[HN Gopher] Comedy Theory (2022)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Comedy Theory (2022)
        
       Author : harryf
       Score  : 232 points
       Date   : 2024-09-27 12:35 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (rpgadventures.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (rpgadventures.io)
        
       | harryf wrote:
       | Ran into this today. From doing comedy for about 7 years now,
       | this basically correct. Although most comedians approach joke
       | writing organically rather than with this approach
        
       | ixxie wrote:
       | Almost reinvented the Benign Violation Theory:
       | https://humorresearchlab.com/benign-violation-theory/
        
       | fire_lake wrote:
       | Writing jokes was once considered an "AGI level" task - but after
       | reading this I'm not so sure!
        
       | iimaginary wrote:
       | A man swears he discovered the secret formula to satire. Turns
       | out, it's just one cup of irony and a lack of self-awareness,
       | baked at 350 for 20 minutes.
        
       | klar120 wrote:
       | This is exclusively the most primitive joke category base on
       | double meanings. The jokes listed are boring and _maybe_ suited
       | for fillers in a standup routine.
       | 
       | Due to the title I presume that this is another pro-"AI" article
       | that devalues human ingenuity. Well, enjoy the non-funny jokes.
       | I'll stick to pre-2022 material.
        
         | seanhunter wrote:
         | The jokes in the article are just there to demonstrate the
         | pattern. There are lots of more sophisticated jokes which
         | clearly follow the same pattern. For example Milton Jones'
         | classic (which won "best joke" at the edinburgh comedy festival
         | I believe)                  I come from a long line of police
         | marksmen. Apart from my grandfather, who was a bank robber.
         | But he died recently..... surrounded by his family.
         | 
         | More Milton Jones "grandfather" jokes which all clearly
         | demonstrate this pattern:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEUfbSrpsHk
        
           | badjoak wrote:
           | I came from a long line of police marksmen. They serve good
           | coffee next to the shooting range.
        
             | badjoak wrote:
             | I came from a long line of police marksmen. We just won the
             | precinct charity cancan dance competition.
        
               | lyu07282 wrote:
               | the actually funny part is where you decided to create a
               | throwaway account to make the joke
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | And that they even knew the jokes were bad since their
               | name is "badjoak".
        
           | Freak_NL wrote:
           | The ten best-voted one-liners from this year's Fringe are
           | listed here:
           | 
           | https://www.theguardian.com/stage/article/2024/aug/19/mark-s.
           | ..
           | 
           | A couple follow that pattern exactly, but some also bank on
           | taking words literally for comic effect.
           | 
           | > I love the Olympics. My friend and I invented a new type of
           | relay baton. Well, he came up with the idea, I ran with it.
           | (Mark Simmons)
        
             | mewpmewp2 wrote:
             | But these are really not that funny. Specifically because
             | you imagine that this is what you get if you bruteforce
             | those combinations. If someone comes up on the spot with
             | this and wants to share, sure it might be funny and clever,
             | but if a professional comedian does jokes likes this, it
             | seems plain and irrelevant. Just something that was
             | bruteforced together.
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | But this is not truly funny comedy. These seem quite clearly
           | made up and depend on this very specific scenario. I think
           | truly funny jokes are ones that are plausible real life
           | scenarios, that spot some sort of unexpected social
           | circumstance or a phenomena with a clever take or perspective
           | that people do not frequently consider and that many in the
           | audience can relate with. Usually you would expect it to be
           | something that actually happened or could have happened to
           | the comedy teller, and you want to imagine them actually be
           | in that situation. Or it can also be a common real life
           | scenario, but an original, yet clever insightful take on it
           | combined with the character of the teller.
        
             | seanhunter wrote:
             | Well as E.B. White put it, explaining a joke is a like
             | disecting a frog. You learn a lot but the thing dies in the
             | process. People do find Milton Jones funny - he won the
             | Perrier "Best Newcomer" Award which is a pretty big deal in
             | UK comedy.
        
         | akoboldfrying wrote:
         | Words with two meanings are just one type of shared aspect in
         | their system. The "hunting cakes" joke was an example of using
         | a shared aspect that isn't a word. (And while it didn't wow me
         | on the page, I think it's the type of joke that a talented
         | comic could make much funnier through their delivery.)
         | 
         | I agree that most of the jokes were weak, but they basically
         | have to use one-liners in order to give many quick examples,
         | and nearly all one-liners I meet are bad. That said, I
         | genuinely enjoyed the "step ladder" one.
        
       | everdrive wrote:
       | I've yet to see a theory of comedy which actually addresses that
       | there are multiple kinds of comedy:
       | 
       | - Bullying, where the joke is not particularly funny, but instead
       | relies on attacking someone's status in front of a crowd. The
       | crowd laughs in recognition of the successful attack, not because
       | the joke is clever.
       | 
       | - Epiphany humor -- the joke relies on some new thought,
       | connection, or idea, and the "joke" is the leap your mind needs
       | to make in order to comprehend the novel idea. eg. "Otis
       | Elevators: They'll never let you down!" In this case, you must
       | take the familiar phrase "let you down [emotionally]" and realize
       | the second meaning "elevators move up and down [physically]."
       | 
       | - Story-based humor, which probably needs a better name, but is
       | mostly what stand-up comedy is. Other kinds of humor can be mixed
       | in here, but often the "joke" relies on something of a straw man
       | -- setting up a character in the story where the audience can
       | readily recognize that at least one character being related is a
       | fool, and worthy to be laughed at. Often this is perspective-
       | based, and is based around relating to the characters in the
       | stand-up comedian's story. For instance, take Bill Burr's joke
       | about women: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3s1GY-yr-BM -- the
       | "joke" here is mostly whether or not you agree with Bill's
       | characterization of the situation. The joke is not universally
       | funny, but relies on the audience's perspective. If you've never
       | seen the world from the same perspective as Bill, the joke may
       | not hit the mark, or might even seem rude.
       | 
       | - Tone-of-voice humor. This is a joke where there's no real joke,
       | but the tone of voice is really doing 90% of the work. It's just
       | retelling a relatively benign event, except the tone of voice
       | exaggerates the emotions attached to the words. I don't have an
       | example ready for this one because I really dislike this "style"
       | of humor, but imagine some of the less creative or talented
       | stand-up artists.
       | 
       | - SNL humor. "What if an unusual or annoying thing happened?"
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TfE93xON8jk
       | 
       | - Social awkwardness humor / Dramatic irony. See all / most of
       | Arrested Development.
        
         | sweezyjeezy wrote:
         | I think "incongruity theory", that the article is alluding to,
         | does actually apply to most of these. You're focusing on the
         | context rather than the actual underlying mechanism driving the
         | joke. e.g. the first one "bullying, where the joke is not
         | particularly funny..." Consider that the incongruity of a
         | comedian laying into someone verbally, compared to the way
         | we're primed for them to talk in polite-society interactions,
         | may be part of the reason why this works. Similarly example two
         | - "Otis Elevators: They'll never let you down!" - there is an
         | incongruity in the usual usage of the expression 'they'll never
         | let you down' to here, that could be what makes this work as a
         | joke.
         | 
         | I agree there are examples that incongruity doesn't cover, e.g.
         | slapstick I personally believe is something a bit different,
         | but generally I do think it's a pretty compelling explanation
         | for a lot of modern comedy.
        
           | jimmaswell wrote:
           | One gift of my flavor of ADHD - the instant branching to a
           | multitude of interpretations of some series of inputs and
           | multiple degrees of related ideas - is always being primed to
           | make stupid jokes where I intentionally misinterpret or make
           | you misinterpret something obvious.
           | 
           | Like the other day my friend read "shrimp cargot" off a menu.
           | I said "They taught a shrimp how to drive??" The other friend
           | present thought it was the funniest thing ever while the
           | first friend was in pain from it, which just made it funnier.
           | We had the same 50% split relaying it to two more people
           | later.
           | 
           | (It also relies a bit on knowing the "a shrimp fried this
           | rice?" joke to be funniest but it's not required)
        
             | sweezyjeezy wrote:
             | Yeah I can relate! I've also heard Conan O'Brien say this
             | before, he thinks that a big source of his comedy is just
             | his brain outright not understanding things correctly.
        
