[HN Gopher] Tandem OLED is OLED's latest weapon in holding off M...
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       Tandem OLED is OLED's latest weapon in holding off MicroLED, QDEL
        
       Author : rbanffy
       Score  : 82 points
       Date   : 2024-09-24 10:23 UTC (4 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | bluSCALE4 wrote:
       | What's annoying is that this tech already existed for LCD
       | screens. It supposedly had deep black that OLED brings but at LCD
       | prices. If the quality is similar / no better, it's frustrating
       | to see tandem tech never made it out of China.
        
         | jsheard wrote:
         | Those Hisense tandem LCDs had some significant issues that they
         | weren't able to iron out, they had trouble with poor response
         | times, ghosting, and color banding. Flanders Scientific also
         | used to make tandem LCDs for ultra-high-end professional
         | monitoring, which was a market that could tolerate high prices
         | and poor power efficiency in the name of performance, but even
         | they have migrated their HDR monitors over to QD-OLED now so I
         | think the consensus is that tandem LCD is a dead end.
        
         | kingsleyopara wrote:
         | Dual-layer LCD is best thought of as a separate technology from
         | tandem OLED, due to being transmissive rather than emissive. In
         | many respects, it surpasses OLED, which is why mastering
         | monitors used in Hollywood still employ this technology.
         | Unfortunately, the poor efficiency and excessive energy
         | consumption/heat output have hindered its adoption in the
         | consumer market.
        
           | jsheard wrote:
           | > In many respects, it surpasses OLED, which is why mastering
           | monitors used in Hollywood still employ this technology.
           | 
           | Flanders Scientific were the main champions of dual LCDs in
           | that market, and even they have phased out all of their dual
           | LCD models in favor of QD-OLED ones now. I think they just
           | brute force through OLEDs usual brightness limits by actively
           | cooling the panel.
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | And speaking of high-brightness LED panels, I can swear I
             | got a tan from one during a conference where the panel was
             | sitting with the back towards the panel.
             | 
             | Those things are hot and very bright.
        
             | porphyra wrote:
             | Dual LCDs also have poor brightness since a lot less light
             | gets through the two layers. That can be overcome by a much
             | stronger backlight, which produces tons of heat that
             | require active cooling.
        
             | kuschku wrote:
             | Sony also makes dual-layer LCDs, they even introduced a new
             | model in 2023:
             | https://pro.sony/en_GB/products/broadcastpromonitors/bvm-
             | hx3...
        
               | jsheard wrote:
               | Good to know, but that spec sheet neatly demonstrates the
               | efficiency challenges of dual-layer LCD. That's a 31"
               | panel which burns up to 610 watts!
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | That's probably illegal to sell in the EU?
        
               | wmf wrote:
               | It's a professional reference monitor not a TV so maybe
               | there's an exception.
        
               | kuschku wrote:
               | Those rules and regulations only apply to consumer
               | products, business/professional products are exempt. This
               | product is obviously not a consumer product.
        
               | anamexis wrote:
               | Also, it costs $25,000. But that might not be related to
               | it being a dual-layer LCD, but rather other exacting
               | tolerances for professional mastering use.
        
         | fngjdflmdflg wrote:
         | >It supposedly had deep black that OLED brings
         | 
         | How does stacking displays let you get pixel level light
         | emission of OLED or better blacks in general? The issue with
         | LCD is that there is a display wide backlight so you have to
         | actively block out the the backlight to make black. Even if
         | there was some tech to stack something that added more blocking
         | (I guess, adding another liquid crystal layer? Another
         | polarizer? I admit to not really understanding the tech beyond
         | a surface level, just trying to understand.), it doesn't seem
         | to be the same tech as stacking OLEDs which is to get more
         | brightness/less burnout. And if you mean stacking more light
         | emission as in the case of OLED, that also wouldn't seem to
         | contribute to better blacks.
        
