[HN Gopher] The Dogma of Otherness (1986)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The Dogma of Otherness (1986)
        
       Author : m463
       Score  : 109 points
       Date   : 2024-09-30 06:06 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.davidbrin.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.davidbrin.com)
        
       | sharkjacobs wrote:
       | Plato's Republic was more fun and engaging than other
       | foundational philosophy texts I read as an undergraduate because
       | the dialogue format made me want to interrupt Socrates in way
       | that I don't usually experience when I read things that I
       | disagree with. It activates the conversation lobes of my brain or
       | something I guess, it's simultaneously frustrating and
       | satisfying.
       | 
       | Anyway, the introduction to this article does the same thing.
        
         | ahazred8ta wrote:
         | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22055276-the-just-city
        
       | DiscourseFan wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We_Have_Never_Been_Modern
       | 
       | A book for those who are interested in this viewpoint; though,
       | its a bit technical, its audience is anthropologists.
       | 
       | I agree and _disagree_ , in that, the concept of the "other,"
       | which Brin subtly attributes to a crude reading of Hegel, is
       | misused in contemporary academia, in contemporary culture, to
       | create these what can't be said to be other than corruptive ideas
       | like an infinite meakness in the face of what we cannot know
       | about ourselves, but a meakness which is secretly all the more
       | chauvinistic, as it claims, above all, that only _we_ are
       | superior who recognize our  "mediocrity," in the face of all
       | those animals, cultures, potentialities of otherness, that fail
       | to do so themselves.
       | 
       | But, of course, Hegel's concept of the "other" is not this way at
       | all. As JN Findlay argued, there is no substantial difference
       | between Godel and Hegel's logic in terms of incompleteness: it is
       | likely that, although the only philosophy which Godel ever
       | adopted was Phenomenology, he would himself not have had any
       | issues with the comparison. It is the "identity of non-identity,"
       | its not that you "encounter" the other, its the recognition that
       | the other is _already contained_ in what is non-other; which is
       | to say, in a manner that Godel expressed far more clearly, that
       | all logical systems, all systematic programs, contain elements
       | that cannot be contained in the system, and the discreteness of
       | the world only comes when those elements come to a head, when
       | people are forced to, for Hegel, fight in a conflict to resolve,
       | at the level of the Idea itself, what they cannot be certain of:
       | this is why, science, what you 'd think is objective and
       | independent, depends on massive political and social forces: and
       | if the Israeli's, for instance, could not fight their wars, it
       | would be the proof that ideology of faith is more powerful than
       | the ideology of the world, of technological power. The "truth" of
       | a missile only becomes apparent when it hits its target, just in
       | the same way that one cannot know, here on HN especially, how
       | _others_ will think of their comment, until they post it.
        
         | kbrkbr wrote:
         | > which is to say, in a manner that Godel expressed far more
         | clearly, that all logical systems, all systematic programs,
         | contain elements that cannot be contained in the system
         | 
         | Wikipedia [1] summarizes better than I could:
         | 
         | "The first incompleteness theorem states that no consistent
         | system of axioms whose theorems can be listed by an effective
         | procedure (i.e. an algorithm) is capable of proving all truths
         | about the arithmetic of natural numbers. For any such
         | consistent formal system, there will always be statements about
         | natural numbers that are true, but that are unprovable within
         | the system.
         | 
         | The second incompleteness theorem, an extension of the first,
         | shows that the system cannot demonstrate its own consistency."
         | 
         | That's seems a bit different than what you stated, to me at
         | least.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6del%2527s_incompleten...
        
           | moefh wrote:
           | Indeed. Godel's theorem is very technical, and any use
           | outside the very technical realm of its immediate application
           | should be viewed with great suspicion.
           | 
           | For example, if you take the statement you quoted from
           | Wikipedia and replace "natural number" with "real number", it
           | doesn't work anymore: it's been proven that the arithmetic of
           | real numbers is decidable[1]. That means that the sentence
           | you quoted from OP's comment is not true.
           | 
           | Anyone inclined to use Godel's theorem in these philosophical
           | contexts should maybe read the great little book "Godel's
           | Theorem: An Incomplete Guide to Its Use and Abuse" by Torkel
           | Franzen. I'll leave here a quote from a review[2]:
           | In addition to obvious nonsense, there are among the
           | nonmathematical ideas inspired by Godel's theorem many that
           | by no means represent postmodernist excesses, but rather come
           | to mind naturally to many people with very different
           | backgrounds when they think about the theorem. It is
           | especially such naturally occurring misunderstandings that
           | Franzen intends to correct.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decidability_of_first-
           | order_th...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.ams.org/notices/200703/rev-raatikainen.pdf
        
