[HN Gopher] Reading texts on paper versus computer screen: Effec...
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       Reading texts on paper versus computer screen: Effects on reading
       comprehension [pdf]
        
       Author : sturza
       Score  : 174 points
       Date   : 2024-09-25 05:52 UTC (3 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (clikmedia.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (clikmedia.ca)
        
       | dsq wrote:
       | I can read something on screen ten times and not have it make any
       | impression. Paper is much better for me personally.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | Yes, this is me as well. Reading on paper is so much easier and
         | faster for me, and my reading comprehension is substantially
         | higher as compared to reading on a screen. Even an e-paper
         | screen.
         | 
         | I had long thought that this is because I'm old enough that for
         | a huge portion of my life, most of my reading was on paper and
         | people a generation or two younger than my wouldn't see the
         | same disparity. This paper, however, seems to indicate that
         | this may not be the whole story.
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | Maybe somewhat related but I also find that if I'm taking
         | notes, I retain things much better if I handwrite them. Often I
         | don't even need to refer to my handwritten notes because I can
         | remember them, which is almost never the case with typed notes.
         | 
         | And interestingly, it's specifically handwritten notes in pen.
         | When I use a pencil it's much more like just typing them out.
        
       | dostick wrote:
       | The big question is, e-ink screens, how are they?
        
         | wellthisisgreat wrote:
         | Very curious as well - I use Supernote A5X for PDFs and
         | sometimes I reach to the edge of the screen to try to turn a
         | page
        
         | tpmoney wrote:
         | My own personal experience is I hate reading any long form
         | material on a computer or tablet screen. Something about the
         | experience was both painful and didn't seem to work with how I
         | read. I bought a used e-reader on a lark at a flea market to
         | try it out and picked up reading as a hobby again. Even with
         | the newer backlit e-readers the experience is much different.
         | 
         | As a first guess I would say:
         | 
         | * "Paper like" looks, including slightly blurred text (since
         | e-ink pixels aren't square)
         | 
         | * Mostly reflective lighting and softer lighting when backlit
         | 
         | * Dedicated and simple UI
         | 
         | * Perhaps most importantly singly consumable, individual and
         | discrete chunks of readable text
         | 
         | Are all factors in making this a better experience. E-pubs that
         | can reflow their text and so that each "page" is rendered
         | legibly and in full are great experiences. Reading fixed format
         | PDFs is better than on a tablet but not as good as an epub
        
           | trueismywork wrote:
           | Have you tried using redshift?
        
             | tpmoney wrote:
             | I have, and still find normal computer screens to just not
             | work for reading long form content for me, even reading an
             | epub in an epub app on a normal computer screen/tablet
             | still feels off
        
               | Dalewyn wrote:
               | Might be refresh rate, have you tried a faster
               | monitor/screen?
               | 
               | I know some people _despise_ 60Hz screens because they
               | 're too slow and they notice the flickering.
        
         | safety1st wrote:
         | Search the study for "ink," this is discussed briefly. They
         | produce less visual fatigue than regular screens because they
         | reflect ambient light rather than relying entirely on being
         | backlit.
         | 
         | In terms of comprehension the hierarchy probably goes paper >
         | e-ink > all other screens. Hard to quantify the gap between
         | each.
         | 
         | I think this is a big point to consider: we've known for a long
         | time that _taking notes_ increases recall to a degree that
         | likely dwarfs this screen vs paper thing. There are studies
         | where it 's like a 7-8x improvement in recall which is tied to
         | comprehension.
         | 
         | So if you want to actually remember and learn from stuff,
         | definitely take notes. Preferably handwritten ones. Preferably
         | do it all on paper. But the key is really to just be taking
         | notes.
         | 
         | Lastly there is also the argument that doing _anything_ is
         | better than _nothing._ Some people aren 't going to get through
         | any books at all if they're not audiobooks, so, they should
         | keep on listening to audiobooks, even if comprehension or
         | recall might not be as good that way. Personally I've been on a
         | hardcover books kick recently, I've found I just get a lot of
         | satisfaction out of reading a proper, high quality hardcover
         | book from start to finish, alone or with a loved one,
         | preferably with a cup of tea, so that's what I'm now doing.
        
           | erinaceousjones wrote:
           | > we've known for a long time that taking notes increases
           | recall to a degree that likely dwarfs this screen vs paper
           | thing
           | 
           | Bit of anecdata that agrees with you here - a few years back
           | I bought a decent colour e-ink android tablet (Onyx Boox). My
           | intent was that I was going to totally use it for reading
           | through journal papers without needing to print them out,
           | regular ebook reading, etc etc.
           | 
           | The VAST MAJORITY of what I have used it for, to date, is the
           | note taking app. Like, not notes scribbled over whatever I'm
           | reading.. just notes.
           | 
           | The act of doodling notes in meetings and training and
           | classes and when problem-solving definitely aids my [lack of]
           | working memory and I definitely see how making notes improves
           | comprehension.
           | 
           | I bought a book replacement and it became a notepad
           | replacement :)
           | 
           | I too have found myself preferring a good solid actual book
           | when it comes to reading, too. Ebooks just miss something
           | tactile. I suppose that highlights when reading becomes an
           | activity with intent, as opposed to something you feel you
           | _have to do_.
        
