[HN Gopher] FDA approves a novel drug for schizophrenia
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       FDA approves a novel drug for schizophrenia
        
       Author : tintinnabula
       Score  : 220 points
       Date   : 2024-09-29 18:02 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | It's this
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanomeline/trospium_chloride
        
         | kstrauser wrote:
         | > M4 and M1 receptor stimulation indirectly rebalances
         | dopaminergic and glutamatergic circuits involved in the
         | symptoms associated with neurological and neuropsychiatric
         | diseases such as schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease.
         | 
         | Whoa. Wonder if that's being evaluated?
        
           | jmcgough wrote:
           | Yes, it's being tested for autism as well.
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | I wonder what their hopes are for autism. I think the
             | detail-oriented (or at least logic-oriented) thinking at
             | least is an intrinsic part of brain development in
             | autistics, but I wonder if it'll ever be possible to
             | control certain other symptoms of autism through
             | medication.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | It could very well become a cost/reward analysis thing
               | since Autism is a spectrum disorder. People who are high-
               | functioning will probably be fine without the drug, but
               | people who are, for example, non-verbal may be more
               | willing to take it.
               | 
               | I'm assuming such a drug would have drastic drawbacks in
               | terms of how Autistic people think. Similar to other
               | drugs that address mental state, they might not feel like
               | themselves.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | > I'm assuming such a drug would have drastic drawbacks
               | in terms of how Autistic people think. Similar to other
               | drugs that address mental state, they might not feel like
               | themselves.
               | 
               | Knowing how I think, and how I use knowledge, I'm not
               | sure that I'd be better at anything if a drug altered my
               | ability to think in detail. Even if something made me
               | non-autistic like magic, I have a lifetime of autistic
               | knowledge that is structured differently than what a non-
               | autistic brain would need. I could have to learn
               | everything all over again if I were to become unable to
               | comprehend/assemble the logical building blocks that I
               | normally use to do everything.
               | 
               | So I have to assume the drug doesn't actually attempt to
               | treat the core defining trait of autism and only attempts
               | to treat some of the side effects.
               | 
               | As far as I'm aware, even though autism is a spectrum,
               | every brain that is autistic has a particularly
               | distinctive redistribution of connections, which is what
               | results in basically everything. This redistribution is
               | likely what results in the overly logical/analytical
               | thinking (whether it's bottom-up or top-down), although I
               | don't think anyone's been able to prove or disprove that,
               | it's just a correlation.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | Right, but we need to consider outcomes. If such a drug
               | could help those who can't take care of themselves, take
               | care of themselves, that's a very good outcome. An
               | outcome for someone like you wouldn't be very good so it
               | doesn't matter much. But for some, this could be the
               | difference between being institutionalized forever versus
               | living a somewhat independent life.
        
         | therein wrote:
         | Co-administration of an agonist and an antagonist for the same
         | pharmacophore seems like an interesting approach.
        
           | nwienert wrote:
           | Looks like the antagonist is only outside the brain, so it
           | works to counteract the side-effects, pretty cool.
           | 
           | I wanted sort of the opposite of this for opioids - work in
           | the body, not the brain. There's been a few attempts but non
           | that passed trials.
        
             | swores wrote:
             | Would the opposite (work in the brain but not the body)
             | also be a healthier alternative for people addicted to
             | getting high on opiates?
        
               | johnisgood wrote:
               | Yeah, because it is the high they are after, but not
               | working in the brain would make opioids completely
               | useless for depression and anxiety (for which it really
               | does wonders).
        
               | nwienert wrote:
               | My want is for relieving pain in the body without making
               | me feel high, I actually assumed you want it in the body
               | not brain, as the brain effects are the feel-good
               | effects, but really not sure or familiar with how they
               | work.
        
               | nullindividual wrote:
               | Ibuprofen and acetaminophen may already be that option.
               | 
               | https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/2018/0301/p348.html
               | 
               | I believe there are other studies besides this that
               | points to these two OTC pain relievers as being 'just as
               | good' as opiates.
        
               | nwienert wrote:
               | Maybe they work on some small subset of pain similarly,
               | but they really are incomparable.
               | 
               | Opiates could near make you not feel your arm being
               | chopped off, ibuprofen couldn't prevent a light pinch
               | from hurting.
        
               | spondylosaurus wrote:
               | There are prescription-grade NSAIDs that make Advil look
               | like candy, but they're admittedly still not as heavy-
               | hitting as bona fide painkillers. Great for inflammatory
               | pain though.
        
               | girvo wrote:
               | They're also typically pretty rough on your GI systems.
               | Though it's worth the trade-off, usually
        
               | spondylosaurus wrote:
               | Ha, also yes. Unfortunately I know this too well, but my
               | GI systems are worse than the average person's :P
        
               | raverbashing wrote:
               | And there's even topical ibuprofen (or related nsaids)
        
               | gosub100 wrote:
               | A controversial and hypothetical drug which might help
               | addicts would be a companion drug that somehow prevented
               | the development of tolerance. I know nothing about the
               | brain so that's probably laughably impossible, but if it
               | existed it could cheapen the cost of a habit and lead to
               | fewer ODs because they would have no need to chase their
               | tolerance to feel the same effects. It would certainly
               | have other side effects because someone could essentially
               | just remain high 24/7 (in the extreme case).
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | > I wanted sort of the opposite of this for opioids - work
             | in the body, not the brain
             | 
             | That's already how some anti-diarrheals work like
             | loperamide. And some anticonstipation drugs like oral
             | naloxone and methylnaltrexone that work as peripheral or
             | locally-acting antagonists
        
               | nwienert wrote:
               | Yes but loperamide doesn't alleviate pain, which maybe
               | just that opioids only alleviate pain if they do reach
               | the brain, but I did see trials for non-bbb crossing ones
               | that were for pain so not sure what's going on there.
        
               | IAmGraydon wrote:
               | It's possible that the analgesic and euphoric effects of
               | opioids are one and the same. In other words, it's
               | centrally dampening the experience of pain, both physical
               | and mental. One is experienced as analgesia and the other
               | as pleasure, but both may share the same mechanism,
               | making one impossible without the other.
        
       | boingo wrote:
       | https://archive.is/BYzWs
        
       | KomoD wrote:
       | > Cobenfy, set to launch in October, will have a list price that
       | would cost about $22,500 a year. The influential Institute for
       | Clinical and Economic Review this year estimated that a price in
       | line with expected clinical benefits to patients should be in the
       | range of $16,000 to $20,000 a year. Bristol Myers Squibb
       | executives say most eligible patients are covered by Medicare or
       | Medicaid and wouldn't pay the list price.
        
         | givemeethekeys wrote:
         | Didn't some bro from the pharma industry get mercilessly shat
         | upon for charging so much for a life saving drug?
        
           | the_sleaze_ wrote:
           | You're being downvoted for using an easily google-able
           | factoid incorrectly because you're pattern matching on "high
           | drug prices"
           | 
           | What happened was Martin Shekreli purchased patents for
           | existing life-saving drugs and raised the price for them from
           | $1.50 to $30 to cover the cost of the purchasing the patents
           | themselves.
           | 
           | This is an entirely different.
        
             | givemeethekeys wrote:
             | How people feel about facts is much more important than the
             | facts themselves.
             | 
             | The perception of the drug price increase much more than
             | the details, along with other asshole things he did made
             | him an easy target for outrage.
             | 
             | What is the cost of mass producing this new drug? How much
             | profit should the company be allowed to make? Where's the
             | outrage?
        
               | nozzlegear wrote:
               | The company paid $14b for the research to bring this drug
               | to market. Like all Americans -- and all citizens of the
               | world, apparently -- I agree that drug prices in the US
               | are too high, but shouldn't they be allowed to at least
               | recoup that investment?
               | 
               | How can we expect companies like this to continue
               | researching such drugs if not? Especially when, more
               | often than not, the research leads to a dead end or
               | failed trials, and they can't even bring the drug to
               | market?
        
           | desumeku wrote:
           | Legends say that Shkreli was actually trying to rip off
           | insurance companies and left individuals alone, even going as
           | far as to give it away for $1 to people without insurance,
           | but I'm not sure.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | The FDA is under regulatory capture by the pharmaceutical
       | industry, and their approval or lack thereof is one of the most
       | unreliable measures of the safety and efficacy of psychiatric
       | drugs in particular. Schizophrenia diagnoses are almost entirely
       | subjective in nature (there's no reliable biochemical or
       | biomolecular or biophysical test for the presence or absence of
       | the condition) - really the whole field of psychiatric care for
       | mental health issues is about as useful as tuberculosis experts
       | were in the 1850s, before Koch's demonstration of the infectious
       | microbial nature of the disease.
        
         | olliej wrote:
         | No it's under pressure from people who go to the press saying
         | "the FDA won't let me use this drug to help me/my family" who
         | ignore "because there's no evidence it works" as the reason.
         | 
         | The pharmaceutical just has to tell those people that it does
         | work in their particular case and just ignore the studies that
         | say it doesn't, and the media and politicians uncritically
         | report that as "the FDA is mean, let pharmaceutical companies
         | sell new and expensive snake oil and re-victimise these
         | people", then in a few years later the same reporters and
         | politicians berate the "ineffectual" FDA for allowing snake
         | oil.
        
           | dmix wrote:
           | Regulatory capture doesn't mean the entire of idea of FDA as
           | a safety mechanism is bad... nor does a legitimate reason for
           | their existence mean that capture doesn't exist
           | 
           | It is good to hold federal agencies with large power to a
           | very high standard. But that's often not the case as any
           | critiques get dismissed with the "well they have good
           | intentions and can you imagine if they didn't exist?" hand
           | wave tactic.
        
         | 77pt77 wrote:
         | > Game changer in treatment of disease we can't even define
         | 
         | Doesn't quite have the same ring to it, now does it?
        
         | fnordpiglet wrote:
         | I'm sort of surprised to see someone claiming schizophrenia is
         | subjective. Schizophrenia has extraordinarily pronounced
         | symptoms. It's like claiming lupus doesn't exist because
         | there's no single reliable diagnostic test for it.
         | Schizophrenia has very specific and easily observed symptoms
         | and is specifically affected by medications such as Zyprexa
         | that doesn't cause similar changes in behavior for people
         | without schizophrenia or psychosis. However that and related
         | medications have horrible side effects leading most patients to
         | avoid taking it. For people who are or have family members
         | ravaged by schizophrenia this is some of the best news you can
         | imagine - a medication with similar beneficial effects on their
         | loved ones but without turning them into zombies. It feels
         | callous to an extraordinary degree to deny the existence of
         | schizophrenia and to not recognize the benefit to a minimal
         | side effect mediation that can give the schizophrenics life
         | back.
        
           | niemal_dev wrote:
           | This is actually a ridiculous answer. So you claim if you get
           | get cold turkey'ed on Zyprexa you won't hallucinate or have
           | mania? You claim, there are people out there, who take a
           | dopamine antagonist without getting diabetes, organ issues,
           | loss of self (fundamentally this is what these drugs do,
           | deprive of brain function) and ultimately sudden death?
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | I made no statements remotely like this.
        
               | niemal_dev wrote:
               | > Schizophrenia has very specific and easily observed
               | symptoms and is specifically affected by medications such
               | as Zyprexa that doesn't cause similar changes in behavior
               | for people without schizophrenia or psychosis.
               | 
               | By the nature of these drugs, each and every symptom of
               | what you pronounce Schizophrenia would be your daily life
               | once on the poisonous neuro-toxic agents.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | This doesn't seem science-backed and feels more
               | emotional.
        
               | niemal_dev wrote:
               | Whatever feels for you emotional or not is irrelevant. It
               | is science-backed that each and every "Schizophrenia"
               | symptom of a book that resembles the bible and nothing
               | else (going by the name of DSM) is a product of
               | chemically induced damage and torture with neuro-toxic
               | poison.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | It is not science-backed the schizophrenia is caused by
               | schizophrenia medication. That doesn't even account for
               | people who have psychosis evident of schizophrenia but
               | have never taken medication.
        