               | patcon wrote:
               | YES. This is how I explain my brain. It doesn't
               | understand correctly, and so it gets really great at
               | exploring and making legible all the hidden dimensions
               | and edges of thought. And from there, creativity is just
               | taking those discovered dimensions and applying rote
               | transformations: inversions or attenuations or
               | extrapolations to absurd extremes ;)
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | > _" a shrimp fried this rice?"_
             | 
             | There was an italian phrase book I once ran across and have
             | never seen since: its schtick was that all of the phrases
             | were things one might find in a normal phrase book ("the
             | lobster makes a good salad"), but the accompanying
             | illustrations were of abnormal interpretations (in this
             | case, the lobster in a toque tossing a salad).
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | -puns and word-play. Or does that fall under epiphany humor?
        
         | cheschire wrote:
         | The most comprehensive theory I have seen is that laughter, and
         | therefore humor, is primarily a fear response.
         | 
         | It starts as an infant when you laugh by having your surface
         | nerves rapidly engaged through tickling. Even peakaboo is a
         | fear game due to the child's lack of object permanence.
         | 
         | When you examine all funny things through the lens of fear, it
         | becomes an interesting logic exercise to draw a connection
         | between the humor you see and how it may or may not be
         | connected to fear.
         | 
         | Consider all of your examples through that lens.
        
           | emnudge wrote:
           | This is a very interesting way of putting it.
           | 
           | The way I've explained it is "unserious surprise" which also
           | fits with this.
           | 
           | https://emnudge.dev/blog/a-grand-theory-of-humor/
        
           | nfin wrote:
           | I've had some thoughts in that direction.
           | 
           | Super interesting!
           | 
           | I thought about it for jokes, as the reaction is quick (just
           | system 1 and very maybe for more complex jokes it's system 2
           | understanding the joke and then system 1 laughing... but then
           | it might not spontenous enough to lough out loud), didn't
           | though about that for "all funny things".
           | 
           | Do you have some sources detailng this more?
        
             | cheschire wrote:
             | Oh I couldn't tell you the original source, it was well
             | over a decade ago that I first heard it. Briefly searching
             | though gave some interesting results.
             | 
             | Here's a study that identified an unintended consequence of
             | an antismoking fear campaign:
             | 
             | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5844502/
             | 
             | Here's a study that looks at this relationship from a
             | therapeutic perspective:
             | 
             | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38840335/
             | 
             | And of course dozens of blog posts exist trying to explain
             | it in a more accessible way.
        
           | josephg wrote:
           | > The most comprehensive theory I have seen is that laughter,
           | and therefore humor, is primarily a fear response.
           | 
           | I've been practicing / performing improv comedy for about 5
           | years now. Keith Johnson style, not UCB style.
           | 
           | Newbies always try to be clever, but being clever is a total
           | trap. The moments that always get the biggest laughs are when
           | you acknowledge something that was already in the room. The
           | audience had a thought - or a proto thought - "where did the
           | umbrella go?" "I thought his name was Fred?" "But why is the
           | duck talking?". When you acknowledge it on stage, with
           | lightness and connection, you get mad laughter.
           | 
           | I think you're right about the fear thing. I think doing this
           | acknowledges some deep fear of being alone, or stupid, or
           | something. As a performer, when we make you whole, and do it
           | in a way that feels easy and comfortable, I think, just for a
           | moment, it makes that fear go away. And that's what the
           | audience is responding to when they laugh. There's an old
           | line from clowning: "When the performer breathes, the
           | audience breathes." I think it's deeper than that. When the
           | performer demonstrates being deeply ok with themselves, the
           | audience believes it might be possible for them too.
        
           | theultdev wrote:
           | It's common knowledge (or used to be) that humor is a healthy
           | coping mechanism for fear and dark/uncomfortable situations.
           | 
           | In other words; comical relief.
        
         | yungporko wrote:
         | to be fair, i've seen plenty of examples of the "bullying" one
         | be genuinely hilarious too.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | For sure! Nothing _prevents_ a bully from being funny, it's
           | just that often this is not the point. And most people do not
           | strictly try to stay in any of the lanes I've defined -- they
           | combine and interweave the different styles. I think the
           | purest example of "bullying humor" might come from kids in
           | the 90s. You're minding your own business, really not doing
           | anything out of the ordinary, and some other kid yells in
           | from of a group "Look how gay he is!" The group laughs, but
           | there's no "joke," and the insult has been wholly invented
           | out of thin air; there's no epiphany for the mind to connect
           | because the insult isn't actually based on anything. That
           | same scenario could easily play out with an actual clever
           | joke attached. It just often is not the case, and the
           | laughter does not depend on the the joke existing, but is
           | related to the attack on status.
        
           | duderific wrote:
           | In a formal setting, I think this is called a "roast", when a
           | famous person is the target of the bullying.
        
         | patcon wrote:
         | Really love your thoughts here. Very thought-provoking to
         | someone like myself who has spent quite a bit of time thinking
         | about and researching the evolutionary origins of laughter and
         | its relation to surprise/play
         | 
         | To respond to just one part:
         | 
         | > Bullying, where the joke is not particularly funny, but
         | instead relies on attacking someone's status in front of a
         | crowd. The crowd laughs in recognition of the successful
         | attack, not because the joke is clever
         | 
         | I think you might have it inverted. The crowd doesn't laugh bc
         | it's a successful attack. It's a successful attack bc they
         | laugh.
         | 
         | The audience is largely voting with their choice of where they
         | deploy their "social" laugh. Laughter used to be an involuntary
         | hardwired animal sound (like a "moo"), that signaled a space of
         | learning and safety, to explore and play. It attracted other
         | primates to join on that merit. but along the way it became
         | rewired into the software level of social context. Humans
         | started deploying laughter to shape their social context: to
         | flatter, to flirt, to charm, and yes, to hurt. This is why we
         | laugh more and differently around other humans. (Some of this
         | was discovered via dissecting muscles around the eyes, that
         | activate most readily in more "true" involuntary Duchenne
         | laughter, but not the contrived social laughter.)
         | 
         | So the laughing audience is complicit in the bullying. They are
         | creating the weapon, and the attack. If it's actually funny, it
         | just takes less work to get the audience on your side. That's
         | the performance of bullying -- whether you can carry either a
         | willing or unwilling audience along for the weaponising of the
         | laughter.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | That's a great distinction, and I definitely think it's the
           | better characterization. Similarly, the class clown will
           | often fare _worse_ from the teacher if the joke doesn't land.
           | The whole class laughing really turns the tide against the
           | teacher. (although sometimes that just yields a more
           | aggressive response)
        
         | lyu07282 wrote:
         | Where does something like this fall into (story-based?):
         | 
         | > I don't stop eating when I'm full. The meal isn't over when
         | I'm full. It's over when I hate myself. (Louis C.K.)
         | 
         | I think the best jokes of the greatest comedians that ever
         | lived were jokes that don't even work when you write them down,
         | its all in the greater context, delivery and timing. One of my
         | favorite types of jokes are references to earlier parts of a
         | show, it feels like more work for the setup intensifies the
         | punch line.
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | Yes, I think that's what I was intending with regard to the
           | story-based jokes. This joke probably lands best if you can
           | relate to Louis C.K., and in this scenario, Louis is the
           | (self-effacing, charming, relatable) fool. He's the target of
           | his own joke, but he's sharing a common and relatable story,
           | and delivering it well. He could have easily told the same
           | joke, but with another person as the target. The example I
           | gave uses another person as the target, but some of the best
           | comics makes themselves the target, which often plays better
           | with the audience. I guess I think there are at least two
           | notable points here:
           | 
           | - In this case, Louis' delivery is part of what makes it
           | clear that this is a joke. I guess I might say it's an
           | intermixture of tonal and story-telling delivery. It would be
           | possibly to tell the same story, but it would only be
           | depressing and not funny. Part of the delivery is how the
           | humor is conveyed. ie, "I don't really hate myself, I'm being
           | hyperbolic for the sake of humor."
           | 
           | - Separately, I think his joke would be much less relatable
           | if he didn't make himself the target of the joke. He's
           | volunteering himself as the target of the humor, and so not
           | punching down at anyone. It's much harder to be offended when
           | the speaker volunteers the topic and the target.
        
         | laurentlassalle wrote:
         | How would you call jokes that only work due to laugh tracks
         | (sitcoms)? Bandwagon humor?
        
           | everdrive wrote:
           | I might bucket them in with the bulling humor, since that
           | seems to be very bandwagon-y. I would definitely also say
           | that I've arranged (what I believe to be) useful
           | descriptions, but they're by no means hard scientific fact,
           | nor the only types of humor possible. I actually forgot one
           | of my favorite styles of humor: slapstick!
        
         | isotropy wrote:
         | Tone-of-voice example (not mine): "It. Just. Works." vs "It
         | juuuuust works."
        