       | OnorioCatenacci wrote:
       | There's a bit of irony in reading a text about printed vs.
       | digital text in a digital text.
        
         | tasuki wrote:
         | My comprehension of it was very low.
        
         | ikaros02 wrote:
         | Nobody's stopping me from printing it
        
       | jawilson2 wrote:
       | My kids are in middle and high school, and they all have school-
       | issued 13 in chromebooks. None of them have print text books,
       | they are all online. I HATE studying with them, because of this.
       | It is a nightmare to try to read a physics or math textbook;
       | there is so much space taken by chrome, the book UI, etc, and the
       | book usually displays full screen. Or, you zoom in, you can see 1
       | paragraph and half a figure, and can't turn the page. Then, you
       | switch tabs back to your homework, also digital, and can't view
       | the book. God forbid I show them how to tile the windows side by
       | side, but even if you did, the book would be even smaller, and
       | the hw questions run off the side and don't wrap. It is
       | unbearable. I resort to digging out my 20+ year old college
       | engineering and math textbooks for physical references. The kids
       | don't seem to mind it too much, but it is all they have ever
       | known.
        
         | manishsharan wrote:
         | Glad to know I am not the only parent who feels this way.
         | 
         | On a personal note, I am one of those people who highlights
         | sections of text books using different coloured markers and
         | scribbled notes on the margins. During my final exam time, my
         | revision of materials was very efficient. I am not sure how to
         | teach my kids these skills.
        
           | lugu wrote:
           | You can try to teach them to use a good pdf reader. At work
           | there are a lot of Google doc to review. I always convert
           | them to PDF so that I can have private annotations, named
           | bookmarks and highlights of different colors (I can even diff
           | between two versions). This way I am building a collection of
           | PDF I can locally search.
           | 
           | On this topic, computers are great to make flashcards.
           | Instead of the paragrahed notes, when learning material, I am
           | taking note in the form of short Q&A using markdown
           | flashcards. Works great for me. Easy to review efficiently,
           | easy to extend.
           | 
           | This said, I am not sure this is adapted to kids. Hope you
           | share your skills to your kids.
        
             | reflexco wrote:
             | What's your good pdf reader of choice? And do you use any
             | software to organize your collection, or just the
             | filesystem?
        
               | elashri wrote:
               | Not the same person but I would suggest using zotero for
               | this purpose. This is one of the best use case of zotero
               | (try zotero 7 beta). Combined with its iPad app you will
               | find it can tick all your requirements.
        
               | halgir wrote:
               | Massive +1 to Zotero. And 7 is out of beta now!
               | 
               | I recently went back to school and started using Zotero
               | again. Reading and annotating books and papers on iPad,
               | and then having access to all of my notes when writing on
               | desktop is such a simple but amazing feature.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | On Linux, I use zathura (but I rarely annotate my PDFs
               | and I use my iPad for that). On macOS, I used Preview (it
               | was good enough) and PDF Expert (Not the subscription
               | version) for editing pages and outline. On the iPad, I
               | begrudgingly use Documents (by readdle).
               | 
               | My PDF are managed by Calibre, but I export various
               | subsets to the file system, so I can find them easily (on
               | the network).
        
             | photonthug wrote:
             | > use a good pdf reader.. markdown flash cards
             | 
             | Ever had the experience that your favorite shoes or watch
             | is discontinued by the manufacturer? It sucks because
             | you're back on the consumer treadmill again, wasting time
             | and money on things that aren't as good and struggling with
             | an annoying distraction that previously did not exist while
             | you try to find something that works for you again.
             | 
             | Software churn is just like this, only much worse. It
             | should/could have been different, but it's not.
             | 
             | So no, I don't really think we should take away all books,
             | buttons, and knobs that offer a reasonably consistent user
             | experience and replace everything we can with software and
             | tablets. At least not until software learns to behave.
             | Reading is as basic as tying your shoes. Would you really
             | want SV PMs in charge of revolutionizing the shoe-tying
             | experience every quarter, or dropping updates on you that
             | change the place you've always stored your shoes?
        
               | chrisandchris wrote:
               | Exactly.
               | 
               | It was perfectly fine, I loved it. It worked very well.
               | 
               | They took it away, now I have to re-learn how to do it
               | what I already knew with somethibg that I also have to
               | pay for.
               | 
               | Sometimes we should just keep things as they are and stop
               | looking for the next thing.
        