             | DiscourseFan wrote:
             | It was Brin, not me, who makes the connection, and says
             | that Godel refutes Hegel. The scholar I mentioned, JN
             | Findlay, has a rigorous understanding of both authors, but
             | I couldn't quickly find an article where he makes the
             | argument. Nothing to do with "postmodernist excesses" or
             | whatever.
             | 
             | Also read my comment, see this article here[0] about how
             | Godel adopted phenomenology, which is the philosophical
             | backbone of much of "postmodernism," so it would be
             | entirely fair to make a connection between Godel and, say,
             | Derrida, for instance, since they both claim to be in the
             | same philosophical tradition. But that's just what the
             | scholarly evidence suggests.
             | 
             | In any case, Godel's proof has little to do with "math" in
             | the sense of calculation but rather is a refutation of
             | Russel & Whiteheads attempts at a logical foundation of
             | mathematics, which is a philosophical endeavour. The
             | mathematical aspect is secondary and merely follows from
             | the philosophical argument which it entails. It is the
             | simply the case that, Russel & Whitehead were themselves
             | engaging with "Hegel" in Principia Mathematica, who of
             | course had his own system of logic (cf. the Science of
             | Logic), but they failed insofar as Godel's critique is
             | accepted, and insofar as you accept Godel's critique you
             | could make the inference (though by no means on an entirely
             | solid basis) that Godel's work constitutes, in a certain
             | sense, a re-interpretation of Hegel, though not directly.
             | 
             | [0]https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/goedel/goedel-
             | phenomenolo...
        
               | moefh wrote:
               | > Nothing to do with "postmodernist excesses" or
               | whatever.
               | 
               | To clarify, I wasn't implying you or Brin were commiting
               | "postmodernist excesses". The part of the review I quoted
               | was explicitly saying that the book aims to correct
               | misunderstandings that "by no means represent
               | postmodernist excesses, but rather come to mind naturally
               | to many people with very different backgrounds".
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | Then there is Badiou, who perfected deconstructionism in
               | his works like
               | 
               | https://www.amazon.com/Being-Event-Alain-
               | Badiou/dp/082645831...
               | 
               | It's easy to see Derrida as a bullshitter who doesn't
               | understand the texts that he abuses but hard to make the
               | criticism stick because Derrida himself is unclear and
               | hard to read.
               | 
               | Badiou clearly _does_ understand the math that he 's
               | abusing and you can't find anything really wrong with it
               | except for the idea that anyone would care about Marxism
               | when we know so much more about the science of
               | civilization now. Many people come to the conclusion that
               | Badiou is a bullshitter, but if he is a bullshitter he's
               | much more rigorous in terms of working within the systems
               | he works with and also much more clear in his exposition
               | in that you really can follow what he says.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | If Badiou derives atheism from the topless nature of
               | Nature (no universal set/set of all sets), perhaps I
               | should try to interest him in Algebraic Theology?
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41258636
               | 
               | -- Herschel, they say you don't believe in G*d?
               | 
               | -- What? Who says that?
               | 
               | -- You know, people; lots of people are saying it.
               | 
               | -- People? People say all kinds of things; you know
               | better than that. Why didn't you just ask G*d directly if
               | I believe in H*m or not?
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | I'm no Badiouian myself, however Derrida and Badiou are
               | no more difficult to read than Kant and Hegel. Just
               | because its not easy to read doesn't mean its not worth
               | your time to read.
        
       | js8 wrote:
       | I think that humanistic moral universalism (or simply humanism) -
       | a moral philosophy which is a basis for e.g. Universal
       | Declaration of Human Rights - requires the moral axiom that "not
       | hurting humans is above all else".
       | 
       | This obviously begs a question "who is considered a human?" in
       | this moral philosophy. For this to work as intended, things like
       | human cells (we can kill cells to save a human being) or
       | societies like nation states (we can destroy or mutilate states
       | to save a human being) have to be considered lesser than
       | individual humans.
       | 
       | But it gives rise to Russell-type paradox of how to include as
       | many humans as possible without creating contradictions. (A
       | similar problem is with democracy, it cannot be instituted or
       | destroyed democratically.) These logical problems seem to come
       | from the fact that you need some axioms at all. In the same way,
       | you can be "dogmatic in your non-dogmatism".
       | 
       | I also think if you accept the universalist moral position above,
       | the questioning and distrust towards experts (authorities)
       | becomes obvious conclusion. Authorities asking for humans to be
       | killed or harmed (for example, going to a war) need to provide a
       | strong justification.
       | 
       | I also consider it very doubtful that the moral universalism was
       | first invented by "Western civilization" or "enlightenment".
       | Yeah, somebody was first, but it's not that a difficult idea.
       | What might be new is the universal acceptance of it, but I am not
       | so sure when I look around.
       | 
       | However, in practice, the Russell-style paradox is rarely a
       | problem. Yeah, there are edge cases like dolphins, or
       | intellectually disabled people, but mostly we can figure it out.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | > _[moral relativism is] not that a difficult idea_
         | 
         | Eg Aristotle (ca 300BC): _Some people think that all rules of
         | justice are merely conventional, because whereas a law of
         | nature is immutable and has the same validity everywhere, as
         | fire burns both here and in Persia, rules of justice are seen
         | to vary._
         | 
         | I'd guess it was common over the last 10k years for educated
         | and/or travelled people to be aware that their neighbours had
         | different* dogmas, and in pre-colonial times (when it was far
         | more likely that these neighbours were similarly located on the
         | tech tree) the parochialism of colonialists ("Whatever happens,
         | we have got / The Maxim gun, and they have not.") would not
         | have been as facile.
         | 
         | http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%...
         | 
         | * Tacitus seems to have written _De origine et situ Germanorum_
         | partly as an objective description of germans, and partly as a
         | subjective reproach of his Roman compatriots; during the XIX
         | (which established many of the tropes we 've inherited as
         | "common knowledge") the germans flipped this around: germans
         | and french were in superpower conflict, and as the french
         | --with a significant advantage in language-- had laid claim to
         | inheriting the (centralised) Roman tradition, the germans
         | retorted by digging up all the old arguments the
         | (decentralised) greeks had made along the lines of "maybe the
         | Romans have all the money, but we've got all the culture".
         | 
         | (cf https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanns_Johst#Schlageter ; ta
         | panta Rei kai ouden menei )
        
