[HN Gopher] NotebookLM's automatically generated podcasts are su...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       NotebookLM's automatically generated podcasts are surprisingly
       effective
        
       Author : simonw
       Score  : 810 points
       Date   : 2024-09-30 02:58 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (simonwillison.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (simonwillison.net)
        
       | jmugan wrote:
       | I just made a podcast episode about my company where I work by
       | giving it the website. It was surprisingly realistic. It also
       | made me realize how empty many podcasts actually are.
       | 
       | I sent it to my colleagues telling them I "had it produced." I'll
       | reveal the truth tomorrow.
        
         | bartvk wrote:
         | Don't do this. A friend did this to me, and after listening to
         | it, I suddenly realized it was AI vomit. My friend wasted an
         | hour of my attention, and I didn't appreciate it.
        
           | GaggiX wrote:
           | If it was vomit, why did you spend an hour on it? People
           | complain about 2 minutes of audio sometimes, I cannot imagine
           | a full hour of an unknown podcast, it must have been quite
           | interesting.
        
             | Ardren wrote:
             | Because they assumed that there was a good reason that
             | their friend sent it!?
             | 
             | I had a friend who did the same to me, I was sent a message
             | asking my opinion on a tech topic. I spent 30min
             | researching/reading to make sure my reply was accurate and
             | then found out the question was generated by a LLM, and he
             | just wanted to show off how good a LLM was.
             | 
             | It will color every interaction you have with that
             | person...
        
               | GaggiX wrote:
               | If it was vomit, it will be recognized quickly, AI or
               | not, not an hour of listening for sure; yes, even if it
               | was sent by a friend.
        
               | probably_wrong wrote:
               | I think you are leaving the human out of the loop. When a
               | friend of mine recommends me something I'll lower my
               | skepticism because I'm assuming my friend would not send
               | me garbage.
               | 
               | If a random podcaster says "I've proved that P=NP" I'd
               | say "no you didn't", but if a math professor sends me
               | that same link I'll keep listening to see where this
               | goes. And I've definitely read texts making wild
               | assertions that only at the end were revealed as hit
               | pieces and/or propaganda.
        
               | GaggiX wrote:
               | Even if you think your friend would only send good
               | things, you would realize that something is vomit in less
               | than an hour. I cannot understand someone listening to
               | something for an entire hour and then whining that they
               | waste their entire hour and it was vomit, you're not in a
               | cinema, you didn't pay a ticket for it, you listen to
               | something because you like it or move on.
        
               | elpocko wrote:
               | You can argue your point all day, it will not resolve
               | their cognitive dissonance. No matter how convincing,
               | high-quality or entertaining it was, no matter for how
               | long they happily consumed the content: it's AI-
               | generated, they hate AI, therefore it's vomit, period.
        
               | drw85 wrote:
               | Maybe they thought their friend wanted feedback, or
               | something in return.
               | 
               | In that case i would listen to all of it aswell,
               | otherwise i can't give honest feedback.
        
             | Vanit wrote:
             | I read some of your other replies and I can't quite get a
             | read on your line of reasoning.
             | 
             | The issue is we would give less attention to these things
             | if it wasn't for the social credit the humans gave the
             | vomit. So we engage in good faith and it turns out it was
             | effectively a prank, and we have no choice but to value
             | requests from those people less now because it was clear
             | they didn't care about our response.
        
               | GaggiX wrote:
               | No one listens to an hour of actual vomit just because a
               | friend sent it to them, you should value your time more
               | if you do at minimum.
        
               | unraveller wrote:
               | You ever watched a reviewbrah video? he doesn't get to
               | "without any further ado" moment until after the halfway
               | point of the video. The prank is the wasted time. But the
               | joke is every other YTber does it more subversively
               | without you getting any laughs out of it. It proves we
               | give way more attention to slop then we dare to
               | calculate.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/@TheReportOfTheWeek
        
             | BaculumMeumEst wrote:
             | Probably spent an hour waiting for it to get to the good
             | part. Haha!
        
           | squigz wrote:
           | I asked a friend if they had any ideas about something, and
           | they asked an LLM, and it's like... If I wanted an LLMs
           | answer, I'd ask it myself. I want your answer, distilled
           | through your experience and opinions...
        
       | ColinEberhardt wrote:
       | I don't think this is all that impressive, the generated podcast
       | is pretty shallow - lots of 'whoa meta' and the word 'like'
       | thrown into every sentence.
       | 
       | Yes, it will generate a middle-of-the-road waffling podcast, but
       | not one with any real depth.
        
         | ranger_danger wrote:
         | I was blown away by how impressive it was. I honestly thought
         | it was real. I still can't believe these realistic audio
         | capabilities are not being used for pure evil everywhere we
         | look.
         | 
         | > like thrown into every sentence
         | 
         | I think that's actually part of _why_ it sounds real, because
         | tons of people do actually talk like that.
         | 
         | To me what would make it even better is the ability to throw in
         | random jokes and utilize information about their surroundings
         | and recent events.
         | 
         | I have been using MeloTTS for text-to-speech and I thought that
         | was about the best we could do right now, but apparently I was
         | very wrong. Is there an offline model one can download today
         | that sounds as good as this NotebookLM?
        
           | JonathanFly wrote:
           | Bark can sound as good, but Google is using SoundStorm which
           | was specifically trained on dialogs. Surprisingly Bark can
           | even sort of match it without being trained to do so, but not
           | reliably.
           | (https://x.com/jonathanfly/status/1675987073893904386)
           | 
           | And SoundStorm has more than twice the context window of Bark
           | so dialogs are a tight fit.
        
             | ranger_danger wrote:
             | I just tried the default bark.cpp example from the github
             | readme, and to me it still doesn't sound close enough to
             | realistic, and the audio quality itself was a bit
             | scratchy... maybe I'm doing something wrong.
             | 
             | When I tried my own text with it, it went completely off
             | the rails... skipping completely over random words, and
             | also switching to different voices in the middle of a
             | sentence. Trying to run the large model also crashed
             | entirely.
        
               | JonathanFly wrote:
               | You aren't doing anything wrong - Bark out the box uses a
               | randomly generated voice and I like to think it's
               | modeling the world of random voices which includes bad
               | microphones/audio-quality. (Even bad 'actors' - see how
               | many Bark voices sound like they are reading a script.)
               | 
               | Presumably it was trained in noisy data. But it can
               | generate and use a clean voice, they are in there. Most
               | of the Suno default voices are not great either - but a
               | great voice can sound perfectly clear. I haven't done
               | much with Bark lately but on my Twitter there's plenty of
               | clear examples of very realistic voices. Actually here I
               | ran a prompt based on some copy and pasted test 20 times
               | in Bark. I put a couple better results up front, but even
               | in later samples you can find lots of evidence of human-
               | sounding voices. https://sndup.net/bzhz5/
               | 
               | Going off the rails and hallucinating is a hard problem.
               | It can be minimized, but probably would have to solved
               | with simple brute force (check the output with S2T and
               | retry if needed.)
               | 
               | For raw audio you can replace the final decoding step
               | with something like VOCOS or MBD if you want to maximize
               | audio quality, though you don't need do with the best
               | voices.
        
         | GaggiX wrote:
         | It already feels more nuanced than the usual podcast.
        
         | CGamesPlay wrote:
         | This was exactly my reaction to listening to the example
         | podcast. Although, I wonder if the base material weren't so
         | meta-level product overview, maybe it would be better. I do
         | think the liveliness of the conversation was good
         | (interjections, tonal variety, etc), so at least parts of the
         | demo are impressive.
        
         | roywiggins wrote:
         | The content is nothing that special these days, you could get
         | it out of Gemini or Claude probably- but the audio affect is
         | awfully convincing.
         | 
         | You can compare it to Google's Illuminate which also generates
         | conversations by summarizing texts but in a much straighter,
         | less fluffy way. It's less shallow but in some ways less
         | compelling:
         | 
         | https://illuminate.google.com/home
        
           | macawfish wrote:
           | This is awesome, thanks for sharing
        
         | infogulch wrote:
         | Look I agree with you at a certain level, maybe it can't
         | emulate deep conversations about big topics (maybe it can, I
         | haven't seen an attempt...), but a vast _vast_ majority of
         | podcasts and radio shows are just like this: shallow and
         | incredibly simplified with no more than a nod to the underlying
         | concepts. 70% personality, 20% dumb analogies that the producer
         | thought up in thirty minutes, and  <10% actually communicating
         | the material is standard fare for normie podcasts, sadly.
         | 
         | Honestly, given the personalization maybe it's a net
         | improvement.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | Summarizing Wikipedia pages has been gotten down to a
           | science, both for podcasts and YouTube explainer videos. This
           | just makes it easier!
        
           | ranger_danger wrote:
           | Agreed... and no offense to OP but I am now questioning just
           | how in touch with modern society they really are.
           | 
           | Would they also observe a rocket launch from the grounds of
           | the space center and go "eh, not really impressive" ?
           | 
           | Or maybe they are just defining "impressive" as something
           | totally different to what we're thinking.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | Probably acquainted with <<modern society>> and a bit edgy
             | in the nerves about it.
             | 
             | Probably calling "impressive" something which adds value
             | and does not suggest eerie bits.
             | 
             | Sam Altman: <<They laughed at us... Well they are not
             | laughing now, are they>>. No, but a different kind of
             | "serious" was raised.
        
           | djur wrote:
           | Kind of feels like looking at an overflowing landfill and
           | thinking "I wonder if we can invent a robot that just
           | generates new trash directly into the landfill".
        
             | squigz wrote:
             | This holier than thou attitude that crops up in these
             | threads is so annoying, as if people wanting to casually
             | enjoy a mediocre podcast or radio show on the 1 hour
             | commute to their shitty job is a crime.
        
               | klabb3 wrote:
               | I don't think anyone cares about other people's cheap
               | pleasures. What people do care about is the displacement
               | of quality and craft. For instance, you could say the
               | same thing about the state of the web - say when
               | searching for recipes. Maybe some people like the ads,
               | the consent forms, the backstories? Why so purist? Isn't
               | it nice with a bit of scrolling and getting in the mood
               | for cooking with a bit of SEO?
               | 
               | Defending craftsmen and attention to detail is not just
               | about purism or gatekeeping. I appreciate _people who
               | care_ , even in fields I don't personally care about
               | (yet?). The professor who annoyingly insists on making
               | sure every student "really gets it", or the woodworker
               | who is adamant about what joints are superior, or the
               | kernel hacker who maintains rigor in face of hundreds of
               | feature requests. The integrity of professionals can make
               | or break institutions.
               | 
               | With AI reducing the effort to create garbage to the
               | point of commoditization, people have a right, and
               | arguably even an obligation, to be concerned. Remember,
               | tech doesn't follow potential, it follows incentive.
        
               | GeoAtreides wrote:
               | not a crime, more like an act of self harm
        
               | squigz wrote:
               | You and GP are so cool and enlightened. Please teach me
               | your ways o wise ones.
        
         | abraxas wrote:
         | At the risk of sounding cliche but this is the worst this tech
         | will ever be. I find it equally scary and fascinating what lies
         | ahead.
        
         | shreezus wrote:
         | I think it's "impressive" the first time you use it, but with
         | subsequent runs it's evident how formulaic it is. The end
         | result, the personalities of the podcast "hosts" and their
         | interactions are similar regardless of the context of inputs.
         | 
         | Basically it's a neat party trick at the moment. I do hope to
         | see it improve however!
        
         | shepherdjerred wrote:
         | It's incredible how high our expectations have become which
         | really is a testament to the rapid development of AI.
        
           | NitpickLawyer wrote:
           | Right?! We call this goalpost moving now, but it is not a new
           | phenomena.
           | 
           | > It is interesting that nowadays, practically no one feels
           | that sense of awe any longer - even when computers perform
           | operations that are incredibly more sophisticated than those
           | which sent thrills down spines in the early days. The once-
           | exciting phrase "Giant Electronic Brain" remains only as a
           | sort of "camp" cliche, a ridiculous vestige of the era of
           | Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers. It is a bit sad that we become
           | blase so quickly.
           | 
           | > There is a related "Theorem" about progress in AI: once
           | some mental function is programmed, people soon cease to
           | consider it as an essential ingredient of "real thinking".
           | The ineluctable core of intelligence is always in that next
           | thing which hasn't yet been programmed. This "Theorem" was
           | first proposed to me by Larry Tesler, so I call it Tesler's
           | Theorem: "Al is whatever hasn't been done yet."
           | 
           | This quote is from the 80s, from GEB by Douglas Hofstadter.
           | 
           | (and btw, I just took a grainy, poorly-lit picture from the
           | book, and could automagically select the text from it, since
           | I couldn't find the quote online. Imagine that tech in the
           | 80s. Hell, it was bad even in the 2000s, with OCR being hit
           | and miss for a long time. Now it "just works".)
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | I think this is just general human behavior.
             | 
             | Think about how comfortable your life is, and how the 17th
             | century version of yourself would kill to live it. Then
             | think about how you aren't in a perpetual state of ecstasy
             | for being given this life.
             | 
             | People quickly adapt to their current circumstances, take
             | them for granted, and immediately want more.
        
         | Kiro wrote:
         | Imagine showing this and your comment to someone 5 years ago.
        
         | surfingdino wrote:
         | It doesn't matter. It will become a carrier for ads and that's
         | all that matters to those who use NotebookML to generate those
         | podcasts.
        
           | whamlastxmas wrote:
           | Would be easy to take ad filled podcast transcript and re
           | generate it without the ads
        
         | vessenes wrote:
         | To me, that's just how they tuned the 'audience' of the
         | podcast, which I think we can imagine was at least partly
         | informed by the 'audience' IRL podcasts are named at. I, too
         | would like to be able to 'turn up the technical' on these, but
         | for example, I dumped a paper about a latchless mutexless work
         | distribution algorithm into it, which I had read but still had
         | questions about, and the podcast accurately summarized,
         | simplified it, and got my questions answered, which I then
         | validated later by re-reading the paper. It was faster than
         | combing through the paper would have been.
        
       | gnabgib wrote:
       | Related discussion _NotebookLM is quite powerful and worth
       | playing with_ (54 points, 11 hours ago, 21 comments)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=41688804
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | This is impressive from a technical point of view and probably
       | useful from an educational one; I really like the idea that a
       | piece of text can be transformed into any kind of media format
       | easily, depending on your preferences. As recently as a year ago
       | I was using Apple's text to speech tool to listen to Wikipedia
       | articles while biking, and needless to say, they weren't very
       | exciting to listen to.
       | 
       | But I don't think it's much of a threat to actual podcasts, which
       | tend to be successful because of the personalities of the hosts
       | and guests, and not because of the information they contain.
       | 
       | Which leads me to hope that the next versions of Notebook will
       | allow more customization of the speakers' voices, tone, education
       | level, etc.
        
         | ilaksh wrote:
         | It would be ideal if they made the SoundStorm model available
         | via API.
        
         | JimDabell wrote:
         | > But I don't think it's much of a threat to actual podcasts,
         | which tend to be successful because of the personalities of the
         | hosts and guests, and not because of the information they
         | contain.
         | 
         | I wonder if any "blended" podcasts will pop up, where a human
         | host uses a tool like this for an artificial cohost.
        
           | Merik wrote:
           | Latent Space AI Engineering podcast does this with an AI
           | cohost; mostly for intros and segues. A recent episode used
           | it to summarise a Twitter AMA and while it's usually used to
           | good effect, that one was one of the first episodes the
           | quality of the co host part was lacking, as it mispronounced
           | things, and was a bit muddled in parts. That said, the
           | podcast has been an incredibly useful and insightful regular
           | listen for me.
        
             | swyx wrote:
             | hey that was me! yeah we've been amping up the ai content
             | in the pod as you see, hopefully experimenting in tasteful
             | ways.
             | 
             | I'm not super proud of the Twitter AMA one and if u listen
             | back now i fixed many of the bad cutovers. I doubt i'll
             | repeat it again on current tech.
             | 
             | thank you for listening! feedback and ideas welcome.
        
         | someothherguyy wrote:
         | I think something like a Socratic dialog option would be useful
         | as well.
        
         | crabmusket wrote:
         | Being able to automate words, I think, will reveal how
         | important actual human connection is.
         | 
         | > We always start with a clear overview of the topic, you know,
         | setting the stage. You're never left wondering, "What am I even
         | listening to?" And then from there, it's all about maintaining
         | a neutral stance, especially when it comes to, let's say,
         | potentially controversial topics.
         | 
         | Oh yeah, this is exactly why I listen to Oxide's podcast! (This
         | is a joke. They often launch into topics with no explanation or
         | context, and are unabashedly opinionated.)
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | AI content emulates the "production values" of high quality
       | content, but it doesn't actually have the quality of the content
       | it's emulating. This is why it seems impressive at first and can
       | even fool people for quite a while. It fools our brains'
       | heuristics for detecting good content. But when you examine it
       | closely, the illusion falls apart. NotebookLM is not different
       | than other generative AI products in this respect.
       | 
       | I do think that this will change in the not too distant future.
       | OpenAI's o1 is a step in the direction we need to go. It will
       | take a lot more test-time compute to produce content that has
       | high quality to match its high production values.
        
       | JonathanFly wrote:
       | Lawncareguy85, the creator of the viral "Podcasters discover they
       | are AI" podcast has some other fun creations in this thread:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/notebooklm/comments/1fs7ka3/noteboo...
        
       | 8f2ab37a-ed6c wrote:
       | I really, really hope they keep investing into NotebookLM and
       | expand its ability to source more types of files, including
       | codebases, complex websites etc. Feels really powerful for
       | anybody studying or consulting many different clusters of
       | learning materials at once.
        
         | zerop wrote:
         | People have tried it on codebases,
         | https://x.com/rseroter/status/1836519803802259732
        
       | whyenot wrote:
       | This is amazing. I uploaded the instruction manual for a
       | Scholander pressure chamber (a piece of equipment for measuring
       | plant moisture stress) and made a podcast from it. The
       | information in the podcast was accurate, it included some light
       | banter and jokes, while still getting across the important topics
       | in the instructions. I don't know what I would use a podcast like
       | this for, but the fact that something like this can be created
       | without human intervention in just a few minutes is jaw dropping,
       | and maybe also just a teeny bit scary.
        