               | photonthug wrote:
               | Relearning is fine if that's on the way to a new stable
               | state, but I just don't see that happening. The fact that
               | people are discussing the best pdf reader after like 2+
               | decades of widespread usage, or the fact that signing a
               | pdf often means rebooting into a different OS or using a
               | cloud service that just wants a look at what kind of
               | stuff you're signing just totally destroys the idea that
               | this tech is working for us.
               | 
               | Further, does anyone believe that pdfs are going to fix
               | something like textbook costs? You will still pay too
               | much for something that you don't really own now and
               | cannot share or loan out, etc. Savings for the publisher
               | or distributor cabals are not going to find their way to
               | end users, or if they do then this will certainly be a
               | temporary situation. They already know how much they can
               | charge and get away with it, so...
               | 
               | I'm far from a Luddite, but just know that tech is great
               | to the extent that it gets out of the way and lets us
               | focus on things we care about. Corporate tech is the
               | opposite though, because it always wants engagement,
               | feeding, maintenance. PDFs and chrome books that empty
               | out your backpack might look like a convenience for
               | students but who really benefits? The people that push
               | Chromebooks get a captive audience of tax payers and
               | children who are future android fans, the distributors
               | that can empty their warehouses and fire a forklift
               | driver, etc.
               | 
               | Business as usual.. everyone should think critically
               | about it when someone is telling them "these changes are
               | for your own good".
        
         | trueismywork wrote:
         | I have this problem right since i got my first tab during ny
         | bachelors. Given how expensive books are, I have had temptation
         | to just buy 3-4 10inch kindles and wing it. Also, it's very
         | important that kids use their hands to write even if they don't
         | actually turn in handwritten work. The act of even just
         | doodling while thinking has been shown to be extremely
         | beneficial
        
           | r2_pilot wrote:
           | Just out of curiosity, have you heard of the Remarkable Paper
           | Pro? I just got one and it's decent at the writing
           | experience. Probably even good. But currently it's basically
           | only for writing, you can export PDF or png to an email or
           | their cloud. You can write on imported pdfs as well.
        
             | delusional wrote:
             | You'd have to be pretty well off to afford it as a student.
             | 
             | I'd consider just using the campus printer to print
             | whatever material you need. Or borrow the books from the
             | library.
        
               | r2_pilot wrote:
               | I know; I was fortunate as a student to have a Gateway
               | convertible(yay complicated hinge mechanism) laptop with
               | a 4 year warranty. It was okay with notes (I did really
               | love OneNote but portability of those notes was not
               | good), and right before the end of the warranty period
               | the hinge failed so they replaced it entirely. It was
               | actually more expensive than the rm paper pro and I would
               | relish the opportunity to have it back then. Granted, it
               | was also a full Windows laptop too, which the paper pro
               | is decidedly not.
        
         | jajko wrote:
         | You describe cheaping out for vastly inferior solution compared
         | to what we had for centuries. Part of studying was going
         | quickly back, switching between X pages before and here,
         | highlighting quickly, making quick notes on the side and so on.
         | 
         | Every one of us has slightly different memorization /
         | comprehension techniques to grok foreign text and concepts
         | within, and this crappy cheap new tech diminishes most of them.
         | For quick overview why not, but for deeper studies this is bad,
         | very bad.
         | 
         | Just like I hated when Tesla started putting some crappy tablet
         | instead of physical knobs, for vastly inferior driver
         | experience. But masses clearly think differently and even here
         | on HN many celebrated is as some sort of progress, so
         | manufacturers aligned and are happy to save on better quality
         | controls to keep their margins fat and juicy. Who cares about
         | some focus or safety or long term reliability studies, look at
         | that shiny glaring screen!
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > Just like I hated when Tesla started putting some crappy
           | tablet instead of physical knobs, for vastly inferior driver
           | experience. But masses clearly think differently
           | 
           | Do they? Why are physical controls back?
           | 
           | It seems like car manufacturers just mindlessly jumped on
           | what they thought was a fad, without ever bothering to test
           | out their own cars.
        
             | mannykannot wrote:
             | I think you are right, together with the opportunities for
             | cost-saving and cheaply-implemented upselling.
             | 
             | And it is not as if physical controls are ipso facto
             | better. I have driven a number of cars with physical
             | controls that are hard to find and distinguish between, and
             | which function modally.
        
               | groby_b wrote:
               | Physical controls aren't just ipso facto better, there's
               | decades of studies to support that. Especially in
               | situations where you need to use touch to maintain visual
               | focus elsewhere.
        
           | mmooss wrote:
           | > Part of studying was going quickly back, switching between
           | X pages before and here, highlighting quickly, making quick
           | notes on the side and so on.
           | 
           | Whatever the other trade-offs, you can do all that even more
           | easily with a good PDF application.
           | 
           | You also can open multiple instances of the same book, to
           | have multiple pages open simultaneously.
        