               | fnordpiglet wrote:
               | I feel like you don't know anyone personally who has
               | schizophrenia or you wouldn't dare to say this. People
               | tend to develop schizophrenia in young adulthood and it's
               | not after taking antipsychotics they take antipsychotics
               | after developing schizophrenia. Schizophrenia existed
               | before the development of antipsychotic medications,
               | that's why they were developed at all.
               | 
               | There's nothing to glorify in schizophrenia- it's in many
               | ways worse than losing your loved ones in a tragic
               | accident. It's even worse for the schizophrenic who after
               | having a normal life descends into paranoid delusion and
               | take on an existence of misery.
               | 
               | I know the right answer here is for me to ignore and walk
               | on but it's hard to do so and leave statements like these
               | unqualified.
        
         | mikhmha wrote:
         | I see this take on the internet a lot usually combined with
         | some statement of how Schizophrenics are secret geniuses and
         | were the prophets of olden times. It just doesn't square off
         | with my own observations of schizophrenics in real life. How is
         | the condition subjective when you see the same types of
         | symptoms across people? I've seen it with men and women
         | afflicted by the condition - always the persecutory delusions,
         | belief that they are some king or prophet/chosen one,
         | disorganized thinking, and word salads. Why is it always the
         | same symptoms? You're telling me that's not rooted in any
         | common condition?
        
           | niemal_dev wrote:
           | > always the persecutory delusions, belief that they are some
           | king or prophet/chosen one, disorganized thinking, and word
           | salads. Why is it always the same symptoms?
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martha_Mitchell_effect
           | 
           | Your argument is as good as calling Martha Mitchell crazy and
           | dismissing entirely possible organized exploitation on a
           | premise of made-up symptoms that are composed of zero
           | scientific evidence.
        
         | amanaplanacanal wrote:
         | Pain is entirely self reported by the patient. There is no
         | objective measure of it. Painkillers must also then be a scam,
         | by your logic.
        
       | rozab wrote:
       | I can't stand this term 'game changer', I started noticing it
       | being used a lot during early covid and then the Ukraine war, all
       | for things which did not turn out to be 'game changers'.
       | 
       | You can see its explosive rise on Google Ngrams. Looks like we're
       | still not quite at the peak
       | 
       | https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=game+changer&y...
        
         | drdaeman wrote:
         | An unfortunate requirement of modern attention/engagement
         | economy. Readers hate this one trick, but for the media
         | outlets, if you don't crank up hype clickbait engine to 11,
         | you're out, or running some very niche business.
        
           | olelele wrote:
           | Readers hate this one trick, click to find out why!
        
         | howard941 wrote:
         | At $22.5K/yr it'll be more money changer than game changer.
        
         | beautifulfreak wrote:
         | "Double down" has a similar chart, another annoying phrase.
        
         | unsupp0rted wrote:
         | In the early days just before and just after AGI, all of a
         | sudden a lot of games will be changed in a short period of
         | time.
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Ok, we've unchanged the game in the title above.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | The audacity of pedaling a drug pricetag of $22,000 to solve
       | someone being homeless when government safetynets won't even
       | offer a fraction of that.
       | 
       | It will probably be sold for $220 in other countries.
       | 
       | But hopefully the compounding pharmacies and anti-pharma hacking
       | collectives will solve the pricetag problem here.
       | 
       | https://www.vice.com/en/article/how-to-make-your-own-medicin...
        
         | johnisgood wrote:
         | Wait till Europe gets generics, it will cost less than $5 per
         | month. My MS medication would cost me $8k per month in the US,
         | costs me $2 here.
        
           | devin wrote:
           | What medication?
        
           | rafram wrote:
           | It would cost you $2 with insurance in the US too. It's a
           | terrible system, it doesn't make sense, but you have to
           | understand that approximately no one pays the list price for
           | prescription drugs - even people without insurance.
        
         | crooked-v wrote:
         | The US will do anything and everything to solve homelessness as
         | long as it doesn't actually involve building more homes or
         | giving homes to people.
         | 
         | I mean that in a fully genuine way. Just look at how much money
         | gets set on fire cycling the same homeless people in and out of
         | jails and emergency rooms and you can see that nobody actually
         | cares about the amount of money being spent, but only that
         | homes themselves aren't easier to get.
        
           | microbug wrote:
           | imagine thinking that the "homelessness" crisis is only lack
           | of homes.
           | 
           | go talk to a sample and you'll quickly find out it ain't the
           | lack of home.
        
             | crooked-v wrote:
             | The point of my comment, in response to its parent, is that
             | people in the US are willing to support _immense_ amounts
             | of money being spent on the homeless as long as it doesn 't
             | involve housing anyone.
             | 
             | I think the institutional structure of most US states and
             | cities wouldn't blink at spend huge amounts on
             | schizophrenia drugs as long as it doesn't involve any kind
             | of inpatient treatment (forced or not) that would put a
             | roof over anyone's head.
        
             | com2kid wrote:
             | For 20-30% of people it is a lack of an affordable home.
             | 
             | If building more homes solves 30% of the problem and this
             | drug solves another 10%, that is 40% of homeless taken care
             | of.
             | 
             | That would be a huge victory that would save hundreds of
             | thousands of lives.
        
             | consteval wrote:
             | The core issue with homelessness is one of how our modern
             | capitalist socieites are laid out.
             | 
             | In order to have a life, you must have a job. This is the
             | underlying assumption that fuels everything. This
             | assumption has a critical flaw: not everyone can have a
             | job.
             | 
             | For some segments of the population, we just "bolt on"
             | fixes to this fundamental problem. 401k's so that workers
             | may still get their money when they no longer work. Foster
             | care, so that abandoned babies who cannot work can still
             | live.
             | 
             | For the severely mentally ill and drug addled, we haven't
             | figured it out. The reality is these people cannot work a
             | job and most will never be able to work steadily.
             | Advancements in drugs may help, but even then there will
             | always be some segment of the population who simply cannot
             | work.
             | 
             | Previously, we took an "out of sight, out of mind"
             | approach. Institutionalize these people. It's cheap,
             | particularly if we treat them like dogs. We've evolved and
             | realized such an approach is inhuman and evil. Now, though,
             | what do we do?
             | 
             | If these people had a basic income available, they could at
             | least pay to help themselves. This isn't a silver bullet,
             | but I believe it's better than the current problem we have.
             | 
             | The true solution is fixing the fundamental problem modern
             | society has: everyone has to work. This is really hard.
        
           | the_optimist wrote:
           | What qualifies to you as a home? Is it "nice"? Fully
           | finished? Large? In a nice area? In an area with good
           | weather? In good repair?
        
             | crooked-v wrote:
             | In short, a couple of hundred square feet with decent
             | temperatures, a sturdy lock, and basic facilities. I
             | believe that the de facto illegalization of SROs in US
             | cities is one of the more prominent factors when it comes
             | to both invisibly and visibly homeless populations.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | We tore down all the slums because they were unhealthy
               | and dangerous, and then shoved all the former tenants
               | onto the streets.
        
               | macintux wrote:
               | Same basic story as asylums.
        
               | Something1234 wrote:
               | School Resource Officers???
               | 
               | What are SROs?
        
               | crooked-v wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-room_occupancy
               | 
               | It's a category that's been mostly legislated out of
               | existence in the US today.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I tend to agree. Unfortunately, such places are illegal
               | to build and rent.
        
           | oatmeal1 wrote:
           | The US simply needs to undo the zoning laws, parking
           | minimums, and setback requirements that make it illegal to
           | build affordable housing.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | First, you need a politician to say: "your home is not an
           | investment, it's an asset."
           | 
           | They would be flayed. Might as well just belt out a "Dean
           | scream" at a live event.
        
         | NHQ wrote:
         | Healthcare in the US is an elite graft, the system will pay the
         | full price. That is actually why prices are so high and
         | hospitals try to keep price tags a secret, because the bill
         | does get paid, and all those executives and investors and even
         | the insurance companies all make off with riches, increasingly
         | paid for by the public. The real crime is setting up indigent
         | people now using drugs on the street to become a massive market
         | for psychiatric medication on the pretense of a pseudo-
         | scientific "disorders" like schizophrenia.
        
           | rafram wrote:
           | > pseudo-scientific "disorders" like schizophrenia.
           | 
           | Are you saying you don't believe in schizophrenia?
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | If the FDA was truly interested in game changing it would lead.
       | As it is, it's a sock puppet for Big Pharma.
       | 
       | https://michaelpollan.com/books/how-to-change-your-mind/
        
       | pjmorris wrote:
       | > a price in line with expected clinical benefits to patients
       | 
       | What would a price in line with recouping R&D and production
       | costs and, say, a 20% profit margin be?
        
         | thefounder wrote:
         | It may not be fair math. The company may bet on 10 different
         | things and just one pays off. It needs to pay off for the bad
         | bets as well.
        
           | gramie wrote:
           | > in line with recouping R&D and production costs
           | 
           | That's the "recouping R&D" part.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | It seems like a previous comment pointing out how investors
           | actually fund new drug development seems to track with the
           | loads of pharma startups working on one thing each.
           | 
           | Run some stock screeners on your brokerage account. You have
           | to work to generate a list without a pharma startup on it.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | A big part of this businesses model is because only large
             | Pharma companies are equipped to handle the regulatory
             | barriers and large enough to negotiate with the PBMs
        
         | jdietrich wrote:
         | In their last 10-K, Bristol Myers Squibb reported an operating
         | income of $8.4bn on sales of $43.7bn, giving them a gross
         | profit margin of just over 19%.
         | 
         | https://www.sec.gov/ix?doc=/Archives/edgar/data/14272/000001...
        
         | cma wrote:
         | You shouldn't look at R&D on one product, since lots fail.
         | Would be like saying a record label that funds 100 artists with
         | 1 being profitable should have a strict 20% profit cap on the
         | profitable one. That wouldn't allow ongoing funding of the
         | broader pool of bets.
        
           | givemeethekeys wrote:
           | How much of the record label's music production is funded by
           | tax dollars?
        
             | throwup238 wrote:
             | David Bowie, Mick Jagger and Keith Richards, John Lennon
             | and Paul McCartney. The list of musicians who were "on the
             | dole" to support their music careers before they made it
             | big is huge. It's almost a cliche at this point. And when
             | they do make it big, their biggest concerts are usually
             | held in stadiums that were heavily subsidized by tax
             | payers.
             | 
             | Besides, Bristol Meyers Squibb acquired this drug for $14
             | billion which is bigger than the annual budget of the
             | entire NSF. For a single drug. Tax payers weren't the ones
             | on the hook for that.
        
             | cma wrote:
             | That's fine but even considering that, is 20% only on
             | successes enough to fund the rest of the portfolio that
             | fails? And will it pass the risk free rate of return you
             | can get from money markets or treasuries or whatever?
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | In what sense are you proposing pharma production is funded
             | by tax dollars?
             | 
             | Selling a product to the taxpayers is not the same as
             | funding.
        
               | cma wrote:
               | Fundamental research slants towards public institutions,
               | advertising and the clinical trials are the main spending
               | the drug companies do, though they have research beyond
               | trials too. Lots of acquiring university spinouts as
               | well.
        
               | wbl wrote:
               | The gap between "one chemical that targets this thing"
               | and a drug is massive. And basic research might not even
               | end up with the first, just the target idea.
        
               | pjmorris wrote:
               | 'Bristol Myers Squibb executives say most eligible
               | patients are covered by Medicare or Medicaid and wouldn't
               | pay the list price.'
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | That's kind of like saying hamburger buyers are funding
               | McDonalds.
               | 
               | Buyer typically do not have a direct say in how
               | businesses are run. They exert influence by either buying
               | a product or not.
        