           | mapt wrote:
           | Two LCDs, front to back, provide much better contrast by
           | blocking more of the light in the liquid crystal layers.
           | 
           | The rear one is greyscale.
           | 
           | https://www.reddit.com/r/hardware/comments/w0u2rf/did_dual_l.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://www.rtings.com/tv/reviews/hisense/u9dg
        
             | rbanffy wrote:
             | OTOH, an LCD, at best, let's 50% of the light pass through
             | it, so, for two stacked LCD panels, you'll need a much
             | brighter backlight.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | LCDs work on polarization... you typically have an
               | unpolarized source, run it through a polarized filter
               | which is where your 50% loss comes from, then the LCD
               | changes or doesn't the polarization, and you run it
               | through a filter again. If you stacked a second LCD, you
               | shouldn't see a second 50% loss, the light is already
               | polarized by the first LCD.
        
               | rbanffy wrote:
               | You are right - the 50% loss comes from the filters, but
               | I forgot to count the loss from the filters. You could
               | add a second monochrome LCD on top of the first one for
               | the same result.
               | 
               | I must be wrong, because this sounds very trivial.
        
             | fngjdflmdflg wrote:
             | >The rear one is grayscale.
             | 
             | If I understand correctly, you're saying that there is a
             | rear LCD that only either lets light in or blocks it
             | without caring about the color? That's interesting. As for
             | why they aren't investing in this then, it's might be at
             | least in part due to the power usage which would make it
             | unsuitable for battery powered devices such as the iPad
             | mentioned in the article.
        
         | Kirby64 wrote:
         | Due to the way LCDs work it's never useful for a consumer
         | monitor. The backlights needed to punch enough lumens through 2
         | layers of LCD is prohibitively large/expensive, and the cooling
         | needed to make sure you don't burn it out leads to a pretty
         | thick and bulky design. Take a look at the professional
         | monitors like this... there's a reason why they're so thick,
         | and it's not because they're "industrial" or something. Also,
         | power consumption is atrocious.
        
           | rbanffy wrote:
           | This sounds like a problem that PixelQi tech could solve - it
           | used prisms instead of filters for colours, which reduced
           | light absorption on inactive LCD pixels, so if the lower LCD
           | is a PixelQi panel, you can add a set of filters with the
           | second LCD panel and drive the backlight harder to gain
           | better contrast (a problem with PixelQi) within the same
           | power envelope of a "regular" LCD.
        
         | tedunangst wrote:
         | There's a diy perks video about making your own which goes into
         | the pros and cons for the curious.
        
       | cayleyh wrote:
       | I thought MicroLED was not really ready to compete outside a TV-
       | sized form factor due to the difficulty & costs to manufacture it
       | at competitive resolution density for phones/tablets? Has that
       | changed substantially since Apple cancelled it's MicroLED project
       | for the Apple watch?
        
         | porphyra wrote:
         | yea it seems that microled is good at either being really big
         | (110" TVs) or really small (VR headsets), but nothing in
         | between yet.
        
           | ivewonyoung wrote:
           | > or really small (VR headsets)
           | 
           | That's MicroOLED in the Apple Vision Pro, not MicroLED.
           | Confusing, I know.
        
             | porphyra wrote:
             | I'm not talking about micro OLED. I'm talking about
             | microled which is indeed made in small chips with VR and AR
             | as the target market.
             | 
             | For example the recently announced Meta Orion is said to
             | use microled [1].
             | 
             | At the recent microled connect conference there were lots
             | of VR/AR focused talks [2].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.microled-info.com/meta-announces-10000-ar-
             | glasse...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.microledconnect.com/current-agenda
        