         | TheBruceHimself wrote:
         | I agree but i'd go even fruther and say the categories of
         | comedy seem so damned plentify that almost any theory, or even
         | set of theories, fails to capture all cases. Some people say
         | it's about a twist in what one would expect, but in which case
         | why is something happening repeatedly sometimes more funny,
         | even when it begins to annoy you? And why is the buildup to an
         | obvious punchline somehow funny (say a character you just know
         | will fall off a ladder but waiting for it somehow is funny in
         | and of itself). If it's about making witty connections then why
         | is it genuinely just funny if someone shits themselves in a
         | serious moment or just has a weird accent. Why are impressions
         | funny? I laugh because part of me is saying "oh yeah, George
         | Bush does squint his eyes like that a lot". it's funny to
         | see... but why? Then you have anti-comedy: why is being unfunny
         | funny? People say comedy comes from others pain: like cringe
         | comedy or slapstick but there's times where someone really
         | enjoying something obsessively is funny.
         | 
         | Also, if there are any universal theory then how come my
         | grandad just doesn't understand why comedy i like is funny and
         | vice-versa? It's not that i don't get "his comedy". It's just I
         | find it hard to believe anyone would ever really laugh at it
         | like mine. Then there's jokes from acient times that you
         | wouldn't even think of as jokes now, but we know people
         | laughted. If there is a universal theory of comedy i suspect it
         | would be flexible to the point of being usless as it'd covers
         | almost all human activity.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | Agreed! I remember Jerry Louis (really!) playing a waiter
           | just walking across an empty ballroom floor, a fifteen-twenty
           | second take, and it was funnier the longer it lasted! He just
           | did that on the spot, knew he could draw it out, knew how a
           | walk could communicate everything about his mood, his
           | attitude, what he thought of the person he was walking away
           | from. Still don't understand how he did it.
        
         | boogieknite wrote:
         | > Tone-of-voice humor. This is a joke where there's no real
         | joke, but the tone of voice is really doing 90% of the work.
         | It's just retelling a relatively benign event, except the tone
         | of voice exaggerates the emotions attached to the words. I
         | don't have an example ready for this one because I really
         | dislike this "style" of humor, but imagine some of the less
         | creative or talented stand-up artists.
         | 
         | Glad you mentioned this. Watched stand up specials in groups
         | where the set up for a story joke used mostly tone-of-voice and
         | my friends laughed and I wondered why they found it funny.
         | Maybe the anticipation of a joke combined with the tone-of-
         | voice make people laugh? I struggle to get it.
         | 
         | An exception that comes to mind is SNL's REALLY segment. Pohler
         | and Meyers beat the joke so deep into the dirt it comes back
         | around as funny
        
       | lupusreal wrote:
       | Is there a theory of humor which explains why theories of humor
       | are invariably hilariously inadaquate?
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | Some activities are highly theoretical: you learn the
         | principles of operation, and maybe how they break down into
         | elements, practice briefly, and then execute at a high level.
         | 
         | Other activities are highly practical: you can learn the theory
         | via a brief rundown, but executing at a high level takes years
         | to decades of practice.
         | 
         | My theory of theory of humour is that humour is in the latter
         | category.
        
           | namaria wrote:
           | Most likely humor is just not one thing but many and seeking
           | a unifying theory about something that isn't a unity won't
           | yield anything.
        
             | lee-rhapsody wrote:
             | This is the most useful comment in the whole thread.
        
         | RhysU wrote:
         | No, any consist theory of humor cannot explain all humor.
         | Gerbils' Incompleteness Theorem.
        
           | whaleberg wrote:
           | I googled that to see if it was an original joke and Google
           | helpfully corrected me.
           | 
           | Did you mean: _goebbels_ incompleteness theorem
           | 
           | I guess it's AI read the same article.
        
         | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
         | It's kinda like music theory - if you're already a talented
         | composer, music theory helps clarify a few technical mysteries
         | and sheds light on other composers' work. But it tells you
         | nothing about creating interesting music, and it's typically
         | apparent when a composer writes according to theory rather than
         | according to their own ears.
         | 
         | Likewise I think some sophisticated humorists would benefit
         | from reading philosophies of satire, psychology of slapstick,
         | etc, to help hone their craft. But those are not how-to guides.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | > Explaining a joke is like dissecting a frog. You understand
         | it better but the frog dies in the process
        
       | bazoom42 wrote:
       | Now explain why some jokes following this formula are hilarious
       | but most are painfully unfunny. This would seem to be the hard
       | part.
       | 
       | > I'm awful at jogging. I run slower than Windows 95.
       | 
       | Yeah you have definitely cracked the secret to comedy.
        
         | forgotacc240419 wrote:
         | Windows 95's start menu was drastically faster than Windows
         | 10's with its default settings. Things like that mean the joke
         | just results in thoughts like "By what metric?" and "Was
         | Windows 95 ever considered famously slow?"
         | 
         | Or is the point that the reference doesn't need to be accurate
         | but just has to catch a general vibe of "old = slow"
        
         | Retr0id wrote:
         | I think it's at least three things:
         | 
         | 1. win95 has waning cultural relevance, and nobody has any
         | _fresh_ memories of dealing with its slowness
         | 
         | 2. most of us have seen "windows bad" jokes a million times
         | over by now - it's stale
         | 
         | 3. "run" is a pretty weak/generic connection.
         | 
         | Edit: 4 - "I'm bad at running" has a sort of boomer-humor vibe
         | to it, it's less relatable to an audience that's generally in-
         | shape.
        
           | latexr wrote:
           | Except that _every single joke_ in that table is awful and
           | that deconstruction on why the joke is bad doesn't
           | generically apply to all of them.
        
             | Retr0id wrote:
             | The column heading just says "mix ideas", I don't think
             | they're supposed to be taken as finished, stand-alone
             | jokes. I think some of them have potential if framed
             | correctly or rephrased a bit (foraging for wild cake, in
             | particular).
             | 
             | Take the not entirely dissimilar Windows Vista joke from
             | the IT Crowd: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-IfnjBHtjHc
             | 
             | It's not especially funny if taken in isolation, but in the
             | context of the scene and the show as a whole, I thought it
             | was hilarious, at the time.
        
               | latexr wrote:
               | > The column heading just says "mix ideas", I don't think
               | they're supposed to be taken as finished, stand-alone
               | jokes.
               | 
               | Right above the table there's a title that says "Joke
               | Ideas", and the text introducing the table is "And here
               | are a few jokes that were created using this method".
               | 
               | Everything indicates they are intended as jokes.
               | 
               | > Take the not entirely dissimilar Windows Vista joke
               | from the IT Crowd
               | 
               | That joke doesn't use the "mix ideas" concept _at all_.
               | It's straightforward in not deviating from the theme.
               | 
               | > It's not especially funny if taken in isolation, but in
               | the context of the scene and the show as a whole
               | 
               | The idea of that joke could've worked in any context.
               | It's just:
               | 
               | A: "I'm having a computer problem."
               | 
               | B: "What OS is that computer on?"
               | 
               | A: "Windows Vista."
               | 
               | B: "That explains the problem."
        
         | ndarray wrote:
         | Try:
         | 
         | "Us humans are so limited in our capabilities. I'm willing to
         | admit, in many ways, I run slower than Windows 95. God, I'm
         | awful at jogging."
         | 
         | Running is the connection here, that's clear. But it seems to
         | me that jogging should be the punchline, not Windows 95. Win95
         | works as the setup. Maybe I prefer that because Win95 is a much
         | more specific thing than jogging. The punchline "I was talking
         | about Windows 95 all along!" just feels so arbitrary compared
         | to "I was talking about jogging all along!"
         | 
         | There's also a bit much lifting done in your punchline (double
         | meaning of run + bringing in Win95), but even when you disjoint
         | the two a little more, it doesn't work that well:
         | 
         | "I'm awful at jogging. I run slow... I'm not even the Windows
         | 95 of joggers."
        
       | seanhunter wrote:
       | The theory presented in this article was articulated in Arthur
       | Koestler's "The Act of Creation", where he goes on to speculate
       | that all creativity works in this way. It's well worth a read.
        
       | itronitron wrote:
       | I like the theory that jokes are funny to the extent they enable
       | a discovery of 'shared knowledge' between the teller and
       | audience.
       | 
       | I'll provide a light bulb joke as an example...
       | 
       | Q: How many feminists does it take to change a light bulb? A:
       | That's not funny.
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | Shared beliefs, when they start complaining about things the
         | audience relates to. Or completely obvious things we haven't
         | noticed. A really funny monologue I saw once was a European
         | comedian remarking how many different meanings can be carried
         | by the word 'ass' and how often they are contradictory. Very
         | clever observation.
        