               | pjmorris wrote:
               | > That's kind of like saying hamburger buyers are funding
               | McDonalds.
               | 
               | If Medicare and Medicaid cover hamburgers.
               | 
               | I could be wrong, but it looks to me like the fact that
               | there's a built-in government-funded ('tax dollars')
               | market is an aspect of pharma calculations.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | Bristol Myers Squibb acquired Karuna Therapeutics, the company
         | behind Cobenfy (formerly KarXT), for $14 billion earlier this
         | year so that's their break even for the drug and presumably
         | what their investors thought was fair. I don't think Karuna had
         | anything else interesting in trials so they have to recoup all
         | of that from Cobenfy before they're in the black on the
         | acquisition.
         | 
         | Pharmaceutical companies offload most of the risk onto
         | institutional investors and the public (most biotechs IPO _pre-
         | revenue_ to fund clinical trials) but the flipside is that they
         | have to pay eye-watering sums to acquire promising drugs.
        
       | tomrod wrote:
       | Per wikipedia, wholesale for the drug is $1,850/month.
       | 
       | I think I echo my prior comments on the US health and pharma
       | system: why?
       | 
       | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xanomeline/trospium_chloride
        
         | relativ575 wrote:
         | Why not?
         | 
         | Software engineer in the US makes 100K or higher. Why?
         | 
         | If you have reasons to believe the price is too high, present
         | them?
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | 1. If prices weren't this high then there wouldn't be incentive
         | to develop these drugs in the first place. There's a reason
         | most novel drugs come from the US!
         | 
         | 2. The vast majority of drugs do not pan out and most fledging
         | companies formed to study them fail
         | 
         | 3. In the US, insurance mostly covers the cost of drugs
         | 
         | 4. In 14-20 years, the drug will be turned into a generic and
         | the prices will plummet
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | > then there wouldn't be incentive to develop these drugs in
           | the first place.
           | 
           | This isn't true. The incentive is to help people. There are
           | many people who are calable of doing that but can't do it
           | afford to. We can just pay for their cost of living and
           | research directly, cutting out the profit entirely.
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | Most doctors, nurses, and even scientists dont work for
             | free.
             | 
             | The incentive to help people is insufficient alone.
        
               | guerrilla wrote:
               | I acknowledged that in my comment, but you missed my
               | point. They don't work for free because they can't in our
               | current system. We can change that.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I dont think they would want to, not to the same degree.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | Rockefeller famously opened up about 1500 libraries
               | nationwide. Free to use public libraries, but the
               | librarians and such were paid.
               | 
               | Meaning, such philanthropy does not require every single
               | soldier ant to be a philanthropist. But it does require
               | them to not seek a "get rich" mentality. Such a mentality
               | is inherently incompatible.
               | 
               | And, for the rich philanthropist, he must be ready to
               | lose money. You and I are but lowly ants, and to us
               | losing money is bad. But consider for someone like
               | Rockefeller, there was 0 quality of life decrease after
               | opening those libraries. Of course, if I open even one
               | library, I'm broke.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Surely healthcare requires many ants who want to be
               | compensated.
               | 
               | For this reason I think the idea that healthcare should
               | not be contingent on profit seeking individuals to be a
               | pretty hollow statement.
               | 
               | It also seems that we have a shortage of Rockefellers to
               | bankroll the US healthcare system as active charity with
               | no profit motive.
               | 
               | That seems inconsistent to claim that people will do the
               | work and donate money without returns in the face of
               | reality where very few people do that.
               | 
               | The response seems to be that people in our current
               | system are forced to seek compensation to survive. This
               | seems easily testable. Cut back doctor and healthcare
               | workers salaries to a subsistence income or even the
               | median and you will quickly see if people flock to the
               | profession or leave it
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | This doesn't align with reality, in which almost all
               | developed nation-states have public healthcare systems.
               | 
               | It is for the benefit of society as a whole that people
               | be healthy. Therefore, it is in the interest of each and
               | every person our healthcare be funded. Therefore, they
               | should all fund it.
               | 
               | It's not like other goods where some people want a toy,
               | and some people don't. It's more in line with education.
               | Everyone needs it, and if everyone has it then things
               | improve for everyone - even those who can't get it, for
               | one reason or another.
               | 
               | In my eyes, healthcare as a field almost perfectly fits
               | the description of what should be a nationalized service.
               | We've taken the jump with other low-hanging fruit, like
               | education. And society as a whole has benefited greatly
               | from no longer having the majority of the population be
               | illiterate.
        
               | slibhb wrote:
               | Developed nation states with public healthcare systems
               | rely on the US pharma industry for an outsize part of
               | drug discovery. It may be better for the whole world that
               | there's one rich country taking the private approach.
               | 
               | Also, the idea that if "something is in everyone's
               | interest, it should be nationalized" doesn't address the
               | fact that free markets are better at matching supply to
               | demand. For example, the UK and Canada have significant
               | healthcare supply shortages that only seem to be getting
               | worse.
               | 
               | To put the previous paragraph another way: having "a
               | right to healthcare" in the abstract is nice but if you
               | need to see an oncologist, waiting weeks/months/years is
               | going to get you killed. In the US this is much less of
               | an issue. Yes it's expensive but when the alternative is
               | "dying of cancer," people are okay going into debt!
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Carnegie?
        
       | imperio59 wrote:
       | Let's remember it was recently proven that there is little to no
       | evidence that serotonin levels are linked to depression:
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41380-022-01661-0
       | 
       | It's pretty much likely to be the same deal here.
       | 
       | Since there is no chemical or biological test one can do to
       | confirm a schizophrenia diagnosis, it's a subjective diagnosis by
       | practitioners, treating such subjective diagnosis with powerful
       | brain-chemistry altering drugs. Worse, we do not yet know whether
       | these new drugs will be easy to get off of. Some of the other
       | anti-psychotic type medication is VERY hard to get off of, such
       | as abilify, where most drug treatment centers will not deal with
       | Abilify withdrawals or take on those patients because those are
       | so severe (extreme violence, self harm, etc during withdrawal).
       | 
       | Until Psychiatry can reform itself to become a real science,
       | using the scientific method (repeatable, provable results and not
       | just a "theory of how brain chemistry maybe works sorta but we're
       | not sure"), it will continue to just be a big cash cow for Big
       | Pharma while hooking many patients who do not need these drugs
       | onto them for life, while failing to effect ANY cure on the
       | things they are treating (Have you heard of someone getting
       | "better" after taking anti-depressants and being able to come off
       | them? No. They have to take them for life. That's not a cure.)
        
         | throw18376 wrote:
         | i'm curious what is the longest conversation you've ever had
         | with an untreated schizophrenic person?
         | 
         | it's so obviously a "real disease" even if we don't fully
         | understand the biological basis. it's subjective but honestly,
         | there are just a ton of completely obvious cases.
         | 
         | abuses of the psychiatric system are very bad, but
         | schizophrenia is so so clearly real.
        
         | crooked-v wrote:
         | > Have you heard of someone getting "better" after taking anti-
         | depressants and being able to come off them? No. They have to
         | take them for life. That's not a cure.
         | 
         | There is no medicine in the world that you can take for a
         | limited time to fix problems forever. That's not how medicine
         | works. That's not how the _world_ works.
        
           | catlikesshrimp wrote:
           | Antibiotics (Most of the time) Everything surgery, I would
           | include gene replacement therapy and auto transplants in its
           | viccinity.
        
           | ClassyJacket wrote:
           | Yes there are? Antibiotics for one.
        
             | copperx wrote:
             | And those that change gene expression, like Accutane for
             | acne.
        
         | Etheryte wrote:
         | This is so misguided that it's hard to even know where to
         | begin. People who develop high blood pressure without a known
         | underlying cause take a pill for it every day for the rest of
         | their life. You could say the same thing, they're not cured,
         | but what actually matters is that they get to live a full life,
         | unconstrained by the disease even if we don't know the
         | underlying cause. Of course it would be better if we were more
         | advanced of a civilization and figured it out, but the
         | important thing is that these people get their lives back.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | > Have you heard of someone getting "better" after taking anti-
         | depressants and being able to come off them? No. They have to
         | take them for life. That's not a cure.
         | 
         | Some people with acute depression can take the meds, work on
         | the underlying issues and taper off, yes.
         | 
         | People with chronic depression likely need to take the meds for
         | life.
         | 
         | People with type I diabetes can't get insulin one time either.
         | People with allergies often take the allergy meds when exposed
         | to allergens, which is always for some.
         | 
         | That's not big pharma being greedy, that's a chronic condition
         | requires chronic treatment.
        
           | smeej wrote:
           | I'll raise my hand here. Took antidepressants for a year.
           | Successfully weaned off of them. Have not had recurrence of
           | symptoms.
           | 
           | I needed the boost to be able to get out of bed often enough
           | to do the work in therapy. That led to being able to take
           | other actions that helped my brain chemistry too, like eating
           | better food, which reduced inflammation, and getting outside
           | more often.
           | 
           | My doc said her experience was about half and half. Half of
           | people were able to wean off successfully. Half ended up
           | deciding it was better to stay on.
           | 
           | Recovery _does_ happen. For lots of us.
        
             | girvo wrote:
             | My experience was the same; they were like a bandage we put
             | on to allow us to heal without infection, for me SSRIs were
             | a mental bandage so I could heal enough to get to a
             | psychologist. I came off them, and was fine. My situation
             | is confounded by my buprenorphine script though, as it's
             | known to be a reasonbly effective anti-depressant in it's
             | own right, albeit via a completely different mechanism
             | (it's an opioid-receptor agonist, partial agonist _and_
             | antagonist. Weird drug)
        
         | toastau wrote:
         | We don't have cures for diabetes, HIV/AIDS, allergies, plenty
         | of ailments. Having treatments is totally valid even if they
         | are taken forever.
         | 
         | People with the guidance of their doctor stop taking
         | antidepressants all the time. External factors aren't static
         | and often these can change. (separately or because of the
         | treatment) You do not need to stop treatment unless you and
         | your doctor have decided it is going to be better for you.
         | 
         | Another point I'd make is that we don't have exact mechanisms
         | for action in other treatments like paracetamol. That doesn't
         | make it invalid treatment.
        
           | catlikesshrimp wrote:
           | What is your doubt about paracetamol? This drug's
           | pharmacology is rather well understood.
           | 
           | About the analgesic activity
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31734950/
           | 
           | About the antipyretic activity
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29738273/
        
         | nullindividual wrote:
         | An enlarged salience network may be responsible for depression
         | in some patients[0]. Some individuals are pre-disposed to being
         | depressed and it may be a chronic condition, like any other
         | chronic condition. For others, it could "simply" be a chemical
         | imbalance that taking medication for a set period of time
         | resolves (lucky them).
         | 
         | [0]https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-
         | matters/mapping...
        
