's still patents
           | working as intended, and not trolling. they're still helping
           | to get the tech developed, rather than stifling it
           | 
           | (i think there are a lot of problems with software patents
           | even when used as intended by real companies. mainly, they
           | last too long)
        
             | petesergeant wrote:
             | I dunno, this line of reasoning doesn't feel right to me. A
             | company making products did develop the technology. They
             | were awarded a patent. That patent was an asset. That asset
             | was sold presumably for the benefit of the people behind
             | the original company. That the resulting asset owner wasn't
             | the originator doesn't feel like it should make any
             | difference here?
             | 
             | Software patents are a scourge, I'm just not sure the
             | reasoning there holds.
        
               | datadrivenangel wrote:
               | from a strict logic perspective, you're right.
               | 
               | The issue is widespread bad behavior from patent trolls,
               | given that the cost of mass filing patent infringement
               | claims that barely apply is so much lower than the
               | expected settlement, and the cost of a successful defense
               | is likely higher than the request settlement. The
               | incentive is to get a portfolio of overly broad patents
               | and then shake down almost entirely unrelated companies.
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | For sure, the whole thing sucks
        
               | zamalek wrote:
               | > Software patents are a scourge,
               | 
               | The reason is because they aren't being used as they were
               | intended: patents are _supposed_ to be a way to give
               | inventors/entrepreneurs a window to build a market with
               | their idea. Let's say that you have some truly amazing
               | invention that frobnicates foos 50x faster than anyone
               | else, and you plan to take it to market. What would
               | prevent the likes of Amazon from copying your idea with
               | all the resources at their disposal? Patents.
               | 
               | Patents as an asset is exactly the problem. Your entire
               | first paragraph is built on this faulted perspective -
               | the assumption that how we actually use patents is
               | aligned with how they were designed to be used. They are
               | supposed to foster small businesses, not destroy them.
               | 
               | Software patents are a scourge only because patents as a
               | whole have become a scourge.
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | > The reason is because they aren't being used as they
               | were intended: patents are _supposed_ to be a way to give
               | inventors/entrepreneurs a window to build a market with
               | their idea.
               | 
               | If I invent something, I should surely be able to license
               | its production if I don't want to be in the production
               | game myself. The alternative reduces to the absurd very
               | quickly. If I invent a better system for making ball
               | bearings, it's not reasonable to say I should only
               | benefit from it if I then personally raise the capital
               | and experience to start a ball bearing manufacturing
               | plant.
        
               | zamalek wrote:
               | I personally agree with this, but its more difficult to
               | delineate. I suppose the key is that the patent is being
               | used.
        
               | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
               | There's a key difference though.
               | 
               | If you invent a better system for making ball bearings
               | and patent it, you could bring your system to existing
               | manufacturers and say "I've invented a better system,
               | would you like to license my patent and start using it to
               | bring your costs down and productivity up?" That's fine
               | and most people would be on board.
               | 
               | But a patent troll is different. They're entirely
               | reactive. They wait for someone else to start doing
               | something that is _vaguely similar_ to what you patented,
               | and then they pounce. The troll threatens legal action if
               | they don 't license the patent instead.
               | 
               | What patent trolls do is effectively extortion.
        
               | cptskippy wrote:
               | > That patent was an asset.
               | 
               | That line of thinking is the problem. A patent is
               | intended as a protection to spur development, not an
               | asset to be traded.
               | 
               | The spirit of a patent is to protect a novel solution
               | while a company develops and monetizes their innovation.
               | It keeps bigger fish with deeper pockets from quickly
               | copying your invention and monetizing it before you.
               | 
               | What's happened however is that Large companies with deep
               | pockets are filing patents for anything and everything
               | they can. These patents generally come from their R&D
               | efforts but are not necessarily linked to any product
               | specifically. They're also usually unenforceable junk
               | that wouldn't hold up in court.
               | 
               | The value of these junk patents isn't in the viability to
               | be developed into a product, rather their value is that
               | it will take time and money to invalidate them in court.
               | 
               | When these companies are hit with a lawsuit for violating
               | someone else's patent, their defense is to counter sue
               | with as many junk patents as possible. The purpose of the
               | counter suit is to make a settlement preferable to the
               | protracted legal fight necessary to invalidate all of the
               | junk patents. It's the path of least expense. You could
               | argue this allows large companies to steal innovations
               | from smaller players by forcing cross licensing
               | agreements.
               | 
               | Often these patent portfolios are transferred to
               | companies with no interest in developing products or
               | protecting their business. These companies sole purpose
               | are to weaponize the patents, they're Patent Trolls.
               | 
               | Using the same strategy as companies with defensive
               | patent portfolios, Patent Trolls seek to extract
               | settlements (extort money) from companies by suing them
               | with all the junk patents they can. The patent trolls are
               | immune to counter suit because they produce nothing. Thus
               | companies must either invalidate each junk patent or
               | settle. Often settling is the path of least expense.
        
               | harrison_clarke wrote:
               | if a company sells the patent to a "troll", but retains a
               | license as part of the deal, i would consider that to be
               | working as intended. it's basically a way to outsource
               | the legal protection
               | 
               | if a company sells it to a broker, and it eventually gets
               | traded or licensed to a company that develops it, i'd
               | also consider that working as intended
               | 
               | if patents keep finding their way to companies that have
               | no intention to either develop it themselves, or license
               | it to others, and keep suing companies that do develop
               | things, i'd consider it a failure of the system
               | 
               | pharma patents get traded to non-developers all the time,
               | but pharma patents mostly do their job of incentivizing
               | innovation. there's still flaws, but the troll problem
               | isn't a big issue in that space
        
               | petesergeant wrote:
               | > no intention [to] license it to others
               | 
               | The companies that are doing the suing here are -- as I
               | understand it here -- are suing to force a licensing
               | deal.
        
               | harrison_clarke wrote:
               | the issue is that there's no knowledge transfer from the
               | patent holder to the developer, in these cases. there's
               | no causal link from the patent to the development
               | 
               | the (forced) licensing deal comes after the development,
               | and hinders it. and it's not to protect development of a
               | related idea, either
        
           | ajkjk wrote:
           | yes
        
           | hansvm wrote:
           | The two normal arguments are:
           | 
           | 1. Patent trolls don't actually produce anything. They just
           | extract rent from other companies.
           | 
           | 2. The patents they choose tend to be extremely bad -- overly
           | broad, should never have been granted, had prior art, the
           | tech never existed, .... They use the fact that they're able
           | to sue cheaply to bully people into settling on bogus claims.
           | 
           | Point (1) doesn't seem bad to me. It's kind of like how truck
           | driving is separate from truck insurance. Having specialists
           | capable of monetizing patents allows, in theory, inventors to
           | invent and immediately sell for estimated lifetime patent
           | value, minus a discount associated with the troll's costs and
           | desired profits. Without trolls, in theory, you'd have fewer
           | inventors because they'd also need to be/hire experts in
           | marketing, litigation, ....
           | 
           | Point (2) is the one that bothers me the most, and my
           | impression is that it's a very common problem.
           | 
           | Oh, and to your question, most companies use patents for
           | mutually assured destruction and as a form of signalling that
           | important people should want to work there, not to directly
           | monetize. Monetizing patents is less common.
        
             | cloverich wrote:
             | The argument against your argument in (1) is that if the
             | incentive is to patent and sell to someone who will not
             | market the patented invention either, it still isn't
             | promoting the development of the product. It is actually
             | _hindering_ the development of the product, because now
             | whoever does develop the product has to pay an additional
             | tax. Its literally antithetical to the concept of patents
             | (I am _assuming_ they exist to spur R&D development
             | primarily).
             | 
             | Another argument against your argument in (1), is to allow
             | the scenario to exist only where the purchaser of the
             | patent can prove they are marketing and selling it. That is
             | still not ideal imho, but at least it eliminates outright
             | patent trolls.
             | 
             | HN is I think particularly sensitive because it has a lot
             | of programmers and product development folks, who know that
             | a good idea or even plan on its own isn't very valuable.
             | I'd guess most of us have more good ideas floating around
             | than we'll ever have the time or money to develop on our
             | own. Its the execution and delivery of good ideas that is
             | valuable; patents in our eyes make the easy part easier and
             | the hard part harder.
        
               | hansvm wrote:
               | Except, if it really serves just to hinder development
               | and as an additional tax then it wasn't a valid patent to
               | begin with and falls under point (2).
               | 
               | Valid patents have to work (couldn't patent transistors
               | in 1820), be new (which, as you mention, isn't the hard
               | part in turning ideas into value), _be non-obvious_ (this
               | is the point that pushes your idea from (1) to (2); if
               | somebody else were likely to spontaneously have the idea
               | then it wasn't a valid patent to begin with, and if they
               | weren't then the "additional tax" is a tax on a product
               | they otherwise could never have made), and include clear
               | instructions (from the patent, reasonable competitors
               | ought to be able to instantiate the idea -- if they
               | can't, it's yet again invalid).
               | 
               | I do like what you're getting at though; the goal is to
               | encourage actual inventions to actually be used. The
               | patent mechanism attempts to do so by granting temporary
               | monopolies (even with no real value via trolls), then
               | guaranteeing that the invention is available for use
               | afterward. You might be able to come up with another
               | legislative mechanism encouraging real use of the patent
               | before its expiry, and if it actually worked that'd
               | probably be a good thing.
        
           | hadlock wrote:
           | >Are these patent trolls doing anything that normal companies
           | with patents that try to monetize them don't do?
           | 
           | The important distinction here, in my opinion, is that
           | investors bought a dead company along with it's IP for the
           | explicit purpose of suing companies as that was their profit
           | motive.
           | 
           | Had there been an existing company that was actively
           | building/selling routers, then yes they would have been using
           | the patents as intended - to protect their business. In this
           | case the company who owns the patents, was using them in a
           | weaponized fashion.
        
         | pfisherman wrote:
         | Heard an interesting counterpoint to this from a patent
         | attorney. In the IP ecosystem patent trolls serve as a sort of
         | check on the big companies - the apex predators - to stop them
         | from willfully infringing on your patents and then bankrupting
         | you in litigation.
         | 
         | While you as a startup may not have the resources to go after
         | them in court; your IP assets in the hands of a competent and
         | aggressive patent troll could be a very big problem for Big Co.
         | 
         | So in that sense they are also kind of like a parasite that
         | infects the apex predators who eat tainted meat.
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | Nice idea, except no one you mentioned spends their time
           | doing patents. It's just big companies who are told by
           | consultants to beef up their patent portfolio, and when they
           | fail like Caspian, the remains are snatched up by bottom
           | feeders who go around harassing others, preferably of course
           | startups and others with no real resources.
        