           | nvader wrote:
           | For the curious, I suspect this was Ismo. I love his with on
           | pointing out the incongruities in surface level features of
           | English.
           | 
           | https://youtube.com/watch?v=RAGcDi0DRtU
        
       | wrp wrote:
       | Completely serious, I think Calvin & Hobbes had the best concise
       | explanation.
       | 
       | (https://mymorningmeditations.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/04/...)
        
         | Hoasi wrote:
         | Great explanation, indeed, and a gem of a comic.
        
         | qwery wrote:
         | I'm not sure if I'm missing something (perhaps the joke, as it
         | were) but the Calvin & Hobbes strip seems to be entirely about
         | having a sense of humour, rather than a _theory of comedy_.
        
           | mewpmewp2 wrote:
           | It's an interesting thought and a question "why did sense of
           | humor develop through evolution?". I don't think this comic
           | applies to the author's post though. Which is more about how
           | to produce comedy, and seemingly quite one dimensionally?
           | 
           | Also I don't think the comics final answer is satisfactory,
           | because you could definitely respond to absurdity, by calling
           | out why something is absurd, you don't have to laugh at it.
           | 
           | So why do we have a sense of humor in the first place?
        
             | taylorius wrote:
             | If absurdity made us despondent or desperately sad instead,
             | that probably wouldn't do much for the ol' evolutionary
             | fitness.
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | By default you don't have to have any such emotional
               | reaction to absurdity. You could just analyze the
               | situation and take action accordingly.
        
               | wholinator2 wrote:
               | The point is exactly that you _can't_ just analyze every
               | single situation that ever happens and then know what to
               | do. That there's a huge amount of life experience for
               | which there is no analytical solution. So you can't "just
               | analyze" every single thing. What do you do then?
               | Dispair? Or laugh.
               | 
               | The ancients eventually came up with the whole God thing
               | to explain all confusion away but i have a feeling that
               | happened after the evolutionary push to not kill yourself
               | the first time you see lightening
        
               | mewpmewp2 wrote:
               | So laugh = communication tool to indicate to others that
               | a weird thing happened, but we think it's harmless, so we
               | don't have to react?
        
           | wrp wrote:
           | The C&H explanation has two parts, what triggers the humor
           | response (perception of things that don't make sense) and why
           | we have the humor response (evolutionary fitness). A theory
           | of the humor mechanism should be congruent to a theory of
           | comedy.
           | 
           | The physiological manifestation of the humor response is also
           | explained by evolutionary fitness when you consider it as
           | countering the physiological reaction to the perception of
           | stressful ambiguity.
        
             | qwery wrote:
             | That's much more interesting than just the comic strip
             | alone, thanks!
        
             | 4b11b4 wrote:
             | That's actually very interesting... humor is lubrication
             | for stressful ambiguity.
        
       | HPsquared wrote:
       | Comedy is tickling the "false alarm" part of the brain.
       | 
       | Laughter is a signal to the group that it's not actually a tiger
       | and we can all relax again.
        
       | TheAceOfHearts wrote:
       | One joke category is something like "getting away with it". A
       | comedian can say anything, and if it's funny they can get away
       | with it. A ton of modern comedians fail at this, but instead of
       | grinding harder to find the funny angles and adapt to the new
       | meta they act like losers and start to blame the audience. 100%
       | skill issue.
       | 
       | I've noticed there's some people who just say mean things while
       | _trying_ to be funny, but I haven 't cracked the details on what
       | makes these jokes land or flop.
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | As seen in Colbert's new cookbook: Does this taste funny?
        
       | jelder wrote:
       | Comedy is branch misprediction.
        
       | namaria wrote:
       | Saying all you can do is search (brute force) means admitting
       | that we have no theory.
        
       | akoboldfrying wrote:
       | I think theories of humour have to explain why some jokes/stories
       | are less funny the second time you hear them, while others remain
       | funny forever. Does the "violation" go away after you hear the
       | joke and your brain adapts? That seems plausible to me, but if
       | so, why doesn't that always happen?
       | 
       | There's a Seinfeld episode where George gets fired -- and then
       | decides to go back to work anyway, _believing that he 's teaching
       | them a lesson_. I've seen it many times, so I know exactly what's
       | coming, but my brain still can't seem to prepare itself for the
       | deep, character-consistent idiocy of it. I will never not laugh
       | while watching this. The question is: Why?
        
       | Miraltar wrote:
       | Imo these one liners are only fun when they're actually not one
       | liners, meaning when the context is part of the setup.
        
         | mewpmewp2 wrote:
         | Yeah, to me, comedy is only actually funny if it's based on
         | something that plausibly happened to the person in real life
         | and it's an interesting, original or clever take on this
         | situation. Not bruteforcing plays on words unless they also
         | come up organically or tie absolutely well to the plausible
         | real life situation. But then it's more like a cherry on top
         | rather than the main funny part. I think a good comedy should
         | also be able to work through multiple languages. It shouldn't
         | be dependent on having those specific words in that specific
         | language.
        
       | OisinMoran wrote:
       | "There are more things in Heaven and Earth, Horatio, than are
       | dreamt of in your philosophy."
       | 
       | The equating of jokes and comedy here is an affront for anyone
       | who has explored different avenues of comedy in any way. The
       | analysis is fine and even interesting for (as others have pointed
       | out) _one specific type of joke_ but just flippantly calling that
       | all of comedy is very jarring as it is obviously wrong.
       | 
       | I just completed a clown workshop this weekend where I was in
       | tears laughing from an exercise of simply playing peekaboo, my
       | improvised musical team has gotten laughs and applause from our
       | piano man simply starting to play music and from us rhyming two
       | words, I've seen TJ & Dave erupt a room from being as realistic
       | and truthful as possible in their improv, one of my Edinburgh
       | Fringe highlights was a performer crashing a live podcast
       | recording multiple times and falling over, spilling many pints in
       | the process.
       | 
       | That is all just to say that comedy is much more than just jokes,
       | and especially much more than jokes that fit this theory. To be
       | clear though, I am not against attempting such formalisms and
       | theories (I have many myself and do think this kind of thinking
       | is great for generating ideas), I've just yet to see a good
       | comprehensive one.
        
         | clucas wrote:
         | Yes, the article mistakes punchlines for comedy. Watch some of
         | Norm MacDonald's stuff on Conan (troubled moth, Jacques de
         | Gatineaux, drunk dart thrower, Andy the Swedish-German)...
         | sure, the punchlines fit the model in the article, but the real
         | humor comes from his delivery and the weird worlds he creates
         | leading up to the punchlines.
        
           | tetris11 wrote:
           | Same with Phil Hartman and Matt Berry, they can make the most
           | boring lines instantly funny through sheer power of charisma
           | and vocal inflections.
        
             | bena wrote:
             | With all of these, there's an element of absurdity. It's
             | not about the world Norm is creating, it's the fact that
             | the words aren't the joke, the joke is on you. The joke is
             | that it's a long, boring story to set up a shitty
             | punchline. You wait, and wait, and wait for the catharsis,
             | but it never comes from the joke itself, it comes only a
             | beat or two after when you realize what just happened.
             | 
             | Matt Berry gets mileage out of responding to everything
             | with a sort of bombastic over-seriousness. He is a
             | character that does nothing small.
             | 
             | Observational comedy is the pointing out of absurdity in
             | everyday life.
        
             | amenhotep wrote:
             | You and he were buddies, weren't you?
        
               | tetris11 wrote:
               | _I 'm a one track lover..._
        
           | aantix wrote:
           | "Some say funny things.
           | 
           | Others say things funny."
           | 
           | Something like that.
        
           | petesergeant wrote:
           | > troubled moth
           | 
           | This is worth googling for anybody who's not urgently meant
           | to be doing something for the next ten minutes. Also on
           | Conan, for anyone looking for an amazing example of humour
           | without a punchline is "conan nathan fielder susan"
        
             | BizarroLand wrote:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJN9mBRX3uo
             | 
             | That is comedy gold
        
             | nickpeterson wrote:
             | I'm a big fan of his dirty Johnny joke on stern,
             | https://youtu.be/4gshCmZVAV8
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | Thank g-d for the hatchery.
        