           | js8 wrote:
           | > > [moral relativism is] not that a difficult idea
           | 
           | Actually I mean moral universalism here, but thanks for your
           | comment.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | My bad. For moral universalism, how about
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism#Non-violence_(ahimsa)
             | for an older example? (although their protected class is a
             | bit wider than humanity)
             | 
             | Looks like it goes back a ways, either infinitely (if you
             | ask the Jains) or at least thousands of years (if you ask
             | current historians), but both agree to further back than
             | the Age of Pisces covered by Brin's essay:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parshvanatha#Historicity
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | my lagniappe for you today is Jian Ai
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mohism/#inclusive
               | which probably you are familiar with but have forgotten
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | thanks for the anamnemetic reminder!
               | 
               | according to https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_gods_i
               | n_the_Investitur... the list of gods (Jiang Tai Gong Feng
               | Shen ----Lou Liao Zi Ji ) came via working group from the
               | 3 (three) religions, which doesn't seem to leave much
               | room for Mohism, but on the other hand https://en.wikiped
               | ia.org/wiki/List_of_gods_in_the_Investitur... suggests
               | that as we can't be sure the list itself hasn't been
               | tampered with, we certainly oughtn't be confident of its
               | provenance.
               | 
               | confirmed: https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng Shen Bang
               | San Bai Liu Shi Wu Wei Zheng Shen #Feng Shen Bang Que Shi
               | Wen Ti  (but unless I'm missing something, no ecumenical
               | wg mentioned in the zh. article)
        
               | kragen wrote:
               | happy to help!
               | 
               | Feng Shen Yan Yi  is from the Da Ming  though, 2000 years
               | after Qin Shi Huang  supposedly performed the Fen Shu
               | Keng Ru  and did in fact exterminate Mo Jia ; even if Xu
               | Zhong Lin  was concerned with strict historical accuracy,
               | he had no mohists to consult, and even Mo Zi  himself, if
               | he existed, would have postdated the god-making event of
               | the book anyway by nearly an entire dynasty
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | TIL; good thing I'm not around in the times of Li Si  or
               | I'd have to give up bad habits like using history to
               | criticise the present, and stick to allusions related to
               | agriculture and forestry instead?
               | 
               | [divination sounds like a good out: in actually technical
               | subjects, there'd always be a tension involved in keeping
               | the cover reading halfway coherent, but divination books
               | sound like they'd be amenable to running at nearly full
               | channel capacity: that which is bright rises twice.]
               | 
               | https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/mohism/#historical
               | makes it sound very much like they were out and out
               | geeks:
               | 
               | > _The philosophy of language, epistemology, metaphysics,
               | and science of the later Mohist Canons were recorded in
               | difficult, dense texts that would have been nearly
               | unintelligible to most readers ... The Mohists helped to
               | articulate much of the framework of classical Chinese
               | philosophical discourse while advocating a way of life so
               | at odds with most people's conception of the good life
               | that it stood little chance of ever inspiring a wide
               | following._
        
       | Freak_NL wrote:
       | David Brin is a great sci-fi author too by the way. One of the
       | few who've written about dolphins flying a spaceship.
        
         | trompetenaccoun wrote:
         | He's an expert in dolphin cognition, he's said so himself. Also
         | notice the "Ph.D." he put after his name? Don't look up what
         | that's in though, else you might wonder what astronomy and
         | electrical engineering have to do with dolphins.
        
           | yownie wrote:
           | >"I'm not a real expert," I tell them. "But the data are
           | pretty easy to interpret. I'm afraid real dolphins simply
           | aren't all that smart.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | I really liked Startide Rising for its spacefaring dolphins,
         | particularly how their attitudes contrasted with Humans' and
         | the other uplifted or alien species - great concept overall,
         | playful and sometimes poetic. And 'Earth' also had some great
         | concepts and predictions, if you discount the global war
         | against Switzerland. I didn't like 'Existence', because (to me)
         | the structure and characters seemed primarily to be a vehicle
         | for Brin to make impassioned points about humanity. They may be
         | good thought-provoking points, but they killed any suspense.
         | 
         | YMMV
        