             | pfisherman wrote:
             | The big companies beefing up their portfolios is more of a
             | defensive measure from what I have been told. The threat of
             | a countersuit makes IP litigation among peers a game of
             | mutually assured destruction. Funny quote from a VC friend
             | "patents are a sport of kings."
             | 
             | But defensive portfolios are not a concern for patent
             | trolls. They can't be countered for infringement because
             | they don't make anything!
             | 
             | But you are not wrong that they can be like gnats that suck
             | the blood from startups. In one car I heard of some a
             | patent troll engaged in behavior bordering on criminal
             | extortion - threatening mom and pops businesses for using
             | printers and fax machines. All I am saying is that they
             | play a role in balancing and maintaining the health of the
             | IP ecosystem.
        
               | psd1 wrote:
               | Could we patent a method for extracting settlements by
               | means of a patent claim?
        
           | noodle wrote:
           | Don't think I've ever worked for a startup that had any
           | patents whatsoever. I think I consulted with one IIRC, and
           | they folded largely due to their hyperfocus on tech to the
           | detriment of building something people actually wanted to pay
           | for. Filing a patent was probably a symptom of that problem.
           | 
           | Its more like smaller public companies trying to keep bigger
           | public companies in check.
        
             | pfisherman wrote:
             | Well I think it depends on the industry. Patents tend to be
             | less relevant in software. But in other capital intensive
             | industries where there is some manufacture of physical
             | matter - like biotech or hardware - IP is a big deal.
        
           | nfriedly wrote:
           | That kind of reminds me of people that short stock. Nearly
           | everyone hates them, but they do provide a check on companies
           | that are doing something bad.
        
           | remram wrote:
           | How would that work? How do I get a patent troll to protect
           | my patent, when a big company starts infringing it?
        
             | pfisherman wrote:
             | By going out of business and the troll acquiring your IP
             | portfolio in a fire sale?
        
               | remram wrote:
               | Sounds like it doesn't help me at all.
        
           | Sayrus wrote:
           | Aren't patent trolls called trolls because they litigate on
           | broad patents, for which prior art exists in many case? If
           | so, they can't protect a startup in any way unless you create
           | broad and invalid patents.
           | 
           | Your IP assets can be used to litigate by companies that
           | aren't patent trolls.
        
       | stickfigure wrote:
       | I really wish this settlement included disclosing what the other
       | trolled parties ("including Cisco, Fortinet, Check Point,
       | SonicWall, and Juniper Networks") paid.
        
       | rnd0 wrote:
       | What does "to the public" mean in this instance? Are they going
       | to an open source patent pool or something?
        
         | jgrahamc wrote:
         | From TFA: " _Sable has agreed to dedicate its entire patent
         | portfolio to the public. This means that Sable will tell the
         | U.S. Patent and Trademark Office that it gives up all of its
         | legal rights to its patent portfolio. Sable can never again use
         | these patents to sue for infringement; they can never again use
         | these patents to try to make a quick buck._ "
        
         | pwg wrote:
         | > Are they going to an open source patent pool or something?
         | 
         | All patents are "open for public access" [1]. And once they age
         | past their "expiration date" (currently twenty years from
         | earliest date of filing) they become "public property".
         | 
         | What Sable is doing is giving up the ability to restrict others
         | based on the patents content's before those patents would
         | normally have expired anyway. So in effect they are having the
         | patents "expire early" -- which makes the contents of each
         | become "public property".
         | 
         | [1] https://www.uspto.gov/patents/search
        
       | textlapse wrote:
       | This is great. I do worry that a future more sinister malicious
       | patent troll could read all the wonderful strategy Cloudflare
       | used and work around them. Hopefully Cloudflare legal team got
       | stronger!
       | 
       | Kudos to the likes of Cloudflare and (yesteryears') Newegg that
       | fought these trolls.
       | 
       | I shudder at the thought of how many of the existing legacy
       | industries outside the computer space are still riddled with
       | these patent portfolio companies :(
        
         | ikekkdcjkfke wrote:
         | Hopefully the powers that be will look at it from a national
         | security perspective, in that other countries do not respect US
         | copyright law and may be pulling ahead
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | copyrights are different from patents.
        
             | zeroCalories wrote:
             | Copyright, patents, it doesn't matter. It's all IP and our
             | enemies do not respect it. We need to move forward with
             | that reality.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | Patents are explicitly open for anyone to see. I don't
               | know that we need more help there: you can get a product
               | banned from import if someone uses your patent without
               | recompense.
        
               | namibj wrote:
               | As someone in a place without pure software patents
               | (algorithms can't be patented, but software/hardware
               | combination systems can be), I'm willing to let US users
               | use an overseas hosted instance instead of locally
               | running it.
               | 
               | Though keeping US entities from importing copies against
               | US patents isn't really something I could stop.
        
               | datadrivenangel wrote:
               | The US used to ignore IP laws when we were an underdog.
        
               | marssaxman wrote:
               | Why should they respect it? Software patents are and have
               | always been a bad idea, blatant parasitism. They should
               | never have been established, must never be taken
               | seriously, and ought to be abolished.
        
         | 12_throw_away wrote:
         | > I do worry that a future more sinister malicious patent troll
         | could read all the wonderful strategy
         | 
         | The "good" news is that patent trolling is, more or less by
         | definition, a get-rich-quick scheme - they want to make a lot
         | of money by sending a few dozen letters every year. It does not
         | attract people who are interested in anything approaching due
         | diligence.
         | 
         | But also, the whole point of all of this is to get the trolls
         | to _leave Cloudflare alone_ , right? This is a very deliberate
         | strategy; this announcement says "don't try that stuff here ...
         | but feel free to try Cisco or Juniper instead."
        
         | andrewjl wrote:
         | How would they get around crowd sourced prior art?
        
       | Xeoncross wrote:
       | So Cisco, Fortinet, Check Point, SonicWall, and Juniper Networks
       | paid millions to Sable. Sable paid $225k to Cloudflare, and won't
       | use them again against anyone.
       | 
       | Sounds like they don't need to. Well played Sable. Enjoy your
       | money.
       | 
       | I really wish we could publicly shame the people behind these
       | abuses or provide some other incentive to correct bad behavior
       | other than speeding-ticket sized fines.
       | 
       | In other news, as an investor, this tells me Cloudflare is
       | technologically ahead of the other older companies who apparently
       | were not sure they could defend against the claims.
        
         | ivanbakel wrote:
         | >In other news, as an investor, this tells me Cloudflare is
         | technologically ahead of the other older companies who
         | apparently were not sure they could defend against the claims.
         | 
         | That feels like a highly specious takeaway from this court
         | case. Companies settle against trolls because litigation isn't
         | free to fight. It can make very good financial sense (and even
         | be encouraged by investors who don't want to see a company in
         | the courts for years, as Cloudflare was.)
         | 
         | I would be highly interested to see the breakdown of what it
         | cost in manhours, fees, prizes to Project Jengo, etc. versus
         | the payout from Sable to fight this particular case for
         | Cloudflare, and whether they even came close to breaking even
         | just on this case alone. Likely their decision somewhat hinged
         | on an estimate of what it might cost to settle all other patent
         | disputes in the future, and the belief that fighting this case
         | is actually saving them much more money down the line (but how
         | much?).
        
           | swiftcoder wrote:
           | On the flip side, there's some napkin math to be done about
           | the costs saved by any future patent trolls who are averted
           | by going all scorched earth this time around...
        
         | AlbertCory wrote:
         | > I really wish we could publicly shame the people behind these
         | abuses or provide some other incentive to correct bad behavior
         | other than speeding-ticket sized fines.
         | 
         | They are beyond shame, believe me. There have already been TV
         | news segments about how their "place of business" in West Texas
         | is just a PO Box.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | > _I really wish we could publicly shame the people behind
         | these abuses or provide some other incentive to correct bad
         | behavior other than speeding-ticket sized fines._
         | 
         | Right? This seems like out-and-out fraud to me.
        
         | Sohcahtoa82 wrote:
         | Sable probably spent a lot of money on fighting Cloudflare. It
         | seems to me like they nearly bankrupted themselves doing it,
         | and $225K was all they had left to pay Cloudflare's legal fees.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | The money from other settlements likely ended up in
         | shareholders pockets, not into sable's reserves.
         | 
         | Thus, a company like that is likely limited to have just budget
         | for legal and little less.
         | 
         | This is also done in order so if they lose a trial and have to
         | pay damages they can't.
        
         | throw16180339 wrote:
         | > In other news, as an investor, this tells me Cloudflare is
         | technologically ahead of the other older companies who
         | apparently were not sure they could defend against the claims.
         | 
         | This is the wrong takeaway. Litigation is expensive and
         | uncertain, especially in the Western District of Texas. It's a
         | troll friendly district with a troll friendly judge. These
         | other companies paid up because it's a rational choice to do
         | so. Cloudflare chose to fight, but it probably would have been
         | cheaper to settle.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | Cloudflare's redeemed themselves, bigtime.
       | 
       | A lot of patent trolls have no assets, and don't own anything
       | except the patents they're currently milking. Then they go out of
       | business, and there's nothing to sue. Sable apparently made the
       | mistake of building up a portfolio and living on.
       | 
       | > Proving invalidity to a jury is hard. The burden on the
       | defendant is high: Cloudflare needed to prove by clear and
       | convincing evidence that claim 25 is invalid. And, proving it by
       | describing how the claim is obvious in light of the prior art is
       | complicated.
       | 
       | You're not kidding.
       | 
       | > Sable's damages expert, Stephen Dell, told the jury that Sable
       | was owed somewhere between $25 million and $94.2 million in
       | damages.
       | 
       | "damages experts" == nice work if you can get it. The damage
       | expert in the Apple v. Samsung trial that I went to was paid $2
       | million. "How much are you getting paid?" is always one of the
       | first things they get asked on cross-examination.
       | 
       | > Sable has agreed to dedicate its entire patent portfolio to the
       | public. This means that Sable will tell the U.S. Patent and
       | Trademark Office that it gives up all of its legal rights to its
       | patent portfolio
       | 
       | Left unsaid is whether this includes anything other than the
       | patents that they already lost on.
       | 
       | Anyhow: great work, Cloudflare.
        
       | vladde wrote:
       | Could someone explain to me why it was decided that Sable will
       | release the patents to the public?
        
         | ISL wrote:
         | With the verdict in-hand, Sable was probably voluntold by
         | Cloudflare.
         | 
         | If Cloudflare thought they had a shot at recovering costs,
         | $225k and a patent-portfolio could be substantially less than
         | whatever Cloudflare (or their insurance) had paid in defense-
         | costs.
        