         | scandox wrote:
         | Heard Adrian Edmondson on Desert Island Discs and one of the
         | interesting things he said about comedy was that there were a
         | limited number of jokes all of which he believed are contained
         | in the recorded works of Laurel and Hardy and that he would be
         | able to enumerate and show all of them from those works.
         | 
         | He also said he was tired of comedy as he knew all of the
         | jokes. Later he sort of contradicted himself by saying that
         | Waiting For Godot is a very funny play and that he felt he had
         | not yet understood it all.
         | 
         | So that's kind of an interesting counterpoint...he does
         | essentially conflate comedy and jokes.
        
           | wanda wrote:
           | I think the word "joke" in the context of his interview was
           | more or less intended to mean "bit" or "skit" or "humour-
           | incitement type" -- rather than literally joke as in "knock
           | knock."
           | 
           | I believe he actually said that all humour is passed on, i.e.
           | that all the comic acts that have come along after Laurel and
           | Hardy were in essence re-enacting scenes that they had
           | performed, in another form, prior.
           | 
           | Of course, Laurel and Hardy were brilliant, but it would
           | actually be naive to think that the chain began there.
           | Performed comedy is as old as civilisation itself, and always
           | fluctuates in sophistication/depth relative to the target
           | audience.
           | 
           | Laurel and Hardy represent a talented comedic duo, heavy on
           | physical humour (though not without wit) _captured on film_
           | so that the physicality of their performance was not up for
           | debate or a supposition, and was available to be absorbed and
           | drawn upon by later comedic performers, and I think this
           | physicality is why Adrian calls back to them. For him, they
           | offer a textbook approach to a broad category of humour.
           | 
           | As for the finitude of humour, I think it would be rather
           | more bizarre if the contrary was true and humour was
           | infinite. Then everything could be funny. Maybe there are a
           | lot of permutations for humour -- if you think about it, the
           | audience (and by extension the time they live in) somewhat
           | dictate what is and isn't funny, and there are considerations
           | as well for cultural context (i.e. JP and CN are going to
           | have a lot of material that will seem nonsensical to a
           | Western audience and vice versa) some humour is obviously
           | universal.
           | 
           | But even to include all topical, regional humour, the number
           | of phrases and physical movements of bodies that can trigger
           | genuine amusement is very likely to be a finite subset of the
           | possible permutations, especially given that all permutations
           | themselves will be finite in total number (there are not an
           | infinite number of words or possible physical occurrences...)
           | 
           | Perhaps indeed there is even a small number of _types_ of
           | humour-incitement, of which all topical, regional jokes are
           | simply manifestations. To group humour-incitement types in
           | this way, Adrian 's assertion seems even more acceptable.
           | 
           | He doesn't say Laurel and Hardy invented humour or anything
           | that we could immediately refute. I think he considers their
           | work to be _the_ textbook. Everything you should see before
           | coming up with your own material can be found in their
           | catalogue.
           | 
           | Like all art, grasp the fundaments and figure out which rules
           | you want to subvert to get your message across, for the sake
           | of doing so rather than empty rebellion or feeding reviewers
           | from a marketing perspective.
           | 
           | Sometimes there's no reason to break a rule, and sometimes
           | there's every reason.
           | 
           | As for his fatigue, whether the man has had exposure to
           | humour from other cultures is not clear, but certainly in the
           | context of his own culture I would be inclined to agree. The
           | vast majority of comedy in the West is very obviously
           | recycled material with different packaging. That's not to say
           | that sometimes the later recyclings aren't better than the
           | "originals" --- a lot of it is in the delivery, and if you
           | watch them all without bias (nostalgia) you can probably pick
           | out some cases where a comedy from 2007 is funnier than
           | something conceptually similar from 1987.
           | 
           | A lot of people grew up with comedy shows that were the best
           | of their time and thus become the best for those people, and
           | they watch stuff 20 years later after having rewatched their
           | favourites a dozen times as well and it all seems less novel.
           | Perhaps the same effect occurs for the performers as well as
           | the audience.
           | 
           | Adrian also lost his partner in comedy, the infamous Rik
           | Mayall, and this perhaps soured him on comedy without that
           | second half to bounce off of. They used to tour live and they
           | would often break character and break the fourth wall ---
           | while their long collaboration and friendship would lend a
           | good deal of weight to it, as well as topical spice depending
           | on the region, I think they were keen to do it anyway to keep
           | their material a little fresher and keep things interesting
           | for themselves while doing it. Touring the same act up and
           | down the country would surely be enough to convince anyone
           | it's all been done before. Losing that certainly confines
           | one's repertoire to only the rehearsed material.
           | 
           | I think he's married to Jennifer Saunders (of _Absolutely
           | Fabulous_ and _French and Saunders_ fame) but I don 't think
           | they ever collaborated much.
        
             | airstrike wrote:
             | > if the contrary was true and humour was infinite. Then
             | everything could be funny.
             | 
             | I don't think that necessarily follows. Some infinities are
             | greater than others.
             | 
             | (Even though I happen to think anything _could_ be funny
             | with sufficient effort. Even tragedy)
        
               | wanda wrote:
               | Schadenfreude to the extent of humour. That is a
               | difficulty isn't it, the audience can find whatever it
               | wants funny if that's how it's wired. Perhaps you're
               | right.
        
               | airstrike wrote:
               | Mike Birbiglia IMHO is a master of turning terrible
               | things into hilarious ones
        
               | psunavy03 wrote:
               | It's definitely contextual. As an example, military or
               | veterans, first responders, doctors, lawyers, and others
               | like that will usually have a much greater appreciation
               | for dark humor than people who haven't had to deal with
               | tragic circumstances in their day jobs.
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | Related to what you're saying, there's a whole essay by Mark
         | Twain where he explains the difference between comedy (and
         | comedic storytelling) and simply "telling a joke". He didn't
         | think much of the "punchline" type of jokes, he was all about
         | the storytelling... as you can tell by "The Celebrated Jumping
         | Frog of Calaveras County" and his many other stories.
        
           | jonkratz wrote:
           | I'm interested in reading that essay -- is this the one?
           | https://www.gutenberg.org/files/3250/3250-h/3250-h.htm
        
             | the_af wrote:
             | Yes! Good find.
             | 
             | > _There are several kinds of stories, but only one
             | difficult kind--the humorous. I will talk mainly about that
             | one. The humorous story is American, the comic story is
             | English, the witty story is French. The humorous story
             | depends for its effect upon the manner of the telling; the
             | comic story and the witty story upon the matter._
             | 
             | > _The humorous story is strictly a work of art--high and
             | delicate art--and only an artist can tell it; but no art is
             | necessary in telling the comic and the witty story; anybody
             | can do it. The art of telling a humorous story--understand,
             | I mean by word of mouth, not print--was created in America,
             | and has remained at home._
             | 
             | I'm not sure I agree the humorous story is purely American,
             | though doubtless Mark Twain was one of its masters.
        
           | BizarroLand wrote:
           | Mark Twain wrote a book called "Roughing It", and I can't put
           | my finger on it and tell you exactly what it is about this
           | book, but there's some essence of Mark Twain dictating this
           | story to you, the reader, that has persisted all of these
           | many years since it was written that imbues it with a special
           | kind of comedy magic the likes of which you are unlikely to
           | find anywhere else.
           | 
           | I have tried to read it 3 times and ended up laughing so hard
           | my stomach hurt until I had to stop reading.
           | 
           | I can't finish it, it's too funny.
           | 
           | 100% worth an attempt to read at least 3 times so far.
        
             | jsrcout wrote:
             | What a wondrous book. So many hilarious anecdotes. Tom
             | Quartz the mining cat. The escaped tarantulas. The retired
             | Admiral. But it's not just the little stories. His
             | characters, the comical exaggerations, his poking fun at
             | his younger and ridiculously naive self, the description of
             | the places, the little observations serious and humorous,
             | the very _language_ are all just a pleasure.
        
         | zzbzq wrote:
         | Comedy is a complex superstructure. I think the site has a
         | probably-correct description of the ground-floor basis of that
         | superstructure. But the rest of the structure is where the
         | magic is.
         | 
         | I describe this "ground-floor basis" not as "comedy is search"
         | but "comedy is learning." One of the first things babies laugh
         | at is object permanence. But you quickly get into forms of
         | comedy that are much more than the formula discussed into the
         | article. Consider sarcasm. Consider crass humor derived from
         | blatant invocation of socially inappropriate subjects. Consider
         | "inside jokes" which are often purely social, having lost all
         | connection to the "relating two concepts."
        