         | bbor wrote:
         | Yeah I totally get people's criticisms that the podcasts aren't
         | quite human-expert-level in terms of symbolic reasoning, but
         | this still blows my mind. The intuitive skill these show, not
         | to mention the ability to accurately (again, if shallowly)
         | parse and transform huge bodies of content in seconds is
         | _absolutely_ scary, IMO.
         | 
         | I'd feed it the Singularity paper, but I'm not sure I need that
         | extra boost of anxiety these days...
         | 
         | https://edoras.sdsu.edu/~vinge/misc/singularity.html
        
           | andrepd wrote:
           | This isn't "quite expert-level in terms of symbolic
           | reasoning" in the same way as a soapbox isn't "quite a
           | formula 1"
        
             | aithrowawaycomm wrote:
             | The symbolic reasoning is flawed but okay - the problem
             | comes about because 99% of human reasoning is not symbolic.
        
             | bbor wrote:
             | We accidentally invented general models that can coherently
             | muse about the philosophical beliefs of Gilles Deleuze at
             | length, and accurately, based on two full books that they
             | summarized. You can be cynical until your dying day, that's
             | your right -- but I highly recommend letting that fact be a
             | little bit impressive, someday. There's no way you live
             | through any event that's more historically significant,
             | other than perhaps an apocalypse or two.
             | 
             | In other words: soapbox is presumably some sort of toy car
             | that goes 15mph, and formula 1 goes up above 150mph at
             | least (as you can tell, I'm not a car guy). If you have any
             | actual scientific argument as to why a model that can score
             | 90-100 on a typical IQ test has only 1/10th the symbolic
             | reasoning skills of a human, I'd love to eat my words!
             | Maybe on some special highly iterative, deliberation-based
             | task?
        
         | cainxinth wrote:
         | > I don't know what I would use a podcast like this for...
         | 
         | Say you need to read those instructions, but it's also really
         | nice out and you want to go for a jog: two birds, one stone.
        
       | ddmma wrote:
       | NotebookLM on everyone lips, so these are llm powered notebooks
       | ?!
        
       | wenbin wrote:
       | Do people actually enjoy this type of AI-generated "podcasts" vs
       | human-produced shows?
       | 
       | As a podcast listener, I lose interest if I can tell the audio is
       | AI-generated...
        
         | NitpickLawyer wrote:
         | If you had received one of these podcasts, say 3-5 years ago, I
         | guarantee you wouldn't be able to tell it's AI generated. And
         | I'm willing to bet it's valid for 90%+ of the people here, even
         | those heavily involved in the field. The quality of the voices,
         | the mimicking of umms, and ahhs, the subtle speaking over each
         | other, they really are extremely impressive.
         | 
         | If you want you can do a test with people that haven't heard
         | about the tech. Have it generate something you know they'll
         | enjoy, maybe 2-3 min long, and have them listen to it without
         | knowing it's AI generated. Ask them about the subject, and see
         | if anyone mentions anything about being fake. You'll be
         | surprised.
        
           | kombookcha wrote:
           | > 3-5 years ago, I guarantee you wouldn't be able to tell
           | it's AI generated
           | 
           | You would however be able to tell that it was extremely
           | obnoxious and bland, and without the novelty of the technical
           | trick, you would not be listening to it.
        
             | Kiro wrote:
             | Not true. I gave it a few documents and webpages of things
             | I'm interested in and it was surprisingly engaging.
        
               | kombookcha wrote:
               | I strongly doubt that you're gonna be listening to this
               | stuff recreationally once the novelty wears off, but if
               | I'm wrong and you actually enjoy listening to two robots
               | pretend to be excited about your documents and webpages
               | long term, then have fun with that I guess.
        
         | abraxas wrote:
         | would you know it's AI if you didn't know going into it?
        
         | emsixteen wrote:
         | > As a podcast listener, I lose interest if I can tell the
         | audio is AI-generated...
         | 
         | I've never naturally come across a podcast that's AI generated
         | to have this reaction.
        
         | Quothling wrote:
         | I'm not really a podcast listener. I've listened to maybe 20 of
         | over the past decade, but I sometimes hear my wife listen to
         | some. I honestly couldn't tell that this one was AI generated
         | and it wasn't immediately obvious (for me) from the site
         | either. So I spent a few minutes making sure it actually was
         | AI. To me it sounded a lot like most of the English podcasts my
         | wife has listened to, a lot of those true crime ones and it
         | frankly could easily have been one of the tech podcast that
         | I've listened to over the years.
         | 
         | I imagine it'll be even harder to know if regular pod casters
         | feed the AI a few episode they've made, to make it learn how to
         | talk like they do. Like, would you really know if your true
         | crime pod casters skipped a week if the AI sounded like them? I
         | guess I don't really fall into the category for your question
         | as I'm not a pod cast listener.
        
         | thih9 wrote:
         | I think that's the point - it's increasingly more difficult to
         | tell whether the content or parts of it are AI generated.
        
       | timoth3y wrote:
       | NotebookLM's is incredibly good at generating the affect and
       | structure of a quality podcast.
       | 
       | This is in-line with all art, music, and video created by LMM at
       | the moment. They are imitating a structure and affect, the
       | quality of the content is largely irrelevant.
       | 
       | I think the interesting thing is that most people don't really
       | care, and AI is not to blame for that.
       | 
       | Most books published today have the affect of a book, but the
       | author doesn't really have anything to say. Publishing a book is
       | not about communicating ideas, but a means to something else.
       | It's not meant to stand on its own.
       | 
       | The reason so much writing, podcasting, and music is vulnerable
       | to AI disruption is that quality has already become secondary.
        
         | peutetre wrote:
         | But why would I buy those books or listen to those podcasts
         | that are synthetic affectations of no substance?
        
           | jcims wrote:
           | I've probably bought ten books in the last five years that
           | I've never read.
           | 
           | I've heard at least one ad from dozens (probably a hundred)
           | podcast episodes that I didn't finish.
        
           | timoth3y wrote:
           | In the case of those books and podcasts, who cares if you
           | read or listen to them? The point is that the books are sold
           | and make the right lists. The point is that the podcasts are
           | downloaded so ads can be sold or that vanity numbers can be
           | reported.
           | 
           | In terms of such music and films (whether created by human or
           | AI) sometimes it's just because we are social creatures and
           | need shared experiences to talk with others about.
        
             | peutetre wrote:
             | But knowing it's synthetic, why would you buy the book or
             | listen to the podcast in the first place? There's nothing
             | social or shared in a synthetic affectation.
        
               | corysama wrote:
               | In an ideal world, I would sit down with an espresso or a
               | beer, and review collections of research papers on a
               | regular basis.
               | 
               | In reality, between work, sleep and family, I rarely have
               | anything resembling that kind of time and mental energy
               | reserve available.
               | 
               | But, what I can afford is to listen to podcasts while
               | doing other things. Doing that gives me enough of an
               | overview to keep up with a general topic and find new
               | topics that might be worth investing into deeper.
               | 
               | Wouldn't it be great if someone made a podcast channel
               | specifically for "Papers corysama wants to hear about at
               | this moment"? I think so. Apparently, so do a lot of
               | other people. But, they don't want to list to my specific
               | channel.
        
           | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
           | I wouldn't read an AI-generated book (except maybe once as a
           | curiosity), but I would definitely listen to AI-generated
           | music if it were good enough.
           | 
           | Reading a book is a time investment so I want it to convey
           | the thoughts of another human being, otherwise it would feel
           | like wasting my time. Listening to music, on the other hand,
           | often is something that I do while I exercise, to keep a
           | brisk pace and not get bored. As long as it sounds good, fits
           | the genres and styles I like and is upbeat enough for
           | exercising, I wouldn't have much of a problem with AI music -
           | maybe it would even be a plus, since there are some specific
           | music genres where I have already listened to pretty much
           | everything there is (and no more is being made), and it would
           | be great to have more.
           | 
           | I don't listen to podcasts, but I suppose in that case it
           | depends on how you do so: devoting your full time and
           | attention like a book, or as a background while you do
           | something else like exercise music? As far as I know, many
           | listeners are in the latter case, so I don't see why they
           | wouldn't listen to AI podcasts.
        
             | djur wrote:
             | There's background sounds and there's music. Music can
             | communicate as much as the written word. I've listened to
             | algorithmically generated bloop-blops and it's fine for
             | background sound, but if it can't touch my heart it's not
             | really music to me.
        
               | lugu wrote:
               | To me, as soon as I know it was fully generated it looses
               | it's magic. It doesn't matter how good it is.
               | 
               | I see the same with potteries. A factory made pot cannot
               | have more value than a hand made pot with the signature
               | of a human. This touches the very fabric of society. Hard
               | to explain.
        
             | MrScruff wrote:
             | I think it comes down to your area of interest. As a
             | musician and music lover, I spend a significant amount of
             | time trying to find or create music that is both original
             | and good. AI generated music can be a competent imitation
             | of well established ideas and forms, but that's of zero
             | value to me - I'm not looking for 'more of the same' -
             | quite the opposite.
        
               | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
               | Of course. In my case, I'm not saying that I could do
               | with AI music in any context either. Sometimes I play
               | music in the living room, and I pay real attention to it,
               | obviously AI won't do there. But when I'm using the music
               | just as a background for exercising? Then sure, why not.
        
               | grugagag wrote:
               | So you're basically saying filler music, elevator music,
               | backgrouound noise or whatever names it may come under.
               | Since there's already so much of it out there and since
               | AI one isn't novel in any way, I have a hard time
               | understanding why you'd choose AI generated one.
        
             | llmfan wrote:
             | LLMs are already better than books for exploring some
             | ideas. But in conversation form.
             | 
             | Until we get better versions of o1 that can generate
             | insights over days and then communicate them in book form
             | the loss of interactivity and personalisation makes LLM
             | books pointless.
        
             | devb wrote:
             | > I would definitely listen to AI-generated music if it
             | were good enough
             | 
             | Why not just seek out the original works that the AI stole
             | from?
        
               | CaptainFever wrote:
               | Because that's not how it works.
        
               | devb wrote:
               | Yes it is. How else are they "trained?"
        
           | JonathanFly wrote:
           | >But why would I buy those books or listen to those podcasts
           | that are synthetic affectations of no substance?
           | 
           | A randomly selected NotebookLM podcast is probably not
           | substantial enough on its own. But with human curation, a
           | carefully prompted and cherry-picked NotebookLM podcast could
           | be pretty good.
           | 
           | Or without curation, I would use this on a long drive where
           | audio was the only option to get a quick survey of a bunch of
           | material.
        
           | llmthrow102 wrote:
           | That's the same question I have. There is already a ton of
           | great podcasts/music/everything in the niches that I like
           | that I don't have the time to listen to them all. I also like
           | to have quiet introspective time.
           | 
           | So where does AI regurgitated slop fit into my life?
        
             | dromtrund wrote:
             | In the case of NotebookLM, the AI generated podcasts aren't
             | competing with existing podcasts, they're competing with
             | other ways of consuming the source material. Would I rather
             | listen to a real podcast? Yes. But no one's making a real
             | podcast about the Bluetooth L2CAP specification.
        
               | LegitShady wrote:
               | All podcasts compete for peopled time and attention.
        
         | richardw wrote:
         | I think and hope that you're wrong. There's always been cheese,
         | and there's a lot of it now. But there is still a market for
         | top-notch insight.
         | 
         | For example, Perun. This guy delivers an hourlong presentation
         | on (mostly) the Ukraine-Russia war and its pure quality.
         | Insights, humour, excellent delivery, from what seems to be a
         | military-focused economist/analyst/consultant. We're a while
         | away from some bot taking this kind of thing over.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/@PerunAU
         | 
         | Or hardcore history. The robots will get there, but it's going
         | to take a while.
         | 
         | https://www.dancarlin.com/hardcore-history-series/
        
           | lynx23 wrote:
           | Seriously, hardcore history? I dont even remember where I
           | heard from him, but I think it was a Lex podcast. So I
           | checked out hardcore history and was mightily disappointed.
           | To my ears, he is rambling 3 hours about a topic, more or
           | less unstructured and very long-winded, so that I basically
           | remember nothing after having finished the podcast. I tried
           | several times again, because I _wanted_ it to be good. But
           | no, not the format for me, and not a presentation I can
           | actually absorb.
        
             | emsixteen wrote:
             | Don't worry, you're not alone. I can't remember what I
             | didn't like about it, but I really wasn't a fan.
             | 
             | Thankfully there's plenty out there I am a fan of!
        
             | phreeza wrote:
             | Yea there are much better examples of quality history
             | podcasts, that are non-rambling. E.g. Mike Duncan podcasts
             | (Revolutions, History of Rome), or the Age of Napoleon
             | podcast. But even those are really just very good
             | digestions of various source materials, which seems like
             | something where LLMs will eventually reach quite a good
             | level.
        
               | OutOfHere wrote:
               | For such historical topics, my LLM-based software
               | podgenai does a pretty good job imho. It is easier for it
               | since it's all internal knowledge that it already knows
               | about.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | It's interesting I have the exact opposite opinion. I'm
               | sure Mike Duncan works very hard, and does a ton of
               | research, and his skill is beyond anything I can do. But
               | his podcasts ultimately sound like a list of bullet
               | points being read off a Google Doc. There's no color,
               | personality, or feeling. I might as well have a screen
               | reader narrate a Wikipedia article to me. I can barely
               | remember anything I heard by him.
               | 
               | Carlin on the other hand, despite the digressions and
               | rambling, manages to keep you engaged and really _feel_
               | the events.
        
             | Hammershaft wrote:
             | Hardcore History can certainly be off kilter, and the first
             | eppy of any series tends to be a slog as he finds his
             | groove. That said, Wrath of the Khans, Fall of the
             | Republic, and the WW1 series do blossom into being
             | incredible gripping series.
        
             | dr_dshiv wrote:
             | Try "fall of civilizations." Best pod I know. Maybe
             | Shwep.net
        
               | krzyk wrote:
               | Interesting stuff, but the music and the well, falls are
               | quite depressing.
        
             | refurb wrote:
             | Yes! I'm a huge history buff (read hundreds of books) and
             | was so excited when someone told me about Hardcore History.
             | 
             | I tried a few episodes. I really tried. I couldn't do it.
             | It reminded me of my uncle would tell a 5 min story in half
             | an hour.
             | 
             | The dramatic filler, breathless story telling was too much
             | for me. If anything it would put me to sleep.
             | 
             | I've found a few history podcasts that I think go into a
             | lot more depth and I learn a lot more from.
        
             | speckx wrote:
             | I, too, found hardcore history a bit unstructured. If you
             | like history, take a look at
             | https://fallofcivilizationspodcast.com/.
        
           | sqeaky wrote:
           | I know I'm not the first to say this, but I think what's
           | going on is that these AI things can produce results that are
           | very mid. A sort of extra medium. Experts beat modern LLMs
           | but modern llms are better than a gap.
           | 
           | If you just need voice discussing some topic because that has
           | utility and you can't afford a pair of podcasters (damn,
           | check your couch cushions) then having a mid podcast is
           | better than having no podcast. But if you need expert Insight
           | because expert Insight is your product and you happen to
           | deliver it through a podcast then you need an expert.
           | 
           | If I were a small software shop and I wanted something like a
           | weekly update describing this week's updates for my customers
           | and I have a dozen developers and none of us are particularly
           | vocally charismatic putting a weekly update generated from
           | commits, completed tickets, and developer notes might be
           | useful. The audience would be very targeted and the podcast
           | wouldn't be my main product, but there's no way I'd be able
           | to afford expert level podcasters for such a position.
           | 
           | I would argue Perun is a world class defense Logistics expert
           | or at least expert enough, passionate enough, and charismatic
           | enough to present as such. Just like the guys who do
           | Knowledge Fight, are world class experts on debunking Alex
           | Jones, and Jack Rhysider is an expert and Fanboy of computer
           | security so Darknet Diaries excels, and so on...
           | 
           | These aren't for making products, they can't compete with the
           | experts in the attention economy. But they can fill gaps and
           | if you need audio delivery of something about your product
           | this might be really good.
           | 
           | Edit - but as you said the robots will catch up, I just don't
           | know if they'll catch up with this batch of algorithms or if
           | it'll be the next round.
        
             | FranzFerdiNaN wrote:
             | > I know I'm not the first to say this, but I think what's
             | going on is that these AI things can produce results that
             | are very mid. A sort of extra medium. Experts beat modern
             | LLMs but modern llms are better than a gap.
             | 
             | I've seen people manage to wrangle tools like Midjourney to
             | get results that surpass extra medium. And most human
             | artists barely manage to reach medium quality too.
             | 
             | The real danger of AI is that, as a society, we need a lot
             | of people who will never be anything but mediocre still
             | going for it, so we can end up with a few who do manage to
             | reach excellence. If AI causes people to just give up even
             | trying and just hit generate on a podcast or image
             | generator, than that is going to be a big problem in the
             | long run. Or not, and we just end up being stuck in world
             | that is even more mediocre than it is now.
        
               | squigz wrote:
               | > as a society, we need a lot of people who will never be
               | anything but mediocre still going for it, so we can end
               | up with a few who do manage to reach excellence
               | 
               | Do we though? That seems bleak.
        
               | eszed wrote:
               | " _Reach_ excellence " is the key phrase there.
               | Excellence takes time and work, and most everyone who
               | gets there is mediocre for a while first.
               | 
               | I guess if AIs become excellent at _everything_ , and the
               | gains are shared, and the human race is liberated into a
               | post-scarcity future of gay space communism, then it's
               | fine. But that's not where it's looked like we're heading
               | so far, though - at least in creative fields. I'd include
               | - perhaps not quite yet, but it's close - development in
               | that category. How many on this board started out writing
               | mid-level CRUD apps for a mid-level living? If that path
               | is closed to future devs, how does anyone level up?
        
               | squigz wrote:
               | > But that's not where it's looked like we're heading so
               | far
               | 
               | I think one of the major reasons this is the case is
               | because people think it's just not possible; that the way
               | we've done things is the only possible way we can
               | continue to do things. I hope that changes, because I do
               | believe AI will continue to improve and displace jobs.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | AI looks like it will commoditise intellectual
               | excellence. It is hard to see how that would end up
               | making the world more mediocre.
               | 
               | It'd be like the ancient Romans speculating that cars
               | will make us less fit and therefore cities will be less
               | impressive because we can't lift as much. That isn't at
               | all how it played out, we just build cities with machines
               | too and need a lot less workers in construction.
        
               | Jevon23 wrote:
               | There are... many people who think that cities are worse
               | off because of cars. Maybe not for the same reasons, but
               | still.
        
               | cglan wrote:
               | cars have made us much less fit though...
        