         | lccerina wrote:
         | They had those patents only to sue other companies and get
         | money, now some of those patents were invalidated by prior art
         | and to Sable are essentially toilet paper. The action is
         | unlikely to be goodwill, more likely admitting defeat and
         | closing the patent troll company.
        
           | usrusr wrote:
           | Could a part of the motivation perhaps be quick, clean
           | liquidation, before any of the companies who settled before
           | cloudflare chose resistance might try to claw back some of
           | the settlement?
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | As I read this, all but one of Sable's patent claims got
         | invalidated in an IPR (a patent proceeding), and the last one
         | got invalidated by a jury at trial. When your patents have no
         | claims left, you aren't doing anything by releasing the patents
         | to the public. It's been defanged anyway.
        
         | psunavy03 wrote:
         | So they can't use them to sue anyone else ever again. Basically
         | they're hosed.
        
         | thrtythreeforty wrote:
         | Cloudflare has negotiating power. They would prefer to give up
         | some of the legal cost recoup in exchange for the public
         | crucifixion of the trolling firm. It's intentionally painting a
         | very scary picture of what happens when you sue Cloudflare, as
         | a deterrent.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | This has nothing to do with that. It's an optics win for
           | cloudflare, but those patents are now worthless enough that
           | Sable doesn't need them any more.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Deterrence.
         | 
         | Cloud flare wanted to send a message to other potential patent
         | trolls that they would not go for money damage but into
         | invalidating their patents too.
        
       | ISL wrote:
       | Has Cloudflare stated anywhere how much their defense cost them
       | (or their insurance)?
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Why would they do so?
         | 
         | So next time another law firm knows how much to ask and raise?
        
       | NikolaNovak wrote:
       | I've read the article but I'm not sure I understand :
       | 
       | 1. Why / how did sable give up its patent portfolio? It's
       | handwaved as "lots of post trial stuff" but what's the nutshell
       | of it? Is it because they're marked invalid? Is it punitive
       | ruling? Something else?
       | 
       | 2. There were 4 patents brought up against cloud flare, but sable
       | gave up "its entire portfolio". Does that mean these 4 were their
       | entire portfolio? Or did they have to give up patents outside of
       | suit itself? If so, how and why? Did sable hang up the hat as a
       | business?
        
         | bryanlarsen wrote:
         | Sable's patents are from a company that stopped operations in
         | 2006, so most patents are probably from well before then, and
         | likely either expired or will very soon.
        
         | sbarre wrote:
         | Could it be that the Cloudflare victory would basically give
         | anyone in the future a very strong case to fight Sable with?
         | 
         | And so this portfolio of patents has lost most of its value
         | because of that?
         | 
         | Maybe Cloudflare agreed to reduced damages in exchange for
         | this?
         | 
         | I agree it's unclear.
        
           | sowbug wrote:
           | Take a look at the legal doctrine of collateral estoppel.
           | Once a party gets its day in court on a specific issue of
           | fact, it can't keep relitigating that issue in later legal
           | actions. It's possible that Cloudflare was the first to take
           | Sable's claims all the way to a verdict (versus settling
           | early), so Sable might have finally gotten its day in court.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collateral_estoppel
        
         | Lukas_Skywalker wrote:
         | There's a picture of the "Dedication to the Public and Royalty
         | Free License Agreement between Sable and Cloudflare" at the end
         | of the article. [1]
         | 
         | Not a lawyer, but it seems to be part of the court ruling.
         | Maybe CF didn't see a chance to get their costs back and made a
         | deal so Sable needed to only pay a part, but also release the
         | patents?
         | 
         | [1] https://cf-
         | assets.www.cloudflare.com/slt3lc6tev37/4rpPZkNJBZ...
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | Reading between the lines, my uneducated guess is that Sable
         | knew they were going out of business either way and had to
         | chose between paying ALL of Cloudflare's legal fees (possibly
         | in the millions) or paying a token amount and giving up their
         | (now or soon-to-be worthless) patents. The latter results in
         | fewer financial loses for Sable and makes for excellent
         | Cloudflare PR.
         | 
         | Edit: Also, it's entirely likely that Sable still made a tidy
         | profit overall when it settled with the other big networking
         | companies and decided to quit while they were ahead.
        
           | LtdJorge wrote:
           | That's what I thought, too
        
           | phire wrote:
           | More importantly, this deal allows them to avoid bankruptcy
           | proceedings.
           | 
           | In the worst case, a bankruptcy could end up clawing back any
           | "tidy profits" that were previously paid out to company
           | owners.
        
         | dave78 wrote:
         | Did Sable give up _ALL_ its patents, or only the patents
         | involved in the Cloudflare case? The picture of the document
         | refers to the  "Sable Patents", which I would suspect are
         | defined in the context of the court case and therefore are only
         | the ones relevant to that case?
        
           | lobsterthief wrote:
           | I read it as "giving up the patents in the portfolio that
           | they acquired from that other company in 2006".
           | 
           | Still not very clear to me either. Probably intentional,
           | since CF seems to want to send the message that "mess with us
           | and in the end you'll give up all your patents somehow"
        
       | HelloNurse wrote:
       | Are there useful patents (i.e. worth using) in the Sable
       | portfolio, or is it all trivial bullshit and obsolete hardware?
        
       | ajsnigrutin wrote:
       | Patents should have a triviality clause in them, so if you can
       | prove that they're trivial to create and implement and be thus
       | invalid if they are.
       | 
       | On one hand, you have patents where someone needed to do
       | thousands of experiments, often costly, years of research to
       | invent some kind of procedure to do X and thus should have some
       | protections from others just taking the implementation and doing
       | it cheaper, because they don't have the development costs. On the
       | other, you can patent "Page down button on the keyboard moves the
       | screen down one full page (A4) instead of one screen size"
        
         | pwg wrote:
         | > Patents should have a triviality clause in them, so if you
         | can prove that they're trivial to create and implement and be
         | thus invalid if they are.
         | 
         | That's already there
         | (https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/35/103)
         | 
         | > A patent for a claimed invention may not be obtained,
         | notwithstanding that the claimed invention is not identically
         | disclosed as set forth in section 102, if the differences
         | between the claimed invention and the prior art are such that
         | the claimed invention as a whole would have been obvious before
         | the effective filing date of the claimed invention to a person
         | having ordinary skill in the art to which the claimed invention
         | pertains.
         | 
         | The problem is that unless the USPTO can find the requisite
         | publications to prove the "obvious" part above from the
         | statute, that then knocking down the resulting issued patent in
         | a court case can be a very expensive effort.
         | 
         | > On the other, you can patent "Page down button on the
         | keyboard moves the screen down one full page (A4) instead of
         | one screen size"
         | 
         | Applicant's get patents because the USPTO can't find the
         | publications necessary to prove they do not deserve to get the
         | patent (there's also lack of time problems that I'm ignoring at
         | the moment).
         | 
         | For your premise, often the reason why "Page Down moves by
         | 'printed page'" might get patented is the lack of any findable
         | publication of anything stating such. The USPTO examiner's
         | don't have the ability to just say "but this is the way it
         | works....", they have to find some publication, somewhere, that
         | said "this is the way it works...".
         | 
         | For things like "how much movement 'PageDown' means", finding
         | publications that state "how much" is extremely difficult.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > For things like "how much movement 'PageDown' means",
           | finding publications that state "how much" is extremely
           | difficult.
           | 
           | Yes .. because it's too trivial to write down.
        
             | pwg wrote:
             | Exactly. But to "prove" it in the USPTO process, they need
             | that "written down" item. And if it is never "written down"
             | because it is too trivial to write down, then the USPTO'
             | examiner's hand are very much tied.
        
       | lccerina wrote:
       | In a sane law system, the existence of a company as a mere "box
       | of patents" without any real product currently or previously on
       | the market would be illegal, and these patent trolls won't
       | exist...
        
         | bityard wrote:
         | I don't think they should be illegal... companies that don't
         | "produce" anything are useful for lots of different legitimate
         | reasons. But the bar for suing for damages should be a lot
         | higher than just, "we happen to own the patents."
        
         | burmanm wrote:
         | Where would you draw a line for "any real product" ? ARM for
         | example doesn't actually produce any "real" (physical) product,
         | but they certainly do research and produce technology for other
         | companies to build products on.
         | 
         | There's a lot of "on paper" companies around the world who
         | actually do produce novel technologies even if they don't
         | themselves create the end product, but instead sell their
         | inventions to other parties.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | So, no researcher can own a company.
         | 
         | Why did everybody just accept the idea that what makes a troll
         | is them having no product when the problem is clear the high
         | costs of litigation and low quality of the patents (and the
         | patents selection)?
         | 
         | IBM is the largest and most destructive patent troll around.
         | And all of that is just propaganda designed to make it and
         | other companies like it rich.
        
       | dpratt wrote:
       | Well, it's nice to know that Sable's entire portfolio is going
       | into the public domain, it's a shame that the likely 50-100 other
       | shell companies owned by this troll still have an arsenal of
       | useless, but incredibly complicated, patents to use to extort
       | money.
       | 
       | A just world would involve piercing the corporate veil and
       | imposing personal consequences on the owner of this company.
        
       | qalmakka wrote:
       | Why are patent trolls allowed to exist? A company that only holds
       | patents and does no productive job with them (research,
       | production, ...) should not be allowed to exist. It stifles
       | development and innovation for the short-lived monetary gain of a
       | few people.
        
         | pas wrote:
         | The naive explanation is that it helps inventors, because
         | speculative investors (the trolls!) buy up patents.
         | 
         | One analogy is pharma research. Rights for a promising
         | candidate molecule are purchased by "big pharma" and they will
         | do the grunt work to validate it and extract the big money from
         | its therapeutic value.
         | 
         | Substitute "FDA market authorization after successful clinical
         | trials" with "that infamous East Texas court district and
         | picking the right targets" (picking a too big target might
         | backfire, picking a too small doesn't really worth the costs,
         | etc.)
         | 
         | Of course the questions are: does this really help inventors?
         | do inventors need help? is it good for society that inventors
         | get help? is the cost of helping inventors this way not
         | unreasonable to the economy? and even if the cost is "low", how
         | fucking fair is it that a lot of businesses are using a given
         | invention but only a lucky few get dragged to court? can we do
         | better? what kind of people patent trolls are? what do they do
         | with the money?
        
           | returningfory2 wrote:
           | Yeah, I think pharma is the really tricky case.
           | 
           | I worked at a small biotech company whose business model was
           | (in part) to do early stage drug discovery research and then
           | sell promising leads to bigger companies, who would take the
           | leads through the FDA approval process. Actually taking a
           | drug through to approval is a $1 billion+ endeavor (with a
           | high probability that it just won't work; e.g. stage 3 trials
           | just fail). Small companies cannot do this.
           | 
           | So a naive solution like "don't allow patents to be sold"
           | actually restricts a bunch of reasonable businesses.
        