         | jmcgough wrote:
         | I work as an EM scribe and routinely see patients experiencing
         | psychotic episodes. My background is in neuroscience and I'm
         | interviewing for med school right now.
         | 
         | > it was recently proven that there is little to no evidence
         | that serotonin levels are linked to depression
         | 
         | This has been the consensus of the psychiatric community for
         | the last 20+ years. The serotonin hypothesis was heavily pushed
         | in marketing as a way to medicalize depression and convince
         | people to seek treatment for it. Probably a net positive when
         | it comes to reducing stigma, but few people have been seriously
         | arguing the serotonin hypothesis. As it takes about a month for
         | effects to kick in, most people believe that it's compensatory
         | changes to the brain that happen in response to upregulation of
         | serotonin, such as downregulation of 5ht2a which has an
         | overdensity in people with depression.
         | 
         | > Since there is no chemical or biological test one can do to
         | confirm a schizophrenia diagnosis, it's a subjective diagnosis
         | by practitioners
         | 
         | This is true to some degree - we don't have a blood test or an
         | fmri scan that will definitively point to schizophrenia, the
         | diagnosis is (for now) based on DSM criteria and by thoroughly
         | ruling out other causes of schizophrenia. We do have tests for
         | a number of other causes of psychosis, like lumbar punctures
         | for NMDA-receptor encephalitis.
         | 
         | I'd like to emphasize that there are MANY diseases and
         | conditions that we treat empirically for based on subjective
         | symptoms which are just as real as schizophrenia. There are no
         | tests we can perform for concussions or migraines. The brain is
         | very challenging to perform tests on because of the blood-brain
         | barrier and the skull.
         | 
         | > Worse, we do not yet know whether these new drugs will be
         | easy to get off of.
         | 
         | Cholinergic drugs are VERY well understood and used in the
         | treatment of a number of diseases. This "new" drug is a drug
         | that was discovered 20+ years ago and is being used in a
         | creative way to mitigate its GI side effects. Everything so far
         | points to this being more effective at treating the negative
         | symptoms of schizophrenia (loss of motivation, cognitive
         | impairment), with milder side effects (some mild GI issues
         | which typically resolve after a few days), which is a huge deal
         | considering how many people with schizophrenia quit
         | dopaminergic drugs due to the side effects.
         | 
         | One of the biggest problems with our for-profit system is that
         | schizophrenia is comparatively rare and largely affects those
         | with a lower socioeconomic status, so there isn't a huge
         | financial incentive to work on schizophrenia drugs. This one
         | was being developed for another purpose entirely.
         | 
         | > Until Psychiatry can reform itself to become a real science,
         | using the scientific method (repeatable, provable results and
         | not just a "theory of how brain chemistry maybe works sorta but
         | we're not sure"), it will continue to just be a big cash cow
         | for Big Pharma while hooking many patients who do not need
         | these drugs onto them for life, while failing to effect ANY
         | cure on the things they are treating
         | 
         | It sounds like you have an ax to grind against the profession,
         | but I can assure you that there is a huge need for it and that
         | people largely see benefits from medication. For me, SSRIs got
         | me stable and functional so I could better address the root
         | causes of my depression. Psychiatric drugs aren't perfect, but
         | for many people they're truly life-saving. There is evidence to
         | support kindling in some diseases such as bipolar as well -
         | that if you remain unmedicated, manic episodes become
         | progressively worse as the brain becomes more damaged.
         | 
         | Additionally, psychiatrists treat more than just depression.
         | Some specialize in sleep medicine, addiction medicine,
         | toxicology. They are trained to tease apart primary depression
         | from other non-psychiatric diseases masquerading as a
         | psychiatric disease. I saw a patient once who had been treated
         | with a number of antipsychotics by his PCP and mid-level
         | providers for persistent visual hallucinations. He met with a
         | psychiatrist who tried increasing his anti-seizure meds, which
         | resolved what was likely a recurrent partial seizure.
         | 
         | Every drug (sans some off-label use) goes through an FDA
         | approval process and is, over the course of several years and
         | millions of dollars, shown to be effective and relatively safe.
         | I can assure you that psychiatry is as scientific as any other
         | field of medicine. It's still in its infancy compared to some
         | other specialties - the brain is a very complex organ and
         | difficult to study - but we have as good of an understanding of
         | most psychiatric illnesses as we do neurodegenerative diseases
         | such as Alzheimer's, which have been equally as difficult to
         | study and treat.
         | 
         | Psychiatry is not even close to the most profitable area of
         | American healthcare. Psychiatrists are one of the lower-earning
         | specialties, and most people with mental illness never obtain
         | treatment for it. Compare that to the 10% of all seniors who
         | are on Eliquis to prevent blood clots, which costs a thousand
         | dollars a month without insurance.
         | 
         | Trust me, if there was a way to permanently cure a psychiatric
         | disease with one procedure or pill, we would all be in favor of
         | it. Just because a diabetic needs to take insulin for life
         | doesn't make endocrinology a scam.
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | > by thoroughly ruling out other causes of schizophrenia.
           | 
           | This never happens. "thoroughly" never happens. There are
           | many examples of this. Recently a woman who was in
           | psychiatric care fro over 20 years was finally diagnosed with
           | Lupus (NPSLE) and cured.
           | 
           | They did not thoroughly do anything for me. I had to figure
           | it out for myself.
           | 
           | > people largely see benefits from medication
           | 
           | I have a friend with depression and they had her on two
           | adrenal receptor inhibitors (trazadone and risperidone) and
           | she only got worse. They they went to ECT. She had severely
           | constipation (treated with yet another drug, Linzess) and
           | hypotension as well. They they started her on ECT, which did
           | not work and she lost some memory.
           | 
           | The doctors failed to see that adrenal blockers could be
           | causing her depression. I showed her the science, she asked
           | her doc to stop those meds. She she no longer depressed nor
           | has hypotension or consipation. And now she is angry.
           | 
           | They diagnosed her with schizophernia after they started her
           | on antidepressants 25 years ago.
           | 
           | I am not saying medication are not sometimes useful, but I
           | cannot count the times I have seen patients get worse on
           | psych meds.
           | 
           | > He met with a psychiatrist who tried increasing his anti-
           | seizure meds, which resolved what was likely a recurrent
           | partial seizure.
           | 
           | You are still in med school so I hope you learn more. Anti
           | Seizure meds have been the go to for these disorders fro
           | years. They put me on depakote for my modo disorder 20 years
           | ago.
           | 
           | > Psychiatry is not even close to the most profitable area of
           | American healthcare.
           | 
           | Psych pharm businesses are very profitable though, and that
           | is what we are talking about here.
           | 
           | > Trust me, if there was a way to permanently cure a
           | psychiatric disease with one procedure or pill, we would all
           | be in favor of it.
           | 
           | There is not pill, but there is a method. It is called
           | Personalized Medicine.
           | 
           | And by the way KaRXT is not going to work. You should learn
           | about receptor density changes when people take these
           | receptor modulating drugs. This is why they always fail.
           | There are better ways to manage the glutamate/GABA balance if
           | that is the persons issue which it many cases it may not be,
           | or may not be the fundamental problem. And if the
           | acetylcholine is the problem in schizophrenia, why does M1
           | and M4 receptor in the body have bad side effects but whil in
           | the brain it is good?
           | 
           | I will tell you why, they are using this drug to sedate the
           | patient, not treat the patient.
        
           | idunnoman1222 wrote:
           | After one meeting with her doctor, they gave my daughter
           | antidepressants a the class of drug that's meant to be taken
           | for life. She was just an angsty teenager during covid.
           | 
           | She didn't take them, shes fine, but yall are the devil frfr
           | 
           | Admit this: if you go to a doctor and say anything about the
           | inside of your head that makes them uncomfortable you're
           | getting a chemical lobotomy immediately
        
             | consteval wrote:
             | It's significantly better now, because your daughter didn't
             | get a real lobotomy. Which was the expected treatment for a
             | young woman who misbehaves.
             | 
             | It's not typical to get antidepressants after a single
             | meeting with a general practitioner. In fact, I don't even
             | know if that can happen.
             | 
             | That being said, depression is real, and it does take
             | lives. I've known many people who have successfully
             | survived depression via SSRI's and no longer take them.
             | That's the flip side you're not seeing. I've also seen
             | unmedicated people take their lives.
        
               | idunnoman1222 wrote:
               | -Appeal to worse problems
               | 
               | -Gaslight and hand wave
               | 
               | -Slippery slope
               | 
               | I do agree that women are disproportionately affected by
               | the over prescription
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | I would argue that you're doing the same thing. You're
               | hand waving and gaslighting people who were/are helped by
               | SSRIs. You're appealing to a worst-case scenario, where
               | someone who does not have depression is immediately
               | prescribed medication (incredibly rare, in fact not sure
               | if this can happen). And you're claiming a slippery slope
               | by extrapolating this to other mental health issues and
               | psychiatry as a whole.
        
       | throw18376 wrote:
       | look, if someone has actually have a new drug that works like
       | antipsychotics but doesn't have the nightmare side effects, i am
       | very happy for that person to get filthy rich.
       | 
       | if this pans out the way they hope, by all means give the lead
       | guy a couple yachts or whatever he wants. space tourism, gold
       | statue of himself, whatever. big bonuses all the way down the org
       | chart.
       | 
       | there's the potential to reduce an absolutely staggering amount
       | of human misery here. frankly (again if this pans out) our
       | homelessness crisis would look very different if this drug had
       | existed 20 years ago, when the mechanism of action was
       | discovered.
       | 
       | the people who cared enough and took a huge concentrated risk to
       | do this should just get rich, if in fact it pans out.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | _> the people who cared enough and took a huge concentrated
         | risk to do this should just get rich, if in fact it pans out._
         | 
         | They already did. Bristol Myer Squibb acquired the company
         | behind this drug for $14 billion earlier this year.
        
         | lukan wrote:
         | "frankly (again if this pans out) our homelessness crisis would
         | look very different if this drug had existed 20 years ago"
         | 
         | Are there numbers, for how many homeless people, are suffering
         | from schizophrenia?
         | 
         | I would assume only a very small number of homeless people has
         | the clinical condition, but those who have it, are just very
         | visible. Most homeless people are hidden usually and avoid
         | attention.
        
           | dgacmu wrote:
           | It's actually quite high. 10%+ in this meta-analysis, and 21%
           | with some form of psychosis.
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6880407/
           | 
           | If I were to guess, I would say that while many people may
           | experience bouts of homelessness, the ones with schizophrenia
           | are more likely to be persistently homeless.
        
           | throw18376 wrote:
           | this is completely true, but they take up a very
           | disproportionate amount of time and energy from social
           | service providers, people who work in shelters, etc, and make
           | all spaces for homeless people much more chaotic.
           | 
           | the crisis would look very different if it was just a mix of
           | people dealing with drug addiction (but basically lucid and
           | rational) and with poverty.
        
             | lukan wrote:
             | "drug addiction (but basically lucid and rational) "
             | 
             | Serious drug addicts are seldom lucid and rational.
             | 
             | But I very much do get the point, that solving the
             | schizophrenic problem, would help a lot with everything
             | else. (I am just way more sceptical, that this drug can
             | deliver that)
        
           | 11235813213455 wrote:
           | Even those who are not, will probably develop some sort of
           | schizophrenia due to their marginal lifestyle, but I wonder
           | if it's really a "disease", I feel like it's an adaptation to
           | their environment for people who are more sensitive than
           | others. I feel like the pain is more due to the lack of
           | solutions, especially in a city centre, where it's a constant
           | hell for these guys (and for most any other animal actually,
           | except a few who adapted to that: pigeons, rats, some insects
           | but not the most beautiful ones), just my thought
        
             | rs999gti wrote:
             | > but I wonder if it's really a "disease"
             | 
             | Not a disease but a real illness, with no cure but
             | treatment like cancer.
             | 
             | Even with effective treatment, sometimes the psychosis
             | wins, and the patient can backslide into full blown
             | illness.
        
         | codedokode wrote:
         | Homeless people are unlikely to pay $20 000 per year which is
         | the price of the drug though.
        
           | toxicdevil wrote:
           | > Homeless people are unlikely to pay $20 000 per year which
           | is the price of the drug though.
           | 
           | True, but think about all the people who are fully
           | functioning and productive members of society and got
           | afflicted with this disease. This med will increase the
           | likelihood that they continue to be highly functioning and
           | compliant with the treatment. This will allow them to keep
           | their jobs and cognitive abilities.
           | 
           | Every person I know with this disease has trouble sticking to
           | meds due to side effects, and not sticking to the meds and
           | relapsing multiple times is probably one of the most
           | important reasons that their condition regresses.
        
             | lotusZZZ wrote:
             | It's not just the side effects that cause people with
             | schizophrenia to be non-compliant with meds. Many people
             | with schizophrenia stop taking meds because they do not
             | think they are sick - anosognosia. It's why a longer
             | lasting injectable is often recommended over daily oral
             | meds.
        
               | rs999gti wrote:
               | > longer lasting injectable is often recommended over
               | daily oral meds
               | 
               | Both are recommended. Why? Daily meds are not only
               | effective, but remind the patient that they have an
               | illness that needs daily maintenance, it makes them
               | involved in the treatment. Long acting injectables are
               | added monthly to prevent backslides in case the patient
               | forgets or does not want to take their medicine.
        