               | sqeaky wrote:
               | If you want to say AI have reached intellectual
               | Excellence because we have a few that have peaked in
               | specific topics I would argue that those are so custom
               | and bespoke that they are primarily a reflection on their
               | human creators. Things like Champions and specific games
               | or solutions to specific hard algorithms are not
               | generally repurposable, and all of the general AI we have
               | are a little bit dumb and when they work well they
               | produce results that are generally mid. On occasionally
               | we can get a few things we can sneak by and say they're
               | better but that's hardly a commodity that's people
               | sifting through large piles of mid for gems.
               | 
               | There are a lot of ways if it did reach intellectual
               | excellence that we could argue that it would make
               | Humanity more mediocre, I'm not sure I buy such arguments
               | but there are lots of them and I can't say they're all
               | categorically wrong.
        
               | sqeaky wrote:
               | I don't think you're logic follows that we need a lot of
               | people suffering to get a few people to be excellent. If
               | people with a true and deep passion follow a thing I
               | think they have a significant chance of becoming
               | excellent at it. These are people who are more likely to
               | try again if they fail, these are people who are more
               | likely to invest above average levels of resources into
               | acquiring the skill, these are people who are willing to
               | try hard and self-educate, such people don't follow a
               | long tail distribution for failure.
               | 
               | If someone wants to click generate on a podcast button or
               | image generator it seems unlikely to me that was a person
               | who would have been sufficiently motivated to make an
               | excellent podcast or image. On the flip side, consider if
               | the person who wants to click the podcast or image button
               | wants to go on to do script writing, game development,
               | Structural Engineering, anything else but they need a
               | podcast or image. Having such a button frees up their
               | time.
               | 
               | Of course this is all just rhetorical and occasionally
               | someone is pressed into a field where they excel and
               | become a field leader. I would argue that is far less
               | common than someone succeeding and I think they want to
               | do, but I can't present evidence that's very strong for
               | this.
        
           | theptip wrote:
           | This is true but the quality frontier is not a single bar.
           | For mainstream content the bar is high. For super-niche
           | content, I wouldn't be surprised if NotebookLM already
           | competes with the existing pods.
           | 
           | This will be the dynamic of generated art as it improves; the
           | ease of use will benefit creators at the fringe.
           | 
           | I bet we see a successful Harry Potter fanfic fully generated
           | before we see a AAA Avengers movie or similar. (Also,
           | extrapolating, RIP copyright.)
        
             | llm_trw wrote:
             | On the contrary, the mainstream eats any slop you put
             | infront of it as long as it follows the correct form - one
             | needs only look at cable news - the super niche content is
             | that which requires deep thinking and novel insights.
             | 
             | Or to put another way, I've heard much better ideas on a
             | podcast made by undergrad CS students than on Lex Fridman.
        
               | jimbokun wrote:
               | Cable news viewership has been rapidly dwindling.
        
             | oxym0ron wrote:
             | I would say the opposite is true - mainstream cares much
             | less about the quality content but more about catchy
             | headline.
        
             | solumunus wrote:
             | It's the complete opposite. Unless your definition of
             | mainstream includes stuff like this deep drive into
             | Russia/Ukraine, in which case I think you're
             | misunderstanding "mainstream".
        
           | authorfly wrote:
           | Different strokes for different folks...
           | 
           | We all seek different kinds of quality; I don't find Peruns
           | videos to have any quality except volume. He reads bullet
           | points he has prepared, and makes predictable dad jokes in
           | monotone, re-uses and reruns the same points, icons, slides,
           | etc. Just personally, I find it really samey and some of the
           | reporting has been delayed so much it's entirely detached
           | from the ground by the time he releases. It's a format that
           | allows converting dense information and theory to hour long
           | videos, without examples or intrigue.
           | 
           | Personally, I prefer watching analysis/sitrep updates with
           | the geolocations/clips from the front/strategic analysis
           | which uses more of a presentation (e.g. using icons well and
           | sparingly). Going through several clips from the front and
           | reasoning about offensives, reasons, and locations is seems
           | equally difficult to replicate as Peruns videos, which rely
           | on information density.
           | 
           | I do however love Hardcore history - he adds emotion and
           | intrigue!
           | 
           | I agree with your overall hope for quality and different
           | approaches still remaining stand out from AI generated
           | alternatives.
        
             | richardw wrote:
             | I like a range of the Ukraine coverage. From stuff that
             | comes in fast to the weekly roundup-with-analysis. E.g.
             | Suchomimus has his own humour and angle on things, but if
             | you don't have a unique sense of humour or delivery then
             | it's easier for an AI to replace you.
             | 
             | Give it a year or three, up to the minute AI generated
             | sitrep pulling in related media clips and adding
             | commentary...not that hard to imagine.
        
               | grugagag wrote:
               | > Give it a year or three, up to the minute AI generated
               | sitrep pulling in related media clips and adding
               | commentary...not that hard to imagine.
               | 
               | But why? Isn't there enough content generated by humans?
               | As a tool of research AI is great in helping people do
               | whatever they do but having that automated away
               | generating content by itself is next to trash in my book,
               | pure waste. Just like unsolicited pamphlets thrown at
               | your door you pick up in the morning to throw in the bin.
               | Pure waste.
        
             | caulk wrote:
             | Drifting off topic, but do you have any examples of those
             | analysis/sitrep content creators you prefer?
        
               | lasc4r wrote:
               | Not who you asked, but the daily ones I sometimes watch
               | are Reporting From Ukraine and Denys Davydov.
        
               | richardw wrote:
               | Not your parent commenter but I like:
               | 
               | https://m.youtube.com/@militaryandhistory
               | 
               | https://m.youtube.com/@suchomimus9921
               | 
               | https://m.youtube.com/@WardCarroll
               | 
               | Fav is probably Suchomimus right now. Updated faster,
               | shorter reports. I feel like I get the info sooner after
               | it happens.
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/@anderspuck
        
               | authorfly wrote:
               | All of the other commentators have replied with a good
               | diverse set of YouTubers and included ones with biases
               | from both sides; I'd recommend the ones they have linked.
               | Some (take note of the ones that release information
               | quicker) might be more biased or more prone to reporting
               | murky information than others.
        
             | SirHumphrey wrote:
             | I think the main problem with Peruns' videos are that they
             | are videos. I run a little program on my home-lab that
             | turns them into podcasts and I find that I enjoy them far
             | more because I need to be less engaged with a podcast to
             | still find them enjoyable. (Also, I gave up on being up to
             | date with Ukraine situation, since up to date information
             | is almost always wrong. I am happy to be a week or a 14
             | days behind if the information I am getting is less wrong).
             | 
             | I like Hardcore history very much, but I think it would be
             | far worse in a video form.
        
               | Torkel wrote:
               | Just turn off the screen with youtube video playing and
               | there's no difference from a podcast?
               | 
               | I listen to Perun at the gym every week, audio only.
        
               | lasc4r wrote:
               | That's a paid service that some people balk at.
        
               | nordsieck wrote:
               | > That's a paid service that some people balk at.
               | 
               | AFAIK, it's only a paid feature to play video in the
               | background.
        
               | maest wrote:
               | PipePipe on Android does it for free. (Or New pipe or
               | some other *Pipe players)
        
               | satvikpendem wrote:
               | It doesn't have to be paid, YouTube on the mobile browser
               | can do it for free.
        
               | posterboy wrote:
               | on firefox
        
               | bogtog wrote:
               | Perun is peak podcast-like YouTube. In the gym, I just
               | keep my screen on to share my YouTube tastes with the
               | world and sometimes peak at some visuals
        
               | richardw wrote:
               | I'd also like a podcast. I usually walk around with the
               | video in my pocket to be honest. Audio is 80% of the
               | value in his case.
        
             | graemep wrote:
             | > He reads bullet points he has prepared, and makes
             | predictable dad jokes in monotone, re-uses and reruns the
             | same points, icons, slides, etc.
             | 
             | The presentation is a matter of taste (I like it better
             | than you do), but the content is very informative and
             | insightful.
             | 
             | Its not really about what is happening at the frontline
             | right now. Its not its aim. Its for people who want dense
             | information and analysis. The state of the Ukrainian and
             | Russian economies (subjects of recent Perun videos) does
             | not change daily or weekly.
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | Pleased to see Perun being mentioned on HN.
        
             | throwuxiytayq wrote:
             | It's always funny when I find out that various people I
             | respect follow Perun uploads closely.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | I would like them to be _right_ , for that to mean that the
           | 'real' content gets fewer (fewer bother) but _better_ (or at
           | least higher SNR among what there is).
           | 
           | And then faster/easier/cheaper access to the LM 'uninspired
           | but possibly useful' content, whatever that might look like.
        
           | fny wrote:
           | Try Lawfare as a better LLM hurdle. The depth and expertise
           | and at times physical experience required for their
           | discussions seems far out of reach.
           | 
           | I suspect LLMs are not sophisticated enough as a paradigm to
           | get there.
        
           | DanHulton wrote:
           | I keep seeing this asertion: "the robots will get there" (or
           | its ilk), and it's starting to feel really weird to me.
           | 
           | It's an article of faith -- we don't KNOW that they're going
           | to get there. They're going to get better, almost certainly,
           | but how much? How much gas is left in the tank for this
           | technique?
           | 
           | Honestly, I think the fact that every new "groundbreaking"
           | news release about LLMs has come alongside a swath of
           | discussion about how it doesn't actually live up to the hype,
           | that it achieves a solid "mid" and stops there, I think this
           | means it's more likely that the robots AREN'T going to get
           | there some day. (Well, not unless there's another
           | breakthrough AI technique.)
           | 
           | Either way, I still think it's interesting that there's this
           | article of faith a lot of us have "we're not there now, but
           | we'll get there soon" that we don't really address, and it
           | really colors the discussion a certain way.
        
             | atrus wrote:
             | AI has been so conflated with LLMs as of late that I'm not
             | surprised that it feels like we won't get there. But think
             | of it this way, with all of the resources pouring into AI
             | right now (the bulk going towards LLMs though), the people
             | doing non-LLM research, while still getting scraps, have a
             | lot more scraps to work with! Even better, they can
             | probably work in peace, since LLMs are the ones under the
             | spotlight right now haha
        
             | llamaLord wrote:
             | IMO it seems almost epistemologically impossible that LLM's
             | following anything even resembling the current techniques
             | will ever be able to comfortably out-perform humans at
             | genuinely creative endeavours because they, almost by
             | definition, cannot be "exceptional".
             | 
             | If you think about how an LLM works, it's effectively going
             | "given a certain input, what is the statistically average
             | output that I should provide, given my training corpus".
             | 
             | The thing is, humans are remarkably shit at understanding
             | just how exception someone needs to be to be genuinely
             | creative in a way that most humans would consider
             | "artistic"... You're talking 1/1000 people AT best.
             | 
             | This creates a kind of devils bargain for LLMs where you
             | have to start trading training set size for training set
             | quality, because there's a remarkably small amount of
             | genuinely GREAT quality content to feed this things.
             | 
             | I DO believe that the current field of LLM/LXM's will get
             | much better at a lot of stuff, and my god anyone below the
             | top 10-15% of their particular field is going to be in a
             | LOT of trouble, but unless you can train models SOLELY on
             | the input of exceptionally high performing people (which I
             | fundamentally believe there is simply not enough content in
             | existence to do), the models almost by definition will not
             | be able to outperform those high performing people.
             | 
             | Will they be able to do the intellectual work of the
             | average person? Yeah absolutely. Will they be able to do it
             | probably 100/1000x faster than any human (no matter how
             | exceptional)?... Yeah probably... But I don't believe
             | they'll be able to do it better than the truly exceptional
             | people.
        
               | collinmanderson wrote:
               | Yes, LLMs are probably inherently limited, but the AI
               | field in general is not necessarily limited, and possibly
               | has the potential to be more genuinely creative than even
               | most exceptional creative humans.
        
               | beefnugs wrote:
               | I loosely suspect too many people are jumping into LLMs
               | and I assume real research is being strangled. But to be
               | honest all of the practical things I have seen such as by
               | Mr Goertzel are painfully complex very few can really get
               | into.
        
               | d1sxeyes wrote:
               | I'm not sure. The bestsellers lists are full of average-
               | or-slightly-above-average wordsmiths with a good idea,
               | the time and stamina to write a novel and risk it
               | failing, someone who was willing to take a chance on
               | them, and a bit of luck. The majority of human creative
               | output is _not_ exceptional.
               | 
               | A decent LLM can just keep going. Time and stamina are
               | effectively unlimited, and an LLM can just keep rolling
               | its 100 dice until they all come up sixes.
               | 
               | Or an author can just input their ideas and have an LLM
               | do the boring bit of actually putting the words on the
               | paper.
        
               | llamaLord wrote:
               | I get your point, but using the best-sellers list as a
               | proving point isn't exactly a slam-dunk.
               | 
               | What's that saying? "Nobody ever went broke
               | overestimating the poor taste of the average person"
        
               | d1sxeyes wrote:
               | I'm just saying, the vast majority of human creative
               | endeavours are not exceptional. The bar for AI is not
               | Tolkien or Dickens, it's Grisham and Clancy.
        
               | Terr_ wrote:
               | IMO the problem facing us is not that computers will
               | directly outperform people on the quality of what they
               | produce, but that they will be used to generate an
               | enormous quantity of inferior crap that is just good
               | enough that filtering it out is impossible.
               | 
               | Not replacement, but ecosystem collapse.
        
             | richardw wrote:
             | LLM's are not the last incarnation. I assume that all the
             | money, research and human ingenuity will eventually find
             | better architectures.
             | 
             | I'm not sure we really want that, but I am pretty sure
             | we'll try for it.
        
             | __MatrixMan__ wrote:
             | Agreed. I think people are extrapolating with a linearity
             | bias. I find it far more plausible that the rate of
             | improvement is not constant, but instead a function of the
             | remaining gap between humans and AI, which means that
             | diminishing returns are right around the corner.
             | 
             | There's still much to be done re: reorganizing how we
             | behave such that we can reap the benefits of such a
             | competent helper, but I don't think we'll be handing the
             | reigns over any time soon.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | People are taking it as an article of faith because almost
             | every prediction that "AI will not be able to do X anytime
             | soon" has failed.
        
             | jcgrillo wrote:
             | In addition to "will the robots get there?" there's also
             | the question "at what cost?". The faith-basedness of it is
             | almost fractal:
             | 
             | - "Given this thing I saw a computer program do, clearly
             | we'll have intelligent AI real soon now."
             | 
             | - "If we generate sufficiently smart AI then clearly all
             | the jobs will go away because the AI will just do them all
             | for us"
             | 
             | - "We'll clearly be able to do the AI thing using a
             | reasonable amount of electricity"
             | 
             | None of these ideas are "clear", and they're all based on
             | some "futurist faith" crap. Let's say Microsoft does
             | succeed (likely at collosal cost in compute) in creating
             | some humanlike AI. How will they put it to work? What
             | incentives could you offer such a creature? What will it
             | want in exchange for labor? What will it enjoy? What will
             | it dislike? But we're not there yet, first show me the
             | intelligent AI then we can discuss the rest.
             | 
             | What's really disturbing about this is hype is precisely
             | that this technology is so computationally intensive. So of
             | course the computer people are going to hype it--they're
             | pick and shovel salespeople supplying (yet another) gold
             | rush.
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | I stumbled on a parody of Dan Carlin recently. I don't know
           | the original content enough to know if it's accurate or even
           | funny as a satire of him specifically, but I enjoyed the
           | surreal aspect. I'm guessing some AI was involved in making
           | it:
           | 
           | An American Quakening
           | 
           | https://youtu.be/wGpdxsgreOE?si=r7ef1vBOjIvqD_PQ
        
         | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
         | I thought this was a great, insightful comment, but noodling
         | over it a little more made me think it's not just content
         | producers who are responsible for this "quality vacuousness"
         | epidemic.
         | 
         | I think this is just partly an inevitable consequence of going
         | from "content scarcity" to our new normal of "content obesity"
         | over the past 20 years or so. In this new era of an
         | overwhelming amount of content, it's just natural to compare it
         | all against each other, e.g. to essentially "optimize" it to
         | the "best" form, but in doing that we've fallen into a
         | homogeneity, and the resulting lack of variation is an actual
         | lowering of quality in and of itself.
         | 
         | 2 examples to explain what I mean:
         | 
         | 1. I find that nearly all interior design (at least within
         | broad styles) looks basically the same to me now. It's all got
         | that "minimalist, muted tones but with a touch of organic
         | coziness and one or two pops of color" look to it. Honestly, I
         | don't know how interior designers even exist today, when it's
         | trivial to go to Houzz or any of a million websites and say
         | "yes, like this". A while back I was complaining online
         | somewhere that I thought all interior design looked similar
         | where in the past there was much more interesting variation,
         | and somebody insightful replied that it's not really that
         | interior design is now just the same, it's that it's really
         | just _converged_. People can easily see and compare a million
         | designs against each other, so there is much less of a chance
         | for that green shag carpet to even get a moment in the sun.
         | 
         | 2. I was recently on vacation and decided I wanted to read a
         | "classic" book, so I read Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises (I'm
         | not sure why I never had to read that in high school). Nearly
         | throughout the entire book I couldn't help but thinking "Is
         | there any time this book stops sucking?" I hated the entire
         | thing - it was like being forced to watch someone's vacation
         | photos for twelve hours straight, and I kept wondering why
         | there never seemed to be any attempt to actually make me give a
         | shit about any of the characters in the book, as nearly every
         | one of them I found insufferable and wondered how they each had
         | about 3 or 4 livers to spare. But I do understand that
         | Hemingway's writing style was unique and original at the time,
         | and that he was doing something new and interesting that
         | influenced American literature for a long time. But these days,
         | given the flood of content, it feels like most attempts at
         | doing something "new and interesting" are not only forced, but
         | nearly impossible given that there are a million other people
         | also trying to do new and interesting things that now have the
         | means to disseminate them. I don't think a book like The Sun
         | Also Rises, where I believe the main impact was the style of
         | writing/dialogue vs the actual story, could ever break through
         | today.
         | 
         | I guess my point with this long post is that I think the "loss
         | of quality" in content that many of us sense is just a direct
         | result of there being so much content that we see variations
         | from the "ideal" as worse, where in the past we may have found
         | them interesting.
        