         | teucris wrote:
         | It's an unfortunate byproduct of allowing patents to be bought
         | and sold. Let's say you had a patent: you worked hard on your
         | invention and you deserve to reap the financial benefits of it.
         | But you do not have the legal resources to protect your right
         | as the inventor. It feels fair and reasonable to me that you
         | can sell your patent to a third party to license and protect as
         | they see fit, so you can reap some financial reward.
         | 
         | Now, how do you make sure that these companies buying patents
         | don't become trolls? I don't think it's fair to require them to
         | use the patent, because that limits who the inventor can sell
         | to. Personally I think the way IP lawsuits are filed and
         | considered needs significant reform.
        
           | graemep wrote:
           | We could require someone to use it - get rid of submarine
           | patents.
        
             | dghlsakjg wrote:
             | Then you get will into issues of what use actually is. What
             | is a reasonable timeline for filing a patent, and getting
             | it to market? What is a slow and methodical development
             | program vs. footdragging? What if the market for your
             | product doesn't support profitable operation for your
             | company, but someone else claims they can do it?
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | Submarine patents is a different issue, effectively ended
             | by changes in 2000 that require (most) patent applications
             | to be published, and changes in 1995 that changed the term
             | of patents to start from date of filing rather than date of
             | issuance. There could possibly be a few unpublished patent
             | applications from before 1995 that are still in the
             | examination process; but case law from 2005 [1][2] makes it
             | difficult to enforce patents if there has been
             | 'unreasonable and unjustified' delay in the claims, and I'd
             | suspect it would be hard to justify a delay of 30 years.
             | 
             | [1] http://cafc.uscourts.gov/opinions-orders/04-1451.pdf
             | 
             | [2] https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/appeals-
             | court-con...
        
         | hosh wrote:
         | The patent laws does not require such thing. If it were, there
         | may be some unforseen consequences.
         | 
         | For example, during the late 1800s, a number of companies
         | bandied together to pool their patents together for a
         | commercially viable sewing machine. No single company had been
         | able to develop and file patents that resulted in a working
         | sewing machine. As such, they pooled the patents and negotiated
         | a portion of royalties for everyone who contributed. That would
         | probably have been set up as its own legal entity. With a
         | requirement to be an operating company, such a legal vehicle
         | would not have worked.
         | 
         | You could argue that such an entity is considered "productive",
         | but then you would have to define what that means and write it
         | into the law. Any lawsuit involving patents would require
         | demonstrating that.
         | 
         | Another example is trademarks. In order to have a registered
         | trademark, you must show that it is in active use, and it is
         | distinct. That means that in order to keep a registered
         | trademark, you must sue anyone who is infringing upon it.
         | 
         | There is an indie author who came up on a litrpg genre concept
         | combining it with a post-apocalypse setting. His book exploded
         | upon the niche, progressive fantasy scene. People loved the
         | idea and other authors wrote books for it. The original author
         | tried to brand it and protect it with a registered trademark.
         | Because the term had rapidly genericized, that author started
         | sending cease & desist letters to other authors, because he was
         | required to in order to keep the registered trademark.
         | 
         | I don't know if he knew he had do that when he registered it,
         | but doing so drained the goodwill he had in the community.
         | Progressive fantasy is a small indie community, and the authors
         | who can, gather at Dragoncon to talk, exchange ideas. This is
         | similar to sending cease and desist to your neighbors. You will
         | quickly find yourself locked out of the community.
         | 
         | I am thinking of the inventor of the bear suit. Making
         | something to protect yourself from a grizzly bear seems like it
         | has low value for society. It is also this off the wall
         | perspective that allowed him to invent a gel that can absorb
         | heat (probably a non-Newtonian fluid). If we're trying to
         | protect the livelihood of an indie inventor like that, would a
         | requirement to demonstrate productivity help the Bear Suit
         | inventor? Or would it have a chilling effect?
        
         | grishka wrote:
         | IMO patents should not be transferable. And maybe they
         | shouldn't be assignable to corporate entities, only to people.
         | Multiple people at once if they all contributed to the
         | invention.
        
           | jessriedel wrote:
           | This would massively disenfranchise small inventors, and
           | force all inventive work into large companies. There is no
           | reason that the person who does the inventing should also be
           | the person developing and selling a product.
           | 
           | It is weird and unfortunate that the longstanding
           | deficiencies with patent law (chiefly: issuing patents for
           | things that are too obvious or numerous) are being blamed on
           | transferability of property rights. It's the same broken
           | intuition as over regulating housing construction and then
           | blaming high housing costs on ownership by Chinese nationals.
        
         | _nalply wrote:
         | In a perfect world this is arbitrage. Arbitrage helps making
         | markets more efficient. However we don't live in a perfect
         | world. Judgment is too expensive and risky. If it were quick,
         | cheap and safe then patent trolls won't have the chance to do
         | extortion. They would be limited to ... um... arbitrage!
        
         | acomjean wrote:
         | Its a pure failure of the Patent office issuing dubious
         | patents.
         | 
         | The patent office is financially encouraged to keep issuing
         | patents no matter the quality because it keeps the patent fees
         | and those are payed by the applicants. The patent office seems
         | to be protected financially from issuing bad patents as well (I
         | can't find any record of them being sued by companies that have
         | licensed patents that have been invalidated).
         | 
         | Its gotten a little better with the Alice ruling.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alice_Corp._v._CLS_Bank_Intern...
        
       | btrettel wrote:
       | As a former patent examiner, I was struck by how low the payout
       | for Project Jengo was. $125,000 for _all_ people submitting prior
       | art? (There were hundreds of submissions, so it 's split among
       | many people.) I would like to help out with such things and I
       | think I have the experience to do it well, but even being a GS-7
       | patent examiner making $75,000 per year is a better deal! That's
       | especially true given that Cloudflare's not only expecting people
       | to find prior art, but to also write the legal arguments about
       | why it reads on Sable's claims.
       | 
       | If they're serious about their prior art bounty program, they're
       | going to need to increase the bounties. Actual patent search
       | firms charge a lot more money, and even lowly paid bureaucrats
       | make a lot more.
        
         | tomhallett wrote:
         | While I don't disagree with any of your points, it seems like
         | they are using a "platform/UGC/crowd" model to change the
         | economics of the business model.
         | 
         | In the same way that TV networks find/vet/pay for the supply of
         | shows and take on the risk per-show, YouTube (at its core)
         | doesn't do any of that and all of the content creators do those
         | things with the hope it will take off and a share of the ad
         | revenue, while YouTube's risks are related to the opex cost of
         | the incoming supply/demand.
         | 
         | Instead of cloudflare paying per examiner, they give a non-
         | guaranteed slice to a bigger group of people.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Strangely, this sounds like a great use case for LLMs? To
           | just grind through entire datasets attempting to surface
           | prior art.
           | 
           | Edit: Found this with a search, so it can be done:
           | https://xlscout.ai/novelty-checker-llm/
           | 
           | (also, thanks Cloudflare! Keep on grinding patent trolls!)
        
             | btrettel wrote:
             | After I quit the USPTO, I tried using ChatGPT 3.5 for some
             | basic patent examining activity out of curiosity, and I can
             | say that it did an absolutely horrendous job. This wasn't
             | prior art search, just analyzing the text to do a rejection
             | based on the text alone (35 USC 112).
             | 
             | And the AI search technologies I used tended to not be
             | particularly good. They typically find "background"
             | documents that are related but can't be used in a
             | rejection.
             | 
             | I don't anticipate LLMs being able to examine patents in
             | general well. Many times a detailed understanding of things
             | not in the text is necessary to examine. For the
             | technologies I examined, often search was basically
             | flipping through drawings. I'd love to see an AI search
             | technology focus specifically on patent drawings. This can
             | be quite difficult. Often I'd have to understand the
             | topology of a circuit (electrical or flow) and find a
             | specific combination of elements. Of course, each drawing
             | could be laid out differently but be topologically
             | equivalent... this surely can be handled with computers in
             | some way, but it's going to require a big effort right now.
        
               | lostdog wrote:
               | The patent office is also horrendous at evaluating
               | novelty, so I suppose ChatGPT has already reached human
               | level performance on this task!
        
               | jeremyjh wrote:
               | Similar to the way in which software developers are
               | terrible at delivering quality software on-time and on-
               | budget, so I suppose ChatGPT has already reached human
               | level performance on this task!
        
               | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
               | ChatGPT is a mirror where we don't look too good ...
        
               | jeremyjh wrote:
               | My point was more that just because humans are terrible
               | at something doesn't mean ChatGPT can't be much worse.
        
               | jimmydddd wrote:
               | As others have said, ChatGPT is great for writing fluff
               | content that has no right or wrong answer. But it is
               | still weak when a correct answer is needed, like in legal
               | analysis. It can write a great 10 page summary of the
               | history of the use of strawberries. But when it comes to
               | telling how many r's are in the word strawberry, it's not
               | very trustworthy.
        
               | CrimsonCape wrote:
               | I wonder if most people realize that your observation is
               | a fundamental problem with LLMS. LLMs simply have no
               | means to evaluate factuality. Keep asking ChatGPT "Are
               | you sure?" and it will break eventually.
               | 
               | The inability to answer basic facts should be a
               | dealbreaker.
        
             | dsr_ wrote:
             | Then you need to go over each item with just as much care
             | as you would any probably-irrelevant item pulled from a
             | keyword search, because the LLM is incapable of evaluating
             | it in any way other than correlation.
             | 
             | Also, you don't necessarily have a real dataset to begin
             | with: prior art doesn't need to be patented, it just needs
             | to be published/public/invented sufficiently before the
             | patent. Searching the existing patent database is
             | insufficient.
        
               | jncfhnb wrote:
               | Going over a better curated list is a significant upgrade
               | and time saver.
               | 
               | Let's not pretend that "correlation" isn't very powerful
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | > Also, you don't necessarily have a real dataset to
               | begin with: prior art doesn't need to be patented, it
               | just needs to be published/public/invented sufficiently
               | before the patent. Searching the existing patent database
               | is insufficient.
               | 
               | I would caution against making assumptions with regards
               | to dataset access and size. I agree effectiveness of the
               | effort I mention would be a function of not only gen AI
               | engineering, but also dataset size and scope.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | There are, in fact, startups working on using AI for legal
             | matters. I know one of the principals in one personally.
             | 
             | I don't know if they're tackling this issue, though.
        