           | WorldMaker wrote:
           | The global war against Switzerland is an interesting idea
           | because it was a Boomer "child of WW2" idea that both
           | understood banking in general as needing great reforms
           | (especially in light of stolen Nazi goods being money
           | laundered through Swiss bank accounts), and yet misunderstood
           | a few true root causes and pointed fingers in the wrong
           | directions (the money launderers at the top of the "funnel"
           | rather than the ones making the most profits). As a
           | prediction it doesn't survive things like the 2008 mortgage
           | crisis, but as a concept it was meant to signify lack of
           | certain globally-minded banking regulations and eventual
           | banking fights like the 2008 mortgage crisis and the
           | stalemate that was "Occupy Wall Street". That was certainly
           | not quite a "global war", and certainly wasn't against
           | Switzerland, but in a ballpark of what _Earth_ seemed
           | concerned with. Also  "war with Switzerland" is just a silly
           | concept for fiction whether or not it was meant to be
           | predictive.
        
         | impostervt wrote:
         | Pretty nice guy, too. Back in the early-mid 90s I was a
         | teenager and got on some kind of David Brin fan site (this may
         | have been on Prodigy it was so long ago), where the man himself
         | would sometimes reply. He once responded to a message I posted,
         | and it just about made my year.
        
         | yencabulator wrote:
         | On the contrary, I'd consider space-faring dolphins a trope.
         | 
         | https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SmartCetaceans
        
       | Simon_ORourke wrote:
       | This seems quite appropriate listening to half wits like Joe
       | Rogan giving equal weight to an expert in a given topic and then
       | cutting away unashamedly to some fruitloop with a theory that
       | would make a sane person blush.
        
         | jasonvorhe wrote:
         | I'll never get accustomed to the arrogance of people hating on
         | the intelligence of some of the most successful people in their
         | field.
         | 
         | I don't have to like JR and I'd be surprised if he wasn't a CIA
         | asset to influence public perception, but outright calling him
         | a half wit is more telling about you and than him. Your
         | reliance on titles and certified experts just exposes what's
         | wrong in a post-COVID and post-truth world.
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | I think it comes from a long experience of just how stupid
           | people often are despite all of their success. While many
           | certified experts are also often quite idiotic, particularly
           | when talking even slightly outside their fields, or when
           | parroting dogma within their field, there really seems to be
           | almost no correlation between public success and what we'd
           | normally call being smart.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | See Pauling, Shockley and Josephson for scientists who did
             | fantastic work to win a Nobel prize who then went crazy
             | with alt health, racism and psionics. Appallingly to me
             | there are people taking Penrose's "I can do math because I
             | am a thetan" seriously in another discussion running now:
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41696434
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I like the variety of Joe Rogan guests.
         | 
         | I think being able to listen to crazy viewpoints can help you
         | untangle the fluff and propaganda in not only other speakers,
         | but your own thinking.
         | 
         | also, it prevents the echo chamber effect.
        
       | schoen wrote:
       | (1986)
        
       | avazhi wrote:
       | "Answer truthfully. You all believe that widely diverse points of
       | view have merit, right?"
       | 
       | Nope.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | Not all orderings are total: just as {A} is a subset of {A,B}
         | and {A,C} but neither {A,B} nor {A,C} are subsets of the other,
         | one can consistently hold the position that point of view A is
         | inferior in merit to points of view AB and AC while neither of
         | AB or AC are inferior to the other.
        
           | avazhi wrote:
           | Sure. In many cases {A} isn't a subset of anything else,
           | though, and is merely what we might call standalone bullshit,
           | and unfortunately it's pretty prevalent these days.
        
             | tomrod wrote:
             | {A} is always a subset, by definition, of the power set.
        
       | winwang wrote:
       | Mostly tangential, but in mathematics, there are sometimes
       | "canonical" objects, typically a 'natural' viewpoint which is
       | proven to be unique and sometimes also 'universal' in a sense.
       | So, in many cases, you can rigorously prove "this is the one
       | 'best' way" (in some sense of best (in some theory)).
       | 
       | A top-of-mind example is how a tuple `(A, B)` is "obviously" the
       | (minimal) way you would have both objects A and B within one
       | object: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_(category_theory)
       | 
       | I find it interesting that the author mentions "nonscientists",
       | as those seem less likely to be equipped with the experiences of
       | simple/well-defined problems with "global optima". And in
       | mathematics, the "what if there were another way" questions get
       | followed by "suppose there were another way _W_...".
        
         | Galanwe wrote:
         | > A top-of-mind example is how a tuple `(A, B)` is "obviously"
         | the (minimal) way you would have both objects A and B within
         | one object
         | 
         | I am confused as to what that means. A and B are most likely
         | one of the thousands of possible modelisations for an abstract
         | concept I am trying to model.
         | 
         | Say I want to model a point on a plane, I could decide to model
         | it as carthesian coordinates in an (A, B) tuple, or a single
         | complex number as a scalar. The _best_ representation depending
         | on how I plan to use that point later on.
        
           | ordu wrote:
           | Complex numbers are just tuples of real numbers with some
           | rules how to add and multiply them.
        