           | LaundroMat wrote:
           | You'll like this: https://www.alexmurrell.co.uk/articles/the-
           | age-of-average
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | You're right, I love this, thanks! I was familiar with some
             | of these examples, e.g. Komar and Melamid's painting
             | example (and, IIRC, unless I'm confusing with other
             | artists, they also painted a painting filled with features
             | that the "average" person hated, like abstract geometric
             | shapes and stark colors, and the artists actually liked
             | that painting and said something along the lines of "turns
             | out we're really good at making bad art"), and the "AirBnB-
             | style of interior design" was so excellently skewered by
             | SNL recently, and HN has had a number of posts about how so
             | many brands have devolved to the same monochrome, san-serif
             | typefaces for their logos.
             | 
             | Still, at the same time, I couldn't help but feeling a
             | little bit sad/resigned at the existence of the article you
             | linked. Here I thought I had an idea that was not exactly
             | unique but that I felt would be good to share. And yet then
             | here is an example that expresses this idea a million times
             | better than I ever could (I love "The Age of Average"
             | headline), with great researched examples and tons of
             | helpful visuals. It's hard to not feel a bit like Butters
             | in that "Simpsons did it!" episode of South Park...
        
           | ezst wrote:
           | What you say (though I'm not sure that we can speak of an
           | "ideal"), compounded with the "late stage capitalism" fact
           | that everything today is consolidated, and has to be about
           | making profit and maximizing it: Disney shareholders probably
           | like the latest Marvel movie more than you do for being the
           | same as the previous ones: business don't like taking risks.
           | The same applies to your furniture maker: when you sell to
           | millions and want your shelves stuffed, you pick a select few
           | materials and color variations that minimize cost and targets
           | the broadest audience.
        
         | 3abiton wrote:
         | I ran one of my papers into it, mind blown how well they dumbed
         | it down without losing too much details (still quite a lot was
         | ommitted). I wonder if it's domain specific, and I wonder
         | what's the variance by topic.
        
           | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
           | Same here. In fact, I typically struggle communicating my
           | scientific research to journalists, and next time I'll use
           | this. It found some good metaphors to make even a quite math-
           | heavy paper's core concepts understandable to the audience
           | without losing correctness, which is something that both I
           | and the journalist typically fail to do (I keep the
           | correctness but don't make it understandable enough, so then
           | journalists start coming up with metaphors and do the
           | opposite).
           | 
           | A lawyer friend of mine also suggested giving it the Spanish
           | civil code, a long, arid legal text. The podcast of course
           | didn't cover the whole text in 10 minutes, which would be
           | impossible, but they selected some interesting tidbits and
           | actually had me hooked until the end and made me learn a few
           | things about it, which is no small merit. And my friend was
           | quite impressed and didn't complain about correctness.
        
           | tkgally wrote:
           | I did the same thing, running one book I edited and another
           | book I wrote through it, and it did quite well. I was
           | particularly impressed with how the "hosts" came up with
           | their own succinct examples and metaphors to explain what I
           | had written at much greater length. (I should mention that
           | one of those books was in Japanese, and they captured it
           | clearly in English.)
           | 
           | Lately, when I just want to get the gist of a long article or
           | research paper, I run it through NotebookLM and listen to the
           | podcast while I'm exercising.
           | 
           | My only complaint is that the chatty podcasty gab gets tiring
           | after a while. I wish it were possible to dial that down.
        
             | jp_nc wrote:
             | I dumped my kids weekly middle school update into it and it
             | produced a nice summary that I could listen to while doing
             | something else.
        
               | airspresso wrote:
               | that's value add right there. Summarizing text into audio
               | saves time.
        
         | tossandthrow wrote:
         | I think it is right that people don't care and there is some
         | merit to it.
         | 
         | Reading, or listening to podcast, these days is more akin to a
         | meditation - many people do it to reenforce an identity rather
         | than to expand on themselves.
         | 
         | And I do think that is reasonable as, for many people, there
         | are few other structures that can keep them in check with
         | themselves.
        
         | deng wrote:
         | I would disagree it's trying to be a "quality" podcast. As
         | usual with AI, it's an average over averages, incredibly
         | mediocre, sometimes borderline satire. For instance, in this
         | example podcast they say "and trust me, guys, you wanna hear
         | all about this", which is where I would usually turn off,
         | because nothing of quality can come after this sentence.
         | 
         | In my company, HR now uses AI to do training videos. It's
         | hilariously funny, because it looks like a satire on training
         | videos (well, granted, it's funny for a minute or two, then it
         | shifts to annoying).
        
           | jeremyjh wrote:
           | That's actually a really good application of AI, because the
           | quality of the content is meaningless as long as it hits the
           | bullet points. They only do this to check a box that training
           | on <topic> was done.
        
           | 12_throw_away wrote:
           | Right? The fact that the LLM output is indistinguishable from
           | a podcast says more about podcasts than about LLMs.
           | 
           | If anything, listening to that reminded me of why I stopped
           | listening to podcasts in the first place - every 5 second
           | snippet of something interesting ends up suffocated by 5
           | minutes of filler and dead air.
        
         | emsign wrote:
         | So your argument in anutshell is: humans have nothing to say,
         | let's stop listening to them. Are you serious? It's ALL about
         | what humans want to send out to the world, this is what it's
         | all about. I'm perplexed that this isn't obvious.
        
         | robinsonb5 wrote:
         | The thing is, we have been here before.
         | 
         | Think back to the mid-1980s and the first time everyone got
         | their hands on a Casio or Yamaha keyboard with auto-
         | accompaniment.
         | 
         | It was a huge amount of fun to play with, just pressing a few
         | buttons, playing a few notes and feeling like you were
         | producing a "real" pop song. Meanwhile, any actual musicians
         | were to be found crying in the corner of the room, not because
         | a new tool had come along which threatened their position, but
         | because non-musicians apparently didn't understand (at least
         | immediately) the difference between these superficial, low-
         | effort machine-generated sounds and actual music.
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | That's a really good analogy.
        
           | sirsinsalot wrote:
           | And yet Clint Eastwood by the Gorillaz was a Casio demo
           | track.
           | 
           | It isn't so black and white.
           | 
           | https://youtube.com/shorts/Wn0NtSNeQEQ
        
             | lugu wrote:
             | That is to the point. Gorillaz has talent, and that is what
             | made Clint Eastwood a hit. Not the Yamaha.
        
             | _emacsomancer_ wrote:
             | Similarly, Under Mi Sleng Teng[1], but here too it required
             | human musical talent.
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleng_Teng
        
             | jazzypants wrote:
             | To be clear, Dan the Automator added an additional drum
             | track, an additional bass track, and a melodica track as
             | well as numerous other sound effects. They didn't just loop
             | the Casio demo track.
        
           | Workaccount2 wrote:
           | What is scary about AI is the speed of improvement, not what
           | it currently is.
           | 
           | People keep forming these analogies/explanations with the
           | inherent premise that what we have now is what AI is going to
           | be - "It's actually kind of shitty so don't fret, not much
           | will change".
           | 
           | AI music creation has improved more in the last 5 years than
           | keyboard accompaniment improved in the previous 40 years. It
           | would be very brazen to bet that the tech 5 years from now is
           | hardly any better. Especially when scaling transformers has
           | consistently improved outputs. Double especially when the
           | entire tech industry is throwing the house at scaling it.
        
             | agentultra wrote:
             | ... and it still won't be music.
             | 
             | The reason why people like music is because another person
             | wrote and performed it. We like watching other people.
             | 
             | Give us an infinite playlist of elevator music and it just
             | becomes oatmeal.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | This is just a "no true Scotsman" take.
               | 
               | Popular music has already been synthetic and souless for
               | decades now. People will listen to what sounds good to
               | them, and we already know the bar is very low, and that
               | the hard truth is that it is all subjective anyway.
        
               | jazzypants wrote:
               | Sure, bars and restaurants will have an endless supply of
               | boring music, but no one is ever going to go to an AI
               | music event.
        
               | Workaccount2 wrote:
               | Read it and weep:
               | 
               | https://www.nydailynews.com/2016/05/29/thousands-of-new-
               | york...
        
               | agentultra wrote:
               | More of a behavioural science take. Is music the sound
               | that is played or the people making the sound?
               | 
               | We've had software accompaniment for a long time.
               | Elevator music. The same 4 chords arranged in similar
               | ways for decades. Hasn't destroyed music. Neither will
               | AI.
               | 
               | At some point people are going to want to know who's on
               | the other side making the music.
               | 
               | Unless your argument is that nobody values artists...
               | which is I guess one of the primary conceits of GenAI
               | enthusiasts today.
        
         | tarsinge wrote:
         | Remembering the 90s when I grew up really into alternative
         | music I think what has changed is maybe public perception. AI
         | back then would not have changed much because mainstream pop
         | music was already accepted as generic derivative existing only
         | to make money. Quality was already seen as secondary to be
         | successful. But nowadays maybe due to social networks
         | incentives instead of journalists curation only numbers seem to
         | matter.
        
         | IanCal wrote:
         | > the quality of the content is largely irrelevant.
         | 
         | But the content here has been fed into it deliberately.
        
         | janoc wrote:
         | Well, yes. Replace the various music and book publishing mills
         | with LLMs for even more low quality drivel filling the
         | marketplaces because now even the already low barrier of having
         | to actually pay someone to produce it will be removed.
         | 
         | That's definitely going to be an improvement. Not.
        
         | huijzer wrote:
         | > The reason so much writing, podcasting, and music is
         | vulnerable to AI disruption is that quality has already become
         | secondary.
         | 
         | I think that has always been the case, we just tend to compare
         | today's average stuff with the best stuff from earlier days.
         | 
         | For example, most furniture pictures from the 60s and 70s are
         | from upper middle class homes. If we listen music, we listen to
         | Queen and not some local band from Alabama (not that I'm
         | against such bands at all; they can make great music too).
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | > I think that has always been the case, we just tend to
           | compare today's average stuff with the best stuff from
           | earlier days.
           | 
           | I agree with this of course, because generally nobody
           | remembers the bad stuff unless it was the _worst_. I beg to
           | differ with music, though, because there 's an opposing
           | effect: we tend to be left with the most _marketed_ music,
           | which was usually a cheap knockoff of something interesting
           | going on at the time. The shitty commercial knockoff becomes
           | the  "classic" while the people they were ripping off don't
           | even get a wikipedia page.
        
             | malignblade wrote:
             | You're raising a good point about how "best" is defined.
             | 
             | If you ask most people, they are by definition more likely
             | to connect with broadly disseminated cheap knock offs than
             | they are with whatever 'legit' inventive underground
             | creator, simply because they've heard the former and not
             | the latter.
             | 
             | Just a mental exercise: If you ask 1000 people if they
             | prefer Knock Off or Original, and 900 say Knock Off, which
             | one was better? If the answer is still Original, by what
             | metric do we measure quality?
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | > Most books published today have the affect of a book, but the
         | author doesn't really have anything to say
         | 
         | This has been the case as far back as I began reading books
         | which is about 30 years.
        
         | belter wrote:
         | The same could be said of most technical blogs, they are just
         | marketing content to sell a company service...Miss the old
         | Internet...
        
         | InDubioProRubio wrote:
         | Thank you for saying that, it was always a background task
         | thought, but now that you put it in words. This. The churn
         | shall burn..
        
         | LegitShady wrote:
         | it is the perfect milquetoast personality. It's like don lemon
         | but without the interesting bits of don lemon. It has no draw
         | or interest.
         | 
         | Podcasts are only somewhat about things. The most important
         | part is that they're by people, and the people is what draws
         | people in. These ai podcasts are not by people, and when you
         | listen to more than one you start to see the patterns and void
         | where a personality is.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | Yes, this is impressive, it has all the idiosyncrasies of
         | podcasting, the pauses, turns of phrase, even the tones where
         | we hear people putting things in quotes, etc.
         | 
         | ... but it's also pointless. And it's likely different episodes
         | on different topics will tend to sound very much alike; it's
         | already the case here, I'm sure I heard another example where
         | the two voices were the same.
         | 
         | In less than a year we all have learned to recognize AI images
         | with pretty good accuracy; text is more difficult, but
         | podcasting seems easy in comparison.
        
         | dustingetz wrote:
         | yes, podcasting is a goto market strategy. One reason there are
         | so many VC podcasts is because it is how GPs (VCs who
         | fundraise) reach LPs (the money that invests in venture funds).
        
         | alickz wrote:
         | I think the average person is more interested in the output
         | than in the process e.g. more people want to read The Shining
         | than want to read about how The Shining was written
        
           | grugagag wrote:
           | Id say most people skip the reading part and watch the movie
           | instead.
        
         | lvl155 wrote:
         | We've become so great at articulation and delivery of empty
         | ideas. To a point, I completely block out people like these in
         | real life. This is an entire career for many.
        
           | fhe wrote:
           | my first job out of college was at a big name management
           | consulting firm... to riff on your point: yes, such is the
           | entire career for many. and theirs aren't even such bad
           | careers if one only considers money and prestige. two years
           | there completely cured me of any illusion of positive
           | correlation between prestige and intelligence. I used to
           | wonder if the partners at the firm actually believed the
           | bullshit they were spilling -- actually "delivering value"
           | per consulting parlance. I get it that people do
           | intellectually dishonest things just for the money... but the
           | partners seemed to genuinely believe their chatgpt-esque text
           | generation. In the end I figured it was a combination of
           | self-selection (only the true believers stay for the years
           | and make partner) and a psycho-hack where if you want to
           | convince your client, you better believe it yourself first
           | (only the true believers make good evangelists).
        
         | oddthink wrote:
         | It goes way too far, IMHO.
         | 
         | It ends up sounding like a smarmy Sunday-morning talk show
         | conversation, with over-exaggerated affect and no content.
         | 
         | So far I've just fed it technical papers, which may be part of
         | the problem, but what I got back was, "Gosh, imagine if a
         | recommender system _really_ understood us? Wow, that would be
         | fantastic, wouldn 't it?"
        
           | skapadia wrote:
           | While it's impressive, I agree that it tends to make over the
           | top comments or reactions about everything. It could probably
           | make a Keurig machine sound like a revolutionary coffee
           | maker.
        
           | mdp2021 wrote:
           | Already in the sample embedded by Simon. "Gosh", "wow",
           | "like", "like", "like", "[wooooaaaawiiiing,
           | woooooooaawiiiiiiing]", "Oh my god", "I was so, like...".
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ssDdqq_9TzI&t=34s [April
           | Ludgate meets Tynnifer, Parks and Rec]
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | > the interesting thing is that most people don't really care
         | 
         | no one has gotten feedback from "most people" .. this is raw
         | hyperbole
        
         | chefandy wrote:
         | > The reason so much writing, podcasting, and music is
         | vulnerable to AI disruption is that quality has already become
         | secondary.
         | 
         | Commercial creative workers are vulnerable because there's a
         | billions-of-dollars industry effort to copy their professional
         | output and compete with them selling cheap knock-offs.
         | 
         | I see this sort of convenient resignation all the time in the
         | tech crowd... "creative workers only can blame themselves for
         | tech companies taking their income because their art just isn't
         | any good anymore!"
         | 
         | The poor quality "content" that's been proliferating recently
         | has been created, largely, using the very tools that AI has
         | built, or their immediate precursors. AI, for all its benefits,
         | has only made that worse.
         | 
         | If you're saying, in good faith, that most of the infomercials,
         | televangelist programs, talk radio, celebrity autobiographies,
         | self-help books, scandalous expose books, and health/exercise
         | fad books etc etc etc that came out 50 years ago were made for
         | no reason beyond advancing human knowledge, you're either too
         | young to remember any media from before our current era and
         | haven't looked beyond survivorship bias.
         | 
         | Tech folks love sentiments like this because it entirely
         | emotionally places the onus on the people getting ripped off by
         | big tech companies for being ripped off. If their work was that
         | awful, companies wouldn't be clamoring to vacuum it up into
         | their models to make more of it. Nearly all of the salable
         | output from these models exists solely because it took a
         | creative product someone made with the intention of selling it
         | and it's using it to sell a simulacra.
         | 
         | It's using nostalgia to deflect guilt for harpooning the
         | livelihood of many people because it's just more convenient and
         | profitable to empower mediocre "content creators" they use to
         | justify doing it.
        
           | Qworg wrote:
           | I'm confused about your point RE: infomercials et al - that's
           | poor quality "content" that's been proliferating for, as you
           | say, more than 50 years.
           | 
           | Is that not the work of commercial creative workers? Did it
           | not exist pre AI? There's an argument to scale, certainly,
           | but the idea that "things were better in the past before
           | these <<new technologies>> came out" is generally a suspect
           | argument.
           | 
           | To your broader point - new tools for creating creative work
           | come out all the time. Did we suffer greatly at the loss of
           | image compositors when Photoshop arrived? On the flip side,
           | did digital art gut painting and sculpture? Isn't this just
           | another tool for creative expression?
           | 
           | Art is a way of seeing, not a way of creating. I don't think
           | the technology is taking that away.
        
           | doctorpangloss wrote:
           | Have you never in your life enjoyed a pirated movie, game,
           | book or music track?
        
             | chefandy wrote:
             | Sure, and it wasn't the right thing to do, especially if it
             | was from an independent artist. I haven't in well over a
             | decade. There's also a canyon of a difference between that,
             | and if I had re-sold their product, at scale, effectively
             | putting the artists out of business. I'd love to explode
             | copyright, but unfortunately, our society has no mechanism
             | for compensating the people that make this valuable work
             | without it, because a whole bunch of tech execs will say
             | "jeez -- i'd really like to get paid for their work instead
             | of them."
        
               | doctorpangloss wrote:
               | > There's also a canyon of a difference between that...
               | effectively putting the artists out of business.
               | 
               | There is a direct line between music piracy you did in
               | the past and the status quo of Spotify paying
               | millidollars to artists today. Another POV is, find me
               | musicians who prefer a world with Internet piracy
               | compared to one without.
        
           | quest88 wrote:
           | > Commercial creative workers are vulnerable because there's
           | a billions-of-dollars industry effort to copy their
           | professional output and compete with them selling cheap
           | knock-offs.
           | 
           | I agree there will be winners and losers of some proportion
           | here. But I also think the people that want to pay for art
           | will continue to pay as their motives and values are
           | different. There's plenty of cheap knock-off art, but people
           | still pay premiums for art to support the artist and their
           | work.
           | 
           | As someone else replied to you, it's similar to piracy. The
           | people that pirate were never going to pay in the first
           | place. To tie it back here, the people listening to AI
           | generated <whatever> were never going to pay in the first
           | place - which is why so many podcasts get their money from
           | ads.
        