             | HPsquared wrote:
             | And the magic of Ctrl+F, highlights, and comments.
        
             | ralphc wrote:
             | But none of that mitigates the problem of screen real
             | estate. Maybe I'm just an old but I like to see more of the
             | page.
             | 
             | The Chromebooks, do they have a jack for a second monitor?
             | A good sized monitor could take care of a lot of these
             | problems. Even better would be if they can also put books,
             | pdfs etc. on an iPad for reading.
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | If I'm going to stay at a particular place for working, I
               | want at least 24" in screen areas. 4K if I'm going to
               | stare at text. An iPad works great if you're reading only
               | or working on the document itself (annotation). Not so
               | great for quick browsing.
        
             | Loic wrote:
             | In a pdf book, what I am really missing is the spacial
             | position of a piece of knowledge. Particularly for
             | reference books (I am an engineer, I still have a large
             | amount of reference books) I look up on a regular basis, I
             | know/remember where I need to search without the need to
             | express it in words to run a search through a 1000+ page
             | book.
             | 
             | But, maybe I am just an old guy and this is just because I
             | learnt this way.
             | 
             | Maybe the new generation is learning directly "digital"
             | with other knowledge access mechanisms. For example, I
             | intuitively store a "position" in the book, maybe they
             | intuitively remember a "keyword" to search for in the book.
        
               | ensignavenger wrote:
               | PDFs have pages, and I usually find that I remember about
               | which page something is on in a PDF I am reffering to as
               | I do when it is printed or in a book. I definitely think
               | there is lots of oppurtunity to improve the UX, but there
               | a a lot of advantages to electronic presentation.
        
               | BenFranklin100 wrote:
               | This is exactly the reason I dislike reflowable formats.
               | Younger people don't seem to appreciate the benefits of
               | the spatial position of information within a PDF/printed
               | text. As an undergrad, by the time I finished a textbook
               | chapter, I would have both the information and the
               | general spatial layout of the text committed to memory.
               | The latter greatly helped recall and cognitive
               | integration. 30 years later, I can still pick up my
               | undergrad textbook, dimly recall where the information is
               | located, and quickly get back up to speed. The human
               | brain has a powerful spatial 'muscle memory' for
               | recalling information. This is lost when dealing with
               | .mobi and .epub formats.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | As another poster said, PDF files have pages.
               | 
               | There are good PDF viewers (e.g. MuPDF), where you need
               | only a minimum of movements for going to a page, e.g.
               | pressing "719g" in order to go to page 719.
               | 
               | Even when a PDF file does not have bookmarks and even
               | when I do not remember the exact page where something is
               | located, I can still know for instance that what I am
               | looking for is about 20% before the end of the book, so
               | if the book has 1400 pages I go quickly to page 1120 and
               | I search around.
               | 
               | With a good PDF viewer I can navigate through a book much
               | faster than I can turn the pages in a physical book.
               | 
               | Nevertheless, one needs to have a big high-resolution
               | monitor in order to come close to the quality of a
               | printed book. The current 4k monitors are a huge progress
               | over the older 1080p or 1440p monitors, but their
               | resolution is still insufficient to match that required
               | to render correctly some of the typefaces that were
               | popular for high-quality printing (but which have been
               | rarely used after the transition to digital typefaces,
               | being replaced by others more tolerant to low-resolution
               | rendering).
               | 
               | Because I read a lot of books, there are almost 10 years
               | since I have last used a display with a resolution less
               | than 4k and I have always used them only at their native
               | resolution. I cannot understand why some people choose to
               | use various scaling methods to make the text big enough
               | (but ugly), instead of doing the right thing, i.e. the
               | rendering of all typefaces at the maximum available
               | resolution, but choosing their dimension in points big
               | enough for comfortable reading (after setting the monitor
               | dots-per-inch value to the true value for the connected
               | monitor).
        
               | BenFranklin100 wrote:
               | I agree with your points about PDFs. But what about
               | reflowable formats? The only constant is the rough
               | percentage of where the information might lie. This is a
               | sorry second to a PDF/printed text that also maintains
               | the layout.
        
               | adrian_b wrote:
               | Reflowable formats like HTML are a regression over
               | traditional books and I consider them as unsuitable for
               | any document longer than a few pages.
               | 
               | I really hate those who provide some technical
               | documentation in HTML format, without offering a PDF
               | alternative, or at least some other worse format, like
               | EPUB, but which still allows a book-like navigation.
               | 
               | Even on the small display of my phone I still prefer to
               | read books in PDF format, if the reader provides a good
               | UI for pan and zoom, than to read reflowable HTML
               | documents, because with the latter the unpredictability
               | of the layout messes with my ability to remember the
               | location of the information of interest, which is
               | essential when I frequently have to navigate through very
               | long documents.
        