           | patcon wrote:
           | Interesting. Re: search vs learning.
           | 
           | With search, I understand it as a process of learning, where
           | diff search strategies create different learnings. Maybe
           | laughter is a strategy of search, or what the algorithm feels
           | like from the inside attention head...?
           | 
           | And search feels like moving around a tree or maybe graph
           | (moving thru graph from known origin to unknown extremities,
           | this is maybe tree-like in any meaningful local sense).
           | Anyhow, searches being depth-first vs breadth-first with
           | attention feels related.
           | 
           | Thinking through your comment has me reflecting on the
           | distinction between depth-first vs breadth-first comedy, and
           | if that even makes sense :)
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | > I was in tears laughing from an exercise of simply playing
         | peekaboo
         | 
         | My wife and I have a 15 month old and one of our favourite
         | games is for one of us to sit with him on the stairs looking
         | through the bannisters at the other one dancing and singing.
         | Sometimes we are all in absolute hysterics. Humour is very much
         | about a collective will to engage in the shared enjoyment, and
         | I reckon most parents would agree with me.
         | 
         | But yes, OP's article does not really cover satire, parody,
         | toilet humour, slapstick, deadpan, cringe humour etc...
        
         | pohl wrote:
         | I feel like I've read this comment before, except the topic was
         | music theory and the focus was on harmony and someone who
         | valued rhythm, texture, and timbre felt left out.
        
       | konschubert wrote:
       | My personal theory is that a joke has to be always both
       | _surpising_ , yet _fitting_.
       | 
       | The pattern presented in the article fits that requirement. Maybe
       | it is even equivalent.
       | 
       | But that's just a necessary condition for a good joke, not a
       | sufficient one.
        
       | binary132 wrote:
       | Art isn't search, nor is it an algorithm to be optimized.
       | Unfortunately, the modern human experience is so utterly
       | commoditized that the incentive to cram everything possible into
       | an algorithmic, quantitative box is enormous and almost
       | overpowering or seemingly inevitable. Maybe I'm overreacting a
       | little to this particular instance, but I do think that in
       | general we need to be willing to resist this cultural phenomenon
       | and put some things behind a line that we're willing to defend.
        
         | ithkuil wrote:
         | I understand where you're coming from but unfortunately there
         | is a vector that represents exactly that feeling of yours and
         | it can be found via search
        
         | assanineass wrote:
         | Agreed
        
       | patcon wrote:
       | Related: Information is surprise
       | https://plus.maths.org/content/information-surprise
       | 
       | > If your string of symbols constitutes a passage of English
       | text, then you could just count the number of words it contains.
       | But this is silly: it would give the sentence "The Sun will rise
       | tomorrow" the same information value as he sentence "The world
       | will end tomorrow" when the second is clearly much more
       | significant than the first. Whether or not we find a message
       | informative depends on whether it's news to us and what this news
       | means to us.
       | 
       | > [Claude] Shannon stayed clear of the slippery concept of
       | meaning, declaring it "irrelevant to the engineering problem",
       | but he did take on board the idea that information is related to
       | what's new: it's related to surprise. Thought of in emotional
       | terms surprise is hard to measure, but you can get to grips with
       | it by imagining yourself watching words come out of a ticker
       | tape, like they used to have in news agencies. Some words, like
       | "the" or "a" are pretty unsurprising; in fact they are redundant
       | since you could probably understand the message without them. The
       | real essence of the message lies in words that aren't as common,
       | such as "alien" or "invasion".
        
       | ccppurcell wrote:
       | Some jokes only require a punchline, since the audience shares
       | common knowledge or assumptions e.g.:
       | 
       | It's not funny and the frog dies.
        
       | smokedetector1 wrote:
       | It's really annoying and deadening, not to mention foolish, when
       | people try to reduce every activity of the soul to a mechanical,
       | comprehensible process.
        
         | tester457 wrote:
         | If the activities of the soul are so beyond mortal
         | comprehension, then the futile attempt at understanding them
         | should widen the soul in appreciation of the infinite depth of
         | human creativity.
         | 
         | Failure at comprehension does not deaden, any more than only
         | seeing a minute fraction of the cosmos deadens the soul. All
         | that remains beyond our understanding should inspire awe.
        
           | smokedetector1 wrote:
           | Its not that the soul is completely beyond mortal
           | comprehension - art, philosophy, etc do a good job of
           | exploring it. But this (philosophically) materialist way of
           | viewing the world, where everything is caused by evolution
           | and so everything is mechanical to the point where you can
           | almost feed it to a computer -- that doesnt inspire awe to me
           | at all. That makes me feel that my actual existence is being
           | denied, because I'm "really just" this simple process. It's
           | blatantly false but for some reason as tech people we like to
           | put ourselves into a box rather than admit some things are
           | beyond mechanical formalization.
        
         | gota wrote:
         | If you want to vindicate your distaste, check out the "Joke
         | Examples" section of the argument:
         | 
         | > And here are a few jokes that were created using this method:
         | (...)
         | 
         | > "I'm awful at jogging, I'm running slower than windows 95"
         | (...)
         | 
         | > "You're such a great guy! - I'm not a great guy. Abraham
         | Lincoln was a great guy. I'm a barely adequate guy." (...)
         | 
         | These are two out of 6 examples there - all are extremely plain
         | and boring, except maybe for the last (which is just barely
         | funny).
        
           | smokedetector1 wrote:
           | I like how they highlighted a commonality between two
           | disparate things. When I recognized the pattern, my neurons
           | lit up, eliciting a pleasurable response.
        
         | fracus wrote:
         | How deadening would it be to imagine that our consciousness and
         | agency is just an illusion created by firing synapses and
         | hormones and that everything we think and do has been
         | predetermined.
        
           | smokedetector1 wrote:
           | Couldn't agree more! I am trying to spread the word that
           | materialism is not the only rational position! (in fact, I
           | find it quite irrational indeed)
        
         | scrozier wrote:
         | This. I've seen so much of this on Hacker News that it's almost
         | like a game now to discover the variant of the archetype post
         | in today's feed.
         | 
         | People with a "nerdy" mindset want to find the structure behind
         | everything. That's not a bad thing, but it's so annoying to
         | people who actually do comedy...or music...or art.
         | 
         | Not everything in life can be reduced and programmed. But
         | they'll keep on trying.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Be careful what you search for:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qklvh5Cp_Bs
        
       | taeric wrote:
       | I've come to think of most everything as a search. It works far
       | better as a metaphor than makes sense. Learning, Optimization,
       | Modeling, etc. For many, it is clearly a multivariable search.
       | ML, as an easy example, is both searching for a good model and
       | searching for the optimal parameters to it.
        
       | visarga wrote:
       | I have a theory that everything is search. Protein folding?
       | Search for minimal energy. DNA evolution - search for ecological
       | niche fit. Cognition? attention is search, memory is search,
       | imagination is also search, problem solving - of course is
       | search. Scientific progress? It is (re)search. Optimizing an AI
       | model? Search for optimal parameters to fit the data.
       | Reinforcement learning? Search for optimal behavior to maximize
       | rewards. Even speaking is search - we output words in sequence,
       | searching the next word like LLMs. Now I can add comedy to the
       | list.
       | 
       | <rant>Search is a nice concept, it defines everything clearly -
       | search space, goal space, action space. Compare it with fuzzy
       | concepts like understanding, intelligence and consciousness. We
       | can never define them, precisely because they gloss over their
       | input-output domains and try to present a distributed process as
       | centralized in the brain.
       | 
       | Search has a bunch of properties - it is compositional,
       | hierarchical, recurrent (iterative in time) and recursive. This
       | pattern holds across many fields, I think it is based on the
       | fundamental properties of space-time which are also
       | compositional, hierarchical and recurrent (object state at time
       | t+1 depends on its state at time t)
       | 
       | Search can be personal, inter-personal, physical or information
       | based. It can explain away much of the mystery of the three fuzzy
       | concepts I mentioned. I describe cognition as two search loops -
       | search externally by applying known behavior to collect
       | experience, and search internally to compress experience and
       | update behavior.</>
        
         | CooCooCaCha wrote:
         | Lately I've come to think of science as a large-scale search
         | algorithm so I think there's truth to what you're saying and
         | it's interesting to think about.
        
         | nxobject wrote:
         | I think another way to put that really good idea is simply to
         | say that humans are innately wired to explore and discover!
        
           | duderific wrote:
           | Not surprising I guess, since our survival literally depended
           | on that capability for tens of thousands of years (and still
           | does, to a lesser extent)
        
         | smokedetector1 wrote:
         | How does this explain away the mystery of consciousness?
        