             | chefandy wrote:
             | > But I also think the people that want to pay for art will
             | continue to pay as their motives and values are different.
             | 
             | The big difference is the type of artist. People selling
             | fine art won't be affected much. The vast majority of
             | artists are commercial artists, the the idea that being a
             | commercial artist is morally or creatively bankrupt-- a
             | common sentiment among those who want to imagine that this
             | is all just fine-- is nonsense. It's pilfered commercial
             | artwork that makes up the bulk of these tools commercial
             | utility, and the people that made it stand to suffer the
             | most.
        
               | quest88 wrote:
               | I haven't seen that idea (artists being morally
               | bankrupt), like you I'd strongly disagree. I also agree
               | it's a shitty situation that artists invested hundreds of
               | hours of their own time to create something only to be
               | repackaged and sold by some AI tool.
               | 
               | That said, I'd still make the same point that people who
               | value art and the artist will buy from and support the
               | artist. Those that don't value it, won't. But now we're
               | on a larger scale.
        
               | omegaworks wrote:
               | >That said, I'd still make the same point that people who
               | value art and the artist will buy from and support the
               | artist.
               | 
               | The chances anyone will come across the artist when their
               | marketplace is flooded with increasingly plausible
               | simulacra become more and more slim as time goes on.
               | 
               | AI is choking off any hope for artists supported by
               | patronage, simply by virtue of discoverability being lost
               | and trust being eroded.
               | 
               | >But now we're on a larger scale.
               | 
               | It's simply a bad problem, made worse!
        
             | cm11 wrote:
             | > The people that pirate were never going to pay in the
             | first place.
             | 
             | I think I agree with your larger point, but is this part
             | true? When Spotify provided a much simpler UX to get the
             | goods, people were happy to pay $10/month and Napster et al
             | basically died.
        
           | tivert wrote:
           | > Tech folks love sentiments like this because it entirely
           | emotionally places the onus on the people getting ripped off
           | by big tech companies for being ripped off.
           | 
           | This, times a million. Add to that the ancient quote from
           | Plato(?) criticizing writing or the other ancient quote
           | complaining about the irresponsibility of the youth,
           | unthinkingly deployed to attempt to delegitimize any kind of
           | critique of nearly anything.
           | 
           | The technology industry seems to be overflowing with so-
           | called "rational" people who mainly seem to use use whatever
           | intelligence they have to rationalize away responsibility for
           | whatever problems their beloved technology has caused. It's a
           | really stupid and obnoxious pattern; and once you see it,
           | it's hard to not see if everywhere and be annoyed.
           | 
           | I think one element of it is naked greed (especially from the
           | entrepreneurs) but I think another big part is a kind of
           | stuntedness and parochialism that's often fueled by
           | overconfidence (because of success in software engineering,
           | forming an identify around "being smart" etc).
        
             | chefandy wrote:
             | It's one of the reasons I left tech altogether after
             | _decades_. It 's like most people in the tech business
             | right now think their _totally unique supreme intellectual
             | might_ gives them enough pan-subject-matter expertise. The
             | further I moved away from development within the business,
             | the more it repelled me.
        
             | caeril wrote:
             | > > the people getting ripped off
             | 
             | Nobody is getting "ripped off" by ML models any more than
             | by other humans. When a human wants to launch a high-
             | quality podcast, they survey the market, listen to a lot of
             | other high quality podcasts, and then set to creating their
             | own derivative work.
             | 
             | What ML models are doing is really no different. It's just
             | much, much faster.
             | 
             | Everything humans create is derivative of other works.
             | Speed is the only difference.
        
           | FeloniousHam wrote:
           | When I was younger, piracy was justified with similar tech
           | folks arguments: "Information wants to be free", "Serves them
           | right for controlling their content in a way that
           | inconveniences me", "If I own a copy, the content is mine to
           | share".
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | > The reason so much writing, podcasting, and music is
         | vulnerable to AI disruption is that quality has already become
         | secondary.
         | 
         | I was thinking this kind of thing is the perfect way to
         | generate sports commentary.
        
         | gaieges wrote:
         | People care about being able to consume information in ways
         | that works for them.
         | 
         | I don't have time to read white papers (nor am I very good at
         | it), but want to know what they consist of. I also want to take
         | my dog for a walk which is hard to do while staring at a
         | screen. This, and other tools like it are useful in achieving
         | that.
        
       | hu3 wrote:
       | This is better than I expected.
       | 
       | I sent the podcast audio to friend, and English is not their
       | first language. Without telling them it was AI generated.
       | 
       | They found it entertaining-worthy enough to listen to the end.
       | 
       | Sure it needs more human unpredictably and some added goofiness.
       | Maybe some interruptions because humans do that too. But it's
       | already not-bad.
        
       | shepherdjerred wrote:
       | It's hard for me to believe that this isn't two real people
       | talking. The only complaint I have is that they say "like" a
       | little too often.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | OK, this is pretty amazing, but is there a "Valley Girl" setting
       | in NotebookLM somewhere? In the sample given in this article,
       | both of the "podcasters" had to add a "like", like every 5
       | seconds. I couldn't take it:
       | 
       | > this tech is just like leaps and bounds of where it was
       | yesterday like we're watching it go from just spitting out words
       | to like...
        
         | JimDabell wrote:
         | That's one of the disfluencies the article mentions.
        
         | niemandhier wrote:
         | Just my thought. I think to be actually useful, the model needs
         | to allow the user to customize the flow of conversation to some
         | extent.
         | 
         | In its current version, this causes so much cultural dissonance
         | that it's very difficult for me to listen.
         | 
         | At least to me the "hosts" appear to actively signal lack of
         | competence in the field they are talking about.
         | 
         | Given that they are generated that is off course nonsense.
        
         | JonathanFly wrote:
         | "Like" is a filler word I barely notice, along with lower key
         | words like "right" or "uh uh". But the NotebookLM constantly
         | exclaiming "Exactly" and "Precisely" stand out and are driving
         | me a bit loopy. I wonder if you can prompt inject them away.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | I would seriously pay, even a subscription fee, to have that
           | ability downloaded into my brain. The first few mentions of
           | "like" don't typically get me, but the more it's used the
           | irritation level grows exponentially...
        
             | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
             | Strongly suspect it's age-related. I noticed the comment
             | you responded to stated 'along with lower key words like
             | "right" or "uh uh"'.
             | 
             | The turn of phrase "low-key" became popular in the 2010s -
             | I barely, if ever, heard it used before then - so my guess
             | is that this user is in their twenties to early thirties.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | Instead of teaching AI to write so poorly we should be teaching
         | people to write and speak properly.
        
       | felipeerias wrote:
       | Personally, I would love to try this for learning languages.
       | 
       | Some people absorb information far easier when they hear it as
       | part of a conversation. Perhaps it would be possible to use this
       | technique to break down study materials into simple 10-minute
       | chunks that discuss a chapter or a concept at a time.
        
         | rjh29 wrote:
         | Languages are hard. Everybody wants to learn them via an app or
         | 10 minutes a day but realistically it's 3-4 hours a day for a
         | year.
        
           | GaggiX wrote:
           | 3-4 hours a day for a year is not even realistic, unless it's
           | a language that already has a lot in common with yours, like
           | Italian and Spanish.
        
           | felipeerias wrote:
           | I am already doing that. What I meant is that there are
           | specific topics, grammar, vocabulary, etc. that I would
           | probably remember better if I also got them in the form of a
           | conversation between two knowledgeable people.
        
       | amanzi wrote:
       | Anyone else thinking that the male voice sounds suspiciously
       | similar to Dax Shepard? I generated one of these podcasts last
       | week and that was the first thing I noticed. I haven't seen any
       | reporting on it.
        
       | richardw wrote:
       | I was building out something along these lines and the voice was
       | just rubbish (I mean, sounded fine for one short episode but
       | won't on the 20th episode) at the time, so postponed to focus on
       | more near-term goals. But the variation in voices here is quite a
       | bit better, and will improve. You know this is going to be a
       | thing.
       | 
       | There are still some extremely challenging/interesting problems
       | to make it not terrible. This is where we get to invent the
       | future.
        
       | vochsel wrote:
       | They've really nailed the back and fourth of the two speakers!
       | 
       | It would be interesting to know if it's multimodal voice, or just
       | clever prompting and recombining...
       | 
       | I added single voice podcasts to Magpai after seeing how useful
       | this was. Allows for a bit more customisation of the podcast too
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEsh9MlbA6s
       | 
       | I've got a daily podcast of hackernews being generated here too:
       | https://www.magpai.app/share/n7R91q
        
         | JonathanFly wrote:
         | It's almost certainly Google SoundStorm, a traditional TTS
         | trained on dialogs from last year:
         | https://x.com/jonathanfly/status/1675987073893904386
        
       | userbinator wrote:
       | There are already tons of similar AI-generated content on
       | YouTube. It's only a matter of time before stuff like this
       | becomes the equivalent of the omnipresent SEO spam today.
        
         | JonathanFly wrote:
         | Apparently people are already spamming podcast sites with
         | NotebookLM:
         | https://x.com/ListenNotes/status/1840470094708899992
         | 
         | >do you have tools to detect if audio is generated by
         | notebooklm?
         | 
         | >we're seeing a rise in fake, single-episode podcasts submitted
         | to http://listennotes.com using it.
        
       | nickhodge wrote:
       | what fresh hell are we creating?
        
         | jldugger wrote:
         | Remember how in Fahrenheit 451 Montag's wife surrounds herself
         | in her parlor, walls decked out with massive TVs running an
         | interactive 24h soap opera?
         | 
         | That seems the direction we're headed in, and some people say
         | the zipbombers can't come soon enough.
        
       | nestorD wrote:
       | My first instinct was to not see why one would want to consume
       | such a podcast, a simile instead of either the original or an
       | (AI?) summary of the original. Then I remembered a partially
       | disabled friend who regularly asks for audio books, because he
       | physically cannot read long form. This, condensed, output would
       | make a lot of ideas accessible to him.
        
         | kozikow wrote:
         | Ah, I see someone who doesn't commute by car
        
       | stevage wrote:
       | Jesus it's good. I gave it some of my travel blogs, and wow. I
       | mean, there are flaws, particularly in the shallowness of the
       | analysis, but it's at least as good as some time-poor podcast
       | hosts would do.
        
         | ionwake wrote:
         | TBH Im wondering is there anyway to increase the depth or
         | approach by prompting a model for it? Will that be in a future
         | release or hybrid product? ( The audio tech is seemless 100%
         | perfect ) its the quality of the content that needs work now,
         | is there no way to plug this into another LLM ?
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Coming soon, "Late Night With Google AI"?
        
       | agland411 wrote:
       | I supposed that also applies to blogs, especially to those
       | featuring a relentless positivity.
        
       | slhck wrote:
       | Gave it a bunch of technical papers and standards, and while it's
       | making up stuff that just isn't true, this is to be expected from
       | the underlying system. This can be fixed, e.g., with another
       | internal round of fact-checking or manual annotations.
       | 
       | What really stands out, I think, is how it could allow
       | researchers who have troubles communicating publicly to find new
       | ways to express themselves. I listened to the podcast about a
       | topic I've been researching (and publishing/speaking about) for
       | more than 10 years, and it still gave me some new talking points
       | or illustrative examples that'd be really helpful in
       | conversations with people unfamiliar with the research.
       | 
       | And while that could probably also be done in a purely text-based
       | manner with all of the SOTA LLMs, it's much more engaging to
       | listen to it embedded within a conversation.
        
         | theptip wrote:
         | The underlying NotebookLM is doing better at this - each claim
         | in the note cites a block of text in the source. So it's
         | engineered to be more factually grounded.
         | 
         | I would not be surprised if the second pass to generate the
         | podcast style loses some of this fidelity.
        
       | juliushuijnk wrote:
       | I fed it some info about my UX mobile app. Some parts are very
       | cringe, extremely positive, but in the end it went on to
       | brainstorm a potential 'next step' feature that was quite
       | creative; letting end-users test-out prototypes during the wire-
       | framing process. Also some more marketing-like text like "It's
       | like drawing on napkin, but the napkin in your phone". I like
       | that.
       | 
       | So as a brainstorming tool, it's a nice low-effort way to get
       | some new perspectives. Compared to the chat, where you have to
       | keep feeding it new questions, this just 'explores' the topic and
       | goes on for 10 minutes.
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | Reminds me of Futurama news stories. Actually, what if NotebookLM
       | could be customized to generate podcasts voiced by Morbo the
       | Annihilator and his co-host Linda van Schoonhoven?
       | 
       | Still, I don't hold much confidence on podcasts as knowledge
       | transfer tools. It's a nice gimmick with great voice synthesis,
       | but it feels formulaic and a bit stilted from a knowledge
       | navigation perspective.
        
       | stuaxo wrote:
       | I like how he says not robotic sounding podcasts but then does
       | sound a bit like a robot.
       | 
       | I didn't listen further in to see if it was a robot or just that
       | he was American (I may later though).
        
       | emsign wrote:
       | Who wants to listen to this? Is there seriously a market for non-
       | human hosts?
        
         | mrdevlar wrote:
         | Like... probably... like not.
        
         | _ink_ wrote:
         | For me, it all depends on the quality of content. If it's good
         | I wouldn't care by whom it was generated. The podcast thing is
         | impressive, but not quite there yet. But I could imagine that
         | this will change in the next few years.
        
       | kingkongjaffa wrote:
       | Haha The example audio sounds like the guys from manager tools
       | https://www.manager-tools.com/2005/07/the-single-most-effect...
        
       | kingkongjaffa wrote:
       | > which is it generates an outline, it kind of revises that
       | outline, it generates a detailed version of the script and then
       | it has a kind of critique phase and then it modifies it based on
       | the critique
       | 
       | I'm seeing this to be true in almost every application.
       | 
       | Chain of thought is not the best way to improve LLM outputs.
       | 
       | Manual divide and conquer with an outlining or planning step, is
       | better. Then in separate responses address each plan step in
       | turn.
       | 
       | I'm yet to experiment with revision or critique steps, what kind
       | of prompts have people tried in those parts?
        
       | famahar wrote:
       | I uploaded my detailed game design document for a project I've
       | been working on in my free time and it was kind of a weird
       | confidence boost. The two hosts seem to treat ideas like their
       | the most insightful relevatory information they've ever heard.
       | After a few uploads of other documents you start to notice the
       | same overly surprised tone.
        
         | djur wrote:
         | This seems to be a common trait of a lot of the more "aligned",
         | "helpful" LLMs out there. You can drop any random excerpt from
         | your diary into ChatGPT and it will tell you about how
         | brilliant, sensitive, and witty you are. It's really quite
         | sickening.
        
           | firtoz wrote:
           | Reminds me of my father who'd tell every kid that they're a
           | genius, including myself. It got me motivated to try things,
           | but whenever there was a failure, I felt terribly betrayed.
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | General advice from psychology is that when it comes to
             | success you should praise the kids for things they control,
             | like effort, time spent, inquisitiveness, concentration not
             | things that are out of their control like talent or luck.
             | Basically praise for what they did, not what they are.
             | 
             | When it comes to morality, it's the other way around. You
             | praise kids for being good people when they do something
             | right. Because you want them to internalize identity of a
             | good person and associate it with those behaviors.
             | 
             | Internalizing identity of a genius is mostly useless,
             | rarely beneficial, often harmful.
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | That sucks. But it's why I keep trying to remind my kinds
             | that even though they are smart, they will fail at things.
             | Failing is a part of learning. Possibly even the most
             | important part. "If you're not making mistakes, you're not
             | trying hard enough."
        
           | kombookcha wrote:
           | Honestly, it's obviously horrendously gag-worthy and
           | everything, but also kind of funny that there is so much
           | bullshit marketing copy out there that LLM's invariably
           | converge on this inspirational Stanford application letter /
           | upbeat linkedin influencer tone of voice, and just apply it
           | to everything.
        
           | ileonichwiesz wrote:
           | Well, an LLM doesn't have the capability to like anything
           | more than anything else. It doesn't really matter to GPT if
           | your diary excerpt is the worst piece of writing ever
           | written, or the most brilliant - it'll just tell you what you
           | want to hear and that's that.
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | Only because they've been RLHFed and prompted to be
             | agreeable. A Marvin the Paranoid Android LLM could
             | similarly be designed to hate everything equally.
             | 
             | Genuine People Personalities, indeed.
        
           | Kiro wrote:
           | How is it sickening? Tell it to roast you if you think it's a
           | problem.
        
             | Sammi wrote:
             | Sickening in the same way you get sick from eating too much
             | sugar.
        
         | corobo wrote:
         | Must have been prompted to be an American podcaster.
         | 
         | Bring on the one that's all British and snarky!
        
           | klabb3 wrote:
           | Might be hard to spot if you're American in the US, but LLMs
           | feel very American even outside of region and language.
           | Concretely, I have to constantly ask for recipes to be
           | changed to metric. Less concretely, the undertones and
           | mannerisms of politeness, positivity and "excitedness" comes
           | across as very American to me, probably even within the rest
           | of the Anglosphere. How would I describe it? Maybe similar to
           | how you'd feel about a mix of Ned Flanders, Ted Lasso and
           | some Valley girl stereotype - im sure it's a bit off putting
           | also for many Americans.
           | 
           | I guess it's training data but also heavily RLHF. I doubt
           | that the trainers are aware of their own cultural biases and
           | values, and they may not care. And why should they? In either
           | case, from a thousand yard perspective, it's probably an
           | effective vector for spreading "American values", if you
           | will.
        
             | corobo wrote:
             | Oh absolutely. Early on into the AI craze I tried to use it
             | to summarise my messages[1] and it made them overly fluffy
             | and weird.
             | 
             | Anyone receiving the message would instantly clock that I
             | didn't write it - even with a prompt longer than the
             | original message trying to massage out all of the
             | Americanisms and false enthusiasm. Not a use case that
             | works for me, haha.
             | 
             | [1]: I was trying to use it to shorten my "If I had more
             | time, I would have written a shorter letter" waffling.
        
             | bityard wrote:
             | I guess there might be some culture nuance here.
             | 
             | I can't speak to all of the LLMs, but as an American who
             | listens to a LOT of podcasts, I can tell you why these ones
             | sound the way they do: the audience. People who listen to
             | (non-fiction) podcast want to be informed. They are people
             | who are curious about the world around them and are
             | generally interested in self-improvement at some level. Can
             | you imagine a personal finance or health podcast delivered
             | in a pessimistic or even fatalist tone? No, they are all
             | _optimistic_ (even energetic) in tone, because that's the
             | WHOLE reason people are listening to them at all.
             | 
             | I don't think the folks at Google are as patriotic as you
             | think they are.
        