               | pxc wrote:
               | Just wanted to drop in to say that this take reveals a
               | blind spot with respect to visual impairment.
               | Reflowability is really vital for visually impaired
               | people who can still see enough to read.
               | 
               | Panning in two dimensions is very cumbersome and brutally
               | inefficient compared to scrolling in just one direction,
               | especially if you have to much of it. If you can only fit
               | a few lines of readable text on your screen at a time,
               | it's really painful to pan across a fixed layout.
               | 
               | (It's been my experience that PDFs are generally not as
               | helpful to accessibility tools as HTML or similar formats
               | can be, as well.)
               | 
               | All of this is exacerbated on displays with slow redraw
               | as well, like e-ink. In the end, I don't even attempt to
               | read comic books or fixed-layout textbooks on my
               | e-readers, for instance. Nobody makes color e-readers big
               | enough for me to read those things comfortably. And my
               | vision is still pretty good-- I don't necessarily use
               | fullscreen zoom every day at work and I can still drive.
               | 
               | > the unpredictability of the layout messes with my
               | ability to remember the location of the information of
               | interest
               | 
               | Although technically the layout is fixed, navigation of
               | fixed-layout zoom can itself feel quite unpredictable if
               | you are also using fullscreen zoom, because now you have
               | two layers of independent 2D panning, and all the while
               | your viewport is only a fraction of the screen (in some
               | cases even just 10% of it or much less). At that point,
               | if you're looking at text, you can't see literally any UI
               | elements, just the text. No display corners, no window
               | borders, no title bars, no menu bar, no start menu. All
               | of that spatial positioning you like to navigate by
               | becomes state you have to keep track of in your head,
               | your view of which is updated infrequently at best and
               | only ever partially.
               | 
               | There's also nothing in principle stopping you from using
               | a layout-preserving zoom on reflowable pages. Chrome and
               | Firefox both support this, for instance. By the same
               | token and without loss of generality, you're perfectly
               | free to fix your browser's zoom level and your browser
               | window's size in pixels. It's also trivial to convert
               | HTML to PDF with any of a number of free tools that are
               | easy to get. In contrast PDFs often make spatial
               | navigation the _only_ possible way to navigate, and
               | converting the other way is much harder.
               | 
               | All that said...
               | 
               | > I really hate those who provide some technical
               | documentation in HTML format, without offering
               | [alternatives]
               | 
               | I completely agree with this. Accessibility is intimately
               | related to flexibility, hackability, and ultimately,
               | freedom. Docs should be provided in a way that doesn't
               | assume or support only one way of
               | reading/browsing/working.
               | 
               | I have a pet peeve kinda similar to your complaint, too:
               | I hate it when tools have HTML docs (or even just READMEs
               | or usage messages) but no manpage. Other formats often
               | come in handy for me, too, but I want to be able to view
               | the docs where I'm already using the tool, dammit!
        
               | skydhash wrote:
               | I like both. Fixed format is great for spatial
               | navigation, diagrams and table (and PDFs usually are
               | better typeset). But for primarily text books
               | (fictions,...) and references, I will take reflowable
               | formats. Both for reading on an eReader (nice on the
               | eyes) and for quick navigation when browsing references
               | (a strong point there for hyperlinks).
        
               | dingnuts wrote:
               | what I'm missing from a physical book is the ability to
               | pipe it through ollama and directly ask questions about
               | where to find the info
               | 
               | I'm doing this with man pages today but as LLMs get
               | better solving this kind of search problem seems like a
               | major application
        
               | jvan wrote:
               | In study sessions in school I would sometimes look things
               | up by thinking "it was on the lower left about this far
               | into the book." I remember studies done years ago that
               | showed reading a physical book improved memory and
               | learning due to the geometry and positioning reinforcing
               | the neural paths, and anecdotally that was definitely the
               | case for me. I don't think I'm hallucinating them, this
               | article cites several studies that support that. Anyone
               | who suggests PDFs are just as good "because they have
               | pages" is missing the point - they aren't physical
               | objects, and that matters.
        
               | hed wrote:
               | I agree 100% as a fellow engineer.
        
             | croes wrote:
             | Can you name such an application?
             | 
             | I can fold or flip a page so, that I can quickly view
             | certain parts of the second page while I read the first
             | one.
        
           | delusional wrote:
           | To the great of my then teachers, I used to scribble and
           | write equations on my table while studying. I had paper, but
           | for some reason I just loved doing math directly on the
           | table.
           | 
           | I was told off for it often, but I don't think I would have
           | liked math as much as I did if I didn't have that option.
        
           | chinchilla2020 wrote:
           | can't wait for the javascript error when I try to switch
           | gears on the touchscreen of my future car!
        