           | btrettel wrote:
           | Gene Quinn (in 2015) estimated that patent search with the
           | attorney's opinion on patentability for software costs around
           | $2500 to $3000 [1]. Obviously the cost is going to be higher
           | now. Compare that alone against the $1000 ("at least") per
           | winner that Cloudflare's offering.
           | 
           | But Cloudflare isn't asking for an opinion on a particular
           | invention. A patent searcher could come back and say there is
           | no prior art that reads on the invention in that case and
           | still be paid. Instead, Cloudflare's asking for invalidating
           | prior art, which I think sets the bar even higher and should
           | increase the payout to account for the fact that much of the
           | time there won't be invalidating prior art and thus won't be
           | a payout.
           | 
           | If the platform is not taking on as much risk, the payouts
           | should be higher.
           | 
           | [1] https://ipwatchdog.com/2015/04/04/the-cost-of-obtaining-
           | a-pa...
        
             | oefrha wrote:
             | I doubt the program's aimed at patent lawyers. They're
             | probably casting a wide net hoping to reach people who
             | happen to be close to invalidating prior art to begin with,
             | skipping the search. Or maybe people who's sued by the same
             | patent troll, in which case the program serves to pool
             | findings. If I can write up something I already know in
             | less than an hour and possibly win $1k, why not.
        
             | AlbertCory wrote:
             | At Google we did a comparison of many, many "patent search"
             | firms: giving them all the same task. Unfortunately I
             | couldn't tell you the results even if I remembered them
             | (which I don't). Most were garbage but a couple were spot-
             | on.
             | 
             | It's more than $3,000; I can tell you that.
             | 
             | Secondly, it's detective work; you might get the answer
             | right away, and you might spend days searching fruitlessly.
             | Making a claim chart is what take the time: you have to hit
             | every single element.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | I really don't understand these posts on "it should be
             | higher". Dozens and dozens of people contributed so the
             | payout was either fair or irrelevant.
        
           | jimmydddd wrote:
           | But is there any potential disproportionate upside for any of
           | the group of people who are searching? The sued company
           | avoids paying $100 million in damages, and my upside as a
           | searcher is $1000? Correct? Like, I don't have a potential
           | super high upside like a YouTube content creator.
        
             | charlieyu1 wrote:
             | FOSS has almost unlimited upside and is based on
             | contributors who are barely paid anything.
        
               | jimmydddd wrote:
               | Agreed. I do think, however, that FOSS contributors may
               | get some "social capital" from contributing (approval
               | from the cool crowd, putting it on their resume and
               | walking employers through what they did) that I doubt
               | would go to some dude who spent 100 hours researching and
               | finding an old patent or publication that kills a patent.
               | Though I may be wrong.
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | You are being misguided for the same reason in both FOSS
               | and this patent thing.
               | 
               | You just cannot see that for many people it's their
               | genuine interest.
               | 
               | I know plenty of open source contributors and most of
               | them do not give two damns about social capital or resume
               | (some don't even work in software, but contribute to OS),
               | they just like solving problems with code.
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | Cloudflare is shrewdly calculating that there is a lot of
         | latent, unexpressed hate toward patent trolls but that most
         | people don't want to make a career out of it, but might very
         | well make a little hobby out of it, and so they get to take
         | advantage of people who are motivated by something other than
         | money.
         | 
         | More deeply, the very idea of a "patent examiner" has never
         | made sense to me. It requires being expert in all things, which
         | is impossible. It makes more sense to take someone who is an
         | expert in a field, and put a "patent examiner" hat on them for
         | a little while. Ideally the patent system is not so complex
         | that it itself requires as much or more study to be expert in
         | than the actual subjects of the patents -- this would be a very
         | bad sign.
        
           | saratogacx wrote:
           | Patent Examiners do specialize in their fields. It isn't
           | something that is just a common pool subject to any patent
           | that comes into the pipe.
           | 
           | From the USPTO[1]
           | 
           | What kind of degree do I need to apply, and which vacancy do
           | I need to apply to? The minimum degree required to be a
           | utility patent examiner is a bachelor's degree. There are
           | dozens of STEM-related bachelor's degree types that qualify,
           | even if they are not the exact discipline listed in the title
           | of the job vacancy.
           | 
           | For example, professionals with bachelor's degrees ranging
           | from engineering, mathematics, astronomy, space science,
           | geophysics, oceanography, or hydrology could all apply to the
           | "Patent Examiner (Physics)" vacancy when it is open. To see
           | more details about which degrees best fit with which patent
           | examiner vacancies, view this chart[1]. You can also attend
           | one of our upcoming webinars or office hours to chat with a
           | current patent examiner, or email us at JoinUSPTO@uspto.gov
           | with your specific question.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.uspto.gov/jobs/become-patent-examiner [2] htt
           | ps://www.uspto.gov/sites/default/files/documents/patent-e...
        
             | codersfocus wrote:
             | There aren't any consequences to their decisions though.
             | 
             | Patent examiner shouldn't be a civil servant's job.
             | 
             | Rather, it should be a "bond" process given to private,
             | accredited individuals / organizations.
             | 
             | If your issued patents are found invalid, your bond (which
             | would be in the millions) is raided to pay back damages.
        
           | svieira wrote:
           | > Ideally the patent system is not so complex that it itself
           | requires as much or more study to be expert in than the
           | actual subjects of the patents
           | 
           | Unfortunately, "patent law" is a complex body of laws, legal
           | decisions, and specialized procedures large enough to be its
           | own distinct specialization for lawyers. While it's not
           | impossible to become an expert in it without _years_ of
           | study, it is definitely not possible to be _excellent_ at it.
           | 
           | Just to put it in perspective, the Manual of Patent Examining
           | Procedure _alone_ weighs in at over 4K pages of text.
           | 
           | https://www.uspto.gov/web/offices/pac/mpep/index.html
        
           | btrettel wrote:
           | > Cloudflare is shrewdly calculating that there is a lot of
           | latent, unexpressed hate toward patent trolls but that most
           | people don't want to make a career out of it, but might very
           | well make a little hobby out of it, and so they get to take
           | advantage of people who are motivated by something other than
           | money.
           | 
           | I don't think this is a good strategy. These folks tend to
           | have a poor understanding of patent law in my experience, and
           | you need to understand the basics to do this right. (You
           | fortunately don't need to know too much law to handle 90% of
           | cases.) And these folks probably aren't very effective at
           | patent searching even if they understand the legal parts. I
           | think most people overestimate their own search abilities. I
           | certainly did. Examining patents didn't level me up as much
           | as humble me in that regard.
           | 
           | > More deeply, the very idea of a "patent examiner" has never
           | made sense to me. It require being expert in all things,
           | which is impossible. [...]
           | 
           | As saratogacx pointed out, at the USPTO, the vast majority of
           | examiners have a specific technology they are assigned to.
           | While the matching of examiners to their "art unit" is often
           | pretty bad (I could go on a rant...), the situation is not as
           | bad as you described. There are some generalist examiners,
           | but as I understand it, they are in (basically) QA roles and
           | don't need to know the technologies as much. Unfortunately,
           | USPTO upper management seems to want to make examiners into
           | generalists, which I doubt will work out as they want.
           | 
           | I agree that periodic rotations of industry folks into patent
           | examiner positions is a great idea. It would help the patent
           | system and give the industry folks some appreciation for what
           | examiners do.
           | 
           | If you're worried about lack of expertise, you should be more
           | worried about the courts. Judges and juries almost never have
           | a background in the technology of the case they are working
           | on.
        
             | the_gorilla wrote:
             | >It would help the patent system and give the industry
             | folks some appreciation for what examiners do.
             | 
             | The examiners regularly approve absolute bullshit patents
             | in my field that either obviously have prior work, and
             | shouldn't be patentable anyway such as game mechanics. They
             | clearly don't understand the work they're meant to be
             | doing. Either patent law is horribly designed and needs to
             | be razed to the ground, or it's being horribly applied.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | If you go to a hospital that lacks the resources to
               | provide proper treatment, should you be surprised to
               | receive poor treatment even if your doctor was highly
               | competent? That's basically the situation the USPTO is
               | in. Examiners are on a quota system and they don't get
               | enough time to do a good quality job.
               | 
               | With that being said, the majority of the time, the
               | examiner made the right decision. You should check
               | whether a patent was actually granted, for instance.
               | Often when people are complaining about a dumb patent
               | they're actually complaining about a dumb patent
               | _application_ that the USPTO rightly rejected. You should
               | be complaining about the people writing such
               | applications, not the USPTO.
               | 
               | Further, the USPTO is funded purely by fees, not taxes.
               | Applicants want patents. That creates a perverse
               | incentive to reduce patent quality to make it easier to
               | get patents.
               | 
               | I've elaborated on these issues at length on HN before:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36563611
        
               | the_gorilla wrote:
               | >If you go to a hospital that lacks the resources to
               | provide proper treatment
               | 
               | I don't have the energy to diffuse false analogies. We're
               | not talking about a hospital.
        
               | lostdog wrote:
               | The parent clearly said that approved parents were
               | bullshit, and I agree. I have several patents, and have
               | seen how nonsense the process is. When lawyers obfuscate
               | the text enough to confuse the patent examiner, the
               | patent gets approved. I can't tell if an individual
               | patent examiner is competent or knowledgeable, but patent
               | decisions have nothing to do with factuality or novelty.
               | 
               | I do remember your comments from past threads too. It
               | really interesting to hear the perspective from the
               | patent office's side, but the idea that the patent office
               | had some secret and specialized method of evaluating
               | novelty is ridiculous. Any expert can read a sample of
               | _granted_ patents and tell you that. I 'd estimate maybe
               | 5% of patents in my field have any novelty, and that's
               | being generous.
               | 
               | I'm sure this has more to do with incentives and the
               | overall system, and that individual patent examiners
               | would prefer to do a good job. But you have to admit that
               | the results are atrocious.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | > The parent clearly said that approved parents were
               | bullshit, and I agree.
               | 
               | Just because they said it was granted, doesn't mean that
               | it was. A lot of people here don't seem able to
               | distinguish between a granted patent and a rejected
               | patent application. Here are two examples that I bothered
               | to reply to in the past:
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=38766101
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=36563425
               | 
               | > the idea that the patent office had some secret and
               | specialized method of evaluating novelty is ridiculous
               | 
               | I don't think they do and I never said they do. The USPTO
               | follows some legal standard that I personally don't agree
               | with. I agree with you that too few granted patents have
               | genuine novelty.
               | 
               | > But you have to admit that the results are atrocious.
               | 
               | No, I don't. You've seen a small selection of what the
               | USPTO outputs. Only the bad cases appear in the news. In
               | contrast, I've seen a far larger and unbiased selection
               | and know that the majority is fine. Most applications are
               | rejected. I probably rejected over 75% myself.
        