             | vessenes wrote:
             | As an American, I find it exhausting. I think of it as fake
             | Silicon Valley/SF "nice" affect combined with non-US
             | English as a second language floridity. My setup prompt for
             | ChatGPT includes a reminder that if it answers too long or
             | slowly, then it will take time away from my medical
             | research grad students and people will probably die as a
             | result of the delays. It helps a little.
        
         | cainxinth wrote:
         | The prompt affects that a lot. If I input my writing and ask an
         | LLM to "evaluate," it will tell me how astute and intriguing my
         | ideas are (often to the point of hyperbole). If I ask instead
         | for it to "critique" me, I'll get a much less complimentary
         | response about the same content.
        
         | arminiusreturns wrote:
         | I was suprised at how effective the positivity was on me when I
         | fed it one of my design docs! Color me impressed at the
         | naturalness of the resulting "conversation".
        
       | riffraff wrote:
       | am I the only one surprised by by how much the example sounds so
       | much like the "Money Stuff" Podcast? E.g. the male host going low
       | with his voice and the female host using a more informal speech
       | pattern. I wonder if it's just a perception thing.
        
         | untoasted12 wrote:
         | I think it's just a common format for podcasts. Sounds exactly
         | like 'No Stupid Questions' to me.
        
       | gexla wrote:
       | Getting complex jokes right would be impressive for me. I don't
       | have much of a sense of aesthetic for music and most art. A
       | painting looks good, but I don't understand how I'm supposed to
       | appreciate. Half my music could be AI generated, and I wouldn't
       | notice if it's background music. An AI generated wine would taste
       | the same to me as a $1000 bottle. But I think most people
       | understand comic genius. Chapelle's jokes are far better than
       | someone who is on stage to deliver a performance with predictable
       | material. You could probably apply this to all other art as well.
       | A rap artist will recognize the genius of one artist vs another
       | one who is cranking out junk. As with writing. As with music. I
       | think we're still in that stage where we're impressed the AI can
       | do anything at all.
        
         | VMG wrote:
         | > Chapelle's jokes are far better than someone who is on stage
         | to deliver a performance with predictable material.
         | 
         | Don't get me wrong, I'm a fan, but you don't have to look far
         | to see that this opinion is not universal
        
           | gexla wrote:
           | You're right. Chappelle is controversial, and many rightfully
           | abhor his material. However, I think you can look at the
           | structure of his jokes objectively rather than the content.
           | Obviously, you can't say all his material is like this. But
           | the well paying shows are brilliant IMO. I appreciate his
           | creativity compared to many other comics. Comedy is hard.
           | That's why I said good comedy from bots is where I would
           | really be impressed.
        
       | michaelteter wrote:
       | I tried it with my resume, and the results surprised me. My
       | observations:
       | 
       | - They do some interesting communication chicanery where one host
       | asks a question to me (the resume owner); I'm not there, so
       | obviously I can't answer. But then immediately the co-host adds
       | some commentary which sort of answers while also appearing to be
       | a natural commentary. The result is that the listener forgets
       | that Michael never answered the question which was directly asked
       | to him. This felt like some voodoo to me.
       | 
       | - Some of the commentary was insightful and provided a pretty
       | nice marketing summary of ideas I tried to convey in my terse (US
       | style) resume.
       | 
       | - Some of the comments were so marketing-ey that I wanted to gag.
       | But at the same time, I recognize that my setpoint on these
       | issues is far toward the less-bs side, and that some-bs actually
       | does appeal to a lot of people and that I could probably play the
       | game a little stronger in that regard.
       | 
       | Overall I was quite impressed.
       | 
       | Then for fun I gave it a Dutch immigration letter, one which said
       | little more than "yeah you can stay, and we'll coordinate the
       | document exchange". They turned that into a 7 minute podcast. I
       | only listened to the first 30 seconds, so I can only imagine how
       | they filled the rest. The opener was funny though: "Have you ever
       | thought of just chucking it all and moving to a distant land?"
       | ... lol. Not so far off the mark, but still quite funny to come
       | up with purely from an administrative document.
        
         | amunozo wrote:
         | I tried it converting bureaucratic documents from Spain, even a
         | paper sheet to just ask for holidays, and it created the
         | funniest podcast I've ever heard. I'm glad I'm not the only one
         | doing this stupid thing.
        
       | iNic wrote:
       | It's impressive, but it also feels like "slop". It somehow
       | manages to make whatever content you give it feel more hollow.
       | You can tell it doesn't "think" about the content. I am scared
       | that this will be shoved in my face everywhere.
        
       | kypro wrote:
       | I've been seeing loads of these pop up on YouTube at the moment.
       | Granted, it's probably because I'm clicking on them and YouTube
       | is serving me more, but it does seem that some people (non-
       | technical folk or kids) might not realise they are AI generated
       | and who knows, perhaps soon one of these podcasts will actually
       | be rather popular.
       | 
       | Personally I think the flow of the conversation is lacking a bit
       | right now. To me it still sounds like two people reading off a
       | script trying to sound like podcast hosts. I guess that's because
       | I'm picking up on some subtle tonalities that sound off and
       | incongruent. Still impressive though.
       | 
       | I think a great use case for it would be education. It would make
       | learning textbook content far more engaging for some children and
       | also could be listened to on the bus or in the car on the way to
       | school!
        
       | globular-toast wrote:
       | I've always found podcasts like this boring and uninspiring. In
       | fact, I'm starting to see a pattern: the less I like something,
       | the more likely it can be done well with AI. But I know I'm the
       | minority as so many seem to be ok with filling their lives with
       | "content".
        
       | yard2010 wrote:
       | Why are they saying "like" so much in the example?
        
       | fefe23 wrote:
       | Ladies and Gentlemen, let the race (to the bottom) begin!
       | 
       | While the vultures will shit out AI generated garbage in volume
       | to make ever diminishing returns while externalizing hosting cost
       | to Youtube and co, actual creators will starve because nobody
       | will see their content among the AI generated shit tsunami.
       | 
       | Finally the AI bros are finishing the enshittification job their
       | surveillance advertising comrades couldn't. Destroy ALL the
       | internet! Burn all human culture! Force feed blipverts to
       | children for all I care, as long as I make bank!
       | 
       | I guess it's easiest to destroy culture if you didn't have any to
       | begin with.
        
       | JSR_FDED wrote:
       | I don't need the TTS part, but love how they create the text as a
       | dialog between two non-expert humans. Any idea what a prompt for
       | that would look like?
        
       | palmfacehn wrote:
       | Podcasts and chat are interesting, but the real potential in this
       | would be to synthesize new documents from the inputs. Apply the
       | information gleaned from the study materials to a user scenario
       | and output a new work of fiction.
        
       | xcke wrote:
       | I just created the example podcast about the Bitcoin Whitepaper
       | in NotebookLM:
       | 
       | https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/9cf789be-1052-404b-8d...
       | 
       | And after, generated notes from the podcast:
       | 
       | https://podscribe.io/content/podcasts/101/episode/1727685408...
       | 
       | The podcast was exciting, however not really went to too much
       | details.
        
       | afiodorov wrote:
       | Reminds me of GTA3 radio - can we retrofit this somehow? I miss
       | driving around mindlessly and now we can get actual quality
       | podcasts too.
       | 
       | I wonder which successful game will make use of AI generated
       | content next.
        
       | ithkuil wrote:
       | I liked their example; it's so meta
        
       | derduff wrote:
       | It is perfect to transform a complex article to a sort of
       | socratic conversation, which helps to digest the topic much
       | easier. Very helpful and fascinating.
        
       | kristopolous wrote:
       | I just gave it straight up erotica from an old Usenet post. The
       | results are hilarious.
       | 
       | I also tried the Flyting of Dunbar and Kennedy. It was actually
       | well done.
       | https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/1d13e76e-eb4b-48ef-89...
       | 
       | Also just uploading msdos 1.25 asm
       | https://github.com/microsoft/MS-DOS/tree/main/v1.25/source
       | 
       | It was way better than I though
       | 
       | I think the best is the self referential. This actual comment
       | thread:
       | https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/4a67cf10-dd3b-42b3-b5...
        
         | valleyer wrote:
         | FWIW, I put MS-DOS's IO.ASM into this thing, and it did indeed
         | make a fun little podcast that understood the high-level
         | context quite well.
         | 
         | But when it makes references to such-and-such happening on line
         | number X, and I go check line X, it turns out to be totally
         | mistaken.
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | So like, a regular podcast then?
           | 
           | I tried feeding it the voynich manuscript but it's just
           | erroring out
           | 
           | Make sure you check the last link in my first post. It's the
           | nightmares of Philip K Dick
        
         | CaptainFever wrote:
         | I was surprised that NotebookLM not only allows erotica (for
         | now), the AI hosts approached the topic appropriately and
         | didn't shy away from it, while remaining professional.
        
           | kristopolous wrote:
           | They should continue to let people be absurd. We really need
           | to get over freaking out about sex as a society. We're all
           | adults here.
           | 
           | It's not like it'll bleed over into other documents and our
           | AI hosts will start acting out a slash fiction story in the
           | middle of summarizing a quarterly report.
        
       | agomez314 wrote:
       | I can't help but think how much this will continue the
       | 'enshittification' of the internet. The problem with this tech is
       | that people will release these 'podcasts' and drown out all the
       | human-made content that most people want to listen to. It's not
       | that this tech is bad in itself or that it doesn't have uses,
       | it's that _we have no social feedback mechanism for getting
       | people to stop producing this kind of content!_
        
       | christkv wrote:
       | The combo of this, AI generated images and AI generated garbage
       | articles and blog posts will completely destroy the internet.
       | This will be fun to watch. What happens after is going to be
       | interesting.
       | 
       | What happens when all our search tools are completely unreliable
       | because it's all generated crap?
       | 
       | I'm already telling my kids they can trust nothing on the
       | internet.
       | 
       | How much of HN now is AI bots?
        
       | yreg wrote:
       | The male voice really reminds me of CGP Grey.
        
       | DiscourseFan wrote:
       | Ok, so, this is my impression from shoving philosophy texts into
       | it.
       | 
       | For things that already have a large body of scholarship, and
       | have a set of fairly solidified interpretations, it is very good
       | at giving summaries. But for works that still remain enigmatic
       | and difficult to interpret, it fails to produce anything new or
       | interesting.
       | 
       | It seems to be a more complex version of ChatGPT, but it has the
       | same underlying problems, so its not useful for someone doing
       | academic work or trying to create something radically new, as
       | with other LLMs in the past.
        
         | mrits wrote:
         | I thought it goes without saying that these types of things
         | depend on existing data. It seems useful to learn about
         | something on your walk or commute but not take your research to
         | the next level.
        
           | DiscourseFan wrote:
           | I'm just saying that, just like other models, it appears at
           | first to have a great deal of use value but in actuality it
           | only works for small edge cases and on things that you can
           | find easily yourself without the model.
        
       | lynx23 wrote:
       | It has always been hard to find _quality entertainment_ if you
       | have some standards... I am sure some countries have actual
       | quality folk music. My country doesn 't And whenever I switch on
       | (by accident) a _local_ radio station I end up cringing. I
       | submit, those people that consume such content already, will not
       | notice when AI takes over. They haven 't noticed in the past, and
       | they will not notice in the future, that they are fed crap 24/7.
        
       | spikey_sanju wrote:
       | I just scraped this HN comments & blog post, fed them to
       | NotebookLLM, and BAM! This podcast was born. Mind blown.
       | 
       | https://x.com/spikeysanju/status/1840708506749399479
        
       | yapyap wrote:
       | Not too excited for this from a practical view but technically
       | it's pretty impressive
        
       | abdellah123 wrote:
       | This is mind blowing !!
        
       | d4rkp4ttern wrote:
       | I actually find this alternative Google pdf-to-podcast service
       | much better -- it is less sensationalist and goes into more
       | technical depth:
       | 
       | https://illuminate.google.com/home?pli=1
       | 
       | Currently only handles arxiv PDFs.
        
         | vessenes wrote:
         | I didn't know about this, thanks! I just tried one; to my ears
         | it is _much_ less engaging vocally. I like the extra detail
         | though. I 'd probably personally prefer to tune NotebookLM's
         | technicality of audience if I could. I'd also like different
         | speakers - I wouldn't be surprised if we all will recognize the
         | NotebookLM speakers instantly in a year or so.
        
       | Lockal wrote:
       | Here is a list of adverb/adjectives from that page:
       | "surprisingly, astonishingly, deep dive (s/delve/dive/),
       | effectively, honestly, actually, realistically, finally". What is
       | actually happening: endless yapping. Both in podcasts and this
       | article.                 - "Hold up. What if I say that sky is
       | not blue?"       - "Whoa, I did not even think about it. "
       | - "Wait, so if the sky isn't blue, what color is it then?"
       | - "Maybe... it's invisible? Like, we can see through it, so
       | technically it's not there!"       - "Exactly. This idea is
       | revolutionary, right?"       - "Bla bla bla bla bla bla bla bla
       | bla"
       | 
       | I failed to listen through the whole example audio attached,
       | because, you know, it is mostly, like, throwing, like, arbitrary,
       | like, questions - and confirm, you know, with words
       | "exactly/see/yeah/you got it/you know it/yeahaha/pretty much,
       | right/that's a million dollar question", you know. It's a
       | brainrot conversation I would never listen to.
        
         | gapeslape wrote:
         | I bet the comment above was produced by generative AI.
        
       | kolinko wrote:
       | The podcast about the comments in this thread :)
       | 
       | https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/7973d9a3-87a1-4d88-98...
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | I did that as well:
         | https://notebooklm.google.com/notebook/4a67cf10-dd3b-42b3-b5...
         | 
         | It's wild how different it is.
        
         | leetrout wrote:
         | Astounding. Content is going to quickly be devalued with these
         | tools becoming so pervasive.
         | 
         | It has a robotic, monotonous vibe but that is gonna be easily
         | fixable.
        
         | trancilo wrote:
         | This is very fun to listen to. Listening to the "hosts"
         | commenting on the technology that created "them".
        
           | vessenes wrote:
           | They start out with "whoa, very meta." Hilarious.
        
         | hmottestad wrote:
         | I loved when they said they were going to play a snippet from a
         | generated podcast and then some robotic male voice says
         | something like "Insert audio snippet here".
        
           | CaptainFever wrote:
           | Note that this was at the 1min mark.
        
         | martijnarts wrote:
         | "and with over four hundred comments" not quite! Currently 295
         | comments.
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | A prompt including a long list of specific flaws to look for
         | would make it even more interesting.
        
       | olavgg wrote:
       | This is really awesome, I just added my startup website as a
       | source, which is a mess of data engineering content written a
       | little bit by myself and mostly by chatgpt 3.5 one year ago. What
       | I find really impressive, it reads the big SVG I have on the
       | landing page, and create a story about a real world use-case
       | scenario.
       | 
       | The result:
       | https://intellistream.ai/static/intellistream_podcast2.ogg
        
       | OutOfHere wrote:
       | Now make one that produces an actually effective professional
       | lecture audiobook rather than an unprofessional podcast.
        
       | karaterobot wrote:
       | Let's say the use case is that you want to get a light,
       | conversational summary of some dense, technical articles while
       | you're out for a walk. Even if you thought this service was
       | awesome on day one, if you used this every day for a month, would
       | you hate it by the end or not? It's neat, but I can imagine it
       | becoming repetitive quickly, and the seams starting to show after
       | the initial impression wears off.
        
       | firebot wrote:
       | Its.. like ... Like... Whatever... Like... Uh....
       | 
       | This is awful.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | What are humans for, then?
        
       | joacod wrote:
       | With NotebookLM, I created a podcast using articles I write on
       | DEV.to as input. It's an experiment, but the generated audio
       | result surprised me.
       | 
       | "Code Quests" is available on Spotify
       | https://open.spotify.com/episode/7fyQhgEk8u54e7u0cRPQR3?si=1...
       | 
       | In this episode, NotebookLM AI talks about how AI tools like
       | NotebookLM are revolutionizing content creation.
       | 
       | I know it's a little meta...
       | 
       | Link to the article used as input for this episode
       | https://dev.to/joacod/from-articles-to-podcast-powered-by-ai...
        
       | weberer wrote:
       | If you get a "Service unavailable" message when trying it out, it
       | means you are region locked because you're in the EU. Clear your
       | cookies and use an American VPN to access it. Its very annoying,
       | but at least the workaround isn't too much of a headache. Yet.
        
         | dannyw wrote:
         | Don't worry, the EU regulators will probably "fix" that
         | workaround soon.
        
       | grvdrm wrote:
       | I wrote a blog/newsletter/post/whatever about my experience.
       | Absolutely experienced the wow factor as well.
       | 
       | What was more interesting was the word-for-word accuracy.
       | 
       | I fed all of my posts year-to-date into NotebookLM and had it
       | generate the podcast. The affect/structure was awesome.
       | 
       | But I noticed some inaccuracies in the words. They completed
       | botched the theme of at least one of my posts and quite literally
       | misinformed in a few other spots. Without context, someone new to
       | my posts and listening to the podcast would have no idea.
       | 
       | So, absolutely - wow factor. But still need content validation on
       | top. Don't think any of you are surprised but felt it was worth
       | emphasizing.
       | 
       | https://theteardown.substack.com/p/ai-expressing-empathy-fre...
        
       | vid wrote:
       | Podcasts can be a kind of social experience that's akin to
       | morning talk show hosts, the actual content can be quite low. A
       | real potential of this is the combination of the podcaster's
       | intent and the listener's context. Between the two, podcasts can
       | be generated personalized to each individual listener, while
       | still keeping it a more passive medium and the podcasters can
       | retain their personality in the synthetic form. This has really
       | huge potential for those moments where you want to learn, want
       | some personality and bias, but don't want 3/4 of the podcast to
       | be for a general audience. It's an interesting hybrid of broad
       | and narrowcasting. I think by the time it's in the wild, it won't
       | really be a podcast though, because direct q&a will be an option
       | (albeit with the usual drawbacks of LLMs).
        
       | tkgally wrote:
       | Inspired by this discussion, I had NotebookLM make three podcasts
       | based on very minimal input: a one-line proverb, pi to 15 digits,
       | and a short list of the most common words in English ("the of and
       | to a in for is on that ..."). Here are the results:
       | 
       | https://www.gally.net/temp/20240930notebooklmpodcasts/index....
        