           | gosub100 wrote:
           | I've never driven a Tesla, but don't they have voice
           | activation? Can't you say "hey Tesla, reduce AC to low"? I
           | totally agree that tactile feedback is superior to tapping a
           | screen, but if it had accurate voice activation that would be
           | almost as good for me (once I got used to the weirdness of
           | talking to the car like Knight Rider)
        
             | CrimsonRain wrote:
             | They have and they are more than accurate enough even if
             | you're not a native speaker.
             | 
             | It's just unwilling to learn/change.
             | 
             | Saw an Audi today which is same physical size and price
             | range to a Tesla model 3. It was down right funny how much
             | useless crap it has on the dashboard, how bad it looks and
             | how claustrophobic it feels compared to model 3.
        
         | bdjsiqoocwk wrote:
         | Anyone here know how it is in the UK? My kid will be starting
         | school soon, and this terrifies me.
        
           | red_admiral wrote:
           | There have been reports on the BBC about some schools going
           | completely screen-free, occasionally from parents' pressure.
           | Good luck!
        
         | kiloshib wrote:
         | I recently took a CS101 class that used ZyBooks for the
         | textbook and absolutely hated it for this very reason [1].
         | 
         | The "reading" was basically a bunch of mandatory checkbox
         | exercises that turn into a slog through a bunch of slow-loading
         | prompts that were just "Click Next" to receive confirmation
         | that I had read the info in the prompts.
         | 
         | Absolutely miserable experience all around.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.zybooks.com/
        
         | Sakos wrote:
         | Books are better in book form for one simple reason: Spatiality
         | and tactility. Skimming, skipping pages, marking and jumping
         | between different parts of the book. These actions are all
         | extremely easy, intuitive and convenient with a paper book.
         | There's no replacement for digital books. Using a mouse means
         | you're no longer interacting directly with the medium and even
         | if you do use a touchscreen, digital books aren't designed to
         | be used or interacted with in any sane way.
        
           | vundercind wrote:
           | Paper books have _excellent_ UI, far better than ebooks in
           | most respects. I _wish_ ebooks at least came close to
           | matching them, because the damn things are bulky and heavy.
        
         | andyjohnson0 wrote:
         | One of my children is a maths undergrad (UK) and all their
         | texts are on-line too. He's in a minority in that he uses the
         | library and borrows books. Many of his cohort don't.
         | 
         | On one hand, I remember how costly textbooks were and I'm glad
         | he doesn't have that. But I still have some of my student
         | textbooks and its interesting to flip through them and see old
         | margin notes, and consider what has and hasn't changed over
         | thirty years.
        
         | Sunspark wrote:
         | Your old textbooks are probably better too. I remember when I
         | was taking high school chemistry, the then-current textbooks
         | were awful with garish boxes of blocks of colour taking up half
         | the page, font changes, screaming blurbs, etc.
         | 
         | I went to a store and bought the previous older edition of the
         | textbook which was still the same material but without the fad
         | of making everything visually distracting. It is very
         | refreshing to just be able to read a normal flat white page
         | with normal black, blue and red ink.
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | I've found that printing can help a lot in these situations.
         | While you can't always print everything, math notes and scratch
         | work are still much easier on paper, no digital solution has
         | fully replaced that yet! The article is focused on reading, but
         | I recall previous discussions on the neurological aspects of
         | writing and motor control, where much of our brain is linked to
         | muscle control and dexterity [1].
         | 
         | [1] "Effects of Physical Activity on Motor Skills and Cognitive
         | Development in Early Childhood: A Systematic Review" (2017)
         | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1155/2017/2760716
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | Out of curiosity, does the Chromebook have a connector for an
         | external display?
         | 
         | But yes, trying to help someone with anything computer related
         | when they're on a crappy laptop display is... trying.
        
       | bbstats wrote:
       | N=72
        
         | yas_hmaheshwari wrote:
         | This is blasphemous
         | 
         | The answer, as is with everything, was N=42
         | 
         | :-)
        
       | Refreijn wrote:
       | I find reading texts on a 13 inch (3200x1800, 276 ppi) laptop
       | easier to remember than on a 42 inch (3840x2160, 104 ppi)
       | monitor. Reading takes more effort as text isn't as clear on the
       | big screen.
       | 
       | Been waiting for 42 inch 8k monitors since 2017. There's a 55
       | inch IPS on the horizon (ASRock PG558KF).
       | 
       | Does anyone have experience reading text on 8K VA panels like
       | Samsung QN700B?
        
         | HPsquared wrote:
         | 27 inch 4K screen is a reasonable compromise, I find (163 ppi).
         | Display scaling is a must, but same on laptop display. I guess
         | a larger screen is like having more pages on your desk at once.
        
       | heinternets wrote:
       | I definitely prefer being able to scroll with trackpad and
       | keyboard vs physical pages.
       | 
       | I wonder if any followup studies have been done on this.
        
