[HN Gopher] ESO telescope captures the most detailed infrared ma...
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       ESO telescope captures the most detailed infrared map of the Milky
       Way
        
       Author : belter
       Score  : 228 points
       Date   : 2024-10-01 10:57 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.eso.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.eso.org)
        
       | bestest wrote:
       | an amazing 3d map implementation of the taken images here:
       | https://archive.eso.org/scienceportal/home
        
         | tpierce89 wrote:
         | I have no idea what I'm looking at, but it is neat.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | it's putting you in space from the vantage point of earth
           | with the sun conveniently moved out of the way to not be
           | blinded by it.
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | Uber will one day use this to plot my ride to planet Kepler
         | 23420 1a
        
           | BobaFloutist wrote:
           | Spring for the UberX, fellow passengers can get pretty
           | annoying over the decades.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | this is very impressive. what is the term for lining up
         | multiple images at different "zoom" levels like this? is it any
         | way similar to google earth/space.
        
           | skaushik92 wrote:
           | Pyramid tiling is the general technique used by Google Maps
           | and similar systems to track images as different zoom levels;
           | also similar techniques are used for progressive rendering
           | for example in JPEG 2000.
        
       | falcor84 wrote:
       | Is it detailed enough for a realistic space flight sim?
        
         | mcejp wrote:
         | Wouldn't you need a fully 3D map for that?
        
           | falcor84 wrote:
           | So I suppose that's part of my question - do we have enough
           | data about the distances of all these celestial bodies from
           | us?
        
       | leonheld wrote:
       | Very cool! A lot of my professors in the credits. Roberto Saito
       | was the one who taught me Maxwell's Laws :-)
        
       | noisy_boy wrote:
       | Am I the only one who feels mind boggling amazement followed by a
       | sense of depression that we are too short-lived, too primitive
       | and too weak to be able to visit and explore these distant
       | galaxies?
       | 
       | It is like we are given a glimpse of this insane and terrifyingly
       | beautiful expanse with the knowledge that that's all it will ever
       | amount to. Like a child looking through the glass window at the
       | limitless world outside without any hopes of reaching it while
       | knowing that she will never be able to get out of the house.
        
         | rafaelmn wrote:
         | What exactly do you hope to find ? It's not like we're living
         | in a Star Trek universe where every solar system has a warp
         | civilization.
        
         | afh1 wrote:
         | Unlike a grassy field in a sunny Earth day, space is cold,
         | dark, deprived of oxygen and bombarded by radiation, and the
         | few rocks that exist in the vast void of nothingness are pretty
         | much just lifeless rocks. So yeah, enjoy our house, it's pretty
         | neat here. It would be cool to explore this dark desert, but
         | it's not hard to find happiness inside if you try.
        
         | mway wrote:
         | Mortality can be a tough thing to accept. But, if it helps,
         | just know that it is always a spectrum - it is never binary -
         | in that everything has an end (as far as we, and our
         | physical/cosmological models, can understand).
         | 
         | We've got it better than pretty much every other type of animal
         | life on earth (with a few exceptions) - insects or our pets,
         | for example - so while we might not have "cosmological
         | endurance", let's call it, we've still got it pretty good. :)
         | 
         | Agreed that it's a shame we can't explore everything, though!
        
         | Out_of_Characte wrote:
         | No need for nihilism.
         | 
         | Alpha centauri is approximately 4.37 light years away. Project
         | starshot is already aiming to get there. This can take anywhere
         | from 20 to 50 years depending on the mission. We already have a
         | spacecraft from 1977 that is still operating today which proves
         | our potential to build on a 50 year timeframe. We'll likely
         | have humans somewhere in our solar system besides earth before
         | anyone attempts to go to alpha centauri but besides that I also
         | think we would be able to live much longer. Life expectancy
         | increases are around 1% or 0.8% per decade at its current pace.
         | There's no guarantee this continues but even so, if that's the
         | average in the coming decades then we'll expect people to live
         | hundreds of years by the time we can send a ship to alpha
         | centauri.
        