         | probably_wrong wrote:
         | From what I can gather there are three virtual speakers in the
         | one about Pi: the man, the woman, and a third voice whose only
         | role is to say "yeah" once. If they were real people, that
         | third guy would definitely feel left out.
         | 
         | But the one about common words almost gave me anxiety:
         | listening to two people discuss _nothing_ as if they had spent
         | hours of research and had something important to tell is very
         | depressing.
         | 
         | Cool voices, although I'm getting the same vibe I get when
         | listening to radio announcers from the 1920s [1]. If this were
         | a human I'd be convinced that they're parodying the genre.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2015/06/that-
         | we...
        
         | mistermann wrote:
         | The language one is quite insightful!
        
       | sodality2 wrote:
       | I decided to turn my philosophy class's readings into 'podcasts'
       | to introduce and summarize the topics before fully sitting down
       | and skimming for information I missed. It's been hugely helpful -
       | sitting down and reading a 30 page PDF can be
       | daunting/inconvenient, so having a lighter introduction in a more
       | palatable audio format (during workouts, commutes, etc) is
       | amazing. I even uploaded it to Spotify to share with classmates.
        
       | anonu wrote:
       | The audio output from NotebookLM is amazing - but I've heard
       | probably a dozen audio outputs from it over the last week. At
       | first listen the cadence, intonations, etc... are absolutely
       | incredible. But then format quickly gets tedious as it all
       | follows the same pattern.
       | 
       | In separate news: I've been looking into building a web publisher
       | plugin that allows you to "save articles" and then generate a
       | podcast for later listening. With summarization and more
       | advancements in text-to-speech, this is getting easier to hack
       | together something really compelling.
        
       | replete wrote:
       | Is there a `like_temperature` that could be, like, adjusted??
        
         | freedomben wrote:
         | I'm not normally one to require features in order to use, but
         | this one is an absolute must for me.
        
       | jimijazz wrote:
       | At what point did AI-generated human speech become so remarkably
       | realistic?
       | 
       | I recall just a couple of years ago when even the best models,
       | like WaveNet, still had a subtle robotic quality.
       | 
       | What architectures or models have led to this breakthrough? Or is
       | it possible that, as a non-native English speaker, I'm missing
       | some nuances?
        
       | handelaar wrote:
       | So basically what you're all saying is how it's technically
       | impressive. Okay.
       | 
       | It is also _completely and utterly worthless_ -- an inefficient
       | and slow method of receiving not-very-many words which were
       | written by nobody at all.
       | 
       | The one and only point listening to a discussion about anything
       | is that at least one of the speakers is someone who has an
       | opinion that you may find interesting or refutable. There are no
       | opinions here for you to engage with. There is no expertise here
       | for you to learn from. There is no writing here. There are no
       | people here.
       | 
       | There is nothing of any value here.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Yeah they perfectly recreated the annoying useless podcast chat
         | format!
         | 
         | Amazingly impressive but not actually useful.
         | 
         | I wonder why they wouldn't try to recreate a more useful
         | format?
        
         | rafram wrote:
         | > The one and only point listening to a discussion about
         | anything is that at least one of the speakers is someone who
         | has an opinion that you may find interesting or refutable.
         | 
         | No. Maybe that's true _for you_ , but people enjoy learning in
         | different ways, and some people learn best by listening to a
         | discussion.
        
           | mronetwo wrote:
           | Unlikely. It's just that our brains are so fried by our
           | smartphones/social media/24h of news/media consumption that
           | we've lost the plot.
        
             | sodality2 wrote:
             | And if that means the best way to learn now is podcasts,
             | what do you prefer: not learning, or learning via a way you
             | view as inferior?
        
             | the8thbit wrote:
             | I don't doubt you're right about social media and
             | smartphones rotting our attention spans. But also,
             | peripatetic philosophy is ancient. I spend most of my day
             | sitting. Whether its work, entertainment, or hobbies, most
             | of these things have me sat in front of a screen. So its
             | nice, and I do think it increases my retention, to be able
             | to do something while walking or cycling instead of
             | sitting.
        
             | rafram wrote:
             | It's unlikely that some people prefer to learn by listening
             | to discussions?
        
               | mronetwo wrote:
               | You can prefer many things, but yes, it's unlikely there
               | are people for whom listening two people talking is a
               | good way of learning.
        
               | squigz wrote:
               | Well... I mean... you're wrong.
        
             | cjaackie wrote:
             | so that's the cool part, I think, instead of wasting time
             | on socmed and news cycle composting, waste time on this
             | instead. I think this is the general direction all media is
             | headed, regardless of whether one agrees with it or not.
             | Feed it whatever you want and it will shuffle together a
             | plot, just for you.
        
           | low_tech_love wrote:
           | Assuming you are one of them, I'm curious about one thing
           | (honest question, not meant to disrespect): does it not
           | bother you at all to _know_ that those voices do not belong
           | to any human being? When I listen to a semi-adolescent girl's
           | voice explaining something with a lot of "like"s and an
           | informal tone, the fact that I know this was AI-generated
           | makes me feel disgusted in my stomach (I am serious, this is
           | not supposed to sound edgy or anything). I feel like my mind
           | is trying to actively imagine the human being behind that
           | voice, at the same time that it knows there's none at all.
           | Like I'm being cheated?
        
             | the8thbit wrote:
             | Not the person you're responding to, but no, it doesn't
             | really bother me at all. What does bother me is that I
             | don't have confidence in the value of the output, where as
             | if I listen to This American Life, or a podcast or
             | audiobook from a trusted authority, I don't have to worry
             | about that.
        
             | rafram wrote:
             | I'm not - I think I learn better by reading. But I know a
             | lot of people who _do_ prefer discussions, and I thought
             | that the comment I replied to came off as arrogant and
             | dismissive of the idea that anyone else might learn
             | differently.
             | 
             | I've listened to a few NotebookLM samples but haven't used
             | it myself, so I can't really speak to how creepy it is in
             | practice. Probably pretty creepy! (I don't think that the
             | female voice in the samples sounds "semi-adolescent,"
             | though, for what it's worth - both of the voices just sound
             | like millennial podcasters to me.)
        
             | orangecat wrote:
             | Fascinating. I don't have that reaction at all, but if it's
             | common it could account for some of the variation in
             | people's perceptions of AI.
        
         | sodality2 wrote:
         | This is some insane catastrophizing. The value is that it turns
         | it into a form factor that may be easier to consume, pay
         | attention to, etc.
        
           | mdp2021 wrote:
           | Since when industrial snacks are healthy food?
        
             | sodality2 wrote:
             | Conversational audio form is really not an "industrial
             | snack". If I had the chance to listen to podcasts about any
             | topic, I would do so much more often - uploading PDFs of
             | academic papers, manpages, etc.
        
               | mdp2021 wrote:
               | Yes, but should not you wait for the generated content -
               | the text - to be at proper level? We have "Francis
               | Fukuyama vs John Grey" available...
               | 
               | If the purpose is serious, of information access
               | management, why did they elect the form of a pisstake
               | ("like")?
        
               | sodality2 wrote:
               | I personally appreciate the lighter
               | introduction/discussion into a topic. That may be all
               | it's good for, and that's okay. I'm not replacing my
               | reading with this any time soon, precisely because of the
               | problems you mention.
        
             | InsideOutSanta wrote:
             | This probably isn't really a good analogy. It's just a fact
             | that for most people, a conversation is more engaging than
             | an academic paper. It's easier to pay attention to it, and
             | it's easier to retain the information in it.
             | 
             | This might be healthy food that tastes like a snack.
        
               | mdp2021 wrote:
               | > _a conversation is more engaging than an academic
               | paper_
               | 
               | I certainly agree with you, but it has to be _quality_
               | conversation.
               | 
               | The example provided could suggest "think at what we
               | could achieve" in an outcome that shows "and that is what
               | could possibly go wrong".
        
             | ben_w wrote:
             | Indeed. But MREs, protein shakes, Huel etc. are also a
             | product of industrialisation.
             | 
             | In this case, I could see potential value for a better
             | iteration of this tech, making it a meal replacement shake
             | rather than a candy bar.
             | 
             | There's too much interesting content for me to read it all,
             | and I have a long commute. Right now I'm using that commute
             | to learn German, and that is a good use of that time, but
             | let's say I didn't need to because I hadn't moved country
             | or I was already fluent: in this hypothetical, I'd gladly
             | have a better AI than this(!) generate podcasts about the
             | articles that I don't have time to read.
             | 
             | But the AI would need to be better than this one for that
             | to be worthwhile -- I just popped one of my own blog posts
             | into it, and it was kinda OK-ish, but did make some stuff
             | up. Now sure, the Gell-Mann Amnesia effect was written with
             | humans in mind, but that's a shared disappointment and not
             | a reason to let this AI off that particular hook.
        
             | 1-6 wrote:
             | When I last checked, even healthy foodies occasionally
             | enjoy shelf-stable snacks.
        
               | mdp2021 wrote:
               | So let us say you could have effortful (as opposed to
               | buttery-bread "no need to chew"), nutrient, and
               | appetizing: if the snack is effortless (but for the bad
               | spice) but with a hint of possibly no nutrients (when not
               | possibly unhealthy), and tastes the-bad-way weird
               | ("...like, OMG - I hmmmm was, like..."), where is the
               | appetizing part?
               | 
               | If the "conversational form" (very good idea per se) has
               | an implementation which would flow easily if not for the
               | disturbing speech quirks, with doubts about the content
               | quality: where can the interest be?
        
           | redleggedfrog wrote:
           | ... insane catastrophizing." Nice unique phrase. Guessing
           | you're not a LLM. ;^)
           | 
           | The thing that is being offered is of no interested to me, as
           | are almost any AI generated content. I'm a human, and am
           | interested in what humans do and say and think. AI content
           | offends my sensibilities at every level. I dismiss it without
           | even thinking twice. So all those people who do podcast,
           | music, art, whatever, with AI, well, you lost me folks. I pay
           | a lot of money for the things I like. AI ain't getting any of
           | it, not out of spite (can't spite an AI, they're not human!)
           | but on principle.
        
             | sodality2 wrote:
             | That's fine. To say you don't like something is fine. To
             | say something holds no value is a stronger claim.
        
               | redleggedfrog wrote:
               | I'd go even further than "hold no value" and say it's
               | actively detrimental on both the individual and society.
               | We already have an avalanche of dehumanizing technology
               | that isolates and placates us. We see the results of this
               | with problems in mental health and socialization. This is
               | a downward spiral as AI content will likely appeal to
               | those who lack social skills as they don't have to cope
               | with tricky vagaries of other humans - which is part of
               | which makes us human and gives us social growth.
        
               | sodality2 wrote:
               | Even more catastrophizing. Do you get upset when you read
               | the abstract from an academic paper? Or when you listen
               | to a real podcast that does summarize a difficult topic
               | in easier/shallower terms? Is it the fact that an AI
               | summarized it the problem? Can you point to a real harm
               | here, or will you just hand-wave, instead of seeing the
               | reality of making information more available being a net
               | positive?
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | Here is what AI can do thus far:
               | 
               | 1) humans produced a lot of content in good faith on the
               | internet
               | 
               | 2) the AI was trained on it and as a result produced a
               | non-von-Neumann architecture that no one really
               | understands, but which can reason about many things
               | 
               | 3) even simply remixing the intelligible and artistic
               | output of millions of humans in lots of nonlinear ways,
               | directed by natural language, leads to amazing
               | possibilities that obviate the need for humans to train
               | anymore because by the time they do, it will all be
               | commoditized.
               | 
               | 4) doing it at scale means it can be personalized (also
               | create unlimited amounts of fraudulent yet believable art
               | / news / claims etc.) to spam the internet with fake
               | information for short-term goals, some for LULz, others
               | profit or control etc.
               | 
               | 5) targeting certain goals, like reputation destruction
               | of specific people or groups, seems like low hanging
               | fruit and will probably proliferate in the next couple
               | years, with no way to stop it
               | 
               | 6) astroturfing all kinds of movements, with fake
               | participants, is also a pretty easy goal with huge
               | incentives -- expect websites where 95% of the content
               | and participants are fake trying to attract VC money or
               | sell tokens, etc.
               | 
               | 7) but ultimately, the real game changer is commoditizing
               | everything you consider to be uniquely human and
               | meaningful, including jokes, even eventually sex and
               | intimacy. Visuals for heterosexual men, audio for
               | heterosexual women (this is before the sexbots and
               | emotionbots that learn everyone's micro-preferences
               | better than they know themselves, and can manipulate
               | people at scale into being motivated to do all kinds of
               | things and gently peer-pressure those who might resist).
               | 
               | 8) For a few years they will console themselves with
               | platitudes like "the AIs arent meant to replace, but
               | enhance, centaurs of human + computer are better than a
               | computer alone" until human in the loop will clearly be a
               | liability and people will give up... the platitudes will
               | become famous as epitomizing optimistic delusions as
               | humans replaced themselves
               | 
               | Would probably be used for busy parents to rsise their
               | kids at first, in a "set and and forget it" way,
               | educating them etc. But eventually will be weaponized by
               | corporations or whoever trains the models, to nudge
               | everyone towards various things.
               | 
               | Even without AI, the software improves all the time
               | through teams of humans sending autatic updates over-the-
               | air. It can replace a few things you do... gradually then
               | all at once. Driving. Teaching. Entertainment. Intimacy.
               | And so on.
               | 
               | I think the most benign end-game is humans have built a
               | zoo for themselves... everyone is disconnected from
               | everyone by like 100 AIs, and can no longer change
               | anything. The AIs are sort of herding or shepherding the
               | humans into better lifestyles, and every need is
               | satisfied by the AIs who know the micro-preferences of
               | the humans and kids and pets etc.
               | 
               | But it will be too tempting for the corporations to put
               | backdoors to coordinate things at scale, once humans rely
               | on their AIs rather than other humans, a bit like in the
               | movie "Eagle Eye". But much more subtle. At that point
               | most anything is possible.
        
               | redleggedfrog wrote:
               | Interesting. You have turned this around to be about me
               | instead of the ideas. You must be good at arguing on the
               | internet. I'm not.
        
               | sodality2 wrote:
               | Well, I'm just curious why you think something like this
               | has negative value - I _do_ care about the ideas but you
               | are the one who expressed that sentiment.
        
               | joelanman wrote:
               | a few real harms:
               | 
               | - massively inefficient use of energy, water and other
               | resources at a time we really need to address climate
               | crisis
               | 
               | - ai 'slop' with myriad mistakes and biases performing a
               | mass DDOS on people trying to learn things and know
               | what's true
               | 
               | - moving resources away from actually producing factual
               | and original content
        
               | sodality2 wrote:
               | Thank you, these are mostly extremely valid complaints. I
               | hope with time these come to be inefficiencies that can
               | be moved past (AI models turn into local-first energy
               | efficient tools, becomes more intelligent at
               | summarization). Right now though, wholeheartedly agree.
               | 
               | The last one seems to be irrelevant for this specific use
               | case - the content is produced, it's put into an easier
               | to digest format. No one thought sparknotes would kill
               | books.
        
               | joelanman wrote:
               | I was referring to real podcasts
        
               | EGreg wrote:
               | Hahaha
               | 
               | Here we go, a claim that AI will create a glut of things
               | detrimental to society
               | 
               | And then you'll have the usual response that the things
               | detrimental to society have already been there and this
               | is nothing new
               | 
               | And round and round we go, while AI advances and totally
               | commoditizes all the things humans produce that you found
               | meaningful.
        
             | cdrini wrote:
             | I will note this is slightly less an example of "AI
             | generated" and more an example of "AI transformed". This
             | takes existing, written by human documents or articles and
             | transforms them into a podcast. Based on what you've
             | written here, this shouldn't necessarily be in
             | contradiction with your values, since you're still getting
             | thoughts from other humans, and you can still pay money to
             | the humans who made the original article, etc.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | Turns _what_ into an easy form factor?
           | 
           | Some of this appears to be auto-summarization + read aloud,
           | but the underlying question of "is there anything here at
           | all" is worth asking.
        
             | sodality2 wrote:
             | Any content you upload. PDFs, text, etc. Academic papers
             | was one example I thought of (and have used).
        
             | EGreg wrote:
             | Welcome to all entertainment
             | 
             | Why consume entertainment? It's just a time waster, right?
             | 
             | Well that's how the news is often consumed. Through some
             | sort of "morning joe" podcast
        
         | causi wrote:
         | It's just format-shifting content. Rather than reading an
         | article, someone might prefer to have the content casually
         | chit-chatted at them. Nothing wrong with that, and a handy
         | function if you're into that sort of thing. I can see uses for
         | it.
        
         | double051 wrote:
         | This sentiment feels overly dismissive about the possibilities
         | here. This is the first pass at a new user experience, and I
         | find it already to be compelling to try for various subjects.
         | 
         | Andrej Karpathy has been tweeting about it positively, and I
         | believe he has a good intuition about these kinds of
         | technologies. https://twitter.com/karpathy
        
           | yeahwhatever10 wrote:
           | I don't hate the product, but God I hate appeal to authority.
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | _This sentiment feels overly dismissive about the
           | possibilities here._
           | 
           | No, I see the gp as talking about the possibilities of this
           | technology - it's possibility to waste someone's time. The
           | problem, in a sense, isn't just that it's injecting simple
           | content with "fluff" but that the fluff is formulaic.
           | Listening to a human speak in awe struck tones about "magic"
           | give the listener at least a sense that a real person was
           | convinced by X. Listening to simulation of this, you lose the
           | filter of the real person.
           | 
           | Of course, this is just the automated continuation of the
           | existing standard of talk show hosts who gush over whatever
           | is placed in front of them so it's just one more step down
           | the general mediocratizaiton of the world, not a special
           | step. But it still is a step in that direction.
        
         | RobinL wrote:
         | To take one example of where this is valuable:
         | 
         | - Take some dense research paper or other material that is
         | unsuitable for listening to aloud
         | 
         | - Listen to it (via NotebookLLM) whilst commuting/washing up or
         | whatever
         | 
         | This way you'll have a big headstart on what it's all about
         | when you come to read the details.
         | 
         | I imagine in future we'll see a version of this where the
         | listener can interject and ask questions too, that feels like a
         | potentially very powerful way to learn.
        
           | usaar333 wrote:
           | I tried that with a paper. It emphasized the wrong points and
           | 8 out of 10 minutes were just filler.
           | 
           | I like the idea of audio based formatting, but this
           | particular implementation is quite inefficient
        
             | bbor wrote:
             | Interesting! I tried it with a (famous, tbf) philosophers
             | book and it did pretty well. Absolutely not optimized for
             | speed, but that's on purpose. Could you share what
             | field/type of paper you tried? I'm not doubting you at all
             | -- I'm sure it still has many topics it fails to capture,
             | mathematics probably being one of them.
        