             | hackernewds wrote:
             | It would be nice if every one could afford it. And people
             | were still filthy rich, but not necessarily exorbitantly
             | rich? It cost the company discovering the drug around $11M
        
           | asveikau wrote:
           | I agree that price feels shockingly high. However, the
           | government can subsidize treatment. As can private insurance
           | policies, before the sufferer becomes homeless, or if they
           | qualify for a family member's plan.
           | 
           | The population suffering these illnesses are already costing
           | the public a lot of money in various forms, it could be worth
           | the investment.
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | If they're homeless because of schizophrenia, and the drug
           | cures that, $20k/year is easily a profitable investment!
        
             | sqeaky wrote:
             | How completely inhumane. From a strictly numerical
             | perspective you are correct, but it is disgusting and vile.
             | 
             | I know plenty of people without mental health issues who
             | can't get jobs that make 20k and I know a few with degrees
             | who can't.
             | 
             | Making healthcare a for-profit venture guarantees that poor
             | people suffer disproportionately. Making chemicals is cheap
             | and most of the innovation happens on government grants and
             | funding. A government run healthcare system is obvious a
             | cheaper solution with less suffering.
        
               | oatmeal1 wrote:
               | > Making healthcare a for-profit venture guarantees that
               | poor people suffer disproportionately.
               | 
               | This is true of literally every industry; the poor always
               | get less than the rich. Why not nationalize everything so
               | that the poor always get the same as the rich? Surely if
               | the government can run healthcare it can run toy shops
               | and grocery stores.
        
               | sqeaky wrote:
               | We have seen more than 100 other countries nationalize
               | healthcare and seen it work well. Arguing against it is
               | silly, bordering on irrational.
               | 
               | Capitalism simply doesn't work in an environment where
               | one side has infinite leverage.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Even those countries, it is still a for profit verture.
               | Companies are paid for products, Doctors and healthcare
               | professionals are paid to go to work.
               | 
               | These other countries didn't nationalize their
               | industries. They simply use spending controls. The
               | government says we "will pay $X and you can take it or
               | leave it". The US is rather rare in that we say "We will
               | take it no matter the cost".
               | 
               | Companies are more or less greedy in different countries.
               | They are the same companies!
        
               | sqeaky wrote:
               | By this logic anything that involves money ever is a for-
               | profit venture, that clearly isn't the case.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Most human labor IS motivated by profit.
               | 
               | There can be specific individuals or organizations that
               | seek no profit, but they are almost always working with
               | and through other for profit entities.
               | 
               | To say something like an entire industry should be
               | nonprofit is pie in the sky, which is what I am trying to
               | highlight.
               | 
               | Overly broad moral sentiments like people should not seek
               | profit when it comes to healthcare quickly break down
               | when examined in any detail.
               | 
               | I think What people usually mean is simply that they
               | think health insurance should be funded by taxes and
               | accessible to all. Instead of simply saying this, they
               | end up justifying it with overly broad and poorly thought
               | out moral laws.
        
               | consteval wrote:
               | Correct, this does happen in every industry. But
               | industries are not created equal. Some are really
               | important, and some are just kind of there.
               | 
               | A kid not getting a toy is sad, but it's not the end of
               | the world. However, healthcare is literally life or
               | death. It makes complete sense to single out healthcare.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | Fact is, government run public health does look at
               | numbers at the end of the day. A medicine that increases
               | "value" (however you define that) more than it costs is
               | more likely to get gov funding.
               | 
               | Turning away from the elephant in the room because it is
               | "vile" doesn't help anyone and just entrenches the status
               | quo.
        
               | sqeaky wrote:
               | You're looking at this in a very American Centric way, a
               | lot of other countries figure out how medicines for very
               | low costs. When that happens the numbers change a lot.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | I'm from one of those other countries. Yes, its not as
               | insane as america, but budgets and cost vs value
               | tradeoffs are still a thing.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Making a public policy argument for subsidizing a helpful
               | medical intervention isn't "disgusting and vile".
        
               | chpatrick wrote:
               | Drugs cost money to develop whether you like it or not,
               | the only question is how exactly the money flows.
               | 
               | If it was taxpayer funded research it would still cost
               | this much.
        
               | shiroiushi wrote:
               | The idea is for the _government_ to spend that $20k /year
               | somehow (and hopefully get a big discount by buying in
               | bulk). Spending that much on countless homeless people,
               | and turning a large fraction of them into productive
               | citizens, isn't "vile" at all: it would make the homeless
               | people much happier for one thing, but would also save
               | the rest of society a lot of money by not having to deal
               | with the negative effects of their homelessness, plus
               | increase the GDP and thus the tax base, easily paying for
               | itself.
        
               | sqeaky wrote:
               | I don't think that's what they were advocating, the way I
               | read it they were saying that people should spend that
               | money on themselves and neglected the idea of people who
               | couldn't afford it. But yeah if the idea is for the
               | government to lift people out of poverty that's great we
               | just haven't seen much of that in this country, or at
               | least not as much as I think we could practically afford.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | I wasn't really advocating anything, just pointing out
               | that the math works.
               | 
               | Who might pay the $20k of course varies a lot, depending
               | on the health care system.
               | 
               | One thing I've learned over the years is to not try
               | "reading between the lines" to suss out what people are
               | "really saying". It's just too error prone, and you
               | rarely end up communicating.
        
             | rs999gti wrote:
             | No
        
           | ninetyninenine wrote:
           | a necessary evil in a capitalist system. Is capitalism
           | perfect? No. Do we know of a better system yet? Maybe. But as
           | of right now better to have a possible cure for 20k rather
           | then nothing.
        
           | rs999gti wrote:
           | Drugs become generic eventually and costs come down.
           | 
           | Zyprexa, which was mentioned in the article, is almost always
           | prescribed as generic Olanzapine. Cost as of 2024 for generic
           | - 9 USD, brand name 476 USD.
        
       | throwaway0665 wrote:
       | > What are "Novel" Drugs?
       | 
       | > "Novel" drugs are new drugs never before approved or marketed
       | in the U.S.
        
       | rendx wrote:
       | The Role of Childhood Trauma in Psychosis and Schizophrenia: A
       | Systematic Review
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8858420/
       | 
       | "Childhood Trauma is probably the most important environmental
       | factor associated with Schizophrenia. There is evidence of
       | multiple paths between traumatic experiences and psychosis.
       | Mental disorders are systems of interacting symptoms through a
       | framework of networks. Psychotic symptoms in patients with a
       | history of child abuse are more severe, persistent, and
       | refractory to treatment. In developmental years, exposure to
       | neglect and abuse reveals severe adverse effects on the average
       | neurobiological growth, leading to vulnerable neurobiology
       | preceding disadvantageous psychiatric outcomes."
       | 
       | https://www.theguesthouseocala.com/understanding-the-connect...
       | 
       | "The guiding principles of trauma-specific care can give you the
       | space to uncover the root of your schizophrenia and trauma. Thus,
       | understanding how your early traumas have impacted you opens the
       | door to dismantling maladaptive coping mechanisms. As you deepen
       | your self-understanding, it encourages you to lean into adaptive
       | coping strategies to process your experiences and life stressors.
       | Furthermore, with support, you can find a path to recovery from
       | schizophrenia and trauma that considers you and your specific
       | experiences."
        
         | throw18376 wrote:
         | i'm getting very argumentative on the internet today (under a
         | pseudonymous account because as you might guess from my
         | incessant posting, this issue is personal for me)
         | 
         | trauma (at any time), drug use, other experiences -- all can
         | make schizophrenia more likely in those susceptible. absolutely
         | true.
         | 
         | but it is a biological disease, and healing trauma won't stop
         | its progression. as your source notes, the trauma causes
         | differences in brain development, and once that's done its
         | done.
         | 
         | i don't think coming up with a new drug, the main advantage of
         | which is it _doesn 't_ numb you the horrible way existing
         | antipychotics do, is a bad thing.
         | 
         | this is basically a drug that was only created to improve the
         | QoL of people with schizophrenia. if society just wanted to
         | numb them, we already have drugs for that and could just be
         | much more aggressive in violently coercing treatment.
         | 
         | investing in these drugs isn't "looking away", it's putting in
         | a huge investment of many billions of dollars to _help_ the
         | victims live better lives.
        
           | rendx wrote:
           | > once that's done its done
           | 
           | "As such, the hippocampus and hippocampal neuroplasticity may
           | also play a key role in resilience and recovery from stress.
           | This is supported by the current finding that hippocampal
           | volume increased following psychological therapy."
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5943737/
           | 
           | "we found a significant [hippocampal] volume expansion during
           | a 12-week treatment period, which correlated with clinical
           | improvement"
           | 
           | https://www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-32.
           | ..
           | 
           | Increased hippocampal volume and gene expression following
           | cognitive behavioral therapy in PTSD
           | 
           | https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-
           | neuroscience/arti...
        
             | sterlind wrote:
             | All those articles are for PTSD. PTSD is not the same as
             | schizophrenia. Just because psychotherapy helps with PTSD
             | doesn't mean it'll help with schizophrenia. Mental
             | illnesses, and their treatments, are not fungible!
        
               | asveikau wrote:
               | Psychotherapy does in fact help with schizophrenia. It's
               | been a while since I was steeped in reading sources that
               | backs this up, but one thing I came across was the notion
               | that therapy alone is actually more effective than
               | antipsychotics alone for certain symptoms. (If memory
               | serves, therapy is better than drugs for persistent
               | delusions.)
               | 
               | However, I think the best treatment involves both.
        
               | rendx wrote:
               | 1. See my other reply in this thread about the potential
               | link between and high comorbidity of PTSD and
               | schizophrenia.
               | 
               | 2. The argument brought up was that brain 'damage' "just
               | is", and cannot be reversed; which is where _any_
               | neuroplasticity research can be used to show that it is
               | not that simple, and that even brain structures can and
               | do continue to change over the course of a lifetime, not
               | only on the level of transmitters.
               | 
               | 3. The positive effects of psychotherapy for
               | schizophrenia are well researched.
        
             | none4methx wrote:
             | I'd like to call you both right on the basis that a working
             | brain at age 40 retired with less than a working brain from
             | age 27 or whenever schizophrenia tends to present.
             | 
             | Outcomes are what we're hoping to improve. Your data looks
             | like we get brain recovery, which is an improvement to
             | outcomes. Necessary, maybe not sufficient.
        
             | creatonez wrote:
             | No one mentioned PTSD?
        
               | rendx wrote:
               | I did!
               | 
               | When you look at the studies I posted initially, one
               | theory is that schizophrenia is a _result_ of
               | posttraumatic stress caused by childhood trauma, and a
               | _coping strategy_ (flashbacks, intrusions, dissociation).
               | It may not be in all cases, but in the cases where that
               | is, PTSD treatment seems to work to fundamentally heal
               | schizophrenia.
               | 
               | Remission of schizophrenia after an EMDR session
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8820797/
               | 
               | Applications of Trauma Treatment for Schizophrenia https:
               | //www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/109267710037051...
               | 
               | Making meaning of trauma in psychosis https://www.frontie
               | rsin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10....
               | 
               | Even if you believe schizophrenia to be first and then
               | _lead to_ traumatic experiences (which it certainly
               | will), it makes total sense to do a trauma assessment and
               | heal the maladaptive strategies and broken beliefs
               | related to these traumatic experiences, which is where
               | again PTSD treatment comes in.
               | 
               | "In the last 2 decades, it has become obvious that child
               | abuse, urbanization, migration, and adverse life events
               | contribute to the etiology of schizophrenia and other
               | psychoses. [...] I expect to see the end of the concept
               | of schizophrenia soon." (Murray, R. M. (2016). Mistakes I
               | Have Made in My Research Career. Schizophrenia Bulletin,
               | sbw165. doi:10.1093/schbul/sbw165)
        
               | froh wrote:
               | yes, there are indications for this to be true, however,
               | it's _extremely_ hard to find clinicians willing to and
               | courageous enough to work with patients with psychotic
               | experiences on trauma.
               | 
               | basically admitting psychotic episodes kicks you out of
               | most programs before you can even start, because the
               | anticipated overreaction to slight triggers can only be
               | handled by the most experienced counselors, or so they
               | believe.
               | 
               | In that sense I appreciate you sharing these papers while
               | pointing out that it's still a looong way to have this
               | currently "esoteric" knowledge mainstream.
        