             | MarkusQ wrote:
             | Not quite. They can be _represented_ that way (but not
             | uniquely, e.g. c=(a+bi) vs abs(c)=r, arg(c)=Th) or they can
             | be treated as fundamental (defined by axioms), or as a sub-
             | field of the quaternions, etc. If this seems
             | counterintuitive, think of how the claim that "words are
             | just sequences of letters" breaks down when you examine it
             | closely.
             | 
             | Also, I'm not seeing why a tuple (A,B) (with order) is
             | simpler than a set {A,B} or a bag [A,B].
        
               | ordu wrote:
               | _> They can be _represented_ that way (but not uniquely,
               | e.g. c=(a+bi) vs abs(c)=r, arg(c)=Th) or they can be
               | treated as fundamental (defined by axioms), or as a sub-
               | field of the quaternions, etc._
               | 
               | Hmm... If we are looking for the simpliest way, then I
               | don't think that sub-field of the quaternions is simplier
               | than tuples with definitions for operations on them: you
               | need to define quaternions for that.
               | 
               | I'm not sure about definition of complex numbers through
               | axioms. Probably it is the simplest way, because for
               | tuples you need first to define real numbers and
               | operations on them.
               | 
               |  _> Also, I 'm not seeing why a tuple (A,B) (with order)
               | is simpler than a set {A,B} or a bag [A,B]._
               | 
               | I don't see it either. It is the minimal way to define
               | complex numbers (if we have chosen this path), but why it
               | may be simpler in general case is not obvious.
               | 
               | But in any case, I agree, that the whole idea of a
               | "natural" viewpoint was not clearly stated.
        
       | trompetenaccoun wrote:
       | The idea that people in e.g. Asia don't tend to consider outside
       | viewpoints as much as Americans is so absurd I'm not even sure
       | what to say. If anything it's the opposite, but Westerners are
       | too full of themselves to notice. It would require a genuine
       | interest and to a degree immersion in foreign cultures.
       | Prevailing Western ideology does not permit for that.
       | 
       | To give just one example, people in China know much more about
       | the US and its culture than vice versa. If America were really a
       | questioning culture, it would be reversed.
        
         | mc32 wrote:
         | Do you mean some city folk or people in the hinterlands who've
         | never seen any kind of foreigner ever in their lives?
        
           | benfortuna wrote:
           | I would think most are familiar with American television, or
           | other cultural symbols like Coca Cola. Regardless of where
           | they live.
           | 
           | Whether or not that equates to understanding American culture
           | I can't say..
        
             | gus_massa wrote:
             | My daughter [in Argentina] knows more about Halloween than
             | about the local Independence Day. Every kids show in
             | Netflix has a special episode about Halloween.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | This not an apt comparison. Else we could say American
               | kids know more about Anime than about our Independence
               | Day. Kids like kid things.
               | 
               | I doubt people in the Podunks of interior China have much
               | awareness of what the US is about other than what their
               | official propaganda tells them.
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | This sounds like an easily testable proposition... (for
               | someone with better hanzi-fu than I?)
               | 
               | EDIT: ok, so I was just on douyin.com (seeded with what
               | deepl told me were "farmer" and "opinion of american
               | people") and there's a fair amount of official line
               | delivered by news commentators, a fair amount of not-the-
               | best-of-the-Old-Country phone footage that's been
               | helpfully subtitled in chinese, and not infrequent tubes
               | of chinese-on-the-street commenting about the US or
               | interviews in the US, eg
               | https://www.douyin.com/video/7253009716257836347
               | 
               | (the latter two categories are easy to spot because
               | they've been subtitled in english as well as chinese, but
               | I'm most curious about if the people standing in front of
               | tractors while speaking their bit are ranting as their
               | stateside counterparts often seem to be?)
               | 
               | Anyone with better language skills have a better site, or
               | better query?
               | 
               | EDIT2: finally found the deep link: just click X to
               | dismiss the QR code popup; no idea what that may be...
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | There are companies in germany that sell red plastic cups
               | in case you wish to throw an "American" theme party.
        
               | mc32 wrote:
               | That's great; we also have "Oktoberfests" and drink from
               | big mugs. What does that mean; we know German politics or
               | at least royal traditions?
        
               | 082349872349872 wrote:
               | That means that, beyond all the movies, although germans
               | have been watching Magnum, The Denver Clan, The Duke
               | Brothers, etc. I doubt their american counterparts have
               | been watching DSDS, Die Rosenheim-Cops, GZSZ, usw.
               | 
               | They're not buying red cups because they've heard about
               | them, or have seen them on product tie-ins; they buy them
               | because _the american media they consume_ includes them,
               | and red plastic drinking cups stand out as something
               | _peculiarly_ american.
        