               | refulgentis wrote:
               | Er, no.
               | 
               | It's not shipping today for anything smaller than 8 foot
               | TVs, and doesn't have a path.
               | 
               | It's been 5 years away for at least a decade.
               | 
               | OP is referencing Apple Watch cancellation because that
               | was Apple throwing in the towel in microLED after a
               | decade of investment, making it likely no one expects it
               | to be solved soon.
               | 
               | [1] Facebook is using a MicroLED _projector_ and
               | expressly says the display is an unknown unknown, because
               | they can 't ship this one if they wanted to. The failure
               | rates are too high (see manufacturing process in [2]).
               | 
               | [2] has been happening for at least 8 years. It'd be
               | awesome for VR, but that's the least likely near term
               | option because right now it boils down to "manually place
               | 8,294,400 pixels and if any have errors, do it again."
               | Its shipping at eye-watering prices in Samsung TVs > 100"
               | (read: have "huge" pixel sizes so they can be manually
               | placed)
        
         | throwaway48476 wrote:
         | They're still doing pick and place with millions of individual
         | LEDs.
        
           | lightedman wrote:
           | Oh, no, we don't use pick and place for micro LED. We use
           | LASER-Induced Forward Transfer - ie we blast the LED straight
           | off the wafer and onto the screen substrate and precision-
           | align it with another aimed laser pulse.
        
         | jjcm wrote:
         | Manufacturing is still the biggest bottleneck, but resolution
         | density is very achievable. Jade Bird Display is a manufacturer
         | I follow as they make extremely dense, high refresh rate, high
         | brightness microled displays for projector purposes:
         | https://www.jb-display.com/.
         | 
         | The main product they sell are monochrome 3.3mm 640x480
         | displays (1 million nits!), but they do have 2k resolution
         | 5.6mm RGB displays: https://www.jb-display.com/company/127.html
        
           | thfuran wrote:
           | Aren't the tiny displays manufactured all on a wafer,
           | bypassing the need for assembling all the individual LED
           | elements that causes problems for the TV-sized displays?
        
             | enos_feedler wrote:
             | No. The pixels still need a transfer step
        
       | siffin wrote:
       | All I have to say is that the tandem oled on my ipad pro still,
       | everytime I use it, makes me wow. It is an absolute pleasure to
       | look at and watch things on. It feels like I'm watching real life
       | and I love it.
        
         | crancher wrote:
         | Using it in a dark room is weird at times. The pure blacks
         | create the strange illusion of holding something lit that you
         | cannot see.
        
         | kccqzy wrote:
         | I spent a few minutes at an Apple Store holding an iPad Pro
         | with tandem OLED, and I couldn't perceive any difference with
         | the iPad Air right beside it.
         | 
         | (The even more expensive nano texture option was worse. It
         | simply felt blurry.)
        
           | theshackleford wrote:
           | That would be a worse case scenario. The Apple stores are
           | incredibly brightly lit, and you'll be hard pressed to notice
           | wining isn't differences between any display type in such an
           | environment.
           | 
           | These displays and their content are intended to impress in
           | media viewing situations in which you'll light control
           | accordingly. They'll still look good outside of that, but
           | they offer so much more when you want to dim the lights and
           | kick back with one on the couch with a movie or whatever.
           | 
           | Now if I could only get one in a size I cared about, I could
           | be rid of LCD permanently. Alas, I doubt I'll see this in a
           | size suitable for what I want it for in less than 5 years or
           | more.
        
             | MBCook wrote:
             | There have been rumors of the MacBook Pros moving to OLED
             | for a few years now.
             | 
             | Seems unlikely they'd redesign with something worse than
             | the iPad Pro.
             | 
             | I wonder if they're waiting for yield issues on larger
             | panels or if it's just pure cost at the moment.
        
           | MBCook wrote:
           | The amazing thing about the nano texture is how it absolutely
           | kills reflections compared to the normal option.
           | 
           | I agree there is a sharpness sacrifice to get there.
        