           | vlovich123 wrote:
           | So at 50 years, that requires traveling an average of 10% the
           | speed of light. That's 150x times faster than the peak speed
           | ever built which got a significant amount of speed from
           | gravitational assists. That's a massive leap to assume we'll
           | have craft traveling that fast anytime soon considering the
           | considerable fuel costs involved not to mention relativistic
           | problems that going that fast requires (shielding against
           | interplanetary dust, energy requirements growing
           | exponentially etc).
           | 
           | And on top of everything, stopping is a huge question when
           | you're going that fast so how are you achieving that? Is that
           | fuel you had to accelerate as well? And remember - that's
           | 150x average speed faster than peak so your actual peak to
           | achieve a speed up followed by a slowdown would need to be
           | even faster.
           | 
           | As for voyager, that craft is barely operational in some
           | sense. At 10% and at significantly further distances than
           | ever achieved it would be even harder to keep it operational
           | I think.
           | 
           | Let's be optimistic but let's live in reality and not
           | unrealistic sci-fi.
        
             | gizmo686 wrote:
             | Project star shot is still very much s research project at
             | this point, but it seems serious.
             | 
             | The idea is to not use self powered rockets, but launch a
             | thousand small solar sail based probes. These would
             | launched into orbit traditionally, then accelerated
             | individually from a massive earth based laser array,
             | solving the rocket equation problem while introducing a
             | host of its own.
             | 
             | Many probes will not make the trip, but the hope is enough
             | would survive to do a fly by.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | A fly by at relativistic speeds would be an
               | accomplishment but what data are you realistically
               | capturing?
               | 
               | And Wikipedia captures my critique of it accurately:
               | 
               | > According to The Economist, at least a dozen off-the-
               | shelf technologies will need to improve by orders of
               | magnitude
               | 
               | That's about right. That kind of orders of magnitude
               | improvement within a lifetime requires novel scientific
               | theories (eg similar to quantum mechanics and the impact
               | it had). Without that growth is drastically slower. And
               | consider that even computational and communication
               | capabilities have basically been maxed out at our current
               | tech level - we're no longer growing them exponentially
               | due to thermal and physics constraints.
               | 
               | It's an ambitious goal worth doing because of the "if you
               | aim for the moon and miss you still hit the stars" kind
               | of effect. And there's plenty of directed research that
               | needs to be funded. Thinking any of this happens in our
               | lifetimes is ambitious and spaceships carrying humans
               | going to the stars is fantasy*
               | 
               | * as always, completely new physics that upend our
               | knowledge of what's possible changes the calculus. But
               | those come very rarely and there's no reason to believe
               | the next revolution will be as impactful as quantum
               | mechanics in terms of impact on our technological
               | capabilities.
        
             | Out_of_Characte wrote:
             | Its not unrealistic sci-fi. We have particle accelerators
             | that operate at much, much higher energies. The kind of
             | energy that would succesfully leave earth and our sun
             | behind if these particles were shot out of the LHC. That is
             | to say, you'd be right that any vessel carrying fuel
             | wouldn't reach such speeds. And while its true that even
             | the smallest sattelites today are still at least 1000grams.
             | Getting that up to relativistic speeds would require on the
             | order of 2 billion MJ of energy. Or the equivalent of a
             | large power plant runnning for 20 days to supply all the
             | energy.
             | 
             | But that's only the start, any advancements in making
             | sattelites on a chip could massively reduce the weight and
             | therefore power requirements. Even with all losses
             | accounted for. I believe this could be doable in the next
             | 50 years. You just need to build the most powerful laser
             | anyone has every built and power it for as long as you can.
        
               | vlovich123 wrote:
               | You've shifted and redefined the goalposts and even then
               | requires orders of magnitude advancement in multiple
               | areas (power generation, lasers, satellite shrinkage etc)
               | and doing it all in space. Thinking any of this happens
               | in a lifetime of anyone alive today seems unrealistically
               | optimistic. And all of this ignores something critical OP
               | said:
               | 
               | > we'll expect people to live hundreds of years by the
               | time we can send a ship to alpha centauri.
               | 
               | Even hundreds of years is not a realistic life expectancy
               | to reach the nearest star and requires not just an
               | enormous overabundance of energy, the fuel source has to
               | be available at the midway point so that you can
               | decelerate. Humans at another star without discovery of
               | faster than light travel mechanisms (mainly wormholes)
               | seems purely in the realm of science fiction.
        
             | ridgeguy wrote:
             | Worse yet (for an equivalent vehicle mass), that's 22,500x
             | (150^2) the energy needed.
        