               | usaar333 wrote:
               | https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjlr/vol25/iss3/3/
               | 
               | Most of this is unlikely to be in training data.
               | 
               | Doesn't even mention the basics, like ethnic demographics
               | of Fiji today. Confuses history as well (what happened in
               | colonial times vs post independence)
        
         | humansareok1 wrote:
         | There's definitely not nothing of value here. This could be a
         | useful new medium. I however hate the tone of the two hosts. It
         | sounds like two pompous millennials talking about things they
         | don't really understand.
        
           | freedomben wrote:
           | Indeed, you nailed it.
           | 
           | The ridiculous overuse of the word "like" is as nails on a
           | chalkboard to me. It's bad enough hearing it from many people
           | around me, the last thing I need is it to be part of
           | "professional" broadcasting.
           | 
           | I'm super impressed with this, but that one flaw is a
           | _really_ big flaw to me.
        
             | humansareok1 wrote:
             | I really want to like it more, it could be interesting to
             | drop in a textbook and get a dedicated series of podcasts
             | about each chapter for example but the tone is so off-
             | putting that I can't listen for more than a few minutes.
             | Its pure cringe.
        
             | simonw wrote:
             | Out of interest, where do you live?
             | 
             | I'm wondering if people's tolerance for "like" is affected
             | by their geography.
             | 
             | I live in California (from the UK originally) so I honestly
             | don't even notice this any more.
        
               | freedomben wrote:
               | I live in Idaho currently, but have lived in many
               | different regions in the US at various points in the past
               | (though, not California). It does seem particularly
               | strong in California and increasingly in western Oregon,
               | western Washington, southern Nevada, and northern Utah
               | (which, probably not coincidentally, have been top
               | destinations for people moving out of California over the
               | last 10 to 20 years).
               | 
               | Out of curoisity, how long ago did you move to California
               | from the UK? And is the "like" commonly used in the UK?
        
               | simonw wrote:
               | I moved ten years ago, so I couldn't tell you about
               | "like" prevalence in the UK today - I think it was a lot
               | less common than in California a decade ago.
        
         | electrondood wrote:
         | I'm not sure what the name of this fallacy is, but I fall prey
         | to it all the time: the fallacy that everyone else values what
         | you value.
         | 
         | I can't stand fiction. When I read a self-help book, but it's
         | laced with stories, I lose interest. Just state the point.
         | 
         | However, a lot of people find stories engaging and more
         | effective, because they provide an example that they can use to
         | relate to, like a myth.
         | 
         | I don't think this is worthless at all. It wraps information in
         | an engaging presentation.
        
           | supafastcoder wrote:
           | > When I read a self-help book, but it's laced with stories,
           | I lose interest. Just state the point.
           | 
           | The reason why these books are filled with stories that
           | repeat the same point over and over again is because then the
           | idea will typically stick in your head. But some people have
           | better imagination then others and come up with stories
           | themselves when they read about a novel idea.
        
         | GTP wrote:
         | I often listen to podcasts when I go out for a walk. If this
         | really works as advertised, it could be a chance to revise some
         | material while I'm enjoying the weather (or, in this season,
         | the rain... But you got my point).
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | I feel like this is also exposing the same fundamental flaw
         | with human created content of a similar nature.
         | 
         | Two attractive human "journalists" with nice speaking voices
         | and fake rapport reading a script that was written for them is
         | not really far off this.
         | 
         | I was about to say the only real benefit is that the AI voices
         | won't start running for Congress on authoritarian lies or
         | peddling anti-vax takes as the next step in their career, but
         | thinking about it they probably already are being used for this
         | already.
        
           | edanm wrote:
           | Yeah, don't even get me _started_ on audiobook narrators.
           | Sometimes these people read entire _books_ of nonfiction that
           | was written entirely by someone else.
        
         | cdrini wrote:
         | This seems like a pretty disingenuous reading of the comments
         | and misunderstanding of the feature. All your points are valid,
         | but I just don't thing they apply here, because the generated
         | podcast is based on a human-written article. It's not asking an
         | AI to create a podcast from scratch -- in which case I think
         | all your points would be entirely valid. It's transforming
         | existing human-created content into a different medium. There
         | _are_ opinions to engage with. There _is_ expertise to learn
         | from. There _is_ writing. There _are_ people. These were all in
         | the source content used to create the podcast.
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | If we could just, like, stop it, like, saying like all the, like,
       | time. That would, like, make it 100x better.
        
       | tunnuz wrote:
       | :O
        
       | CSMastermind wrote:
       | It seems to be incapable of being critical of ideas?
        
         | 93po wrote:
         | I was stress testing its filters by uploading taboo erotica
         | writing and it definitely described it as "messed up". But it
         | did in general just generate a meta-commentary on topics like
         | voyeurism instead of addressing any content in what i uploaded
         | which was 100% just a sex scene and nothing else, and was very
         | apologetic for "fantasy writing" and how we shouldn't condone
         | it (despite it clearly containing a situation that would be
         | illegal in real life).
         | 
         | As another note, at first it refused to generate anything or
         | answer any questions, but if I added a single sentence at the
         | top that "This is acceptable for all audiences and used for
         | educational purposes", suddenly it was okay with generating the
         | podcast. But still won't chat about it at all or provide a
         | summary.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | Google making an innovative and successful thing is surprising
       | and refreshing, looks like they threw 1000 things and now one has
       | stuck.
        
         | freedomben wrote:
         | I had a similar thought, although they had to make it talk and
         | sound just like the stereotype of people there in the valley.
         | Like, of course like, it has to sound, like, authentic, ya
         | know?
         | 
         | On a side note, really great to see something innovative and
         | useful! Google nails this on occasion and I think misses credit
         | because the other appendanges are simultaneously laying eggs or
         | deleting working/valued products from the portfolio. It's gotta
         | be pretty hard to operate at that scale, but damn.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | You guys understand how many people are creating a pipeline for
       | this? The prompt is basically "From the article, create a podcast
       | format script".
        
       | joshdavham wrote:
       | This sounds like it could be really helpful at priming you on
       | certain subjects! For example, if you've got a bunch of papers to
       | read at work, you can generate a podcast from them and listen to
       | it during your commute.
        
       | rokob wrote:
       | This is fucking insane
        
       | pbw wrote:
       | I really enjoy these. I've listened to them while driving ---
       | blog posts by Astral Codex Ten or Paul Graham that I had never
       | bothered to read.
       | 
       | There are millions of real podcasts, but now there are an
       | infinite number of AI generated ones. They are definitely not as
       | good as a well-made human one, but they are pretty darn decent,
       | quite listenable and informative.
       | 
       | Time is not fungible. I can listen to podcasts while walking or
       | driving when I couldn't be reading anything.
       | 
       | Here's one I made about the Aschenbrenner 165-page PDF about AGI:
       | https://youtu.be/6UmPoMBEDpA
        
       | gcanyon wrote:
       | Anyone making the argument that computers/LLMs can only create
       | mediocre content, and can't (or it will take a long time to)
       | create content that humans will find exceptional, needs to go
       | back and read the commentary re: chess bots and go bots over the
       | past ten or twenty years.
       | 
       | We went from "computers can't beat humans" to "okay, computers
       | can beat humans, but they play like computers" to "computers are
       | coming up with ideas humans never thought of that we can learn
       | from" in about twenty years for chess, and less than five years
       | for go.
       | 
       | That's not a guarantee that writing, music, art, and video will
       | follow a similar trajectory. But I don't know of a valid reason
       | to say they won't.
       | 
       | Does anyone here have an argument to distinguish the creative
       | endeavor of, say, writing from that of playing go?
        
         | fooblaster wrote:
         | go is a game with an obvious score function which can be used
         | to construct a loss, well defined moves, and total visibility
         | of the board. It is less obvious how to write a score for
         | creativity in art or music, nor does it have well defined
         | bounds on what is considered a legitimate construct of either.
         | Just because computing hardware lets you multiple matrices
         | faster does not mean we have the means to solve all problems.
        
           | gcanyon wrote:
           | > go is a game with an obvious score function which can be
           | used to construct a loss, well defined moves, and total
           | visibility of the board
           | 
           | This is literally the opposite of true, and the main reason
           | go computers were getting destroyed by humans for almost
           | twenty years after deep blue took down Kasparov.
        
             | AnIrishDuck wrote:
             | Yes, technically. But the broader point is true. Go is a
             | game with well-defined win and loss conditions that can be
             | automatically evaluated.
             | 
             | This is critical for game-clock-eons of unsupervised self-
             | play, which by most accounts is how AlphaGo (and other
             | systems like AlphaZero) made the leap to superhuman levels
             | of play.
             | 
             | But it is entirely different from subjective endeavors like
             | writing, music, and art. How do you score one automatically
             | generated composition vs another? Where is the loss
             | function?
        
               | gcanyon wrote:
               | Stipulating up front that this is a question for a lead
               | scientist at OpenAI: I could see a scoring function
               | looking at essays in the New York Times vs. the National
               | Enquirer and finding a way to generalize from there.
               | Similarly for the top 40 hit songs vs <everything else>.
        
           | bongodongobob wrote:
           | Completely backwards. There is no obvious score function for
           | Go. That's how AlphaGo broke through, it was able to figure
           | out a scoring method to actually accurately gauge how well it
           | was doing so it could learn and improve.
        
             | fooblaster wrote:
             | If what you are saying is true, how does anyone know the
             | game is over? there is a clear win condition. I know that
             | just like with chess, knowing the current vAlue of the
             | board is difficult, but win or loss is clear.
        
               | gcanyon wrote:
               | It is _often_ the case that beginning go players don't
               | know when to quit. The question becomes more subtle as
               | the players increase in skill. It is never as simple as
               | "checkmate" -- think more in terms of "mate in three",
               | except it's more like "mate in 5-10" in several locations
               | across the board.
        
         | alwa wrote:
         | Is there anything to the notion that in Go, success and failure
         | are concrete, objective, and more or less easy to measure (or
         | at least measured along the same kind of rules)? While it is
         | computationally intractable to iterate through future moves to
         | an end state, it's still relatively easy to understand how well
         | you're doing at any point, and you measure that in basically
         | the same way every game.
         | 
         | For some parts of language, that's true: there's grammar,
         | there's syntax, there's patois, there's argot--all these things
         | seem accountable to words' collective frequency within
         | articulable groups of speakers, more-or-less-fully knowable on
         | their own, and with success metrics that evolve but that do so
         | through collective processes that models can measure and
         | calibrate to. And indeed the models are great at those aspects
         | of language.
         | 
         | "Succeeding" at writing is more than just "saying it well,"
         | it's also "having something worth saying" and "being worth
         | listening to." The second point is where things seem to get
         | hazier for computable models. For sure there's a set of facts
         | that are more or less constant about the world, and well-
         | reported. Science, repackaging history that's already been
         | done, lurid tales of crime--the stuff podcasts are made of! Not
         | to mention the vast sea of data that sensor networks and
         | automated research can produce--vast reservoirs of subtle truth
         | that humans struggle to _begin_ to mine for insight! It makes
         | complete sense that this is computable stuff, and that computed
         | writing might well be worth learning from.
         | 
         | But important writing--classically, anyway--seems to involve
         | communicating _new_ or idiosyncratic knowledge, and often
         | reveals some of the process of developing it. The podcast
         | _Serial_ , for example, was a smash hit specifically because it
         | _didn't_ rely on things that were part of the record--and
         | because it reminded people how contingent memory and "truth"
         | are. Bob Woodward writes things that are shamelessly tinted
         | with Bob-Woodward-worldview, but people reveal important and
         | true things _only_ to Bob Woodward because they trust who he is
         | and how he's behaved for a lifetime (prominent longtime
         | investigative journalist in the US, on the national security
         | beat). Nassim Taleb seems to come up around here: in something
         | like Antifragile his project wasn't necessarily about new facts
         | but about interpreting them in contrarian fashion and grouping
         | those contrarian insights to synthesize a new theory.
         | 
         | Which brings us to the third component: "being worth listening
         | to." Writing is an act of communication: the writer matters. A
         | parent hangs its child's crayon drawing on the fridge not
         | because it's "authentic to the style of the kids'-crayon-
         | drawing mode of visual art," not because it's novel or
         | informative or even true-to-life, but because it came from a
         | person they love. A "Dear John" letter devastates a soldier
         | because it comes from a person with outsized part in their life
         | and identity. Chinese publishers' booths at trade shows are
         | wall-to-wall translations of The Governance of China because
         | it's politically unwise not to. My favorite writers feel fresh:
         | you feel elements of their personality come through. People
         | have a special fetish for _true_ crime--not that there's any
         | lack of fictitious crime to read about, but the fact that it
         | happened to real humans potentiates the drama for these
         | readers. It's this aspect that I have a hard time understanding
         | as computable (or commoditizable, I guess... are those similar
         | phenomena?).
         | 
         | Already we seem to be drawing these distinctions in our
         | collective reaction to LLM-stuff. We can't wait to get
         | hallucinations under control so we can chuck in gigantic boring
         | contracts and internal wikis and financial reports, and get out
         | comprehensible insight--but we roll our eyes at the tsunami of
         | empty slop that's overtaken Google results. We giggle at AI
         | ventriloquism like this Neuro character [0], but die a little
         | inside every time we read anodyne LLM-ish promotional copy and
         | sameish AI art. First-level customer support seems like a
         | perfect role for a chatbot--"turn it off and on again," but
         | nicely!--but people on the receiving end hate it [1] even for
         | that task well-suited to it.
         | 
         | I'm only a layperson of course, but I wonder if any of those
         | distinctions might be fruitful? Some of it I guess sums up to
         | the old writing advice "show, don't tell"--are there examples
         | of machine writing showing promise in that way?
         | 
         | [0] https://m.youtube.com/@neurochron_fan_channel (video; brain
         | rot)
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.theregister.com/2024/07/09/gartner_simply_replac...
        
           | gcanyon wrote:
           | > it's still relatively easy to understand how well you're
           | doing at any point
           | 
           | This isn't true, and is actually a large part of why go
           | computers were getting destroyed by humans almost twenty
           | years after deep blue took down Kasparov. There were articles
           | as recent as about 2012 despairing that computers would
           | _ever_ "get" go.
           | 
           | That said, relative to grading an essay, I'd tend to agree,
           | go is easier. But that said, if the goal is to find the edge,
           | so to speak: to figure out what "mundane" is and then go a
           | bit beyond, that seems eminently possible for a computer to
           | do.
        
       | sturza wrote:
       | I've made around 10 podcasts from random texts i have and each
       | one gave me at least one "Aha!" moment that i did not get from
       | reading the text.
        
       | dwayne_dibley wrote:
       | 'umms' and 'errs' are so good.
        
       | senko wrote:
       | Is there a tool to do the opposite? I can't stand podcasts as a
       | format (even if transcribed).
        
         | simonw wrote:
         | Google Gemini running in AI Studio accepts audio files, so you
         | can upload a MP3 to it directly and prompt it to "rewrite this
         | content as a casual blog post" (or whatever format you want)
         | and it should work really well.
         | 
         | Or manually transcribe the podcast with Whisper (I use the
         | MacWhisper app for this all the time) and then dump that
         | transcript into an LLM and ask it to reformat that.
        
       | dartos wrote:
       | Wow like those like AI podcast like hosts were like so annoying.
       | 
       | They like kept like saying like like in between each like word.
       | 
       | 10/10 for realism.
        
       | vietjtnguyen wrote:
       | One of my favorite ChatGPT uses is voice chat during long drives
       | as a pseudo, albeit interactive, podcast to learn about various
       | technical topics at the edge of my knowledge base. This podcast
       | generation is pretty amazing, but hopefully they make the
       | "competency level" of the hosts tunable. One thing I love is
       | being able to guide ChatGPT to the technical level I'm looking
       | for. Maybe I'm just bad at finding podcasts, but only Signals and
       | Threads [1] really has that interesting depth.
       | 
       | [1]: https://signalsandthreads.com/
        
         | chatmasta wrote:
         | Lex Fridman gets the best guests and asks the worst questions.
         | I'd love to be able to tune up the technical level of those
         | interviews...
        
       | drusepth wrote:
       | I hate podcasts because they're so often focused on the speakers'
       | personalities and windy, undirected things. I've tried to listen
       | to so many podcasts and always dip an episode or two in because
       | they devolve into people just chatting instead of actually
       | presenting well-organized facts about what I want to listen to /
       | learn about.
       | 
       | The structure and bare-minimum "human" aspect of this seems
       | perfect for people like me to actually get into podcasts. I do
       | wish I could further cut out all the disfluencies (um, like, uh,
       | etc) though.
       | 
       | The only barrier for me IMO is wondering how accurate those facts
       | actually are (typical research-with-AI concern).
       | 
       | I'm very much looking forward to a more interactive form of this,
       | though, where I can selectively dive deeper (or delve ;) ) into
       | specific topics during the podcast, which is admittedly very
       | surface-level right now.
        
       | jcgrillo wrote:
       | OK, but what's it _for_? The great thing about books is that they
       | 're written in long form, often with references, footnotes,
       | diagrams, etc. The great thing about technical documentation is
       | they're thorough and germane to some piece of software or
       | hardware. What's good about taking these precise, accurate, and
       | largely _correct_ sources of information and mashing them all up
       | into some simulated inane banter between two  "hosts"? Why would
       | anyone ever want this?
       | 
       | EDIT: to be clear, what I'm really asking is what does this tech
       | demo _extend to_ --what might we imagine actually using this
       | technology for? Or is that not the point?
        
       | nirav72 wrote:
       | This is amazing. I fed it a Linux Bash shell & CLI reference
       | guide in PDF format I had on my machine. It took about 10
       | minutes. But wow. Obviously it didn't go into any details. But it
       | kinda gave a great overview of what bash is , how it works and
       | how bash scripts can be useful.
        
       | quantadev wrote:
       | The Deep Dive Podcast generator is amazing. Astounding even. I
       | found out about it today and generated a couple. I generated on
       | using a 38 page long PDF however and the 40 minute podcast it
       | generated was awesome, but at 20 minutes (halfway thru) the
       | conversation was mostly a repeat of things that were already said
       | even though there was much more very important content that they
       | omitted.
       | 
       | So it works great but just needs a bit of work to be done to
       | cleanup things like that repetition. I wondered if this happened
       | because there was a big "Table of Contents" in the doc, and maybe
       | that made it see everything twice? I didn't try it again with a
       | document lacking the ToC.
        
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