           | lispm wrote:
           | One needs to use them in their personal lighting situations,
           | not in a store.
           | 
           | I have both the current and prior iPad Pro version. IPS+Mini
           | LED and the Tandem OLED. The IPS version was already great.
           | The Tandem OLED is generally better, but often not by that
           | much. It's also a bit brighter. Both are quite a bit better
           | than the normal iPad displays.
           | 
           | I've seen the nano texture version of the Tandem OLED.
           | Reflections are much less, but in brighter surroundings, the
           | image is not that dark. But again, it all depends on the
           | personal lighting situations.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | >"Once blue PHOLED finally becomes available in 2025 or 2026,
       | most display makers will integrate them in their OLED displays
       | (single or tandem) and deliver further improvement in lifetime,
       | brightness, and efficiency," Virey said.
       | 
       | This is much more important improvement than Tandem OLED.
       | Although I dont think I could see that on an iPhone before 2030
       | judging from how slow Apple adopt technology.
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | > how slow Apple adopt technology.
         | 
         | Aren't they only slow to adopt new _display_ technology.
         | 
         | Everything else they either lead or are on par with, no?
         | 
         | Biometrics, Spatial Audio, health sensors, SOS phone calls,
         | etc.
        
           | repiret wrote:
           | Apple was also first to bring multitouch and high DPI
           | displays to consumers.
           | 
           | They were slow with OLED, and they have also been slow with
           | each new generation of cell phone radio standards.
        
             | MBCook wrote:
             | The early ones likely weren't up to their quality
             | standards. Then at some point they may have decided to hold
             | it for the X redesign.
             | 
             | The main issue with cell phone standards appears to be
             | power. Apple doesn't like using radios that use up so much
             | power the user has to turn them on and off to manage things
             | the way early 4G or 5G android phones were set up. They
             | seem to prefer to wait until a lower power version is
             | available that they can leave on all the time without
             | significant issue.
        
             | petepete wrote:
             | > first to bring multitouch and high DPI displays to
             | consumers
             | 
             | If you discount the LG Prada, then yeah.
        
               | Toutouxc wrote:
               | That one was capacitive, but didn't do multitouch. So no
               | pinch to zoom, which was one of the most wow things the
               | first iPhone did.
        
         | kurthr wrote:
         | Agree, and once you can lithographically pattern QD in for
         | Red/Green it'll just be one layer of Blue PHOLED underneath.
         | Cheaper and matched wear-out so burn-in is less visible. These
         | aren't huge changes, but the steady pace of improvements may
         | just make the other technologies irrelevant in mobile devices.
         | TVs and wearables still might go to microLEDs, but only if the
         | costs can come down.
        
       | 14 wrote:
       | I don't have much to add to this conversation except that what a
       | lot of people don't realize it that 2k, 4k, or 8k, tv means very
       | little in terms of how nice the picture looks. Yes to a point
       | that is important but I always tell people the panel technology
       | is way more important. Some TV's look absolutely lifelike, maybe
       | beyond life like and some sort of hyper-reality. It is like a
       | massage on your eyes watching things on a superior TV. But those
       | TV's cost a lot. A brand I found that is very good for the cost
       | is the HiSense ULED TV's. Costco has them. I love the picture for
       | the affordable cost. Not the best but pretty great. I have an led
       | monitor beside my HiSense TV, both hooked up to my pc and I ran a
       | pure black YouTube video on both side by side and the difference
       | is huge. The led monitor looks grey and is clearly lit up from
       | the back light. The HiSense is absolutely pitch black dark zero
       | light emissions. There is no real point to this post other then
       | to say I am happy with my TV, it definitely is great for the
       | cost.
        
       | rfwhyte wrote:
       | I love OLED panels and their amazing color reproduction, but I'll
       | never buy another device that uses them ever again if I can help
       | it. My current laptop developed pretty horrific burn-in after
       | just a couple years of regular use, and there wasn't really
       | anything that could be done about it, as the burn-in is comprised
       | entirely of my taskbar and the UI elements of my web browser
       | which is far and away my most used program / application and
       | likely is for the majority of other laptop users as well. I'm
       | sure they're fine for TVs where content is played "Full screen"
       | 99% of the time, but for phones or PCs where there are common OS
       | or web browser UI elements displayed on the screen the majority
       | of the time the user is using their device, they just don't make
       | sense.
        
         | Citizen_Lame wrote:
         | Oh, no.
        
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