               | lostdog wrote:
               | I have seen the results from searches of patents in my
               | field, and the patents that my colleagues get granted.
               | It's hard to find even a single good patent in the bunch.
               | 
               | Is there a way to sample 5 random ML patents? I'd be
               | surprised if half were any good.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | I think I haven't been clear on a few things.
               | 
               | I think the quality of examination and search is
               | excellent given how little time examiners have. But
               | mistakes still happen too frequently, and the mistakes
               | can be highly costly. Better to stop problems upstream in
               | my opinion by giving examiners more time.
               | 
               | Patent quality is related but different. I agree that
               | patent quality is awful, but there's only so much an
               | examiner can do to influence that. Attorneys have
               | basically gamed the system to write vague legalese that's
               | patentable but basically useless. And to paraphase a
               | supervisor I knew at the USPTO, "Just because it's stupid
               | doesn't mean that it's not patentable". I can't reject
               | them if it meets the legal standards but is stupid.
               | 
               | Anyhow, I think there might be a random sort feature that
               | can do what you want in the USPTO's public search (no
               | time to check, though):
               | https://www.uspto.gov/patents/search/patent-public-search
        
               | amiga386 wrote:
               | What is your opinion on US20200413106A1, which was
               | granted?
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_numeral_systems#
               | Pat...
               | 
               | https://www.theregister.com/2021/03/13/microsoft_ans_pate
               | nt/
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | I have no personal opinion. If you want the opinion of
               | the examiner, you can go here:
               | 
               | https://patentcenter.uspto.gov/applications/16456602/ifw/
               | doc...
               | 
               | Look for "Notice of Allowance and Fees Due (PTOL-85)" and
               | click on "PDF" on the right. Scroll to page 10 and look
               | for the "Reasons for Allowance" section where the
               | examiner describes in detail why it differs from the
               | prior art.
        
               | amiga386 wrote:
               | I was more looking for your opinion on the patent in
               | general.
               | 
               | While there are minor technical differences in exactly
               | how rANS has been encoded/decoded before, and how
               | Microsoft does it, the fact that Microsoft was granted
               | this means they now have a weapon with which they can
               | cause fear, uncertainty and doubt around ANS, much to the
               | chagrin of the ANS's actual inventor, Jarek Duda, who
               | wanted it to be public domain and implementable by
               | anyone.
               | 
               | I'm not an expert but Duda and fellow compression experts
               | looked at the claims themselves:
               | https://encode.su/threads/2648-Published-rANS-patent-by-
               | Stor...
               | 
               | It seems to me like Microsoft got a patent on "doing ANS
               | a little bit different" - they didn't have to, they could
               | just do it the normal way, but this little bit of
               | difference lets them secure a patent, and now they can
               | pursue _anyone_ who implements ANS to intimidate them
               | with  "how sure are you don't do ANS like we do? Let's
               | get our multi-billion legal team, and your legal team,
               | and find out. You have a legal team, don't you?"
               | 
               | In particular, this patent already had a final rejection
               | in 2020. But Microsoft then took advantage of the "After
               | Final Consideration Pilot" program, which sounds more
               | like the USPTO trying to drum up trade, to get it re-re-
               | re-examined.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | > Microsoft was granted this means they now have a weapon
               | with which they can cause fear, uncertainty and doubt
               | around ANS
               | 
               | This is due more to people not understanding what the
               | patent covers. The right response in my view is to
               | educate people. Just because someone has a patent on a
               | particular variation of X, doesn't mean that working on X
               | is risky or what not. Just don't infringe their
               | variation. When I was at the USPTO, I examined a lot of
               | little variations of common things in my area (water
               | heaters and car air vents, mostly) and I never worried
               | that it would stop innovation as usually the point of
               | novelty was not particularly groundbreaking, or even
               | necessarily of interest to anyone aside from the
               | applicant.
        
               | the_gorilla wrote:
               | I'm wonder now if people working in patent offices
               | actually think they're doing something good and are just
               | overworked, while being completely unaware of the evil
               | they're supporting. It sure sounds like you think there's
               | value in it.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | The patent office can be sued for not granting but not
               | for granting. So they bias towards granting things they
               | shouldn't and let the courts deal with the mess later.
        
             | eastdakota wrote:
             | Proof is in the pudding, as they say. I've been astonished
             | by the quality of the submissions we've received the times
             | we've fired up Project Jengo. And it's helped us
             | successfully beat -- and literally put out of business --
             | the two patent trolls that have come after us.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | Did you all pay for a normal invalidation search as well?
               | I'm glad it worked for you all, but I think "spray and
               | pray" is typically not a good strategy. I suppose you all
               | had enough scale to reach the right people.
        
               | Digit-Al wrote:
               | The proof is not in the pudding. The proof of the pudding
               | is in the eating.
        
         | eastdakota wrote:
         | Having talked with several of them, most of the people who
         | submit the prior art as part of Project Jengo would do so even
         | if there were no payout. Several winners have actually asked
         | that the payout be donated back to other organizations fighting
         | patent trolls. This isn't intended to be anyone's full time
         | job. It is intended to reward technical people with industry
         | knowledge who may be able to help surface prior art and are as
         | sick of patent trolls as we are.
        
           | mdhb wrote:
           | That's cool and all but don't lowball people. This was the
           | first thing Cloudflare has done in years that I didn't
           | associate with something shitty until I saw this.
           | 
           | Just for once do the right thing rather than what you think
           | you can get away with because overall this is a genuinely
           | something to be celebrated.
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | They clearly offered enough to be worth it to enough people
             | to take out Sable. If being part of a successful effort to
             | take down a patent troll is its own reward and Cloudflare
             | successfully coordinated the work to make that happen, I'm
             | really failing to see the problem.
        
           | btrettel wrote:
           | Thanks for your comment.
           | 
           | Personally, I value my own time well above my job's hourly
           | rate, so I would expect to be paid more, not less, in the
           | situation you describe. I suspect the same is true for many
           | others as well.
           | 
           | > most of the people who submit the prior art as part of
           | Project Jengo would do so even if there were no payout
           | 
           | I'd say this is due to selection bias. People who wanted a
           | bigger payout didn't participate.
           | 
           | You all's program is basically over now, but I think anyone
           | considering a prior art bounty program in the future should
           | check best practices for bug bounty programs. The two seem
           | similar to me. Paying more will get more and better
           | submissions, and it doesn't seem to be particularly expensive
           | to me.
        
             | mlyle wrote:
             | It was obviously sufficient ;)
             | 
             | Paying more doesn't always motivate people more or get more
             | (quality) people to do a thing. Compensation and associated
             | psychology is complicated, because people are complicated.
             | 
             | e.g. I am willingly working very hard at a job where I
             | could make 10x or perhaps even 100x elsewhere with equal or
             | less effort. And I often spend my time on things that are
             | completely irrational by your types of economic measures or
             | even "pay to work."
        
               | bsimpson wrote:
               | I'm remembering the time I spent $40,000 worth of time
               | saving maybe a couple grand on bike parts.
               | 
               | (I spent a couple months between gigs building a bicycle
               | from parts, and sourcing the parts was the biggest
               | timesink.)
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | What did you build?
        
               | bsimpson wrote:
               | A 29er with a continuously variable transmission in the
               | rear hub, mustache handlebars, wood fenders, and a crank
               | made by a mill in Petaluma.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | That sounds great. Any pictures anywhere? I need to get
               | out of the 'bike must go faster' rut.
        
               | bsimpson wrote:
               | https://bikeindex.org/bikes/1035
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | The crazy thing about home improvement stuff is
               | oftentimes you save a shitload by diy'ing it.
               | 
               | I've saved about $162/hour on various home projects when
               | compared to quotes I've been given. Considering I'm a
               | relative noob when it comes to this stuff I've gotta
               | imagine they're charging much higher hourly rates than
               | this.
               | 
               | This $162/hour is way more than what my salary as an
               | hourly wage would be and it's also tax free to boot.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | There's an incredibly high overhead on getting work as a
               | contractor, billing for it, etc. There's a whole lot of
               | unbillable hours you need to amortize.
               | 
               | (At the same time, people DIYing tend to underestimate
               | their real opportunity costs).
               | 
               | The best outcome is that you end up liking tinkering and
               | have pride in your work. That's a very high discount to
               | the real cost.
        
               | bcrosby95 wrote:
               | I totally understand the high overhead aspect, but I
               | assume knowing what you're doing is supposed to help
               | immensely with that.
               | 
               | Pride in work is a big thing. As someone who works at a
               | desk, some manual labor on the weekend is a nice change
               | of pace. It's also not pointless exercise. And in my
               | experience the best way to get something done right is to
               | get free advice from the pros and do it yourself. Because
               | the people the pros hire to do it won't care as much as
               | you.
        
             | alright2565 wrote:
             | Think of this more of as public service than a job, with
             | the cash prize being there to generate media excitement.
             | 
             | I'll still pick up litter when I'm walking through a rich
             | neighborhood, even though those people have groundskeepers
             | to take care of it for them. No one is doing this with the
             | goal of a profit.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | Why should I do a "public service" for a company with a
               | market cap measured in the tens of billions of dollars?
               | They can pay for it.
               | 
               | And this is a much bigger ask than picking up litter.
        
               | jstanley wrote:
               | Nobody's trying to tell you that _you_ have to do this.
               | They 're trying to help you understand why _other people_
               | want to do it.
               | 
               | Is there a name for the fallacy "I don't see why people
               | do X", "they do it because Y", "but I don't care about
               | Y!" ?
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | Fair enough. Replace "I" with "someone" in my previous
               | comment. I can see why people would do these patent
               | searches, but I still think it's a bad idea for those
               | folks do these patent searches for so little.
        