               | 47282847 wrote:
               | Trauma therapy has three components: safety from
               | continued abuse, stabilization/resource
               | building/(co)regulation, and confrontation. It would be
               | ill-advised indeed to start confrontation when the other
               | two are not in place, however it is perfectly possible to
               | use trauma therapeutic methods for stabilizing, also for
               | patients with psychoses.
               | 
               | Build a stable base camp. No need to go in deeper yet.
               | But if you are preparing to go in and face the truth, you
               | cannot do it with meds that blind you.
        
           | maybelsyrup wrote:
           | > but it is a biological disease
           | 
           | I want to be charitable because I think I know the point
           | you're trying to make in your comment, and what I want to say
           | is mostly to the side of that. But I think that this
           | statement at best glosses over what's been a long, expensive,
           | and heated (though sincere) scientific conversation about
           | schizophrenia over the past century and change. It's one that
           | not only includes a substantively fruitless search for any
           | underlying pathophysiology, but a spirited conversation about
           | the validity, reliability, and plain-English usefulness of
           | the concept itself! Further, this conversation is far from
           | the stomping grounds of cranks and scammers; it has taken
           | place inside what you might call the most orthodox
           | psychiatric and psychological institutions: the APA, the
           | major high-impact journals, fancy universities etc etc.
           | 
           | So when an eminence like Robin Murray, knighthood and all,
           | can go into Schizophrenia Bulletin (2017) and write something
           | like ...
           | 
           | "I expect to see the end of the concept of schizophrenia
           | soon. Already the evidence that it is a discrete entity
           | rather than just the severe end of psychosis has been fatally
           | undermined. Furthermore, the syndrome is already beginning to
           | breakdown, for example, into those cases caused by copy
           | number variations, drug abuse, social adversity, etc.
           | Presumably this process will accelerate, and the term
           | schizophrenia will be confined to history, like 'dropsy.'"
           | [1]
           | 
           | ... saying that we know it's a biological disease as part of
           | broader claims about treatment effectiveness doesn't tell the
           | whole story. (I encourage everyone to read Murray's
           | reflections in the linked article, as it's a fascinating
           | retrospective on an illustrious career in psychosis research
           | and psychiatry.)
           | 
           | [1] https://academic.oup.com/schizophreniabulletin/article-
           | abstr...
        
             | sudoshred wrote:
             | Excellent comment. A "symptom" of schizophrenia is thinking
             | that one does not have schizophrenia. A "heads I win tails
             | you lose" situation where the single doctor is solely and
             | individually responsible for diagnostics and treatment, but
             | not liable. Criminals are given more rights and protection
             | from abuse, and the legal systems has known and documented
             | failures. For those who are labeled mentally ill there have
             | not been established effective safeguards to protect and
             | support those who might speak out, and by definition of
             | competency their perspectives are not valid. Those who are
             | economically incentivized to argue in favor of a biological
             | explanation can be expected to do so, despite no personal
             | expertise in the matter, and regardless of reproducible
             | evidence.
        
               | slibhb wrote:
               | As I read it, the parent comment is making a point about
               | the classification of schizophrenia. It is not disputing
               | that the condition (psychosis) is real, or claiming that
               | people are frequently misdiagnosed with some form of
               | psychosis.
        
               | throw18376 wrote:
               | i think we would agree a lot about the brutality and
               | incompetence of the current system of psychiatric
               | institutions.
               | 
               | however, the reality is, psychosis frequently prevents
               | people from recognizing their own impairment. it's just
               | true that this is very common, and maybe shouldn't be so
               | surprising, since in many other cases (alcohol, drugs,
               | dementia, brain injury) people also are prone to
               | underestimate how impaired they are.
        
             | throw18376 wrote:
             | well, okay, then we can say that a lot of people diagnosed
             | with schizophrenia now, even if the concept of
             | schizophrenia is not viable, do have biological disease(s)
             | that cause psychosis alongside what we now call the
             | negative symptoms of schizophrenia. I'm fine with that
             | claim.
             | 
             | it's very different than the common anti-psychiatry claim
             | that the schizophrenia diagnosis is a social construction
             | that gets applied to healthy people who violate social
             | norms.
        
           | throw23478 wrote:
           | Are there any consistent biomarkers for people with
           | schizophrenia?
        
         | gosub100 wrote:
         | > with support, you can find a path to recovery from
         | schizophrenia
         | 
         | They misspelled "medication". There are narrow situations where
         | very skilled psychiatrists have successfully treated
         | schizophrenics using non-pharma (read: traditional)
         | psychotherapy, but they are truly exceptional cases.
         | 
         | Being schizophrenic is not a lack of "deepening your self-
         | understanding" that blocks them from "uncovering the root of "
         | their illness! That is absolutely horse shit and belongs in a
         | new age Homeopathy boutique.
         | 
         | Schizophrenics firmly believe their delusions and paranoia. In
         | fact, one of the worst things you can say to them is "it's all
         | in your head! The voices aren't real!". Commonly, they split
         | the world into allies and suspects, so the moment you try to
         | invalidate them, they add you to the list of
         | agents/spirits/whatever is after them.
         | 
         | This disease requires a psychiatrist and medication, full stop,
         | and is fully orthogonal to child abuse.
        
       | hn72774 wrote:
       | I lost a good friend to this. Hope it helps other people.
       | 
       | The meds helped him but he didn't like the side effects so he
       | stopped taking them. Went in and out of homelessness. In the end
       | he thought he had superpowers and could fly. He could fly, but he
       | could not land. It eventually took him.
        
         | hilux wrote:
         | Same story here, more or less. Freshman roommate.
         | 
         | It's probably a common story.
        
         | 11235813213455 wrote:
         | Oh man, I'm probably half schizophrenic, tried some
         | antipsychotics at some point and had same reaction, and
         | recently started to spend most my time outside (sleeping too),
         | I found a nice spot. Fortunately I still have my remote
         | developer job, and try to remain stable but I'm over sensitive
         | and in the long run I can't sleep in my apartment (noise,
         | smells - cigarette, here in France, it's horrible, maybe WIFI
         | waves too). But isolation tends to makes me a bit more tolerant
         | to people, I love birds and any really natural living being
         | though
        
           | iaaan wrote:
           | Just out of curiosity (no obligation to respond): how long
           | have you been experiencing these difficulties? Have you
           | always been sensitive to these things?
        
             | 11235813213455 wrote:
             | I'm 39 now, since 22-24 so 15+ years, it started at the end
             | of studies, I started to stop spending money (except appt.
             | rent), OCD things appeared, I manage to keep stable jobs
             | and after years I started eating better, fueling better the
             | brain, most OCD troubles disappeared, but I feel like I
             | changed myself to someone more sensitive, more wild in some
             | way. in the long run I can't handle a "normal life", sit
             | down in a closed air-conditioned place, eat industrial
             | food, tolerate cigarette smokers around, noisy motorbikes,
             | and all forms of pollutions. I started to also try to avoid
             | polluting as much as possible, by respect for nature, which
             | is my real efficient treatment I think
        
               | madmask wrote:
               | I would move outside of the city/town, on a very small
               | but independent house far from others. A quiet and
               | beautiful natural place. Now internet is everywhere and
               | it's possible to work from nice places.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | The problem is if you need medical care, there aren't
               | great options in rural areas.
               | 
               | Source: the closest hospital to me is 30 minutes and it
               | sucks out loud for anything but basic injuries.
        
               | madmask wrote:
               | May be true, but if there are no other pathologies that
               | require frequent visit to the hospital, and the quiet
               | living might help the mental side of things, why not?
               | Maybe giving it a go for a while at first.
               | 
               | Maybe it's just me, I only once in almost 40 years
               | required urgent medical attention and would have survived
               | without.. so I don't understand the worry about not
               | having an hospital close to home.
        
               | 11235813213455 wrote:
               | Thanks yes that's my plan and hope. I don't need much
               | healthcare, except maybe teeth (that got a bit damaged
               | when I was too underweight), not something frequent
        
           | stndef wrote:
           | I'm not a professional, and I'm not diagnosing, but I am
           | diagnosed autistic and I share some of what you're talking
           | about here.
           | 
           | I'm sensitive to noise, smells, lights and vibrations (living
           | next to a very busy road, I can feel almost every large non-
           | electric vehicle go by -- makes working from home hard at
           | points).
           | 
           | Worth reading into if you have the energy. I do know folks
           | who are diagnosed with schizophrenia and they seem to have an
           | underlying component of some neurodivergence (arguably
           | schizophrenia should also be considered neurodivergence) and
           | went through an extreme burnout/traumatic event.
           | 
           | Hope you're able to get some peace!
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | I moved twice in the last few years. Immediately after
             | moving I was completely unable to sleep. Too bright. Too
             | loud. What are these noises? What is that vibration? For
             | me, it fades after a few weeks. The train can be rumbling
             | by with the horn going and I'll sleep right through it now.
             | I think maybe for some, that filter never builds up. Not
             | sure how to articulate it but it does seem a significant
             | component of both autism and schizophrenia (which in some
             | ways seem to be almost opposites) is a difficulty in
             | developing that sort of filtering-out of the constant
             | sensory bombardment we're all under.
        
               | stndef wrote:
               | Acclimitisation can be hard. In some cases I can put
               | things to the back of my mine, but often it's just hard
               | or not possible.
               | 
               | Certainly in my experience and from talking to others who
               | identify or have been diagnosed similarly, in the
               | majority of cases you don't get used to certain things.
               | You can't acclimitise and that's why a load of people who
               | are autistic aren't employed.
               | 
               | I might seem okay in the office, but what isn't seen is
               | my complete inability to function at home if there have
               | been too many inputs and distractions. Lucky I can work
               | from home a couple of times a week and my hours are
               | flexible in that I can start earlier so not to travel
               | into the city when it's busy -- busses are quiet at
               | 05:00/06:00 thankfully!
               | 
               | Having a small office I share with a few people helps. My
               | last place went all in on the open-planned office and it
               | was hell. I can't see how anyone is getting much work
               | done in environments like that, haha.
        
             | LoganDark wrote:
             | Schizophrenia is certainly neurodivergence, as far as I
             | know. I've often seen it depicted that autism and
             | schizophrenia are roughly on opposite sides of
             | neurotypical:
             | 
             | - Autism can make one prone to detail-oriented thinking,
             | focusing on small details, requiring logical connections to
             | understand and apply ideas. Constraints are well understood
             | and considered. This can result in stuff like OCD.
             | 
             | - Schizophrenia can make one prone to disconnected
             | thinking, focusing on big pictures, fitting together ideas
             | that may seem entirely unrelated. Even constraints that
             | seem obvious may be completely ignored. This can result in
             | stuff like conspiracy theories and convoluted delusions.
             | Delusions happen because beliefs may not be constrained by
             | what's actually realistic, the big picture could be more
             | prominent.
             | 
             | I don't know how true this analogy is, but it certainly
             | seems interesting to consider.
        
               | 11235813213455 wrote:
               | Very insteresting, my father thinks I'm autistic, while
               | some psychiatrist concluded for "Hebephrenic
               | schizophrenia". In my developer work I tend to rush
               | things a bit, maybe because I don't know how long I'll
               | feel in peace, but if I can really find peace, then I
               | deeply focus like an autist. Also I'm not associal
               | (except the fact I don't like cigarette, so I'll avoid
               | crowd due to that unfortunatly) I usually engage
               | conversations with anyone, helps breaking my loneliness,
               | and that's not really a trait of autists I believe (who
               | are more shy/introvert/associal no?)
        