       | Karellen wrote:
       | (2012)
        
       | est wrote:
       | I believe digital reading could be more benifitial if better
       | media were applied. This 2012 study invited "72 tenth graders
       | read texts as PDF on a computer screen", which is simply bad.
       | 
       | For example, people spent hours exploring wikipedia, this could
       | never be done with physical paper. I often find myself looking
       | for Ctrl+F button holding a book. Interactive textbooks were
       | posted on HN many times, like you can alter a numerical input and
       | see graphs chaning in real time. This helps a lot for kids with
       | limited imagination.
       | 
       | These days I can't live without an AI assistant. While reading,
       | it's just so convenient just to ask. The AI might be wrong from
       | time to time, so keep a critical mind, the AI is immensely
       | helpful for foreign-language materials and complex acedemical
       | papers.
        
         | jvan wrote:
         | >For example, people spent hours exploring wikipedia, this
         | could never be done with physical paper.
         | 
         | I must not understand what you're saying here. I'm envisioning
         | someone reading an article, seeing a reference to something
         | unfamiliar, then stopping to read another article in a nearby
         | source about that thing or any other random topic, recursing
         | for hours. This is easily done, and often was by children a few
         | decades ago, with any encyclopedia set.
        
       | bdjsiqoocwk wrote:
       | I've only read the abstract. One thing I would like to read about
       | is, if the phenomenon is real what's the mechanism for it. Is it
       | that people on screen have the tendency to change tab to look at
       | memes every other paragraph? Is it that they associate screens
       | with entertainment, and even without acting on it the brain gets
       | too lazy? Or what?
        
       | jll29 wrote:
       | This study [Mangen, Walgermo and Bronnick (2012)] should be
       | replicated with adult subjects and N=500 instead of just N=72
       | kids from a single class.
       | 
       | In Sweden, based on similar results sub-notebooks and tables that
       | were only recently introduced were removed again. I respect the
       | Swedish for reacting on the new evidence instead of being in
       | denial that the purchase of so much hardware was a mistake.
       | 
       | I write, read, and review scientific papers throughout the year,
       | and most of the time, I will print them out (sometimes over one
       | hundred pages for a single conference - e.g. 10 papers a 10
       | pages). The clearest benefit is reading mathematical formulae on
       | paper vs screen, from my subjective experience, but also the
       | ability to scribble notes, turn back the page to re-read
       | something to double-check without much effort.
       | 
       | As much as I like computers, paper is the most ingenious medium
       | ever invented by humankind, and the second most durable w.r.t.
       | long-term preservation of the written word (after parchment).
        
         | deskamess wrote:
         | > the ability to scribble notes, turn back the page to re-read
         | something to double-check without much effort.
         | 
         | I agree 100%. The simple act of turning back the page/pages is
         | so fast and efficient. My brain seems to even remember where on
         | the page the info I want is. So much more is visible in a
         | single 'eye-shot'. I don't get that same mental experience with
         | e-docs - not sure why. I did grow up with paper so there is a
         | bias.
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | I had not thought about the paging-back issue until you
           | mentioned it, but I recognize in myself what you have said
           | about it. Our brains and sensorimotor systems are developed
           | for direct interaction with the physical world, not through
           | proxies (though we can get pretty good with decent proxies
           | through practice.)
           | 
           | On the other hand, being able to search is invaluable, as is
           | the ability to have the footnote pages open in a separate
           | window, if the software does not provide a better option.
           | Finally, I can't imagine a good interface that is not pencil-
           | like for sketching diagrams.
        
           | xwowsersx wrote:
           | I agree. For novels, digital works well--I have hundreds of
           | books on my Kindle. But recently, while studying a math book,
           | I bought the paperback for exactly the reason you mentioned.
        
         | 256_ wrote:
         | > paper is the most ingenious medium ever invented by
         | humankind, and the second most durable w.r.t. long-term
         | preservation of the written word (after parchment).
         | 
         | And clay tablets.
        
         | halgir wrote:
         | I agree that for the act of learning, the tactility of paper is
         | a huge benefit. But for preserving and recalling notes and
         | highlights, electronic wins. I can have hundreds of books or
         | papers on whichever device I'm on and look up notes and
         | annotations I've made over several years.
         | 
         | I've tried figuring out how to get the best of both worlds, but
         | maybe you really just need to decide which trade-off to go
         | with.
        
           | groby_b wrote:
           | You can come reasonably close by scanning & OCRing your
           | notebooks. (And having numbered pages in your notebooks)
           | 
           | It's not great, but it's improving searchability quite a bit.
        
       | peterbonney wrote:
       | Plausible result, but considering that this HN post is appearing
       | on the same day as one of the top posts is about scientific
       | fraud... let's not get ahead of ourselves.
       | 
       | I say it all the time: provocative experimental results should be
       | considered fraudulent until the raw data is shared, and then
       | spurious until replicated.
        