         | 082349872349872 wrote:
         | Any suggestions for entry points into chinese culture (beyond
         | the 1961 Da Nao Tian Gong )?
         | 
         | As an american, who had never met _anyone_ from a Warsaw Pact*
         | country until the very late 1980s, I was very amused to run
         | across a bemulleted late soviet boy band video (1988?)
         | prominently including a Dick Dale and the Deltones t-shirt:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dezX61f3Ycg&t=87s
         | 
         | * I had played Tetris and with Rubik's Cube, so there was a
         | small amount of cultural influence coming the other way
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | (On the theme of fantastic fiction)
           | 
           | It's remarkably hard to find good translations of classic
           | Chinese works such as _The Investiture of the Gods_ , though
           | there is
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.com/Tales-Teahouse-Retold-Investiture-
           | God...
           | 
           | China is having its best success with video games like
           | _Genshin Impact_ but I 'd highly recommend the 2010 _Three
           | Kingdoms_
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL33A390995E9A7F00
           | 
           | (you'd never see tough legendary warriors in western culture
           | cry the way the heroes do in that show)
           | 
           | Also there is
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ne_Zha_(2019_film)
           | 
           | which is pretty good despite being packed with the same kind
           | of fart jokes you'd expect in a Dreamworks movie.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | (thanks for the jade!)
             | 
             | TIL why I also got CGI results when I had earlier been
             | searching for Jiang Ziya.
             | 
             | [In a Super Dimension Fortress crossover, the singer would
             | get a chorus of oboeteimasuka while the old man destroys
             | the staircase?]
             | 
             | Lagniappe: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CToPsT1UF10
             | 
             | EDIT: for western weeping: porque no El Cid?
        
         | rendall wrote:
         | > _The idea that people in e.g. Asia don 't tend to consider
         | outside viewpoints as much as Americans is so absurd I'm not
         | even sure what to say._
         | 
         | That is indeed an absurd idea. Fortunately, that's not what he
         | wrote. He wrote that considering all points of view _to have
         | merit_ is a liberal Western value.
         | 
         | >> _' There's always another way of looking at things' is a
         | basic assumption of a great many Americans... as a truly
         | pervasive set of assumptions, it's pretty much a liberal
         | Western, even American, tradition..."_
         | 
         | At least, it was more true in 1986. Now the pendulum seems to
         | be swinging away.
        
           | bbor wrote:
           | In what way can you consider a point of view without
           | considering it to have merit? He's not discussing relativism
           | (everyone is right about everything), just social evaluation
           | of epistemological credentials. Aka "merit".
           | 
           | Re: the broader question of "are/were Americans the most
           | scientifically minded culture", I'd like to see some more
           | rigorous evidence than "think of ancient Chinese emperors".
           | Or, for that matter, "equatorial cultures tend to promote
           | violence"??
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | You can regard other POVs as a potential threat to your own
             | hegemony, and thus feel the need to study them to
             | understand how that threat may play out. Doing so does not
             | inherently accord them any merit.
        
             | rendall wrote:
             | Brin wrote:
             | 
             | >> _" You all believe that widely diverse points of view
             | have merit, right?"_
             | 
             | I wrote "consider" using it in the sense of "to believe"
             | rather than "to evaluate". "Consider" was my word. Brin
             | used "believe".
             | 
             | And, I do believe he was talking about cultural relativism.
             | That specific phrase has unpleasant philosophical and moral
             | booby traps, however, so the left-leaning intelligentsia
             | and fellow travelers of the time ignored these traps by
             | subscribing to the concept without actually using the term.
        
         | QuadmasterXLII wrote:
         | Brin isn't making any point about knowledge- in fact acquiring
         | unfiltered knowledge of the other is a risky move in the dogma
         | of otherness, as you may find something you don't like. Knowing
         | something about the other that you don't like is of course
         | devastating to your social status. His central example of the
         | dolphins clearly demonstrates this distinction- the dolphin
         | scientists are not popular with the crowd.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | I got sucked into Japanese animation because it seemed to be
         | culturally richer, in shows like _Urusei Yatsura_ and _Nadia:
         | Secret of Blue Water_ I found a mash-up of western culture (UY
         | has the same epistemology as Marvel comics) as well as
         | traditional Japanese, Chinese and Indian cultures.
         | 
         | Later I came to understanding _Nadia 's_ trick of continuous
         | expansion was itself a trick similar to the Shepard Tone. And
         | now I see every anime as being made by shredding up previous
         | anime into parts and reassembling them. In _The Melancholy of
         | Haruhi Suzumiya_ there is the term Bi Suo Kong Jian  which is
         | translated as  "Closed space" and if I was going to write a
         | blog about anime now I would use that as the title because that
         | is exactly what anime is. Haruhi is bored of the real world in
         | all its richness so she makes up a dreary place which actually
         | a lot smaller.
         | 
         | In anime and Japanese video games I see a number of different
         | registers of morality. In games like _Tales of Symphonia_ and
         | _Hyperdimension Neptunia_ it is common for principal
         | adversaries to become members of the party and in mahou shojou
         | anime like _Sailor Moon_ and _Precure_ it 's not an unusual
         | subplot for enemies to attempt infiltrating the social group of
         | the heroines and wind up being domesticated by the little
         | rituals of Japanese life. In the 2010s most _Issekai_ have a
         | swordsman who, when asked why he fights, says something about
         | the need for the strong to fight to protect the weak while some
         | bad guy says that the strong have the moral imperative to crush
         | the weak. Nietzsche would call the first  "slave morality" and
         | the latter "master morality" -- it's not plausible that
         | Castenada's Don Juan would have been as steeped in continental
         | philosophy as he was because contemporary Asians sure are
         | exposed to the ideas of the west.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | Before understanding Japanese culture through anime,
           | understand western culture through Cartoon Network.
        