               | tough wrote:
               | It's a spectrum https://neuroclastic.com/its-a-spectrum-
               | doesnt-mean-what-you...
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | > I usually engage conversations with anyone, helps
               | breaking my loneliness, and that's not really a trait of
               | autists I believe (who are more shy/introvert/associal
               | no?)
               | 
               | I think 'autistics' is a better term here; 'autists' can
               | make... not the best impression.
               | 
               | Anyway: no, autistics aren't necessarily more
               | shy/introverted/asocial. I'm autistic and I'm definitely
               | not that way; I usually try to connect to as many people
               | as I can and I have to speak to people essentially every
               | day or else I get extremely lonely/depressed. Part of
               | this is probably due to ADHD and possibly also
               | B(orderline)PD, but it's also because that's just the way
               | I am.
        
             | maleldil wrote:
             | > arguably schizophrenia should also be considered
             | neurodivergence
             | 
             | Isn't it? My understanding of the word is "anyone who
             | experiences the world differently from the social
             | 'normal'", which would certainly include schizophrenia and
             | other kinds of mental disorders.
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | I'm with you, I thought neurodivergent included any folks
               | whose brain chemistry was different than the 'regular'
               | baseline. Bipolar, schizophrenic, etc.
        
               | heraldgeezer wrote:
               | In the genderified xitter space "neurodivergence" has
               | been hijacked to mean adhd and autism only.
               | 
               | I cant wait for the TikTokers to find out about
               | Schicofrenia where they can actually think they are god!!
        
             | rs999gti wrote:
             | > arguably schizophrenia should also be considered
             | neurodivergence
             | 
             | Nope never!
             | 
             | I have experience with schizophrenia and it can never be
             | confused with anything else. The person with it is devoid
             | of reality and does not know they are sick. They resist
             | treatment and sometimes would rather go homeless, stop
             | eating or taking care of themselves, in order to avoid
             | treatment. They pull down everyone in their lives trying to
             | help them, and it really takes a toll on family and
             | relationships.
        
               | johndunne wrote:
               | I couldn't agree more with you. I've got a brother who's
               | been diagnosed with schizophrenia. He's in denial and
               | it's a constant worry that he will stop taking his meds
               | again. It's a brutal, life-destroying illness if it's not
               | managed. His lows are truly soul-destroying to witness.
        
           | heraldgeezer wrote:
           | >maybe WIFI waves too
           | 
           | Certified nutcase comment lmao, WIFI waves do not do anything
           | are you gonna buy some shugnite rocks too like the two timer,
           | also smoke smell, move then or move out of city. Im mentally
           | ill too but its mild autism, adhd (takes me all day to watch
           | a 2h movie I pause adn pause and pauise and pause and pause
           | and pause) and depression (I recently cleaned my fridge from
           | 4 year old rotting food) but astleast I sleep inside.
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | Being downvoted for tone, I guess, but the "remote
             | influencing via waves" is _the_ classic delusion common to
             | a lot of psychotic disorders.
             | 
             | The poster needs to seek actual help.
        
             | 11235813213455 wrote:
             | I don't know for WIFI, but I really receive 4 with 5/5
             | connectivity, and more than 30 in total from my apartment,
             | it's crowded, and that's a bit silly that everyone installs
             | their own box. I don't know exactly where it comes from,
             | but even when it's calm and breathable, I don't feel
             | especially good in my apartment, the difference with
             | outside is incredible, so I'm trying to sleep, eat & work
             | outside. I go back at my appt so recharge batteries, water
             | bottles and food
        
               | heraldgeezer wrote:
               | It's not the Wi-Fi.
               | 
               | >I don't feel especially good in my apartment, the
               | difference with outside is incredible
               | 
               | You have a mold issue in your apartment or some other
               | problem like that then.
        
         | FollowingTheDao wrote:
         | > The meds helped him but he didn't like the side effects so he
         | stopped taking them.
         | 
         | This is frustrating to me as a long time psych med user. If the
         | meds have intolerable side effects then the meds do not help.
         | Period. I do better off my meds than anything they ever tried
         | to give me.
         | 
         | The system failed your friend. Not his ability to tolerate
         | these horrible side effects.
         | 
         | IF we actually cared about human life we would have done much
         | more to help your friend, but we did not. We care about human
         | life up to the point it starts diminishing our comfort, and I
         | am afraid we are valuing our comfort more and more than we care
         | about others who are suffering in the last thirty years.
        
           | shermantanktop wrote:
           | It appears there is more suffering and misery out there than
           | any single concerted effort could solve.
           | 
           | I'm in NYC and just yesterday saw a homeless guy pick up a
           | used needle from the street and check to see if it had any
           | drugs left in it. The story that led him that state, and
           | where that story goes from here, multiplied by thousands of
           | people in a big city alone...it's hard to imagine solving
           | that.
        
           | rs999gti wrote:
           | > The meds helped him but he didn't like the side effects so
           | he stopped taking them.
           | 
           | They, their family, or guardian should have consulted their
           | psychiatrist to tune the meds for less side effects or to
           | switch them. That is what psychiatrists are there for.
           | 
           | Especially for schizophrenics, they should never have the
           | option to get off meds, in fact there should be a long acting
           | backup med to go with the normal treatment in case the
           | patient were to skip a dose.
           | 
           | Those with experience with schizophrenia know this is the
           | hardest part of dealing with this mental illness - getting
           | the patient into treatment and onto meds. Sure it is easy to
           | maintain meds, but on boarding is the biggest challenge -
           | that once it is setup, working, and bringing the patient back
           | to reality it needs to be maintained, otherwise the patient
           | and family have another long, uphill battle getting the
           | patient back under treatment.
        
             | FollowingTheDao wrote:
             | > they should never have the option to get off meds
             | 
             | (I have Schizoaffective Disorder)
             | 
             | The meds do not work and they have horrible and even deadly
             | side effects. To say I should never be allowed to stop them
             | denies me of my agency and would force me to endure a life
             | of misery. I am no longer on medications and better than I
             | have ever been. I am rare. Even psychiatrists do not like
             | this idea.
             | 
             | We could open up psychiatric institutions again like they
             | were when my mother was in one. It was great for her. Now
             | we have these prisons they call psychiatric hospitals run
             | by fro profit companies. (Just google Holly Hill Hospital
             | in Raleigh, NC for an example.)
             | 
             | What we need is better research that is not dominated by
             | funding from Corporations. All funding should come from the
             | Government.
        
             | hn72774 wrote:
             | > they.. should have
             | 
             | Believe me, "they" tried. Just finding him was hard and he
             | moved to a remote location. Gave away all of his
             | possessions, including cell phone. Lived in a temperate
             | climate where it was easy to get "lost" in the vegetation
             | and live off the land.
        
       | t0lo wrote:
       | Does anyone else feel like this is just some sort of population
       | control measure?
        
         | jacobjjacob wrote:
         | No, what's your rationale?
        
         | nucleardog wrote:
         | The schizophrenics certainly do!
         | 
         | https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/23348-paranoi...
        
         | hindsightbias wrote:
         | They already have Chemtrails and TV for that.
        
           | sqeaky wrote:
           | "Netflix and chill" is surely a different take on "population
           | control".
        
       | ndynan wrote:
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014067362...
       | 
       | Here is the drug trial results for EMERGENT-2 which was one of
       | the two phase-3 trials that lead to the approval.
       | 
       | I think its striking that the trial is only 5-weeks long and this
       | medication gets approval.
        
         | throwup238 wrote:
         | From your linked paper:
         | 
         |  _> Results from additional trials, including the identical
         | EMERGENT-3 trial and the 52-week, open-label EMERGENT-4 and
         | EMERGENT-5 trials, will provide additional information on the
         | efficacy and safety of KarXT in people with schizophrenia._
         | 
         | EMERGENT-4 and EMERGENT-5 concluded last year [1], which was
         | the reason for the approval. EMERGENT-2 was mostly a milestone
         | Karuna Therapeutics used to get enough funding for the rest of
         | the trials and inform their design.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.bms.com/news/details/2024/Bristol-Myers-
         | Squibb-...
        
           | ndynan wrote:
           | Thanks for the info - curious to look at these trials and see
           | if there are sustained long term positive outcomes on the
           | PANSS or these are just safety /tolerability studies.
        
       | bombi wrote:
       | Schizophrenia can be cured with niacin (vitamin B3). Search for
       | Adam Hoffer's achievements
        
         | the_gorilla wrote:
         | Every single time someone has told me a disease could be cured
         | with vitamins, it was scurvy or bullshit.
        
           | FollowingTheDao wrote:
           | Enzymatic cofactors (vitamins) many not a be cure, but maybe
           | a better, cheaper, less harmful, treatment. Take pyridoxine
           | (B6) as an example.
           | 
           | Also, did you know vitamin C deficiency not only casues
           | scurvy but mood disorders as well? The neuropsychiatric
           | effects of vitamin C deficiency: a systematic review
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7302360/
           | 
           | on Pyridoxine:
           | 
           | Pyridoxamine: A novel treatment for schizophrenia with
           | enhanced carbonyl stress
           | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/pcn.12613
           | 
           | Vitamin B6 deficiency hyperactivates the noradrenergic
           | system, leading to social deficits and cognitive impairment
           | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-021-01381-z
           | 
           | Vitamin B6 as add-on treatment in chronic schizophrenic and
           | schizoaffective patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled
           | study https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11838627/
           | 
           | Decreased serum pyridoxal levels in schizophrenia: meta-
           | analysis and Mendelian randomization analysis
           | https://www.jpn.ca/content/43/3/194.abstract
           | 
           | Treatment of Pyroluric Schizophrenia(Malvaria) With Large
           | Doses of Pyridoxineand a Dietary Supplement of Zinc
           | https://isom.ca/wp-
           | content/uploads/2020/01/JOM_1974_03_4_11_...
        
         | smolder wrote:
         | It's weird that you would state that so confidently when, as
         | wikipedia says, "Hoffer's ideas about megavitamin therapy to
         | treat mental illness are not accepted by the medical
         | community." It didn't pan out.
        
           | niemal_dev wrote:
           | Didn't pan out because it's not the plan to pan out. The plan
           | is to make people think there's something wrong with them and
           | recycle them with insurance.
        
       | dailykoder wrote:
       | RIP in peace Terry Davis. If you only had that :(
        
         | heraldgeezer wrote:
         | May he run over many CIA glowies in heaven <3
        
       | pcrh wrote:
       | Nice to see!
       | 
       | This was developed in the UK for PS11million and sold to Bristol
       | Myers Squib for USD 14billion...
       | 
       | https://wellcome.org/news/new-treatment-for-schizophrenia-Co...
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | That's quite a handsome return. Which BMS feels empowered to do
         | to since they can charge exorbitant amounts for it
         | 
         | I often am against the narrative that every pill should be
         | priced at the cost of manufacturing + healthy margin, since by
         | that logic the first pill should cost billions to cover for the
         | R&D. In this case, it doesn't quite translate.
        
       | greenish_shore1 wrote:
       | Want to buy it cheaper? ALWAYS look for the molecule's CAS number
       | in your search engine of choice.
       | 
       | https://www.google.com/search?q=131986-45-3 (Xanomeline)
       | https://www.google.com/search?q=10405-02-4 (Trospium chloride)
       | 
       | Now you see, they're selling it with a huuuuge markup, just for
       | that FDA's "stamp" on the box. But inside the packaging, it's
       | just... this. But to everyone their own, I guess.
        
         | notQuiteEither wrote:
         | You're suggesting to people that they should buy research use
         | only chemicals and attempt to compound them at home? That is
         | incredibly irresponsible and dangerous.
        