               | barkingcat wrote:
               | isn't this exactly the point?
               | 
               | from the viewpoint you've presented it's a bad idea to
               | volunteer for basically anything.
               | 
               | even something like enlisting in a nation's armed forces
               | is a bad idea since the risk is so high vs the monetary
               | reward, and the only way people would become soldiers is
               | to join mercenary armies where there is a price exacted
               | that matches the performance.
               | 
               | for many people, they value the intangible more than the
               | money.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | Okay, I think appreciate your perspective and that of
               | some others here more. If you all think it's a good use
               | of your time, go ahead. Personally, I have more pressing
               | concerns. And for what it's worth, (and I know this won't
               | be popular here) the entire patent troll narrative is
               | overblown, which seems to be the consensus opinion of
               | people working in patent law. For example, see this blog
               | post:
               | 
               | https://ipwatchdog.com/2017/06/22/myths-patent-trolls-
               | preven...
               | 
               | Given that I think the narrative is overblown, I don't
               | really see this as a "public service". It's a problem,
               | sure, but it's not a major one.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | My first startup had 3 different firms with no real
               | product try to shake us down using patents with obvious
               | prior art at different times. It was a major distraction
               | and costly in resources when we had limited capital.
               | 
               | We did manage to convince them all to go away, but it
               | might have been cheaper to just pay them off. I'm
               | guessing that all they really wanted was a long list of
               | capitulations and licensees before litigating against the
               | big guys.
               | 
               | I'm not surprised that the IPR industry which thrives
               | upon resulting legal fees is less inclined to view things
               | as trolling and any trolling that happens to be not too
               | severe, though. ;)
        
               | AnthonyMouse wrote:
               | > And for what it's worth, (and I know this won't be
               | popular here) the entire patent troll narrative is
               | overblown, which seems to be the consensus opinion of
               | people working in patent law.
               | 
               | "People working in patent law" have a conflict of
               | interest. The arguments being made in that link are
               | practically in bad faith, e.g.:
               | 
               | > Google and Uber are locked in a patent battle over
               | self-driving automobiles, so does that make Google and
               | Uber patent trolls?
               | 
               | The ordinary definition of a patent troll is a firm that
               | sues for patent infringement as its primary business. Say
               | what you will about Google and Uber, they clearly derive
               | the bulk of their revenue from offering products and
               | services to the public.
               | 
               | > As we consider all of this it is also important to keep
               | in mind that the U.S. tech sector spending on patent
               | trolls is less than 1% of all IT spending.
               | 
               | If you compare a smaller number to a bigger number, the
               | bigger number is bigger. But the thing that matters isn't
               | the size of the problem relative to the size of the
               | industry, it's whether the shakedowns are net positive or
               | net negative.
               | 
               | For software patents in particular, it's the latter,
               | because software is inherently and purposely abstract.
               | Which is incompatible with the reasonable operation of
               | the patent system, because it makes the two viable
               | strategies to patent the abstraction or to patent some
               | specific implementation which is required for
               | _compatibility_ , so that alternate implementations can't
               | be used without disrupting interoperability. Otherwise
               | the number of alternate software implementations of any
               | given abstraction are so large that nobody would
               | purposely use somebody else's software patent, they'd
               | just create their own non-infringing implementation of
               | the same abstraction.
               | 
               | But patenting the abstraction itself is not supposed to
               | be allowed (even though these patents are all too often
               | granted) and using a patent for the purposes of
               | preventing interoperability should be an antitrust
               | violation for the same reason as tying is illegal even
               | when the original monopoly was lawfully obtained, because
               | the value you're extracting isn't the value of the
               | invention, it's the value of compatibility with the
               | existing system. And then there's nothing of merit left.
        
               | ordu wrote:
               | It is the same with programmers who writes open source
               | programs just for fun of it. And I remember in 2000x
               | there were people who thought that it is a bad idea.
               | There were even lawsuits filled by programmers who
               | couldn't sell their programs because they were left
               | without customers due to open source solutions.
        
               | otherme123 wrote:
               | Or the whole Wikipedia thing, that at first was dismissed
               | by traditional publishers, whom then were bankrupted and
               | buried by an army of free working amateurs.
        
               | intended wrote:
               | For a patent search? Too little.
               | 
               | Screwing over a patent troll? That's priceless.
               | 
               | No amount of money can provide that satisfaction. Heck,
               | I'm not even impacted and I'm gleefully happy. Whoever
               | helped deserves a free beer. Patent trolls are a blight.
        
               | throwaway48476 wrote:
               | The problem is there's a lot of patent tools and only a
               | few make the news. Passion can't win them all.
        
               | mlyle wrote:
               | I don't think it's paying most of them to do a patent
               | search.
               | 
               | It's a way to get media attention for people to glance at
               | it. It's providing a nudge for them to tell you about
               | something that they know off the top of their head.
               | 
               | Patent trolling is a big problem, and a lot of us view
               | opposing it in a small way as a type of community of
               | service.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | That's like saying it's a bad idea to contribute to Open
               | Source. It's a similar motivation: people want to do good
               | in the world and don't necessarily need to be paid for
               | it.
        
               | the_gorilla wrote:
               | You clearly don't understand how much people hate patent
               | trolls and software patents in general. It's all a cruel
               | joke, and getting paid some token sum of money to
               | invalidate a bunch of worthless patents is just a nice
               | bonus. You wouldn't do it for free because generating
               | these patents is your job.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | You are mistaken. I'm a _former_ patent examiner as
               | pointed out in the third word of my first comment here.
               | So I have no conflict of interest. And I think I have a
               | solid understanding of how much people hate patent trolls
               | and software patents in general, which is why I added the
               | qualifier about how I know my comment would be unpopular
               | in some other comments here.
        
               | the_gorilla wrote:
               | Conflicts of interest don't really work like that. You
               | are a patent examiner even after you stop working as one,
               | and for as long as your loyalties and ideas remain with
               | your former job.
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | I don't know that it's a fallacy that has a name, but it
               | could be considered an appeal to authority (person is
               | claiming authority on what other should care about) or
               | ignoratio elenchi (irrelevant conclusion) since the
               | conclusion (nobody should care about this) obviously
               | doesn't follow (I don't care about this).
        
               | nfriedly wrote:
               | > _Why should I do a "public service" for a company with
               | a market cap measured in the tens of billions of dollars?
               | They can pay for it._
               | 
               | It's right there in the name: _public_ service. Yeah, it
               | benefits cloudflare, but it _also_ benefits nearly
               | everyone else. Some people just want to improve the
               | world, even if they 're not fairly compensated for it.
               | Some people see living in a world with one less patent
               | troll as compensation enough.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | The alternative is that Cloudflare pays a patent search
               | firm to get the same result, albeit at a higher cost to
               | Cloudflare. That would benefit everyone else too as the
               | prior art would be on legal record. Why can't Cloudflare
               | do a "public service" by paying a patent search firm like
               | most other companies would?
        
               | dev_tty01 wrote:
               | >Why can't Cloudflare do a "public service" by paying a
               | patent search firm like most other companies would?
               | 
               | I'm sure they did that too, like any other major company
               | sued by a troll. This isn't an either/or situation.
               | 
               | Jengo draws from many, many people across the industry.
               | They can surface all sorts of prior art, not just earlier
               | patents, and they know where to look due to their
               | experience.
               | 
               | As I said, every large company that gets sued by trolls
               | pays patent search firms to find prior art. I can't
               | imagine that Cloudflare didn't do the same. Why wouldn't
               | they, there is a lot of money at stake? They added to
               | that through the search program because the yield from
               | patent search firms is often poor.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | Why should a company that is doing a public service for
               | the rest of us, at their own expense, pay more than it
               | needs to to do that service?
               | 
               | If Cloudflare was to behave rationally, it would simply
               | pay the troll to go away. Trolls are very good at making
               | that the logical choice, which is why virtually everyone
               | else just pays up. Cloudflare fights because the act of
               | taking a stand fits with their values.
               | 
               | You're clearly not civic minded enough to appreciate why
               | Cloudflare does what it does. And so you don't understand
               | why other people, who share Cloudflare's values, would be
               | motivated to help them accomplish their good deeds.
        
               | mcherm wrote:
               | If the patent trolls were only harming CloudFlare then I
               | would not be so concerned. But it is my impression that
               | they mostly try to go after very small, independent
               | companies because those can be guaranteed to not have
               | enough funds to fight in court, so they will either pay
               | up or go out of business.
               | 
               | I consider it a public service to try and drive these
               | patent trolls out of business because the harm they do is
               | done to the the entire industry, especially the most
               | vulnerable companies in that industry.
               | 
               | Of course, I would much prefer to change the law so that
               | patent trolling was not allowed or was not profitable.
        
               | btrettel wrote:
               | For what it's worth, and I know this won't be popular
               | here, the entire patent troll narrative is overblown.
               | Patent trolls are not as big a problem as big tech
               | companies want you to believe. See what people working in
               | patent law actually think, for instance, I found this
               | blog post in a minute or so:
               | 
               | https://ipwatchdog.com/2017/06/22/myths-patent-trolls-
               | preven...
               | 
               | I think it's good that Cloudflare didn't pay this
               | particular troll, but even if they had, it's not that big
               | a deal.
               | 
               | And the best way to stop patent trolls would be to
               | prevent bad patents from being granted in the first place
               | by giving examiners more time. The USPTO is funded solely
               | by fees, not taxes, creating a perverse incentive to
               | grant invalid patents. Fix that, increase patent fees,
               | and give examiners more time.
        
               | joshuamorton wrote:
               | > For what it's worth, and I know this won't be popular
               | here, the entire patent troll narrative is overblown.
               | Patent trolls are not as big a problem as big tech
               | companies want you to believe. See what people working in
               | patent law actually think, for instance, I found this
               | blog post in a minute or so:
               | 
               | Nothing in the article you cited says patent trolls _aren
               | 't_ a problem. It claims (without really supporting it)
               | that modern patent trolling is the fault of the
               | technology industry, which I can almost believe, but "the
               | technology industry" is large, and non-practicing
               | entities which are commonly identified as "trolls" are
               | very different than entities that actually do R&D.
        
             | stavros wrote:
             | As someone who didn't participate (because I didn't have
             | any prior art), I'd donate a few hours of my time (a few
             | thousand dollars' value) to fight patent trolls.
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | I always thought of it as a way to get input from people
             | who can see the patent application and say "hey that's just
             | the same as X" off the top of their head.
        
             | neutronicus wrote:
             | > Personally, I value my own time well above my job's
             | hourly rate
             | 
             | I think it would be pretty tough for me to sell my marginal
             | hours for more than my hourly rate.
             | 
             | I'm sure if I shopped around aggressively I could find a
             | richer buyer for the 40-hour bundles I'm currently selling,
             | but people aren't really beating down the door for a couple
             | hours of C++ dev time here and there. Especially once you
             | factor in time spent on lead generation, negotiation,
             | dealing with collecting payment, etc, I think the market
             | value of my free time is probably way less than my hourly
             | rate.
        
               | trogdor wrote:
               | > I think the market value of my free time is probably
               | way less than my hourly rate.
               | 
               | GP's comment was about how _they_ value their own free
               | time, not the market value of that time.
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | > Paying more will get more and better submissions, and it
             | doesn't seem to be particularly expensive to me.
             | 
             | They might get more, but will they get better? The most
             | passionate people I know are pretty insensitive to pay
             | rate. Whereas the people I know who are most sensitive to
             | $/hour tend to be more skilled at the business of the thing
             | rather than the thing itself.
        