             | 082349872349872 wrote:
             | Were I to wish* to learn american culture, Archer might be
             | a productive entry point.
             | 
             | * this is a counterfactual: I was "soaking in it"
        
             | sangnoir wrote:
             | The Classic American animated show _Spongebob Squarepants_
             | is particularly emblematic of western values, particularly
             | on the themes of self-reliance, and the importance of fast
             | food restaurants as the second (or third) space. In this
             | paper, I will argue...
        
               | nerdponx wrote:
               | You joke, but Spongebob wouldn't be nearly as funny if
               | Bikini Bottom weren't both highly absurd and highly
               | recognizable to American audiences.
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | Sure, why not?
             | 
             | American kids cartoons have a _lot_ to say about American
             | culture. Just to rattle off whatever was popular when I was
             | a kid: The Simpsons, Spongebob Squarepants, Fairly
             | Oddparents, Family Guy, South Park, Courage the Cowardly
             | Dog.
             | 
             | The fact that everything not overtly meant to be comedy is
             | imported from Japan is interesting in and of itself!
        
             | d0mine wrote:
             | Try watching something like Peppa Pig in a foreign language
             | --there is a lot of western culture in it.
        
         | AStonesThrow wrote:
         | Have you ever seen a show where the aliens come down and they
         | go, "We know all about your culture! We've been watching your
         | television shows since the 50s!" and then they act really
         | bizarrely because they have no idea what real life is like?
         | 
         | See _Galaxy Quest_ for the pinnacle of this trope.
        
         | nonameiguess wrote:
         | With all respect, it will forever endlessly bug me that
         | comments like this seem to always be the top comment on Hacker
         | News. This has virtually nothing to do with anything the author
         | of this piece is trying to say. It's more off-topic than on-
         | topic and derails the entire discussion to the point that
         | people are now talking about anime and asking for onboards to
         | learn about China.
         | 
         | Those are perfectly fine topics to discuss, but this guy was
         | talking about the disrespect for expertise. It's a feature of
         | American democracy that we believe all viewpoints to be worthy
         | of getting airtime is what he was saying. This guy giving a
         | lecture who is an expert on dolphins is telling you they almost
         | certainly can't comprehend the kind of thoughts necessary to
         | form sentences and reason linguistically, and the audience is
         | agasp because they heard differently from whatever the
         | equivalent of a random YouTube channel was in 1986, which they
         | consider to be equally authoritative because, in American
         | dogma, authority doesn't really exist. Whoever we agree to
         | elevate for a few years at a time because they won a popularity
         | contest is the authority.
         | 
         | Somebody in the audience also seems to misunderstand him and
         | brings up that Chinese civilization has equally valid points of
         | view compared to American, which I doubt this guy would say is
         | wrong and has nothing to do with his point, and you somehow
         | completely seized upon this one irrelevant detail that was
         | basically interactive happenstance, has nothing to do with the
         | point the author was really trying to make, and this is now the
         | main discussion on Hacker News rather than discussing the
         | content of the link that was submitted.
        
         | amadeuspagel wrote:
         | People in almost any country know more about about the US (and
         | China) then vice versa, because these are big powerful
         | countries.
        
         | pavon wrote:
         | Note that this was written 30 years ago based on observations
         | of people in the literary community. At the time cultural
         | relativism had become very big in academia, and would grow and
         | peak in the general liberal population over the next decade. I
         | think what he said was a fair assessment of that microcosm.
         | They were very interested in learning about other cultures and
         | were fairly unique in their wanting to hold all cultures
         | equally, although non-charitably that was often obtained by
         | adopting a filtered rose-colored view of other cultures.
         | However, Brin was overestimating how much of what he saw was a
         | reflection of general western or US population vs his
         | particular microcosm at the time. And it didn't hold in the
         | long run. Political and social dogmatism is quite high now
         | across the political spectrum in the US. Looking back, the idea
         | that this form of cultural relativism came about because we
         | were a melting-pot culture doesn't hold up well given it was
         | only popular for a decade or two out of our country's 250ish
         | years of history.
        
       | fedeb95 wrote:
       | I think this is more abstractly expressed by Lewis' Convention
       | book.
       | 
       | "Dogmas" as fulfilled expectation about other's expectation's
       | expectation (and so on recursively ad infinitum).
       | 
       | Necessary, in Lewis opinion, to solve coordination problems.
        