           | greenish_shore1 wrote:
           | If you don't trust people to compound a drug for their own
           | use, why would you trust them to not jump off a bridge, to
           | not kill or injure a passerby, or not to perform other
           | serious antisocial actions? Of course this is a way deeper
           | issue, but I tend to approach it this way. In the Western
           | values, we tend to value freedom, also as freedom of people
           | to self-define, very high, despite the risks it takes. And
           | this, this is a modern part of exactly the same dilemma.
           | 
           | People already do exactly that, and with some basic knowledge
           | (which should and probably will be in 20-30 years a common
           | knowledge) it's much safer than one could expect.
           | 
           | Of course, it'd be ideal if they wouldn't need to worry about
           | it and could leave this to a person who is guaranteed to be
           | more knowledgeable in doing that, but with all the over-
           | regulation burden, drug patents, drug schedules, it's not
           | happening. Example of that is, precisely, the price of this.
           | It could literally be 2000x smaller if we only get rid of
           | that burden, which was created to give some people profit.
           | And if we subside that with taxes, these taxes go to the
           | pocket of a gatekept and protected-by-the-state manufacturer.
           | That's not how taxes should even work, they should benefit
           | the society instead.
           | 
           | TL;DR: This is a _much_ wider issue.
        
             | glial wrote:
             | I mean, I wouldn't compound drugs for myself for the same
             | reason I don't do maintenance on my car's transmission
             | myself: I don't really know what I'm doing and would
             | probably get myself killed.
             | 
             | From what I understand - may be wrong - the 2000x has more
             | to do with IP protections than production safety.
        
               | greenish_shore1 wrote:
               | Basically, I agree. Would be great if people wouldn't
               | have to bother. But that's a perfect world which,
               | apparently, isn't very real. Hence, let's try to think
               | about a solution which, even though not ideal, could
               | possibly be better than the existing state... Because
               | always, there is, among others, the greed of some, and so
               | on.
               | 
               | By the way, I'm not even sure does IP protections itself
               | apply here. Both parts of this fixed combination drug
               | were known for quite some time (particularly trospium
               | chloride is very old, also often used in research
               | settings). But if they would apply (if the molecule
               | itself was patentable as someone's intellectual
               | property), they would be additional HUGE problem. But
               | what constitutes (or creates) that "2000x" problem here
               | isn't even that, this is most likely the FDA regulations
               | regarding drug approvals and so on, exclusively.
               | 
               | It could be a good idea to wonder about, what if FDA as a
               | governmental agency limited itself to "trusted"
               | information campaigns to the public on efficiency of all
               | medicines, but not doing anything which touches, notably,
               | revenue matters of pharmaceutical companies (as that's
               | why, in my opinion, corporations actually lobby for big
               | FDA influence, they can make more profit off that).
               | 
               | Also, definitely FDA in that model wouldn't be setting
               | themselves as an "authority" for "approvals" of drugs and
               | so on, which for my taste is completely contrary with
               | both the whole putative role of (federal) government, and
               | further, with the Western values (as I outlined in my
               | previous comment) themselves.
               | 
               | That new role and "definition" of FDA would be exactly
               | akin to what NIH is doing even now in the area of
               | nutrition. If you don't know what they do, look at the
               | USDA FoodData Central or all the micronutrient factsheet
               | they publish - it's my go-to resource when I wonder
               | anything about food.
               | 
               | But the FDA role would then be like that, but in regard
               | to man-made substances of medicinal use, as opposed to
               | these occurring in abundance in nature (which, in a great
               | simplification, when they're essential to a human body,
               | we consider "food"). And DEA's complementary role here
               | would be to go after manufacturers who do not label their
               | products according to the truth.
        
               | lossolo wrote:
               | The FDA exists to prevent us from repeating history[1]
               | and to minimize the risk of people being killed,
               | developing tumors, or buying placebos instead of real
               | cures.
               | 
               | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snake_oil
        
               | greenish_shore1 wrote:
               | That's why I said about them releasing science and
               | evidence-based trusted information campaigns. Not about
               | getting rid of the FDA entirely.
               | 
               | In the present information age, you don't need to give
               | them such wide powers to avoid precisely what you're
               | afraid about avoiding.
        
               | lossolo wrote:
               | That's a very naive view of the world. There are
               | predators waiting for deregulation to flood the market
               | with snake oil and profit from everyone. By the time the
               | FDA can launch any campaign, people will already have
               | been scammed or even killed. Moreover, the information
               | age doesn't help or prevent these issues--just look at
               | obesity rates, despite the wealth of information and
               | science about junk food. What you're proposing might work
               | for a small percentage of the most informed and
               | intellectually capable individuals, but it creates risks
               | for everyone else.
        
               | greenish_shore1 wrote:
               | I don't agree and I think some of what you're pointing
               | out is because we're still in a transitional period into
               | a full information society (which we don't even fully
               | know what it would be, even now, 30 years deep into that
               | transitional period, but it's inevitable and I'm
               | personally sure that it would be infinitely better that
               | what we have now). I think of it as a duality, that
               | usually, when we do something good, it usually creates
               | some harm (for example, to a group we haven't even
               | realized it existed!).
               | 
               | However, your point made me realize that, in fact,
               | probably what you generally described as the most capable
               | individuals, are probably even now mostly immune to the
               | harm which FDA creates as "side effects" of what they
               | consider good. So, if we assume that FDA's action don't
               | "touch" them in most ways, should these most capable
               | individuals be trying to reform it? But I don't think
               | that the FDA's action don't affect the most capable
               | individuals much. We're all one society and even if it
               | doesn't influence them much directly, it still very much
               | does so in more indirect ways.
               | 
               | Also think, why do you think that "predators" even exist?
               | It could be either evil nature of the humankind itself,
               | if we assume there is such, or something else creating a
               | place for them. If it's the first one, we're fucked
               | regardless. But maybe it's not?
        
           | xutopia wrote:
           | 1850$ a month at wholesale cost. That's prohibitively
           | expensive and it could save lives.
        
             | munificent wrote:
             | Or end them.
        
       | ThinkBeat wrote:
       | This reads like a happy clappy advertisement.
       | 
       | It is often not the common side effects: "gain weight, fall
       | asleep and experience involuntary muscle jerking" that cause
       | people to stop taking meds. It is that their brain feels
       | different, not like how it should be.
       | 
       | Now involuntary muscle jerking has a high stigma. It can, in the
       | worst cases be highly visible. The new drugs seem to stop this
       | drawback and instead introduces vomiting. That would be even
       | worse.
       | 
       | The worst part of the article though is the frequent reference to
       | homeless people. and that seems to be written by someone who has
       | no idea of the realities.
       | 
       | A majority of homeless people do not have access to even basic
       | healthcare. There are different reasons for this, but it is true
       | of the majority. You dont have a look that closely to see open
       | wounds, some infected, esp on feet and legs. These are basic
       | healthcare concerns. Probably they have several other conditions
       | that require treatment, and deficiencies due to a lack of food
       | period, and certain lack of food that is nutritious and healthy.
       | 
       | Are the doctors just going to walk up and down the lines of
       | homeless giving out bottles of pills and hope the world will
       | change?
       | 
       | These types of drugs should always be closely monitored by a
       | psychiatrist. Which is made nearly impossible with homeless
       | people. (not to mention the cost. It could have high co-pays but
       | I hope there are programs that can mitigate this.
       | 
       | The only way to do this is to give the person a place to live.
       | Ensure the person has healthy and decent food. This will require
       | time and treatment so build up a new sense of safety.
       | 
       | Once achieved treatment for schizophrenia could start with the
       | drug and be closely monitored by professionals.
       | 
       | None of the drugs to treat mental health issues will work on all,
       | And some people will have strong side effects.
        
         | smugma wrote:
         | My read on the one reference to homelessness in the article was
         | that a life-changing medication that can help with a disease
         | like schizophrenia can prevent homelessness in the first place.
         | 
         | I have a close family member that had a psychotic episode
         | during the pandemic. They were hospitalized but were eventually
         | able to get effective treatment and medication and now live a
         | mostly normal life.
         | 
         | Had they not had the support to get proper medication, I have a
         | hard time seeing how they wouldn't end up homeless.
        
           | 2close4comfort wrote:
           | After seeing how much they are going to charge for it, I am
           | not sure if it will not cause more homelessness.
        
             | InSteady wrote:
             | $20k per year for a brand new drug that went through 15
             | years of development is peanuts. Welcome to healthcare in
             | the country that leads the world in pharma research, for
             | good and for ill.
        
               | rs999gti wrote:
               | > $20k per year for a brand new drug
               | 
               | The thing is you don't even need this new drug, from the
               | article "Risperdal and Zyprexa" are very effective
               | antipsychotics. Even more effective when combined with a
               | long acting to prevent backslide from missed does.
               | 
               | Who cares about the TD, tremors, etc. when that patient
               | can rejoin society? Really what needs to change is reopen
               | US mental hospitals to get these patients treatment and
               | end the stigma around mentally illness.
        
               | elil17 wrote:
               | Napkin mathing here since available data isn't great, but
               | the US definitely doesn't lead the world in healthcare
               | R&D spending relative to our size. We're spending
               | something like 0.22% of GDP on healthcare R&D, putting us
               | at about #7 globally. In comparison, Denmark spends 0.93%
               | of GDP on healthcare R&D. And that list is missing data
               | from other countries that probably rank above us, like
               | Cuba.
               | 
               | Sources: https://www.oecd-
               | ilibrary.org/docserver/sti_scoreboard-2009-...
               | https://www.who.int/observatories/global-observatory-on-
               | heal...
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | Not saying it is or isn't overpriced, but 20k/year is
             | actually a good price for something that can avoid
             | homelessness. Just the cost of extra medical care and/or
             | jail, let alone social services and lost productivity, is
             | worth it.
        
         | omegaworks wrote:
         | > A majority of homeless people do not have access to even
         | basic healthcare.
         | 
         | > The only way to do this is to give the person a place to
         | live. Ensure the person has healthy and decent food.
         | 
         | > This will require time and treatment so build up a new sense
         | of safety.
         | 
         | In many ways, just meeting people's basic needs would go
         | farther to address mental health than any miracle drug.
        
         | rs999gti wrote:
         | > The only way to do this is to give the person a place to
         | live. Ensure the person has healthy and decent food. This will
         | require time and treatment so build up a new sense of safety.
         | 
         | > Once achieved treatment for schizophrenia could start with
         | the drug and be closely monitored by professionals.
         | 
         | At least for mental illness, the US state run mental hospitals
         | should be reopened to put the mentally ill under care,
         | monitoring, and to get them back on medicine.
         | 
         | Modern psychiatric medicine could reverse the issues that used
         | to stigmatize the mentally ill.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Improperly supervised psychiatric patients are a nightmare, if
         | for no other reason than they often don't take the drugs that
         | make them not a nightmare.
         | 
         | That means stand-alone housing just won't work properly.
        
         | debacle wrote:
         | "The only way to do this is to give the person a place to
         | live."
         | 
         | The people who are homeless are homeless because they, due to
         | drugs, alcohol, or mental illness aren't safe to have around
         | others of extreme poverty.
         | 
         | My friend operate several halfway houses. Almost weekly he has
         | to kick someone out because they are a danger to staff or other
         | clients. Generally this is at 2am, and the police are involved.
         | 
         | Our society has decided that institutionalizing people is
         | inhumane. Well, if someone isn't safe enough to be in a halfway
         | house and institutions are inhumane, the only place for them to
         | go is the street, and, eventually, if they are lucky, prison.
        
       | mik0n wrote:
       | New drugs are sorely needed
       | 
       | The current crop can best be described as chemical lobotomy.
       | Impossible to focus on anything for more than 30 seconds. And
       | it's not even a pleasant stupidity.
       | 
       | There's Abilify, but unfortunately doctors don't like it (due to
       | it being perceived as less effective).
        
         | rs999gti wrote:
         | Remove the stigma of mental illness and new drugs are not
         | really needs. The current class of drugs are excellent at
         | controlling psychosis.
         | 
         | Sure there are side effects, but in this case the side effects
         | are better than the psychotic behavior and breakdown of the
         | patients.
        
           | mik0n wrote:
           | Wouldn't it be better to have a drug with NO severe side
           | effects, so we can actually get people to eat them? Which is
           | exactly what they are trying to do. So many quit their meds,
           | then wham another psychosis.
           | 
           | I just don't understand the negativity in this thread. They
           | are doing gods work as far as I'm concerned.
        
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