         | samatman wrote:
         | I would put this only slightly differently: experimental
         | results should be considered _unpublishable_ without the raw
         | data, and _irrelevant_ until replicated.
        
       | simonw wrote:
       | In somewhat delicious irony, I find this PDF almost unreadable on
       | my iPhone screen due to the tiny font.
       | 
       | Hah: "The students were randomized into two groups, where the
       | first group read two texts (1400-2000 words) in print, and the
       | other group read the same texts as PDF on a computer screen."
       | 
       | Maybe they should try the experiment again using a non-hostile
       | format for presenting information on a computer.
       | 
       | (In case anyone else was wondering about resolution, this 2012
       | study used 15" LCDs at 1280x1024 running Windows XP - so
       | definitely not retina.)
        
         | wrs wrote:
         | It's double ironic because it's not very readable on paper
         | either! The line length is way too long. If it were in HTML you
         | could fix that.
        
       | red_admiral wrote:
       | I'm a book person through and through. Crafting Interpreters is
       | an example of how a textbook can be when someone really puts the
       | effort in, I know there's also a free PDF version but the paper
       | book is well worth the price.
       | 
       | E-readers like the remarkable are getting closer, but that one's
       | banned by some of our clients until they hire someone who
       | understands security.
        
       | axpy906 wrote:
       | Maybe add "2012" to the title as that is when the study was done.
        
       | throwpoaster wrote:
       | My kids' tomes don't even have vellum! They use paper! Next
       | they'll be printing them with moveable type instead of
       | illuminating them.
       | 
       | Kids today!
        
       | drivebycomment wrote:
       | I mostly stopped reading paper books, as I do almost all book
       | reading through Libby app on my tablet that has a high resolution
       | display like most tablets produced in the past few years. It's a
       | superior experience than a paper book in almost every way.
       | 
       | At work and home, with 4k monitor, it's so much easier to put
       | multiple reading materials side by side and read / research
       | across.
       | 
       | In 2012, even on the state of the art computer systems, the
       | reading experience wasn't as good as it is now.
        
       | nrvn wrote:
       | As someone who spent 6 years at the uni in the first half of
       | 2000's having access to the mixture of printed and digital
       | materials, and as someone who has to read tons of different
       | formal and informal docs on a daily basis, I can firmly say I
       | don't care about the results of this study and at least they are
       | irrelevant to me. You need to get your tasks done, research and
       | learn anything? Use whatever medium is available and fits your
       | needs best and allows you to yield better results in a shorter
       | timespan.
       | 
       | I won't bother printing some programming language documentation
       | and I miss the ability to search through text in printed books.
       | 
       | That being said, printed books smell good, and I enjoy the
       | typographic excellence of them every time I grab a real book.
        
       | atum47 wrote:
       | I've been reading digital image processing by Gonzalez and I must
       | be honest: the sheer thickness of the book makes it very hard to
       | handle (especially lying in bed). As others pointed out already,
       | I do miss the ability of search the text. Good book though
        
         | imgabe wrote:
         | The index is how you're meant to search a paper book.
        
       | dr__mario wrote:
       | I would love to know what happens with e-ink devices then. I feel
       | this test is doing many things at once and the conclusion may not
       | carry to e-ink (it's easier in the eyes, you can scribble...)
        
       | kgbcia wrote:
       | What about eink
        
       | joshdavham wrote:
       | I feel like I've known this intuitively for years, but have never
       | been able to properly explain it to others.
       | 
       | For example, when I was in university (2015-20), all my lecture
       | notes were available as pdfs, but I would just always print them
       | anyway while the other students would read them on their devices.
       | And when I learned French, I only bought physical books and never
       | even once tried an e-reader. Paper is just easier to understand!
        
       | mhagiwara wrote:
       | Here's a more recent meta analysis: Delgado et al., 2018. Don't
       | throw away your printed books: A meta-analysis on the effects of
       | reading media on reading comprehension
       | https://sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1747938X18300...
       | 
       | "Paper-based reading yields better comprehension outcomes than
       | digital-based reading."
        
       | User23 wrote:
       | A typical textbook gives me around an 11x17 display area with
       | better than retina resolution and a refresh limited only by the
       | speed of my optic nerve.
       | 
       | That's about the usable area of a 27" monitor after all the UI
       | trash has taken its share of space.
       | 
       | And of course, it leaves my monitor free for practicing whatever
       | it is I'm trying to learn from the book. Alt tabbing is a
       | terrible experience comparatively. Glancing at the text takes the
       | time of a saccade and uses visual memory, leaving my short term
       | memory free for concepts and working memory.
       | 
       | Obviously get a good book holder that you can stand next to your
       | monitor(s).
        
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