             | woopsn wrote:
             | Optimistic reality means spreading cellular life, not the
             | great ape in particular. People by and large are
             | uninterested in this, they feel it is pointless if not
             | somehow immoral. Our "weakness" is not in the flesh but our
             | attachment to it, specifically, these would-be galaxy
             | childs' _personal_ flesh. The 20-50 year mission duration
             | is not a cure for the nihilism but another expression of
             | it.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | Also in 1.3 Million years this star will pass 1/6 Light year
           | from earth:
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliese_710
        
             | ljf wrote:
             | Quote: Gliese 710 has the potential to perturb the Oort
             | cloud in the outer Solar System, exerting enough force to
             | send showers of comets into the inner Solar System for
             | millions of years, triggering visibility of about ten
             | naked-eye comets per year, and possibly causing an impact
             | event.
             | 
             | Wild stuff!
        
           | zesterer wrote:
           | Ah, that explains why 5,000 years ago the average life
           | expectancy was just over 6 months.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Project starshot_
           | 
           | Is it a live project? Their news section is dishearteningly
           | quiet [1]. They still talk about 2018 in the present tense
           | [2].
           | 
           | [1] https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/news
           | 
           | [2] https://breakthroughinitiatives.org/solicitations/3
        
           | BobaFloutist wrote:
           | Honestly I don't think there's that big of a material
           | difference in difficulty between being able to (consistently)
           | live to 150 and being able to live indefinitely (barring
           | catastrophic accidents and intractable diseases).
           | 
           | I feel like we're bumping up against the edges of the
           | lifespan that we can reasonably achieve without figuring out
           | how to actually stop or reverse aging.
           | 
           |  _Possibly_ there 's a world where we figure out how to
           | dramatically slow it without stopping it, because there's
           | some entropic principle regarding our ability to reliably
           | lengthen telomeres where we can't replace lost data but we
           | can reduce the rate of loss, but my money's that we don't
           | break 150 until we actually _solve_ aging on a fundamental
           | level.
        
         | dotnet00 wrote:
         | You can always redirect your depression into constructive
         | optimism by working to help ensure that eventually, our
         | descendants might have a chance to be able to do so.
        
         | chankstein38 wrote:
         | Nope, I feel the same sense of depression about space. I love
         | it but I absolutely feel that. We see these beautiful things
         | and will likely never, as a species or as individuals, even get
         | NEAR seeing them in person.
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | Unless you believe in fairy tales and santa claus, mankind will
         | never reach them. Sure, we will settle surrounding few hundred
         | light years, maybe a thousand in next million years, if we as
         | mankind are _extremely_ lucky, I talk range somewhere 1:1000 to
         | 1:million. Other chance is show or quick death.
         | 
         | Beyond that, no real settling, just some probes that will take
         | tens of millenia to come back (or send signal back).
         | 
         | Think about all the stuff and beauty we have now, to experience
         | and explore it on our pale blue dot, trivially reachable
         | considering our recent past, and all that will be almost
         | inevitably lost to future generations. Compared to what we have
         | here, stuff in cold hard vacuum or some illusions of beauty
         | pale in comparison (and that comes from a guy who loves
         | astronomy). You can experience it _now_ , in its original form
         | and not some crappy re-creation of good ol' days. Trust me,
         | future generations will be wishing for many reasons to be able
         | to live now (at least those healthy).
         | 
         | I don't believe we will find some magic above-c transport in
         | Star trek style. Sure, its a nice fantasy and we would _love_
         | for it being true, but thats not how reality works. Same as
         | some beardy old dude in the clouds fantasy, having for some
         | reason very strict bronze-age morals yet letting billions
         | innocents suffer immeasurably without a care in the
         | world(universe). But of course there is magical wonderland
         | after its over here, pure magic in D &D style with alternate
         | realities/planes/universes or whatever those folks who wrote it
         | up thought made sense back then.
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | Have you gone to a National Park?
         | 
         | (assuming you live in the US)
         | 
         | You can get similar amazement here on earth, normally within
         | 1-day drive of where most people live, by just visiting a
         | National Park.
         | 
         | We take for granted the beauty of Earth, and so much is still
         | undiscovered here at home.
        
         | m3kw9 wrote:
         | You haven't even finish exploring your own planets in solar
         | system
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | If you do feel that way, beware that it's a rhetorical trick.
         | More:
         | 
         | https://meaningness.com/no-cosmic-meaning
        
       | throw0101d wrote:
       | > _The team is composed of_ [...]
       | 
       | A lot of people. Looks like a movie credits roll.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | still hoping for space .ycombinator .com (and/or spacetime.)
       | 
       | someday
       | 
       | the search engine unfortunately does not appear to properly
       | support multiple keywords with AND/OR logic
        
       | molticrystal wrote:
       | >"We made so many discoveries, we have changed the view of our
       | Galaxy forever"
       | 
       | >The VVV and VVVX surveys have already led to more than 300
       | scientific articles.
       | 
       | While they do say what objects the survey included, the article
       | seems to lack many examples of discoveries.
       | 
       | For those following this what do you consider the greatest
       | discoveries and highlights?
        