       | rendall wrote:
       | This was a common view back then. By 1986, Americans had long
       | been culturally and geographically insulated from other cultures
       | and nations. Post-modern philosophy was in full flower, promoting
       | the idea that no world view nor cultural practice is inferior to
       | any other. It was quite easy for the liberal wing of the American
       | intelligentsia of the time to adopt a paternalistic universalist
       | outlook, given that there were no immediate challenges to this
       | perspective. In fact, examples of conservative-driven imposition
       | of American ideals abroad were actively punished: Viet Nam,
       | Iranian Revolution, Korea, etc. The Soviet Union appeared to be
       | going strong.
       | 
       | I'd argue that the rise of the internet, 9/11, Iraq and
       | Afghanistan wars, fears of disinformation and misinformation and
       | foreign influence, bot-farms, the rise to prominance of China,
       | all put the lie to this idea that all ideas have merit. It's an
       | idea that is held by few American intellectuals these days,
       | conservative or liberal.
        
       | DavidPiper wrote:
       | > to look, as a species, into the mirror and see neither Lord of
       | Creation nor Worldbane, but merely the first of many in the world
       | to rise to the role of caretaker.
       | 
       | I came to the same conclusion recently. As a species we have
       | almost total control over earth. Caretaker - or BDFL if you
       | prefer - seems to be the only viable long-term role for our
       | species at this scale.
       | 
       | Whether or not we're heading in that direction is another
       | question. But it's interesting to watch nations, societies,
       | businesses, etc, attempt to build sustainable structures and
       | lives for their constituents using the power structures they
       | believe best. A microcosm of the same problem on a smaller scale.
       | 
       | It's not super encouraging how many different civilisations,
       | societies and commercial enterprises have died and failed before
       | us, but maybe diversity and resilience go hand-in-hand, and those
       | values are how we need to approach the natural world we now
       | control.
       | 
       | Of course, that all sounds a bit like the self-serving Dogma of
       | Otherness, and another example of the double-standard in
       | philosophy that "values that prioritise others actually elevate
       | myself with their nobility".
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | > but maybe diversity and resilience go hand-in-hand
         | 
         | As long as the values that are against resilience are not part
         | of that diversity...
         | 
         | I'll say, I have no idea how to get anything close to
         | sustainability from a human society. Thankfully, making
         | something that can last for a few centuries looks like a much
         | easier problem.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | My first take was it's another case of sci fi fans discovering
       | that the author doesn't believe in the stuff they write.
       | 
       | Charles Stross confessed that he doesn't believe in space
       | colonization and interstellar travel. As a non-fiction author
       | Issac Asimov railed against the belief in ESP although he wrote
       | as many trashy stories about ESP as any author had to to get
       | published in the Campbell era. Maybe Heinlein never broke
       | character or maybe his combination of earnestness and naivety was
       | real (and provided future authors such as Haldeman a chance to
       | write stories somewhere between a homage and refutation such as
       | _The Forever War_ and _Worlds_ ) Never mind the writers of
       | fantastic fiction masquerading as non-fiction such as Lily,
       | Castenada, Roberts, etc.
       | 
       | To be a fan of fantastic fiction (sci-fi, fantasy, comic books,
       | etc.) you have to be able to hold an imaginary world and its
       | rules in your mind and take it seriously enough to care what
       | happens to the characters. A certain kind of pornography can
       | interest people for a while without any conflict but _Superman_
       | would be entirely uninteresting if he didn 't have meaningful
       | limitations or worthy adversaries. (And he struggles... in
       | _Superman Returns_ he rescues people who are launching a freaking
       | space shuttle (unsafe at any speed to begin with) off a
       | commercial airliner. I 'm sorry if your judgement is that bad you
       | don't deserve to get rescued.)
       | 
       | A good example of a 'serious' short story is _The Cold Equations_
       | 
       | https://www.lightspeedmagazine.com/fiction/the-cold-equation...
       | 
       | where the story depends on believing certain constraints about
       | space travel. The more fantastic it gets the more you're going to
       | think it's silly unless you've got the ability to jump into a
       | counterfactual world with both feet.
        
         | gwern wrote:
         | > Cliff Stoll confessed that he doesn't believe in space
         | colonization and interstellar travel.
         | 
         | Perhaps you mean Charles Stross?
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | You're right! This has been corrected. Thanks!
        
         | the_af wrote:
         | Hey, don't disparage Asimov's _Foundation_ stories! It 's true
         | Asimov was an atheist and also stood against pseudoscience, but
         | his stories are not trash! ;)
         | 
         | > _Charles Stross confessed that he doesn 't believe in space
         | colonization and interstellar travel_
         | 
         | I've never read Stross but I've experienced a similar
         | dissonance with John Scalzi's "Old Man's War" series. If you
         | stop at his first novel, you could easily believe (as I did)
         | Scalzi is pro-war and his stance is that aliens must be met
         | with firm military force "or else". He even has a token
         | pacifist self-righteous character who insists there must be
         | another way, then immediately gets torn to shreds by evil
         | aliens for his naivete (to everyone else's applause). I was
         | disgusted and ready to toss the series into the garbage bin.
         | Then... well, I'm not saying he's a good writer, but his later
         | novels in the series paint a different picture. Well done
         | fooling me, Mr Scalzi!
        
       | yldedly wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradox_of_tolerance
        
       | RHSman2 wrote:
       | A great read.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | To be honest, I posted this because I saw similar discussions
         | s/dolphin/AGI/
        
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