           | patcon wrote:
           | One take: Chasing the Rainbow: The Non-conscious Nature of
           | Being (2017) https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fps
           | yg.2017.0192...
           | 
           | You might get a kick out of this paper (though some may find
           | it's proposal a bit bleak, I think there's a way to integrate
           | it without losing any of the sense of wonder of the
           | experience of being alive :) )
           | 
           | It analogizes conscious experience to the a rainbow "which
           | accompanies physical processes in the atmosphere but exerts
           | no influence over them".
           | 
           | > Though it is an end-product created by non-conscious
           | executive systems, the personal narrative serves the powerful
           | evolutionary function of enabling individuals to communicate
           | (externally broadcast) the contents of internal broadcasting.
           | This in turn allows recipients to generate potentially
           | adaptive strategies, such as predicting the behavior of
           | others and underlies the development of social and cultural
           | structures, that promote species survival. Consequently, it
           | is the capacity to communicate to others the contents of the
           | personal narrative that confers an evolutionary advantage--
           | not the experience of consciousness (personal awareness)
           | itself.
        
             | smokedetector1 wrote:
             | I find these types of arguments very odd, though at one
             | point in my life I would certainly have endorsed them.
             | 
             | What is it about the modern scientific mindset that makes
             | people say "actually, the ubiquitous experience of being
             | alive, having thoughts, feelings, and making choices, is
             | actually 100% an illusion."
             | 
             | Don't get me wrong, obviously there is interaction between
             | evolutionary functions, the brain, etc - I mean, there's
             | anesthesia, there's being drunk, horny, fight or flight..
             | there's all sorts of ways that it's obvious there's a link.
             | 
             | But why do so many theorists want to go from "there's a
             | link" to "this is 100% an illusion?" I just don't get it.
             | Is it that uncomfortable to have something that is outside
             | the reach of physical systems theorizing, or something that
             | is unexplainable (i.e., the link) that we'd rather fit
             | reality into the theory than the other way around?
             | 
             | We have to have the courage to live with something that is
             | inexplicable, at least for now (and, honestly, maybe
             | forever), rather than lose faith in our own existence.
        
           | 082349872349872 wrote:
           | Consciousness is just the result of a search for "a more or
           | less linear story that makes sense of the way I act and
           | react"
           | 
           | We're good at predicting states of minds of others (helpful
           | when trying to exploit limited resources, and very helpful
           | for either predator or prey), and we can cheaply gather a
           | _lot_ of data on ourselves, so why should the capability for
           | inferring states of mind not, as a side effect, also provide
           | us with our own inferred state of mind: our own  "I"?
        
             | smokedetector1 wrote:
             | This is a theory that would work, except for the fact that
             | I know I exist. Why does materialism so desperately want to
             | ignore that knowledge? Is that really simpler than the idea
             | that we have a soul that interacts with the body and brain,
             | but which _also_ has its own nature that is separate from
             | biology and evolution? Do we have to go 100% and say things
             | that start with  "consciousness is _just_ "?
             | 
             | I'm passionate about this because I know -- from personal
             | experience -- that this type of philosophy can really go
             | along with denying ones own existence in a deep way. It
             | feels great to know you're a soul that exists. I don't know
             | why it's supposed to be "rational" to convince yourself
             | against a simple truth that we all know intuitively. And I
             | say that as someone who used to feel that way.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | The quality of consciousness and the existence of a non-
               | body non-brain soul seem to me like two completely
               | orthogonal issues (I can easily imagine creatures without
               | conscious awareness but with a soul; I can certainly
               | imagine creatures with brain-driven consciousness but
               | without a soul; a rock has neither; in your model people
               | have both) so it seems unlikely that answering your two
               | questions would move the conversation forward.
               | 
               | For what it's worth, I know I exist as well; can we agree
               | that we both exist, but we have differing models for what
               | the necessary constituents of that existence are?
        
               | smokedetector1 wrote:
               | > Can we agree that we both exist, but we have differing
               | models for what the necessary constituents of that
               | existence are?
               | 
               | Of course, yes.
               | 
               | > I can certainly imagine creatures with brain-driven
               | consciousness but without a soul
               | 
               | This would probably be the heart of the disagreement. I
               | don't believe this is possible. Such a creature would not
               | have qualia.
               | 
               | And, as a species, I don't think we're any closer to
               | resolving this question "objectively" than we ever were.
               | fMRIs say where blood is flowing in the brain, but that's
               | hardly enough to explain the phenomenon of subjective
               | experience.
               | 
               | By the nature of the question, we won't be able to attack
               | it from the outside, and I don't think I could generally
               | convince another person that they have a soul that
               | exists, if they're inclined to explain themselves using
               | materialism, which at this point has become flexible
               | enough to be unfalsifiable, with the everlasting faith
               | that someday science will fill in all the gaps.
               | 
               | That's why my approach now is just to poke holes in the
               | seemingly impenetrable confidence that materialism is the
               | only "rational" way to think.
               | 
               | (By the way, I'm not saying you hold that position.)
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | > _This would probably be the heart of the disagreement_
               | 
               | OK, sounds like we're agreed there.
               | 
               | If souls are required for consciousness, then I guess we
               | could try to decide which creatures are conscious by
               | first deciding which have souls? Would that question be
               | any easier to answer that way around?
        
               | smokedetector1 wrote:
               | I thought we were talking about "what is consciousness"
               | rather than "which creatures are conscious." The
               | conversation started with "consciousness is _just_ [a
               | series of material processes resulting in an illusion of
               | interiority, rather than a genuine phenomenon of -- for
               | lack of a better word -- personhood] "
               | 
               | I would probably say "consciousness is the soul" rather
               | than "souls are required for consciousness," but either
               | way I don't see how that helps the fundamental issue that
               | it's impossible to physically prove another creature's
               | interiority, including humans.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | What I said was that it's all search. We search and
               | learn, search and learn. This feels like consciousness
               | because it is a recurrent process that feeds on itself.
               | We create relational representations from data, and these
               | representations encode the structure of our experiences.
               | In other words embeddings explain away the qualitative
               | aspects of qualia.
        
               | smokedetector1 wrote:
               | Just declaring that they explain it away doesn't make it
               | so. You've come up with a theory that, from 10,000 feet
               | up, could correspond with certain observations of
               | consciousness. Why should it be true?
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | We were talking about "what is consciousness" but rapidly
               | hit an end.
               | 
               | Sorry for the lack of clarity: "which creatures are
               | conscious" was my attempt to switch topics to a line
               | which I had hoped might be mutually interesting.
               | 
               | Cheers!
        
               | smokedetector1 wrote:
               | Before we stop, if you don't mind, could you answer why
               | you are dissatisfied with the idea that there's a soul,
               | and why we need to do away with it 100%?
               | 
               | To be clear, I really do take issue with the 100% aspect.
               | There are many psychological functions that are clearly
               | at least mediated if not outright caused by the brain and
               | body.
               | 
               | But I think some people say "there's so many functions
               | that are physical, that probably 100% are and we just
               | don't know it yet." But that doesn't seem logically any
               | more forced than "there's a soul that's mediated by the
               | brain," so I don't know why people are so willing to give
               | up the soul.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | > fMRIs say where blood is flowing in the brain, but
               | that's hardly enough to explain the phenomenon of
               | subjective experience.
               | 
               | fMRI scans correlate well with neural net embeddings.
               | That is a great hint. We just need to look at the
               | semantic spaces developed in these models, by a purely
               | mechanistic process, to see how it goes from data to
               | semantics.
        
               | smokedetector1 wrote:
               | The idea that we will _just_ need to do that is a form of
               | faith, no more rational (in my opinion, less so) than
               | belief in a soul.
        
               | CooCooCaCha wrote:
               | Making up nonsense will always be easier than actually
               | understanding reality.
               | 
               | Just because we can't explain something right now does
               | not mean you can insert whatever you want into that hole
               | and assert it's just as valid as any other explanation.
        
               | smokedetector1 wrote:
               | It's funny how much I agree with your whole comment ;)
               | 
               | Also, "making up nonsense" is a very disrespectful, and
               | intellectually dishonest, way to approach someone's
               | understanding of life which is hard-earned through
               | experience and thousands of hours of introspection and
               | study. Consider that people who disagree with you on this
               | may still be just as educated and smart as you are.
        
               | CooCooCaCha wrote:
               | Not if they think making up supernatural explanations is
               | valid.
               | 
               | It's the same logic as God of the gaps. Science doesn't
               | understand something yet so better fill it up with feel-
               | good made up stuff and pretend it's just as valid as
               | actual science.
        