             | sim7c00 wrote:
             | bug bounty programs always get you less money than what you
             | could earn optimising for money... look how much bugs go
             | for on bounty programs vs. selling them to companies who
             | want the bugs for other purposes. (not talking illegal
             | here, though maybe shady/gray area, kinda like patent
             | trolls?). generally, working at a company as a fulltime dev
             | will also net you more than working on bug bounties. sure
             | there's big bounty payouts, but its really rare for someone
             | to consistently get such payouts. a lot of bugs filed to
             | bounties are also found just working with thinga daily and
             | stumbling upon them rather than specifically looking for
             | them. I know a few old colleagues who worked on drivers for
             | a security tool hit a lot of Microsoft kernel bugs. they
             | got nice paydays and went up the list/hall of fame of prime
             | bug finders not because of the bounty program but merely
             | because their dayjob yielded them results to submit... i
             | think this cloudflare program is in similar vein. people
             | who already know or stumble upon prior art can submit it
             | easily, and get a few bucks for it.... its imho not meant
             | for people to scower all patents searching for it in their
             | free time... though some might do that. (god what a tedious
             | thing to do... "in one embodiment..." all day long :D)
        
             | lolinder wrote:
             | You're clearly not the target audience for this program,
             | which is fine, but that's not in itself a problem with what
             | they did.
             | 
             | Cloudflare found a model that successfully distributed the
             | cost of killing a patent troll between many passionate
             | volunteers who were in it for the pleasure of taking down a
             | troll. They succeeded, and in the process put other patent
             | trolls on notice that our collective hatred for them is
             | enough to raise an army of volunteers that's cheap to
             | motivate and extremely effective. The low budget _is part
             | of the success story here_!
             | 
             | A patent troll's whole game is for it to be more expensive
             | to fight back than to cave, and you're complaining that
             | Cloudflare managed to flip the economics.
        
             | nashashmi wrote:
             | [delayed]
        
         | pg_bot wrote:
         | It seems like it worked out quite well for Cloudflare. You
         | typically only increase bounties if you aren't seeing the
         | results you want.
        
         | dsjoerg wrote:
         | There is an aspect of collective contribution to a collective
         | good here. Patent trolls impose costs on everyone, not just
         | Cloudflare. Making life difficult, expensive and unprofitable
         | for patent trolls benefits everyone, not just Cloudflare. I
         | expect that many of these people didn't see themselves as
         | helping Cloudflare, but the community of everyone who might be
         | targeted by patent trolls.
        
       | red_admiral wrote:
       | Someone messed with the wrong guy.
       | 
       | If you don't mind the language, the first minute of
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rLLt9bnRdlE comes to mind for how
       | to deal with incompetent trolls. Comedy gold.
        
       | abetancort wrote:
       | Hum... Doesn't clouldfare have patents of their own? Don't they
       | enforce them? Did they turn them to the public domain? You have
       | to love hypocrites.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | I don't know, do they?
         | 
         | There's an important difference between patenting something
         | that you've invented and built, and a patent troll which has
         | done neither.
        
           | abetancort wrote:
           | The patent troll buys patents from inventors and then spend
           | money enforcing it. Not much different from Cloudfare paying
           | salaries to the inventors to become the patent holders and
           | then enforcing it against third-parties.
           | 
           | Tech patents exist because companies like Clouldflare want to
           | because they make money with them (suing people). If
           | companies like Cloudfare did want all tech patents to be
           | gone, they would be gone and no patent troll would be able to
           | do anything about.
           | 
           | And they try lure you with $5.000 to do the work to get them
           | off the hook? They are cheap and bunch hypocrites.
        
             | sophacles wrote:
             | Do you have any evidence of Cloudflare suing people for
             | violating their patents. Seems like you'd be able to back
             | up this claim since it's a core component of your argument.
             | 
             | Also, your reasoning seems to leave out a world of
             | possibilities for why someone would hold a patent - its
             | worth looking up the thinking around defensive patent
             | portfolios.
             | 
             | These exist for a few reasons.... patents might be
             | strategically filed to:
             | 
             | * have prior art on the record to keep a market open...
             | e.g. preventing a competitor from monopolizing a space.
             | 
             | * have patents available for counter-suit against
             | competitors suing over patent violation of some bit of tech
             | that uses both.
             | 
             | * impress investors
             | 
             | * provide recognition to employees. At least in the US
             | patents are filed by individuals, and the rights of the
             | patent are then assigned to the company. Granted patents
             | usually come with bonuses, as well as a nice resume padding
             | that helps the engineers involved get higher salaries in
             | the future.
        
         | sophacles wrote:
         | > Doesn't clouldfare have patents of their own?
         | 
         | Looks like it. Not all patents are the same - sometimes a
         | patent is erroneously granted for something that is not a novel
         | invention. The judge and jury ruled that the patents involved
         | in this case were in that category... and therefore invalid
         | patents.
         | 
         | There is no hypocrisy in holding patents (presumably ones you
         | believe are valid) while pointing out that some other patents
         | are invalid. I don't understand how this could equate to
         | hypocrisy in any scenario short of the patent holder declaring
         | all patents except theirs must be invalid on the principle that
         | all patents are bad.
         | 
         | > Don't they enforce them?
         | 
         | Feel free to prove me wrong, but I've never seen anything about
         | Cloudflare going after people for patent violations. I believe
         | they subscribe to the modern tech patent strategy of having a
         | big patent portfolio that only really gets used as part of a
         | counter-suit if someone sues them for patent infringement.
         | 
         | Additionally, I presume Cloudflare's patents are related to the
         | tech they develop and sell, which is categorically and
         | qualitatively different than a law firm that does literally
         | nothing of value buying up old patents and suing everyone who
         | has ever used a word that also is present in the patent.
         | 
         | Given that the usage, purpose, and means of obtaining a patent
         | are different between cloudflare and the troll - I don't
         | understand how a hypocrisy claim can be leveled here... it
         | defies all reason and logic to do so.
        
       | bithavoc wrote:
       | Thank you Cloudflare (there, I said it for you)
        
       | dangoodmanUT wrote:
       | patent trolls have a special place in hell, next to the boiler
       | room
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Good on ya!
       | 
       |  _> the Western District of Texas against patent trolls_
       | 
       | That means they had _really_ good lawyers.
       | 
       | I had a friend that lived in that area, many moons ago.
       | 
       | He showed me a few of their local newspapers. They were _filled_
       | with stories about  "plucky innovators," fighting against
       | "corporate vested interests."
       | 
       | It seems they have a fairly well-prepped jury pool, thereabouts.
        
       | bilater wrote:
       | Good news! There should be a rule that you have to use a patent
       | in X years (much less than the lifetime) so its harder to do this
       | behavior of hoarding a patent.
        
         | pclmulqdq wrote:
         | There is a rule that you have to build the thing that you
         | patent. Most of the time this sort of trolling happens, a
         | company that built the thing went bankrupt, possibly due to the
         | infringement (but not in this case).
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | > Sable agreed to pay Cloudflare $225,000, ... and to dedicate
       | its patents to the public, ensuring that Sable can never again
       | assert them against another company.
       | 
       | Makes me wonder if Cloudflare could have sued to "life the
       | corporate veil" and go after the people who owned / operated the
       | company. (IE, sue them so they loose their homes.)
       | 
       | Also makes me wonder if this is in the playbook the next time a
       | patent troll comes sniffing around.
       | 
       | Somewhat related: In MA, to fight NIMBY-ism, we passed a law that
       | people suing new housing developments can be forced to put up a
       | deposit, without requiring proof that the case has merit. I
       | wonder if a similar law could help with patent trolls: IE, making
       | it easier that the plantiff put up a deposit when suing for
       | violating their patent.
        
       | ryukoposting wrote:
       | The excerpts from the Borchers testimony are a riot.
       | 
       | > The responsible business people in this business actually sit
       | down and talk to folks before they sue them, fair?
       | 
       | > Fair.
       | 
       | > And you don't do that, do you, sir?
       | 
       | > No.
       | 
       | I'm not a fan of Cloudflare in general. I think "Browser
       | Integrity Check" is banal malware, the McAfee of the Web 2.0 era.
       | But this? I _love_ this. Settling with a patent troll out of
       | court is cowardly.
        
       | eob wrote:
       | A Project Jengo grant for using Agents/LLMs to identify prior art
       | could be a fantastic experiment..
        
       | breck wrote:
       | Thank you cloudflare! Fighting patents is god's^god work.
       | 
       | Patents are poison. Patenting your invention is like poisoning
       | your children. Never do it.
       | 
       | We need to abolish these things.
       | 
       | They were a great way to build a centralized public library of
       | all new inventions in the early days of the Union at no cost to
       | the government, but now are purely a drag on innovation and
       | society and create horrible incentives that lead to things like
       | the Opioid crisis.
       | 
       | ^god feel free to find/replace this with nature/universe/humanity
       | etc.
        
       | hermitcrab wrote:
       | Kudos to Cloudflare. Patent trolls are parasites. The sooner they
       | are all put out of business, the better.
        
       | silexia wrote:
       | Please please please banish the patent system already. It is
       | solely used by corrupt lawyers to persecute and rob successful
       | entrepreneurs.
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | This is a very bad take.
         | 
         | Patents most important goal is to protect entrepreneurs and the
         | resources they spend in R&D and to promote entrepreneurship and
         | innovation.
         | 
         | Imagine spending millions on developing, say, a new method to
         | produce something at 1/10th a cost.
         | 
         | Now imagine a world without patents, where competitors can just
         | copy your process.
         | 
         | Who's gonna invest and innovate?
         | 
         | Apply that to everything from batteries to telecom from
         | anything healthcare to car engines, etc.
         | 
         | Without patents we would not have the same technological
         | evolution.
        
       | throwaway48476 wrote:
       | We seriously need patent reform. I propose all patents should
       | require a prototype to be demonstrated that embodies all claims
       | in the patent.
        
         | gleenn wrote:
         | While noble, the immediate strategy with that is that
         | prototypes can be overwhelming expensive in time and money to
         | produce. Patents are supposed to protect inventors, but if
         | that's the bar then right out the gate you are favoring the
         | corporate behemoths who have the resources and can then just
         | snatch the idea and weasle out the not-so-resource laden
         | inventor. This is the type of thing where there seems like
         | there should be easy solutions to the problems but a little
         | nuance reveals that these things are very lucrative and some
         | level of corporate apparatus will find a way to abuse the
         | system and reap potentially hefty winning at the expense of the
         | actual people coming up with stuff.
        
           | baby_souffle wrote:
           | Would a better approach be to limit the amount of damages
           | that can be claimed to some multiple of whatever the patent
           | generates in revenue?
           | 
           | A patent that's only sitting in a war chest and not being
           | used to actually enrich the owner would be able to claim
           | damages of zero if somebody else was found to be infringing
        
           | throwaway48476 wrote:
           | No, inventions that are never produced have no value and do
           | not need protection. For most things prototypes are cheap and
           | production is expensive. The patent system already gives you
           | a provisional year if you're not quite ready but want to
           | stake a claim.
        
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