         | jwuphysics wrote:
         | You can get a nice sample of papers using VVV data using the
         | Astrophysics Database System [0]. I mostly study other
         | galaxies, which usually aren't variable on human lifespan-like
         | timescales. Stars can vary on these shorter timescales, and VVV
         | has compiled a huge list of those objects.
         | 
         | At a quick glance, I'd say some interesting results include: *
         | New star clusters discovered in our Galaxy [1] * Galactic maps
         | of dust reddening and stellar metallicity (enriched elemental
         | abundances in stellar photospheres) [2] * Galactic maps of
         | stellar ages throughout the disk plane [3] * Cataloguing other
         | galaxies behind the plane of our own Galaxy [4]
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/fq=%7B!type%3Daqp%20v%3...
         | [1]
         | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A%26A...532A.131B/abs...
         | [2]
         | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2011A%26A...534A...3G/abs...
         | [3]
         | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2019A%26A...623A.168S/abs...
         | [4]
         | https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/#abs/2012AJ....144..127A/abstr...
        
       | aziaziazi wrote:
       | > This gigantic dataset covers an area of the sky equivalent to
       | 8600 full moons
       | 
       | What proportion of the celestial vault or sphere is that? Napkin
       | calcul appreciated :)
        
         | ljf wrote:
         | The (average) full moon occupies roughly 1/129,600 of the sky,
         | or 0.00077%
         | 
         | So this data set covers 6.6% of the night sky.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | 1 Full moon is about 0.5 degree if that helps
        
       | tominspace7 wrote:
       | Part of this dataset (VVV actually) can be explored interactively
       | here:
       | 
       | https://alasky.cds.unistra.fr/VISTA/VVV_DR4/VISTA-VVV-DR4-Co...
        
       | jcims wrote:
       | Fun fact. The estimated number of stars in the Milky Way
       | (~2e11-4e11) is within an order of magnitude of the estimated
       | number of individual particles of smoke in a cigarette (~1e12).
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | A compelling argument for the galaxy is someone's weed dream
         | theory.
        
         | konstantinua00 wrote:
         | so if every star smokes a cigarette, there will be roughly 1
         | mol (6.02e23) of said particles?
        
         | glenstein wrote:
         | I'll post my fun fact as a reply to yours, also relating to the
         | Milky Way and in some ways very much tied to this article.
         | 
         | We don't see something like 99% of the light from stars at the
         | center of our Milky Way Galaxy, because the Great Rift is in
         | the way [0]. This fact is astonishing to me and I can't believe
         | more people don't talk about it.
         | 
         | Our night sky would be substantially brighter and more
         | spectacular if not for that rift. But the infrared light gets
         | through and that light _can_ be seen by the ESO telescope. Per
         | the article:
         | 
         | >This has given us an accurate 3D view of the inner regions of
         | the Milky Way, which were previously hidden by dust.
         | 
         | 0. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Rift_(astronomy)
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | This is likely around less than 1% of the Milky Way using stars
       | mapped as a calculation
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | Some sort of 3D visualization of this dataset would be very, very
       | nice.
       | 
       | This is of course hard ... the distance (3rd number) is not one
       | that is very precise.
       | 
       | But still, I always have a hard time picturing what our galaxy
       | looks like when looking at 2D pics.
        
       | HaroonSaifi17 wrote:
       | Isn't it unrealistic, combining months of data together with
       | unseen light wavelengths(giving every wavelength different colour
       | for aesthetic). Someone need to capture earth like that.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | the data is just manipulated so that it is visible to our
         | limited sight abilities. the data is not unreal. it's not a
         | generativeAI type of product. the thing actually exists. they
         | also "listen" to them in other frequencies, and then turn that
         | data into pictures. again, it's not fake data. it's just
         | interpreting it in a way our squishy lobes can understand it
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | it's very realistic, reality isn't bound by what we can
         | perceive directly
        
       | gradientsrneat wrote:
       | If this telescope can detect planets not orbiting a star, I
       | wonder if it could improve detection of some planets orbiting
       | stars as well.
        
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