               | smokedetector1 wrote:
               | To me, this theory is Science of the gaps. "Science can't
               | prove it yet, but it will." :shrug: That's faith, not
               | logic.
        
               | CooCooCaCha wrote:
               | One of the stupidest things I've read on here. Science
               | has an incredible track record. Faith doesn't.
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | We have a dual search loop - outside, we act using our
           | experience to gain new data. Inside, we compress this data
           | and update our experience. We search for experience and
           | search for understanding. Acting is search for new insights,
           | learning is search for error minimization.
           | 
           | I think the way we encode our experiences is relationally,
           | like neural networks. We relate new experiences against past
           | experiences, this creates a semantic space that is highly
           | dimensional. Any concept is a point or a region in this
           | space. It has consistent semantics, which leads to the
           | unified experience. We can relate anything to anything in
           | this space without having a central understander. Encoding
           | your own experiences creates a first person perspective from
           | 3rd person data, which was always a "hard" problem to explain
           | in philosophy.
           | 
           | The serial action bottleneck adds to the illusion of
           | centralization. But it's still a distributed process, no
           | neuron is conscious or understands by itself. And even in
           | society, no human can recreate even a 1% of human culture
           | individually. We are not that smart on our own. We should
           | always look for the larger context where we develop, not just
           | the brain.
           | 
           | Search has the virtue of not hiding the environment, it is
           | social and distributed, unlike more personal concepts like
           | consciousness, intelligence and understanding. But as I said
           | above, even inside the brain there is nothing but distributed
           | processing, no homunculus.
           | 
           | I think the core of my argument is "there is no centralized
           | consciousness, understanding or intelligence, they are
           | distributed processes, they act across neurons in the brain
           | and across people in society". It seems like a hard pill to
           | swallow, if that is true then there is also no centralized
           | understanding or truth.
        
             | smokedetector1 wrote:
             | I commend your diligence, your theory may even be
             | internally consistent, but I don't see why I should believe
             | this rather than the comparatively simple and intuitively
             | true (to me, anyway) notion that there is a genuine soul,
             | it has its own volition, and it certainly interacts with
             | the physical body and brain through a link that is
             | currently (and may always be) mysterious.
        
               | visarga wrote:
               | What you say that the soul acts like a homunculus,
               | "interacts with the physical body and brain through a
               | link that is currently mysterious". It is a "center"
               | thing that has volition, and semantics, and is genuine.
               | 
               | And it is understandable to do so. It certainly feels
               | unified, and genuine. And it is simple and nice to be so.
               | But intuition fails us hard when it comes to
               | introspection. We feel alive, and conscious, but we are a
               | few billion neurons connected by trillion branches, all
               | wrapped in a bio-robot, put inside a complex environment
               | full of living things in a state of cooperation and
               | competition.
        
               | smokedetector1 wrote:
               | Again, that is your theory. Just because you've created
               | it using the primitives of materialist science doesn't
               | mean it's true or that it's more likely than another
               | theory. The fact is there's no scientific basis for
               | believing what you've said. There just isn't.
               | 
               | If it feels like there's a scientific basis for what
               | you're saying, that's because you're invoking the
               | metaphysical principle of strict materialism, which is a
               | common (though not inherently valid) way of thinking
               | about science, and if that were true then yes, something
               | like your theory would have to be true.
               | 
               | But be clear - that is not something proven by science,
               | it is an axiom that is far from obviously true or
               | universally accepted.
               | 
               | It may also feel that your theory should be true because
               | so much about how the body and brain works _is_ , I
               | agree, materialist in nature, so why not hypothesize that
               | _everything_ is materialist? But that is very much a
               | hypothesis and an intuition, not something that is
               | scientifically proven or logically forced. And, as you
               | say, intuition can be flawed.
        
         | patcon wrote:
         | Strong agree. I'm on a similar path as you, travelling through
         | related thoughts
         | 
         | I think this hypothesis goes a long way to explaining why the
         | math of transformers (doing mathematical operations on
         | language) create something that rhymes so much with intelligent
         | thought. Though I should clarify that LLMs do not share the
         | same processes or verbs of our intelligence, only the snapshot
         | moment-in-time of a mind-like object ;)
        
         | smilliken wrote:
         | You're spot on that all problems can be interpreted as a search
         | problem. Similarly, all problems can be interpreted as a
         | compression problem. Or parsing, boolean satisfiability, or
         | halting, etc. It's helpful to keep them all in mind because
         | sometimes a different problem domain has a tool that your
         | preferred one doesn't, or just the mindset shift can be useful
         | to unblock.
        
         | ma9o wrote:
         | I think a more specific denominator you might wanna look into
         | is free energy minimization as you mention in your first
         | example. I really liked reading Active Inference and What Is
         | Life? on the subject.
        
       | codeflo wrote:
       | I'd like a theory to explain why a certain class of jokes makes
       | me feel physical pain, when others find them hilarious. This
       | example from the article,
       | 
       | > Q: Why are cats so good at video games? A: They have nine
       | lives.
       | 
       | firmly belongs in the "physical pain" category for me.
        
         | xattt wrote:
         | It's a learned behaviour. Outside of North American culture, I
         | don't think there are "groaner" jokes.
        
         | jameshart wrote:
         | I think it comes down to delivery. This premise in this format
         | sets up a groan reaction.
         | 
         | But essentially the same elements used by a good standup,
         | telling a story, saying something like "so I was playing super
         | Mario with my cat, and of course he is wiping the floor with
         | me, because... you know... nine lives" could get a solid laugh.
         | Or a far side like cartoon of a cat playing a video game with a
         | dog, and the dog looking upset while the cat looks smug...
         | 
         | The elements of a joke are there, but you still have to
         | construct it into a delivery vehicle that lands it.
        
       | cyco130 wrote:
       | There is some connection between music and comedy (or at least
       | joke punchlines, like many, I'm not convinced this theory
       | explains how all comedy works): Musical structure almost always
       | relies on establishing a pattern (repetition) and breaking it
       | (contrast).
        
       | clueless wrote:
       | comedy is simply an inevitable surprise!
        
       | stevage wrote:
       | This analysis is pretty good, and I liked the presentation style.
       | 
       | He lets himself down by saying "all comedy" when he doesn't need
       | to. He's analysing a specific type of joke structure, and that's
       | fine. He doesn't need to overreach like this.
        
       | camillomiller wrote:
       | This feels like a manual for a completely humorless person to
       | trying and understand why people laugh. I appreciate the effort,
       | but it's quite naive, and honestly most of the example jokes are
       | just bad puns.
        
       | tug2024 wrote:
       | Don't forget about The Greeno Test (1978)!
       | 
       | ::=
       | 
       | Analogies Anagrams Transformations
        
       | antiquark wrote:
       | Thank God for the hatchery.
        
       | JoblessWonder wrote:
       | Freud has a book on jokes called "The Joke and Its Relation to
       | the Unconscious" which I thought was pretty interesting (although
       | I mostly read the first section which analyzed the technique of
       | the joke and the tendencies of the joke.)
        
       | soniman wrote:
       | If you are going to make a video about how comedy works you have
       | to begin it with a joke and then use your theory to explain that
       | joke. I don't want to hear your theory unless you give me
       | something to think about first.
        
       | blueyes wrote:
       | Steve Allen's "How to be funny" presents a compelling model of
       | humor as a deliberate misinterpretation of the setup, which is
       | delivered in the punchline. So you have initial context, pivot,
       | and misinterpretation.
       | 
       | The most powerful versions of that reveal universal, strong and
       | suppressed emotions as well as our basic human fallibility.
       | 
       | Urinal cakes?! I'll never fall for that one again...
        
       | bostik wrote:
       | Comedy is a complex, living, writhing thing. With rules.
       | 
       | This article feels like the author has taken the concept of one-
       | liner (arguably the densest form of standup comedy) and extended
       | that to be comedy at large. I feel like you could take the
       | Comedian's Comedian podcast episode with Gary Delaney, and get a
       | much more effective lesson with the same content.
       | 
       | Disclosure: I've done standup. It is frightening. It's also a lot
       | of fun.
        
       | DiscourseFan wrote:
       | See _Jokes and their Relation to the Unconscious_ by Sigmund
       | Freud for a similar analysis with far more depth.
        
       | buescher wrote:
       | Ah, yes, a step-by-step method for creating comedy from a site
       | called rpgadventures - complete with templates, diagrams, and
       | tables - what's funnier than that?
        
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